Multilocus Sequence Data Reveal Dozens Of
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
A Checklist of the Non -Acarine Arachnids
Original Research A CHECKLIST OF THE NON -A C A RINE A R A CHNIDS (CHELICER A T A : AR A CHNID A ) OF THE DE HOOP NA TURE RESERVE , WESTERN CA PE PROVINCE , SOUTH AFRIC A Authors: ABSTRACT Charles R. Haddad1 As part of the South African National Survey of Arachnida (SANSA) in conserved areas, arachnids Ansie S. Dippenaar- were collected in the De Hoop Nature Reserve in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. The Schoeman2 survey was carried out between 1999 and 2007, and consisted of five intensive surveys between Affiliations: two and 12 days in duration. Arachnids were sampled in five broad habitat types, namely fynbos, 1Department of Zoology & wetlands, i.e. De Hoop Vlei, Eucalyptus plantations at Potberg and Cupido’s Kraal, coastal dunes Entomology University of near Koppie Alleen and the intertidal zone at Koppie Alleen. A total of 274 species representing the Free State, five orders, 65 families and 191 determined genera were collected, of which spiders (Araneae) South Africa were the dominant taxon (252 spp., 174 genera, 53 families). The most species rich families collected were the Salticidae (32 spp.), Thomisidae (26 spp.), Gnaphosidae (21 spp.), Araneidae (18 2 Biosystematics: spp.), Theridiidae (16 spp.) and Corinnidae (15 spp.). Notes are provided on the most commonly Arachnology collected arachnids in each habitat. ARC - Plant Protection Research Institute Conservation implications: This study provides valuable baseline data on arachnids conserved South Africa in De Hoop Nature Reserve, which can be used for future assessments of habitat transformation, 2Department of Zoology & alien invasive species and climate change on arachnid biodiversity. -
The Road Travelled by Australian Trapdoor Spiders
Discovered words and photo by Mark Harvey, WA Museum ustralia is home to many unique spiders with most species occurring Anowhere else on Earth. Many have their origins in the distant past, when Australia was part of Gondwana in the Mesozoic, ca. 180 million years ago. Australia, New Zealand, South America, Africa, Madagascar, Antarctica and the Indian sub-continent, plus a few small islands, once formed a massive southern supercontinent known as Gondwana that gradually fragmented from the Jurassic, ca. 180–160 million years ago. Evidence of the connection between these continental blocks can be found in the fossil record The road travelled by Australian of some plants and animals, but most strikingly in the presence of related groups trapdoor spiders of organisms in the modern biota. But back to spiders. There are three major groups of spiders: the Mesothelae (a Australia that lives in shallow burrows with Above An undescribed species of Conothele. group of primitive spiders now only found in a flap-like lid. It was discovered by Adelaide Asia), the Mygalomorphae (trapdoor spiders University PhD student, Sophie Harrison, and their relatives) and the Araneomorphae to be most closely related to spiders of (all other spiders). The Australian the same genus from South Africa. Using timeline of Australia bumping into Asia. mygalomorphs include trapdoor, funnel- molecular sequence data, Sophie found that He also noted that there were two distinct web and mouse spiders, and tarantulas. the spider, Moggridgea rainbowi, diverged habitat preferences for Australian Conothele. Most Australian mygalomorph spiders from its African cousins sometime between Some species built burrows on tree trunks have their origins in Gondwana. -
Species Delimitation and Phylogeography of Aphonopelma Hentzi (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae): Cryptic Diversity in North American Tarantulas
Species Delimitation and Phylogeography of Aphonopelma hentzi (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae): Cryptic Diversity in North American Tarantulas Chris A. Hamilton1*, Daniel R. Formanowicz2, Jason E. Bond1 1 Auburn University Museum of Natural History and Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America, 2 Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America Abstract Background: The primary objective of this study is to reconstruct the phylogeny of the hentzi species group and sister species in the North American tarantula genus, Aphonopelma, using a set of mitochondrial DNA markers that include the animal ‘‘barcoding gene’’. An mtDNA genealogy is used to consider questions regarding species boundary delimitation and to evaluate timing of divergence to infer historical biogeographic events that played a role in shaping the present-day diversity and distribution. We