Ground-Breaking Ceremony of Project for Building 10 000 Flats Held in Pyongyang the Chollima Statue Tells New-Type Tactical Guided Missiles Test-Fired Pyongyang Metro
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Adam Cathcart, Christopher Green, and Steven Denney
Articles How Authoritarian Regimes Maintain Domain Consensus: North Korea’s Information Strategies in the Kim Jong-un Era Adam Cathcart, Christopher Green, and Steven Denney Te Review of Korean Studies Volume 17 Number 2 (December 2014): 145-178 ©2014 by the Academy of Korean Studies. All rights reserved. 146 Te Review of Korean Studies Pyongyang’s Strategic Shift North Korea is a society under constant surveillance by the apparatuses of state, and is a place where coercion—often brutal—is not uncommon.1 However, this is not the whole story. It is inaccurate to say that the ruling hereditary dictatorship of the Kim family exerts absolute control purely by virtue of its monopoly over the use of physical force. The limitations of state coercion have grown increasingly evident over the last two decades. State-society relations in North Korea shifted drastically when Kim Jong-il came to power in the 1990s. It was a time of famine, legacy politics, state retrenchment, and the rise of public markets; the state’s coercive abilities alternated between dissolution and coalescence as the state sought to co-opt and control the marketization process, a pattern which continued until Kim Jong-il’s death in 2011 (Kwon and Chung 2012; Hwang 1998; Hyeon 2007; Park 2012). Those relations have moved still further under Kim Jong- un.2 Tough Kim’s rise to the position of Supreme Leader in December 2011 did not precipitate—as some had hoped—a paradigmatic shift in economic or political approach, the state has been extremely active in the early years of his era, responding to newfound domestic appreciation of North Korea’s situation in both the region and wider world. -
Tradition and Legitimation in North Korea: the Role of the Moranbong Band
Article Tradition and Legitimation in North Korea: The Role of the Moranbong Band Pekka KORHONEN and Adam CATHCART The Review of Korean Studies Volume 20 Number 2 (December 2017): 7-32 ©2017 by the Academy of Korean Studies. All rights reserved. 8 The Review of Korean Studies Introduction North Korea continues to maintain its position in the global media spotlight, having attained an almost magnetic status more central than the size and wealth of the state would ostensibly warrant. Much of this has to do with the fact that it is both an agent and the target of continuous propaganda war, the Korean peninsula being one of the main theatres where the increasing military tension in East Asia is played out. Rounds of tightening multilateral and unilateral sanctions by the United Nations and individual states create continuous speculation of a possible collapse of the North Korean regime, but its staying power has been surprising over the decades. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) was officially founded in 1948, making it now 69 years old. There must be reasons why it does not easily collapse, and the usual propagandistic explanations of repression, surveillance, information control, and harsh punishments are not satisfactory as the sole reasons (Eberstadt 2013). Significant changes are taking place in the society. This is what observers of North Korean economy have been arguing already for years (Smith 2015, 260- 93; Lankov and Kim 2008; Lankov 2015), but changes are occurring also in the cultural sphere. North Korea as a distinct society already has traditions spanning over three generations, and with them the state has a proven order and a certain legitimacy, which helps in understanding its resilience even against the collective will of the rest of the world. -
University of California Riverside
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE North Korean Literature: Margins of Writing Memory, Gender, and Sexuality A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Comparative Literature by Immanuel J Kim June 2012 Dissertation Committee: Professor Kelly Jeong, Chairperson Professor Annmaria Shimabuku Professor Perry Link Copyright by Immanuel J Kim 2012 The Dissertation of Immanuel J Kim is approved: _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank the Korea Foundation for funding my field research to Korea from March 2010 to December 2010, and then granting me the Graduate Studies Fellowship for the academic year of 2011-2012. It would not be an overstatement for me to say that Korea Foundation has enabled me to begin and complete my dissertation. I would also like to thank Academy of Korean Studies for providing the funds to extend my stay in Korea. I am grateful for my advisors Professors Kelly Jeong, Henk Maier, and Annmaria Shimabuku, who have provided their invaluable comments and criticisms to improve and reshape my attitude and understanding of North Korean literature. I am indebted to Prof. Perry Link for encouraging me and helping me understand the similarities and differences found in the PRC and the DPRK. Prof. Kim Chae-yong has been my mentor in reading North Korean literature, opening up opportunities for me to conduct research in Korea and guiding me through each of the readings. Without him, my research could not have gotten to where it is today. Ch’oe Chin-i and the Imjingang Team have become an invaluable resource to my research of writers in the Writer’s Union and the dynamic changes occurring in North Korea today. -
