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Quaker Lives Series 1 & 2

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Quaker Lives Series 1 & 2 Quaker Lives These short biographies of Quakers were compiled by David Purnell (Canberra Regional Meeting) and either recorded for broadcast on Dove Talk and/or published in the Canberra Quakers Newsletter James Backhouse ................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Elise Boulding ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 George Cadbury ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Pierre Ceresole ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Adam Curle .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Margaret Fell ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Elfrida Vipont Foulds .......................................................................................................................................................................... 9 George Fox ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 10 Elizabeth Fry ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Donald Groom ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Ham Sok Hon ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 14 David Hodgkin ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Florence James ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Rufus Jones ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 18 Muriel Langford ................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 Kathleen Lonsdale .............................................................................................................................................................................. 20 Francis Mather ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 21 Lucretia Mott ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 22 Valerie Nichols ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 24 William Oats .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 25 William Penn ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 26 Gerald Priestland ................................................................................................................................................................................ 27 Margaret Roberts ................................................................................................................................................................................ 29 Caroline Stephen ................................................................................................................................................................................. 30 Marjorie Sykes ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 31 Hendrik van der Merwe ................................................................................................................................................................... 32 Elizabeth Gray Vining ........................................................................................................................................................................ 34 Elizabeth Watson ................................................................................................................................................................................ 35 Margaret Watts .................................................................................................................................................................................... 36 John Woolman ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 37 James Backhouse The formation of the Quaker movement in Australia was largely due to a visit to the colonies by the British Quaker James Backhouse and his associate George Washington Walker. Their visit was supported by the British Quakers but was by no means confined to encouraging the development of Quakerism: it also included a focus on promoting temperance and on the welfare of the convicts and Indigenous Australians. 1 James Backhouse was born in Darlington, in the county of Durham in England in 1794, into a well- established Quaker family. Educated at a Quaker boarding school, James then worked in a grocery, drug and chemical business and studied botany in his spare time (notably while he had several winters with tuberculosis). He joined his brother in purchasing a nursery in 1816, and in 1822 he married Deborah Lowe and they had two children. Through his involvement in the Quaker community he came to feel called by God to visit Australia. Through his friend Elizabeth Fry he learned more about her concern for the convicts being sent to Australia. After some years during which James’ concern was tested within Quaker meetings, he was offered financial support from London Yearly Meeting. As his wife had died in 1827, his sister offered to care for his children while he went away, and he invited George Washington Walker to accompany him. They reached Hobart in February 1832. (Quote from William Oats – this we can say 2.53) The underlying purpose of the visit was to preach the gospel of Christian love – in other words they saw it as a missionary journey. They arrived in 1831 after a voyage on the Science. They had letters of introduction from the British Government to the Governors of New South Wales and Van Diemen’s Land. They began a long series of walks across many parts of the colonies, meeting a wide range of people in all walks of life. They especially held meetings with convicts in road-gangs, partly to preach love and partly to check on their wellbeing and report to the Governors. They also met settlers and were offered hospitality as they discussed the problems facing these people in isolated areas. James Backhouse kept a detailed diary of the trips. With a deep concern for the convicts, James Backhouse visited many of the penitentiaries, especially in Van Diemen’s Land, and spoke directly with Governor Arthur about ways to improve the conditions regarding diet, health, education, employment, and access to religious instruction. They proposed rewards be offered to the convicts to encourage their progessing from servitude to freedom. The Governor came to value these reports, and spoke of Backhouse and Walker as ‘individuals unbiased and unprejudiced..(and).. very likely to afford useful suggestions to the local government’. Although not all the proposals for change were adopted, it seems clear that Backhouse and Walker influenced for the better the policies towards convicts at that time. James Backhouse worked in consultation with the Governor and with Elizabeth Fry back in England to seek ways to ensure that future boatloads of female settlers were well cared for and protected during their long voyage. (Quote from Florence James, this we can say 3.32) When meeting Aboriginal people, James Backhouse took an approach similar to that of his Quaker predecessor John Woolman who met with Indians in the USA. Backhouse sought to learn from
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