aimed to identify potential refugial locations, directionality of range expansion, and test whether A. hentzi post-glacial expansion fit a predicted time frame. Methods and Findings: A Bayesian phylogenetic approach was used to analyze a 2051 base pair (bp) mtDNA data matrix comprising aligned fragments of the gene regions CO1 (1165 bp) and ND1-16S (886 bp). Multiple species delimitation techniques (DNA tree-based methods, a ‘‘barcode gap’’ using percent of pairwise sequence divergence (uncorrected p- distances), and the GMYC method) consistently recognized a number of divergent and genealogically exclusive groups. Conclusions: The use of numerous species delimitation methods, in concert, provide an effective approach to dissecting species boundaries in this spider group; as well they seem to provide strong evidence for a number of nominal, previously undiscovered, and cryptic species. -
Phylogenomic Analysis and Revised Classification of Atypoid Mygalomorph Spiders (Araneae, Mygalomorphae), with Notes on Arachnid Ultraconserved Element Loci
Phylogenomic analysis and revised classification of atypoid mygalomorph spiders (Araneae, Mygalomorphae), with notes on arachnid ultraconserved element loci Marshal Hedin1, Shahan Derkarabetian1,2,3, Adan Alfaro1, Martín J. Ramírez4 and Jason E. Bond5 1 Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States of America 2 Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States of America 3 Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America 4 Division of Arachnology, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ``Bernardino Rivadavia'', Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina 5 Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America ABSTRACT The atypoid mygalomorphs include spiders from three described families that build a diverse array of entrance web constructs, including funnel-and-sheet webs, purse webs, trapdoors, turrets and silken collars. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have generally supported the monophyly of Atypoidea, but prior studies have not sampled all relevant taxa. Here we generated a dataset of ultraconserved element loci for all described atypoid genera, including taxa (Mecicobothrium and Hexurella) key to understanding familial monophyly, divergence times, and patterns of entrance web evolution. We show that the conserved regions of the arachnid UCE probe set target exons, such that it should be possible to combine UCE and transcriptome datasets in arachnids. We also show that different UCE probes sometimes target the same protein, and under the matching parameters used here show that UCE alignments sometimes include non- Submitted 1 February 2019 orthologs. Using multiple curated phylogenomic matrices we recover a monophyletic Accepted 28 March 2019 Published 3 May 2019 Atypoidea, and reveal that the family Mecicobothriidae comprises four separate and divergent lineages. -
First Teratological Case of the Ocular Pattern in the Brown Recluse Spider Genus Loxosceles Heineken & Lowe (Araneae, Sicariidae)
Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina ISSN: 0373-5680 ISSN: 1851-7471 [email protected] Sociedad Entomológica Argentina Argentina First teratological case of the ocular pattern in the brown recluse spider genus Loxosceles Heineken & Lowe (Araneae, Sicariidae) TAUCARE-RÍOS, Andrés; FAÚNDEZ, Eduardo I.; BRESCOVIT, Antonio D. First teratological case of the ocular pattern in the brown recluse spider genus Loxosceles Heineken & Lowe (Araneae, Sicariidae) Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, vol. 80, no. 1, 2021 Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, Argentina Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=322065128013 PDF generated from XML JATS4R by Redalyc Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative Notas First teratological case of the ocular pattern in the brown recluse spider genus Loxosceles Heineken & Lowe (Araneae, Sicariidae) Primer caso teratológico del patrón ocular en la araña reclusa parda del género Loxosceles Heineken & Lowe (Araneae, Sicariidae) Andrés TAUCARE-RÍOS [email protected] Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Arturo Prat., Chile Eduardo I. FAÚNDEZ Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto de la Patagonia, Universidad de Magallanes., Chile Antonio D. BRESCOVIT Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan., Brasil Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, vol. 80, no. 1, 2021 Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, Argentina Abstract: An ocular malformation is described for the first time in the genus Loxosceles, Received: 11 December 2020 specifically in a female of Gertsch. e specimen was collected at 3,540 Accepted: 26 January 2021 Loxosceles surca Published: 29 March 2021 m.a.s.l. in Tarapaca Region, Chile. It is the first record for this family and the first case of teratology described for spiders in this country. -