1 INFORMAČNÝ LIST PREDMETU Vysoká Škola
INFORMAČNÝ LIST PREDMETU Vysoká škola: Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave Fakulta: Filozofická fakulta Kód predmetu: Názov predmetu: Aktuálne otázky vývoja v Kórei FiF.KVŠ/A- boVS-335/15 Druh, rozsah a metóda vzdelávacích činností: Forma výučby: seminár Odporúčaný rozsah výučby ( v hodinách ): Týždenný: 2 Za obdobie štúdia: 28 Metóda štúdia: prezenčná Počet kreditov: 6 Odporúčaný semester/trimester štúdia: 7. Stupeň štúdia: I. Podmieňujúce predmety: Podmienky na absolvovanie predmetu: aktívna účasť na výučbe, prezentácia, seminárna práca, záverečná písomná skúška (otázky z obsahu kurzu) Výsledky vzdelávania: Nadobudnutie poznatkov o aktuálnom vývoji na Kórejskom polostrove v medzinárodných súvislostiach. Stručná osnova predmetu: - „Beyond 1945“ - historické súvislosti rozdielov medzi severom a juhom Kórejského polostrova - Vývoj záujmov USA, Veľkej Británie a ZSSR o Kóreu počas 2. svetovej vojny - politika a diplomacia Spojencov - mierové konferencie a prijaté dokumenty - vývoj vo Východnej Ázii po roku 1945 - mierová zmluva s Japonskom, vývoj v Číne po r. 1945 - ich vplyv na situáciu na Kórejskom polostrove - Kórea v súvislosti s dekolonializáciou juhovýchodnej Ázie - Dynastia Kimovcov - 7 desaťročí boja o moc - záujmy 4 mocností (USA, Japonska, Ruska a Číny) na Kórejskom polostrove v súčasnosti - Kórejsko-kórejský dialóg: minulosť a perspektívy - Kórejská republika ako súčasť medzinárodného spoločenstva po vstupe do OSN r. 1991 - Vývoj kórejsko-kórejských vzťahov po roku 1990: rola mimovládnych aktérov v dialógu Odporúčaná literatúra: Eckert, Carter J. a kol. Dějiny Koreje. Praha: NLN 2001. Woo, Han-Young. A Review of Korean History, Vol. 3 Modern/Contemporary Era. Paju : Kyongsaewon, 2010. Kang, Man-gil: History of Contemporary Korea. Global Oriental, 2006. Kindermann, Gottfried-Karl: Der Aufstieg Koreas in der Weltpolitik. Von der Landesöffnung bis zur Gegenwart. -
Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il, Who Glorious 70-Odd-Year-Long History of the WPK
Greeting the Seventh Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea ∙ CCongressesongresses ooff tthehe WWPKPK SSettingetting UUpp MMilestonesilestones ∙ EEver-Victoriousver-Victorious IIss tthehe CCauseause ooff tthehe WWPKPK FFollowingollowing tthehe RoadRoad ooff IIndependence,ndependence, SongunSongun aandnd SSocialismocialism CCongressesongresses ofof thethe WPKWPK SSettingetting UUpp MilestonesMilestones CONTENTS s they are greeting the Seventh Congress of the Workers’ Party of wise direction to the entire WPK and all the service personnel and Δ Congresses of the WPK Setting Up Milestones ............1 • For Complete Victory of Socialism ..........................22 AKorea with great pride in being victors, the service personnel and people in their struggle to propel the revolution and construction. As • Illuminating the Path for a New Korea .......................2 Δ Ushering In a Golden Age in Building people of the DPRK look back with deep emotion on the congresses of a result, they could celebrate the congresses of the WPK as glorious • Heralding an Epochal Turn .........................................4 a Thriving Country ........................................................32 the WPK held in the past significant years, which heralded eye-opening meetings of victors. • Calling for a Great Chollima Upsurge ........................8 Δ Ever-Victorious Is the Cause of the WPK changes and great leaps forward. The following is a brief account of the six congresses held in the At these historic meetings Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il, who -
North Korean House of Cards Leadership Dynamics Under Kim Jong-Un
North Korean House of Cards Leadership Dynamics Under Kim Jong-un Ken E. Gause H R N K North Korean House of Cards Leadership Dynamics Under Kim Jong-un Ken E. Gause H R N K Committee for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2015 Committee for Human Rights in North Korea Printed in the United States of America All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior permission of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea 1001 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 435 Washington, DC 20036 P: (202) 499-7970 ISBN: 9780985648053 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015954268 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Gordon Flake (Co-Chair) Chief Executive Officer, Perth USAsia Centre, The University of Western Australia Co-author, Paved with Good Intentions: The NGO Experience in North Korea Katrina Lantos Swett (Co-Chair) President and CEO, Lantos Foundation for Human Rights and Justice John Despres (Co-Vice-Chair) Consultant on International Financial & Strategic Affairs Suzanne Scholte (Co-Vice-Chair) President, Defense Forum Foundation Seoul Peace Prize Laureate Helen-Louise Hunter (Secretary) Attorney Author, Kim II-Song’s North Korea Kevin C. McCann (Treasurer) General Counsel, StrataScale, Inc., Counsel to SHI International -
