A Genetic Analysis of Miklós Szentkuthy's "Prae"

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A Genetic Analysis of Miklós Szentkuthy's Department of Finnish, Finno-Ugrian, and Scandinavian Studies Faculty of Arts University of Helsinki A Genetic Analysis of Miklós Szentkuthy’s Prae Filip Sikorski ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be publicly discussed, by due permission of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Helsinki (Metsätalo building, Unioninkatu 40) in lecture room 4, on the 12th of April, 2014, at 10 o’clock. ISBN 978-952-10-9794-2 (paperback) ISBN 978-952-10-9795-9 (PDF) Unigrafia Helsinki 2014 Cover image Cannes à l’aube by Bálint Erdei www.erdeibalint.com 2 Abstract This thesis reconstructs the genesis of Miklós Szentkuthy’s (1908–1988) novel Prae (1934). The thesis examines previously unknown documents, discovered in the archives of the Petőfi Literary Museum in Budapest, which include the manuscript of Prae, drafts of Prae, diary notes, marginal notes in Szentkuthy’s books, and letters and postcards. Although this material has been available to scholars, it has never been studied or commented upon. Drawing on the concepts and methodological tools of genetic criticism, this thesis presents the archival material, establishes a writing process chronology, and distinguishes three principal techniques in Szentkuthy’s writing method. Szentkuthy wrote Prae between the years 1928–34 by a gradual accumulation of portions of text. His writing process can be divided into five stages: First (autumn 1928–October 1931), he wrote the core of part 1, then (late 1931–March 1932) the core of part 2. Next (April 1932– late 1932), he completed part 1 with three lengthy additions and finished part 2. In the following stage (December 1932–May 1933), Szentkuthy wrote the core of part 3. In the final stage (May 1933–April 1934), he also corrected the entire manuscript and attached more than one hundred additions to it. The additions introduced new thematic material to the manuscript. As a result, the seemingly uniform text of Prae actually consists of two thematically different layers: the main text and the additions. Other characteristics of Szentkuthy’s writing include “obscuring suppression” and “immediate absorption.” The technique of obscuring suppression consists of the deletion of portions of material due to which the final text (the published novel) becomes more concise but also less understandable than its draft. The principle of immediate absorption is spontaneous and immediate incorporation of readerly and personal experiences into the text that a writer is working on. As the first doctoral dissertation devoted to Prae, this thesis also demonstrates how knowledge of the novel’s genesis can be utilized in future research on Szentkuthy’s novel. Firstly, researchers will be able to take into account the thematic distinction between the main text and the additions. Secondly, the thesis shows that it is worth studying drafts as they might provide much richer and more informative material than the printed text. Thirdly, comparing parts of the novel to books that Szentkuthy read simultaneously to the writing of the given fragments may lead to the discovery of new unknown sources of Prae. 3 Abstract in Hungarian (Magyar nyelvű összegzés) Szentkuthy Miklós Prae című művének genetikai elemzése Disszertációmban arra vállalkozom, hogy Szentkuthy Miklós (1908–1988) Prae (1934) című regényének a keletkezéstörténetét rekonstruáljam a Petőfi Irodalmi Múzeumban felfedezett, korábban ismeretlen levéltári dokumentumok alapján. Az elemzett anyag, amely hozzáférhető volt a kutatók számára korábban is, de a mai napig nem volt kutatások tárgya, a Prae kéziratából, vázlatokból, naplószerű jegyzetekből, Szentkuthy könyveiben található széljegyzetekből, levelekből és képeslapokból áll. Disszertációmban a genetikus kritika fogalmi és módszertani eszközeinek a segítségével bemutatom a levéltári anyagot, meghatározom a Prae keletkezési folyamatának a kronológiáját és megkülönböztetem Szentkuthy három fő írástechnikáját. Szentkuthy 1928 és 1934 között írta meg a Prae-t a szövegek mennyiségének fokozatos növelésével. Kutatásaim alapján megállapítható, hogy az írási folyamatot öt fázisra lehet osztani. Szentkuthy 1928 ősze és 1931 októbere között írta az első rész törzsszövegét, a másodikét pedig 1931 vége és 1932 márciusa között. A harmadik szakaszban – 1932 áprilisától ugyanazon év végéig – három hosszabb betoldással egészítette ki az első részt és befejezte a másodikat. A következő fázisban, amely 1932 decemberétől 1933 májusáig tartott, a Prae harmadik részének törzsanyaga készült el. Az utolsó szakaszban – 1933 májusa és 1934 áprilisa között – az író kijavította az egész kéziratot, és több mint száz betoldással egészítette ki. A betoldások új tematikus anyagot vezettek be a kéziratba. Így