The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Endemic Giant Tarantula
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of endemic giant tarantula, Lyrognathus crotalus (Araneae: Theraphosidae) and comparative analysis Vikas Kumar, Kaomud Tyagi *, Rajasree Chakraborty, Priya Prasad, Shantanu Kundu, Inderjeet Tyagi & Kailash Chandra The complete mitochondrial genome of Lyrognathus crotalus is sequenced, annotated and compared with other spider mitogenomes. It is 13,865 bp long and featured by 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and a control region (CR). Most of the PCGs used ATN start codon except cox3, and nad4 with TTG. Comparative studies indicated the use of TTG, TTA, TTT, GTG, CTG, CTA as start codons by few PCGs. Most of the tRNAs were truncated and do not fold into the typical cloverleaf structure. Further, the motif (CATATA) was detected in CR of nine species including L. crotalus. The gene arrangement of L. crotalus compared with ancestral arthropod showed the transposition of fve tRNAs and one tandem duplication random loss (TDRL) event. Five plesiomophic gene blocks (A-E) were identifed, of which, four (A, B, D, E) retained in all taxa except family Salticidae. However, block C was retained in Mygalomorphae and two families of Araneomorphae (Hypochilidae and Pholcidae). Out of 146 derived gene boundaries in all taxa, 15 synapomorphic gene boundaries were identifed. TreeREx analysis also revealed the transposition of trnI, which makes three derived boundaries and congruent with the result of the gene boundary mapping. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference showed similar topologies and congruent with morphology, and previously reported multi-gene phylogeny. However, the Gene-Order based phylogeny showed sister relationship of L. -
Western Australian Maritime Museum
Western Australian Museum Annual Report 2004-2005 Jandamarra Crossing Artists: Alwin Reamillo and Roselin Eaton Photograph by Norman Bailey © Western Australian Museum, 2005 Coordinated by Ann Ousey and Nick Mayman Edited by Roger Bourke Designed by Charmaine Cave Layout by Gregory Jackson Published by the Western Australian Museum Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Western Australia 6986 49 Kew Street, Welshpool, Western Australia 6106 www.museum.wa.gov.au ISSN 0083-87212204-6127 Cover: Jandamarra Crossing Artists: Alwin Reamillo, Filipino Australian, and Roselin Eaton, Walmajarri, 2003 Mixed media installation, including bamboo, beer cans, rubber tyre tubing, flicker-flame resin cast heart with electric component, motorised propeller with electrical component, motion sensor and organic material including emu feet, kangaroo leg, bush turkey feathers. Miniature landscape comprises plastic/rubber animals, miniature helicopters and termite mounds. This five-metre hybrid helicopter reflects the story of Jandamarra or Pigeon, a young Bunuba hero who led the resistance against the invasion and pastoral occupation of Aboriginal lands in the Kimberley in the 1890s. Jandamarra was an exceptional marksman and his improvised manufacture of ammunition using found materials, as well as his ability to evade capture by the authorities earned him a reputation that has become legend. He was said to be able to fly like a bird and disappear like a ghost. The helicopter is also a visual reference to the importance of aerial mustering as part of the pastoral industry in which so many Bunaba people continue to be involved. Initially proposed as an experiment in collaborative art-making with mature age students at Karrayili Adult Education Centre, the project was developed by accomplished Filipino Australian artist and teacher Alwin Reamillo, with Roselin Eaton, an Walmajarri artist, student and arts worker. -
Araneae, Nemesiidae)