Being in North Korea
Praise for Andray Abrahamian’s Being in North Korea “By far the most informative book I’ve read on life in North Korea. Andray Abrahamian writes very entertainingly and knows what he’s talking about. This is a rich and surprisingly revealing portrait of a super-secretive society.” — Michael Palin “Quite simply, a must-read for anybody going to North Korea. For everybody else, it is a literary excursion of the best kind — humane, funny in ways you will never expect, grim when it should be, and rich beyond belief with hard-won expertise.” — Evan Osnos, Staff Writer, The New Yorker “Each page of Being in North Korea is a fresh revelation. Andray Abrahamian has spent more time in North Korea than anybody I know and he’s such a knowledgeable and amusing guide that you’ll feel like you’ve had the privilege of an exclusive tour by the time you finish reading his book.” — Barbara Demick, Los Angeles Times “Few North Korea watchers have the breadth and depth of experiences like Andray Abrahamian. Ranging from running a nonprofit training North Koreans on entrepreneurship to undertaking academic studies as a PhD-trained scholar, the author’s work highlights his valuable perceptions about North Korea’s society and markets. Being in North Korea captures Abrahamian’s experiences in a way that informs and entertains.” — John S. Park, Harvard University “What is it like over there? This simple but at the same time immensely difficult question is what Abrahamian seeks to answer. Having worked in North Korea and speaking the language, he is the right person for such an endeavor. -
History, Culture, Norms, and the Kim Family Why Is It Critical To
North Korea in the Globalizing Era: Why is it critical to understand North Korea through history, culture, norms, and the Kim family Guktae An Tufts University August 2012 EPIK Journals Online Vol. 3 Iss. 06 North Korea in the Globalizing Era: Why it is critical to understand North Korea through history, culture, norms, and the Kim family EPIK Conference 2012: Essay Competition by Guktae An The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy Medford, MA 1 Word Count: 5,884 Table of Contents: Page: 3 Introduction 5 Creating National Dependence on the Government through Communism 7 Systematic Terror 8 Juche Isolationism 10 Paranoid Personality of the Cult 11 Conclusion 14 References 2 I. Introduction Background and Research Question As many scholars in the political field point out, it has become en vogue to suggest that globalization entails the gradual or eventual dissolution of the traditional nation-state. During the past few decades, the forces of globalization have undoubtedly shifted the role of traditional boundaries of values, institutions, and governance towards uncharted directions. Recently, there have been continual rebellions and upheavals, known as the Arab Spring, against the oppressive regimes in Egypt, Tunisia, Lybia, Yemen, and Syria. At the same time, many nations such as China and Saudi Arabia have opened up to international trade to increase their economic growth and investment to appease the public for their repressive measures. More and more societies, groups, and people are able to express their voices through technology, social networks, and demonstrations, which diminish the role of the values, institutions, and governance established by the state. -
Understanding Korea 6 Culture
UNDERSTANDING KOREA 6 CULTURE PYONGYANG, KOREA Juche 106 (2017) UNDERSTANDING KOREA 6 CULTURE Foreign Languages Publishing House Pyongyang, Korea Juche 106 (2017) CONTENTS 1. Character of Culture................................................1 2. Classification of Culture .........................................1 3. Essence of Education..............................................1 4. Education System ...................................................2 5. Development of Free Compulsory Education System ...................................................3 6. Universal 12-Year Compulsory Education .............4 7. Education for Gifted Children ................................5 8. Kyongsang Kindergarten ........................................6 9. Pyongyang Middle School No. 1 ............................7 10. Educational Bases for Extracurricular Activities ................................................................7 11. Mangyongdae Schoolchildren’s Palace ..................8 12. Children’s Camps ...................................................9 13. Songdowon International Children’s Camp............9 14. Universities and Colleges .....................................10 15. Kim Il Sung University........................................11 16. Educational Network ............................................12 17. Distance Education...............................................12 18. Grand People’s Study House ................................13 19. Giving Priority to Science and Technology.......... 14 20. Sci-Tech Power................................................... -
North Korean Leadership Dynamics and Decision-Making Under Kim Jong-Un a First Year Assessment
