Prevalence of Nonsmoking Area at Ternate City in 2019 Imam Rifial Arazi1*, Suharto2, Suryani Mansyur1
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Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 22 4th International Symposium on Health Research (ISHR 2019) Prevalence of Nonsmoking Area at Ternate City in 2019 Imam Rifial Arazi1*, Suharto2, Suryani Mansyur1 1University of Muhammadiyah Maluku Utara, Faculty of public Health, Jalan KH Ahmad Dahlan 100 Kelurahan Sasa, Kota Ternate Selatan, 97719, Ternate city, North Maluku, Indonesia 2Port health office of Manado city, North Sulawesi, Indonesia * Corresponding Author. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Non Smoking area (NSA / KTR) is a room or area that is declared prohibited for smoking or producing, selling, advertising, and / or promoting tobacco products. Cigarettes can have many negative impacts on general health, such as cancer of the mouth, pancreas, bladder, blood (leukemia), and lung cancer and diseases heart. No Smoking Area is regulated in local regulation No. 4 in 2014 which requires schools, offices and health facilities to enforce these local regulations in their environment. This study aimed to determine the Prevalence of Schools, Health Facilities and Offices that have implemented the Smoke-free area policy at Ternate City in 2019. This type of research is quantitative research, using descriptive analytical methods. By using a total sampling of 148 observations consisting of 88 schools (59.5%), 53 offices (35.8%) and 7 (4, 8%) health facilities. The results showed that there were 12 (8.1%) observation sites which were suitable for the implementation of non-smoking areas and there were 136 (91.9%) observation sites which were not suitable for the implementation of the smoke free area. The low level of non-smoking area implementation on the city of Ternate needs to get the attention of policy makers so It is suggested that the importance of the socialization about regional regulation on non-smoking areas and commitment of policy implementers and enforcement of sanctions that can provide a deterrent effect for those who do not impose no smoking area, so that it can reduce the negative impact on public health. Keywords: nonsmoking area, cigarette, local regulation, implementation of the smoke-free area 1. INTRODUCTION Cigarette consumption in Ternate is also still very high, seen The number of smokers around the world now reaches 1.2 from year to year, always increasing according to BPS billion people and 800 million of them are in developing (Statistics Indonesia) data, based on the percentage of countries. According to WHO data, Indonesia is the third average expenditure per capita per month according to food country with the largest number of smokers in the world groups in Ternate from 2015 to 2017 from these data levels after China and India. According to The Tobacco Atlas 3rd consumption of cigarettes, tobacco, and betel continues to edition 2009, related to the percentage of world population increase every year seen from 2015 the amount of who consume tobacco found 57% in the population of Asia expenditure issued per month per capita is Rp. 67,107 and in and Australia, 14% in the population of Eastern Europe and 2016 it increased by Rp.82,167 per capita and in 2017 it the Soviet Union, 12% of the American population, 9% of continued to increase sharply as much as Rp. 110,663 per the population of Western Europe, and 8% of the population capita, this is a problem for the city to be able to reduce or of the Middle East and Africa. Meanwhile ASEAN spread in even eliminate the consumption of cigarettes in Ternate, one Indonesia 46.16%, Philippines 16.62%, Vietnam 14.11%, of which is by implementing a good and appropriate No 3 4 5 Myanmar 8.73%, Thailand 7.74%, Malaysia 2.90%, Smoking Area in the layers of society in Ternate. Cambodia 2.07%, Laos 1.23%, Singapore 0.39% and Brunei 0.04%.1 The purpose of this study is to determine the Prevalence of Schools, Health Facilities and Offices that have Based on data from the National Statistics Agency in 2016 implemented the No Smoking Area in Ternate City in 2019. about the percentage of smoking in the population aged ≥ 15 years old by province in 2015-2016, North Maluku Province 2. METHOD ranks eleventh and the first position is Lampung province with a smoking presentation in 2015 of 34, 12% and in 2016 This research was conducted in July - August 2019 with the as much as 33.39% and for North Maluku province with a research location in Ternate city. This type of research is smoking presentation in 2015 as much as 31.14% and in quantitative research, using non-analytic descriptive 2016 as much as 30.23% and the last position was in the methods.6 This research is a continuation of mini survey Province of Bali with a smoking presentation in 2015 as activities conducted by epidemiology students who used a much as 22.96 % and in 2016 as much as 21.62%.2 sample of 26 schools, 6 health facilities and 10 offices,7 and Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 507 Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 22 the remaining sample of 148 samples and made as a total Table 2. Analysis Results of Non-Smoking Area sampling in this study. So that the population in this study Indicators in Schools are all schools, health facilities (hospitals and health centers), and government offices in the city of Ternate. The sample size in this study were 148 observation places consisting of 88 schools, 55 elementary schools, 18 junior high schools and 15 high schools, 7 health facilities and 53 offices from 190 populations in Ternate. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The implementation status of Non-Smoking Areas (KTR) in Table 3. Analysis Results of Non-Smoking Area Ternate City were 12 (8.1%) observation sites that were Indicators in Health Facilities suitable for their application and as many as 136 (91.9%) observation sites that did not meet KTR requirements (table 1). Indicators of the application of KTR in the City of Ternate School Order can be seen from the indicator of the unavailability of places / rooms / locations for smoking, which is 78 (52.6%), 38 smoking bans (25.5%) were found, there was no smell of cigarette smoke in schools 62 (41.6%), No ashtrays / matches found 62 (41.6%), no cigarette butts found 24 (16.3%), no people smoking was found (65 Table 4. Analysis Results of Non-Smoking Area (44.2%), no items were found related to smoking 84 (56.5%) Indicators in the office and 85 people (56.5%) were not found selling cigarettes in the school environment (table 2) Health facilities observed were 7 (4.8%) which did not provide a smoking place / room, found no smoking sign 6 (4.1%), did not smell smoke 7 (4.8%), no ashtray / lighter found 7 (4.8%), no cigarette butts found in only 5 health facilities (3.4%), no smoking was found namely in 6 health facilities (4.1%), no items related to cigarettes and people were found. who sell cigarettes in the environment at 7 health facilities (4.8%). (Table 3) DISCUSSION In city government office agencies, indicators that meet the 1. Status of Implementation of Non Smoking Area requirements for the application of a non-smoking area are Non Smoking Area (KTR) is a room or area that is prohibited 25 offices (17%) available for smoking, 34 offices (23%) that for smoking or producing, selling, advertising, and/or put up a no smoking sign, no smell of smoke in 24 offices promoting tobacco products. Government through Law No. (16%), no ashtrays / matches were found in 21 offices (14%), 36 of 2009 concerning health and PP No. 109 of 2012 no cigarette butts were found in 16 offices (11%), no concerning Safeguarding Materials Containing Addictive smoking was found in 28 offices (19%), No items were Substances in the Form of Tobacco Products for Health also blessed with cigarettes as many as 48 offices (32%) and no requires local governments to establish KTR in their cigarette advertisements found in the office environment as respective Regional Regulations or other regional 8 many as 52 offices (35%). (Table 4) legislation. For Ternate City Regional Regulation (PERDA) regulating Table 1. Analysis Results that required the non-smoking areas is included in Regional Regulation implementation of a Non-Smoking Area number 4 of 2014 concerning the Public Order of the Twelfth Section on Smoking Regulations Article 28.9 The implementation status of KTR (No-Smoking Area) is assessed from the eight KTR assessment indicators in Offices, Schools (elementary, junior high, high school) and health facilities (public health centres and hospitals) that is, the presence and absence of smoking areas provided, the presence of no smoking signs, no smell of cigarette smoke, no matches or ashtrays, no no cigarette butts, no smoking people, no items or things related to cigarettes such as ashtrays, tablecloths, paper towels and so on, and no one sells cigarettes around the office, school (elementary, middle, high school) and Health Facilities (public health centres and Hospitals). Based on the research results obtained that are in line with the implementation status of KTR (No Smoking 508 Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 22 Area), there are 12 (8.1%) suitable observation places and 3. No-Smoking Signs 136 (91.9%) observation sites that are not appropriate, for A no-smoking sign is a component of the assessment those that are in accordance with KTR implementation status indicator requirements in the application of non-smoking consists of 5 elementary schools (3.4%), Senior high school areas which must be held and applied in offices, schools and 4 (2.7%), Puskesmas 1 (0.7%), and Hospital 2 (1.4%), and health facilities and to prevent if there are smokers who want for those who did not reach the KTR implementation status to smoke in areas without smoking according to the Ministry consisted of elementary schools as many as 50 (34%), junior of Health year 2011.