a Prae látszólag egységes szövege tulajdonképpen két tematikusan eltérő rétegből áll: a főszövegből és a hozzáfűzött betoldásokból. Szentkuthy írásmódjának egyéb jellemző tulajdonságai az „elhomályosító törlés” és az „azonnali beívódás.” Az elhomályosító törlés technikája abban áll, hogy az író az anyag egy részét törli, aminek következményeképpen a végső szöveg tömörebbé válik, de ugyanakkor kevésbé érthető, mint a vázlat. Az azonnali beívódásnak pedig az a lényege, hogy az írónak az olvasói és a személyes élményei spontán és közvetlen módon beívódnak abba a szövegrészbe, amelyen éppen dolgozik. Dolgozatom az első doktori disszertáció, amely a Prae-ről szól, így az az egyik fontos feladata, hogy megmutassa a regény keletkezéséről szerzett tudás felhasználási lehetőségeit a további Prae-kutatásban. A kutatók egyrészt figyelembe vehetik majd a főszöveg és a betoldások közötti tematikus eltérést. Másrészt a tézis rámutat arra, hogy érdemes tanulmányozni a vázlatokat is, mivel sokkal gazdagabb és hasznosabb anyagot nyújthatnak, mint a nyomtatott szöveg magában. Harmadrészt a jövőbeni kutatások új forrásokat fedezhetnek fel, ha összevetik a regény részeit azokkal a könyvekkel, amelyeket Szentkuthy az adott részek megírásával egyidejűleg olvasott. 4 Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank Mariella Legnani (born Marion Pfisterer), Miklós Szentkuthy’s only daughter, for her support, kindness, and for her granting permission to publish Szentkuthy’s drafts and notes. I would also like to thank Mária Tompa for introducing me to Szentkuthy’s world, for her support, lengthy discussions, and for permission to publish the archival material. I also wish to thank the Director of the Petőfi Literary Museum, Csilla E. Csorba, for permission to publish the images of Szentkuthy’s drafts and notes. I would like to thank my pre-examinators, Tibor Gintli and Satu Grünthal, for their valuable and constructive comments on my work. I owe a debt of gratitude to my supervisors, Magdolna Kovács and Harri Veivo, without whom I would not have been able to complete this thesis. I would also like to thank Éva Gerevich-Kopteff and Eero Tarasti for helping me in the early stages of my work. I am also greatly indebted to the staff of PIM: Katalin Hegyi, Katalin Varga, Ágnes Vajda, and especially Mária Gróf and Irma Szilágyi who always helped me to find the material I was looking for. I would like to express my gratitude to the leaders of the seminar in literature at the University of Helsinki, Hannu Riikonen and Heta Pyrhönen, guest professors Irene Kacandes, Philippe Carrard, Sander Gilman, Suzanne Keen, as well as all of the students who participated in the seminar in the years 2009–2012. I am indebted to Rainer J. Hanshe for his enthusiasm, for the language proofreading, and for his valuable last minute comments. I am also grateful to other Szentkuthy scholars, including József J. Fekete and Péter Bálint, for their support. I would like to thank Tim Wilkinson for permission to quote from his translations, and Arto Kilpiö for his help with administrative issues. My research was funded by Helsingin yliopiston tiedesäätiö, CIMO, Magyar Ösztöndíj Bizottság, the Chancellor’s Travel Grant, and the University of Helsinki. I am indebted to my first teachers of Hungarian from the department of Hungarian Studies at the University of Warsaw: Márta Gedeon, Ildikó Kozak, and Elżbieta Szawerdo, as well as to Elżbieta Cygielska, who always encouraged my passion for Hungarian literature. I am grateful to my family members for their ceaseless help: my parents Magda and Zbyszek Sikorscy, my grand parents Maria Natanson, Wiktor Natanson, Irena Sikorska, and the late Bogusław Chabros, my aunt Elżbieta Sikorska, as well as the the rest of my family in Canada and England. I would like to thank my friends for their incessant support and inspiration: Péter Cserne, Paulina Kwiatkowska, Heini Lehtonen, Grisell Macdonel, Martyna Markowska, Anna Serfőző and Viktória Szabó. My special thanks go to Bálint Erdei for the cover picture, and for his friendship. I also wish to thank Mateusz Falkowski and Tomi Kokkonen for their advice concerning Heidegger, Santeri Junttila for sharing his work space with me, Hanna Karhu for her advice and optimism, Dezső Tóth for a copy of the first edition of Prae, and Anna Révész for proofreading the Hungarian abstract. Finally, I would like to thank Simo Muir, without whose constant support and advice I would not have been able to complete this thesis. 5 Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Abstract in Hungarian (Magyar nyelvű összegzés)...................................................................... 4 Acknowledgements .....................................................................................................................
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