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 57: 51–57 (2010) Raveniola niedermeyeri: redescription and distribution 51 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.57.497 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.pensoftonline.net/zookeys Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Raveniola niedermeyeri from Iran: redescription and new data on distribution (Araneae, Nemesiidae) Sergei Zonstein1, Yuri M. Marusik2 1 Department of Zoology, Th e George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, 69978 Tel-Aviv, Israel 2 Institute for Biological Problems of the North RAS, Portovaya Str. 18, Magadan, Russia Corresponding authors : Sergei Zonstein ( [email protected] ), Yuri M. Marusik ( [email protected] ) Academic editor: Dmitry Logunov | Received 8 June 2010 | Accepted 21 July 2010 | Published 21 September 2010 Citation: Zonstein S, Marusik YM (2010) Raveniola niedermeyeri from Iran: redescription and new data on distribution (Araneae, Nemesiidae). ZooKeys 57 : 51 – 57 . doi: 10.3897/zookeys.57.497 Abstract Raveniola niedermeyeri (Brignoli, 1972), a poorly known species, is rediagnosed and redescribed from the types and from recently collected material from northern and central regions of Iran. Th is species diff ers from its congeners in having the male embolus curved distally, as well as in the unique conformation of the spermathecae. New data on the distribution of R. niedermeyeri in Iran are also provided. Keywords Araneae, spiders, Nemesiidae, Raveniola, Iran Introduction Nemesiidae is the second largest mygalomorph family, containing 350 species (Plat- nick 2010) and is distributed worldwide. Th e diplurid Brachythele niedermeyeri was fi rst described by Brignoli (1972) on the basis of a few mygalomorph specimens from Iran collected in the vicinities of Astrabad (now called Gorgan) by Oskar Niedenmeyer prior to World War I . -
Gibraltar Nature Reserve Management Plan
Gibraltar Nature Reserve Management Plan Contents Introduction…………………………………………………...3 Management structure………….…………………………9 Upper Rock………….………………………………………..10 Northern Defences…………….…………………………..27 Great Eastside Sand Slopes……...……………………..35 Talus Slope…………….………………................................41 Mount Gardens.……………………………………………..45 Jacob’s ladder………….…………………………………….48 Windmill Hill Flats…………………………………………51 Europa Point Foreshore…………….…………………...56 Gibraltar’s Caves...………..………………………………...62 This document should be cited as: Thematic trails and general improvements….…..66 Gibraltar Nature Reserve Management Plan. Scientific Research and Monitoring....………………85 2019. Department of the Environment, Heritage and Climate Change. H.M. Management Plan Summary…………..….……………86 Government of Gibraltar. References……………………………………………………..88 Front cover: South view towards the Strait from Rock Gun, Upper rock Above: View of the Mediterranean Sea from the Middle Ridge, Upper Rock Back Cover: Jacob’s Ladder 2 Introduction Gibraltar is an Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom situated at the entrance to the Mediterranean, overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar. Its strategic location and prominence have attracted the attention of many civilisations, past and present, giving rise to the rich history and popularity of ‘The Rock’. In addition to its geographical importance, Gibraltar is just as impressive from a naturalist’s perspective. It boasts many terrestrial and marine species, most of which are protected under the Nature Protection Act 1991, Gibraltar’s pioneering nature conservation legislation. Gibraltar’s climate is Mediterranean, with mild, sometimes wet winters and warm, dry summers. Its terrain includes a narrow coastal lowland to the west, bordering the 426 metre high Rock of Gibraltar. With a terrestrial area of 6.53 km2 and territorial waters extending up to three nautical miles to the east and south and up to the median line in the Bay of Gibraltar, it is of no surprise that Gibraltar’s biological resources are inevitably limited. -
Ovarian Transcriptomic Analyses in the Urban Human Health Pest, the Western Black Widow Spider
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Ovarian Transcriptomic Analyses in the Urban Human Health Pest, the Western Black Widow Spider Lindsay S. Miles 1,2,*, Nadia A. Ayoub 3, Jessica E. Garb 4, Robert A. Haney 5 and Brian C. Verrelli 1 1 Center for Life Sciences Education, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; [email protected] 2 Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada 3 Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA 24450, USA; [email protected] 4 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; [email protected] 5 Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 6 November 2019; Accepted: 7 January 2020; Published: 12 January 2020 Abstract: Due to their abundance and ability to invade diverse environments, many arthropods have become pests of economic and health concern, especially in urban areas. Transcriptomic analyses of arthropod ovaries have provided insight into life history variation and fecundity, yet there are few studies in spiders despite their diversity within arthropods. Here, we generated a de novo ovarian transcriptome from 10 individuals of the western black widow spider (Latrodectus hesperus), a human health pest of high abundance in urban areas, to conduct comparative ovarian transcriptomic analyses. Biological processes enriched for metabolism—specifically purine, and thiamine metabolic pathways linked to oocyte development—were significantly abundant in L. hesperus. Functional and pathway annotations revealed overlap among diverse arachnid ovarian transcriptomes for highly-conserved genes and those linked to fecundity, such as oocyte maturation in vitellogenin and vitelline membrane outer layer proteins, hormones, and hormone receptors required for ovary development, and regulation of fertility-related genes. -