North Korean Leadership Dynamics and Decision-making under Kim Jong-un A First Year Assessment Ken E. Gause Cleared for public release COP-2013-U-005684-Final September 2013 Strategic Studies is a division of CNA. This directorate conducts analyses of security policy, regional analyses, studies of political-military issues, and strategy and force assessments. CNA Strategic Studies is part of the glob- al community of strategic studies institutes and in fact collaborates with many of them. On the ground experience is a hallmark of our regional work. Our specialists combine in-country experience, language skills, and the use of local primary-source data to produce empirically based work. All of our analysts have advanced degrees, and virtually all have lived and worked abroad. Similarly, our strategists and military/naval operations experts have either active duty experience or have served as field analysts with operating Navy and Marine Corps commands. They are skilled at anticipating the “prob- lem after next” as well as determining measures of effectiveness to assess ongoing initiatives. A particular strength is bringing empirical methods to the evaluation of peace-time engagement and shaping activities. The Strategic Studies Division’s charter is global. In particular, our analysts have proven expertise in the follow- ing areas: The full range of Asian security issues The full range of Middle East related security issues, especially Iran and the Arabian Gulf Maritime strategy Insurgency and stabilization Future national security environment and forces European security issues, especially the Mediterranean littoral West Africa, especially the Gulf of Guinea Latin America The world’s most important navies Deterrence, arms control, missile defense and WMD proliferation The Strategic Studies Division is led by Dr. -
The Arirang Mass Games of North Korea
Rudiger Frank: The Arirang Mass Games of North Korea. The Asia-Pacific Journal, Vol. 11, Issue 46, No. 2, December 2013, http://japanfocus.org The Arirang Mass Games of North Korea Rudiger Frank1 Purpose and focus Having grown up in East Germany, from early on I have been familiar with all kinds of mass performances, including organized parades, meetings, or so-called mass games or mass gymnastics. All of them involved large numbers of people, often in the thousands or tens of thousands. 2 The performances were characterized by a high level of synchronism and uniformity. They included music, artistic components, dancing and marching. They brimmed over with symbolism. The 대집단체조와 예술공연 아리랑 (Mass gymnastics and artistic performance Arirang), in the West usually known as Arirang Mass Games (henceforth Arirang) of the DPRK, or North Korea, thus do not strike me as particularly “breathtaking”, which seems to be the typical reaction of most visitors. This does not mean, however, that Arirang is less worth of our attention. Technically speaking, Arirang is a visual and acoustic artistic and gymnastics performance that takes place in a large stadium. It is said to involve 100,000 participants who either perform on stage or as “pixels” in a large “living” screen, a human canvas on which various images and slogans are shown. I look at Arirang as part of my attempts at understanding the North Korean system through the lens of its own public statements, often referred to as propaganda. I will thus not discuss the aesthetics or explore how the mass games relegate the individual to the role of a tiny piece in large machinery, how they suppress individuality and show that usefulness is only in the group. -
Seminar Paper Concerning
MASTERARBEIT Titel der Masterarbeit Political and Ideological Symbolism of Chinese and North Korean Propaganda Paintings Verfasser Ingomar Stöller, BA Angestrebter akademischer Grad Master of Arts (MA) Wien, Mai 2013 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 066 864 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Masterstudium Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ostasiens Betreuer: Prof. Dr. Rüdiger Frank “The empire of the future will be the empire of the mind” - Winston S. Churchill Acknowledgments First of all I would like to thank my parents Mag. Ronald and Silvia Stöller and my family for their constant support and trust in the course of my studies. I also want to thank Prof. Dr. Rüdiger Frank for not only giving me the chance to study such an interesting Master degree program, but also kindly supporting me in the course of writing my Master thesis. Moreover, I would like to thank my girlfriend Zhou Yuan and all of my truly invaluable friends, especially my old comrade from the army Michael Kruk, who contributed the IT skills I lacked in the course of creating this research paper. Finally, I also want to thank my good old coffee machine and my notebook, which served me reliably throughout my entire studies and thus are eventually granted the permission to retire. - 1 - Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Theoretical Framework 7 2.1. Political Framework 8 2.1.1. Political Systems in General 8 2.1.2. Political Systems in East Asia 12 2.1.3. Authoritarianism vs. Totalitarianism 16 2.1.4. Summary 24 2.2. Ideological Framework 24 2.2.1. Defining Propaganda 25 2.2.2.