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Phylogenomic Analysis of Ultraconserved Elements Resolves the Evolutionary and Biogeographic History of S
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Phylogenomic Analysis of Ultraconserved Elements Resolves the Evolutionary and Biogeographic History of Segmented Trapdoor Spiders XIN XU, YONG-CHAO SU, SIMON Y. W. HO, MATJAŽ KUNTNER, HIROTSUGU ONO, FENGXIANG LIU, CHIA-CHEN CHANG, NATAPOT WARRIT, VARAT SIVAYYAPRAM, KHIN PYAE PYAE AUNG, DINH SAC PHAM, Y. NORMA-RASHID, AND DAIQIN LI MATERIALS AND METHODS Taxon Selection and Genomic Resources We sampled 185 liphistiid speCimens, representing two subfamilies, all eight genera, and 166 putative speCies. These include 90 out of 137 known speCies, along with 76 unknown speCies (World Spider Catalog 2020). We also seleCted 25 outgroup taxa, representing two infraorders (Mygalomorphae and Araneomorphae) of the spider order Araneae and three other araChnid orders (Amblypygi, SCorpiones, and Thelyphonida) that are considered as sister lineages to Araneae (Starrett et al. 2017; Fernández et al. 2018; Lozano-Fernandez et al. 2019). These outgroup taxa include seven mygalomorphs sampled in this study as well as seven mygalomorphs, seven araneomorphs, and four non-spider araChnid taxa from the study by Starrett et al. (2017) (Supplementary Table S1). We extraCted genomiC DNA from one or two leg tissues of eaCh speCimen depending on body size. DNA was extraCted using a Maxwell RSC automatiC DNA/RNA extraCtion robot (Promega, USA) with Maxwell RSC blood DNA extraCtion kits, following the manufaCturer’s protocols. We quantified all genomiC DNA extraCtions using a Quantum assay (Promega, USA), and normalized them to 20 ng/µL in 50 µL of double-distilled H2O (for a total of 1000 ng). We sent genomiC DNA to the GenomiC Sequencing Core (University of Kansas, USA) for library preparation and low-Coverage genome sequencing. -
Evolution of Chemosensory Gene Families in Arthropods: Insight from the First Inclusive Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Across Spider Appendages
GBE Evolution of Chemosensory Gene Families in Arthropods: Insight from the First Inclusive Comparative Transcriptome Analysis across Spider Appendages Joel Vizueta1, Cristina Frı´as-Lo´ pez1,NuriaMacı´as-Herna´ndez2,MiquelA.Arnedo2, Alejandro Sa´nchez- Gracia1,*, and Julio Rozas1,* 1Departament de Gene`tica, Microbiologia i Estadı´stica and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain 2Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Cie`ncies Ambientals and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain *Corresponding authors: E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]. Accepted: December 16, 2016 Data deposition: This project has been deposited at the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database under accession numbers SRX1612801, SRX1612802, SRX1612803 and SRX1612804 (Bioproject number: PRJNA313901). Abstract Unlike hexapods and vertebrates, in chelicerates, knowledge of the specific molecules involved in chemoreception comes exclusively from the comparative analysis of genome sequences. Indeed, the genomes of mites, ticks and spiders contain several genes encoding homologs of some insect membrane receptors and small soluble chemosensory proteins. Here, we conducted for the first time a comprehensive comparative RNA-Seq analysis across different body structures of a chelicerate: the nocturnal wandering hunter spider Dysdera silvatica Schmidt 1981. Specifically, we obtained the complete transcriptome of this species as well as the specific expression profile in the first pair of legs and the palps, which are thought to be the specific olfactory appendages in spiders, and in the remaining legs, which also have hairs that have been morphologically identified as chemosensory. We identified several ionotropic (Ir) and gustatory (Gr) receptor family members exclusively or differentially expressed across transcriptomes, some exhibiting a distinctive pattern in the putative olfactory appendages.