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Exhibition Inscriptions
Photographs Prison/Concentration Camps Foreigners are closely followed at all times and are prohibited from leaving their hotels North Korea currently operates sixteen confirmed concentrations camps where up to at night. Photographs are only allowed in a small number of state-approved locations and 200,000 men, women and children are incarcerated. Some are the size of cities and mortality under no circumstances may they be taken of military personnel. In order to document real rates are high since prisoners are forced to perform dangerous slave work and are regularly life in North Korea, Daoust made use of a hidden shutter-release cable to take photographs tortured. Note: Many of those imprisoned are not guilty of any real crime: one man was sent secretly in the non-approved locations. to prison for ten years for absent-mindedly using a newspaper printed with a photograph of Kim Jong-Il to mop up a spilled drink. Pleasure Brigade Bicycles The Kippumjo or Gippeumjo (translated variously as Pleasure Squad, Pleasure Brigade or The late Kim Jong Il reportedly felt that the sight of a woman on a bike was potentially Joy Division) is an alleged collection of groups of approximately 2,000 women and girls dam-aging to public morality. It was the last straw when, in the mid nineties, the daughter of that is maintained by the head of state of North Korea for the purpose of providing pleasure, a top general was killed on a bike. From this point forward, the law has periodically banned mostly of a sexual nature, and entertainment for high-ranking Workers’ Party of Korea women from riding bicycles and they are generally restricted from holding driving licenses. -
North Korea, Apparel Production Networks and UN Sanctions: Resilience Through Informality
Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea Vol.23, No.4, 2020 (373-394) North Korea, Apparel Production Networks and UN Sanctions: Resilience through Informality Jong-Woon Lee*⋅Kevin Gray** 북한 의류 생산네트워크와 UN 제재 이종운*⋅케빈 그레이** Abstract: The strengthening of multilateral international sanctions against North Korea has raised questions as to how effective they are in exerting pressure on the country’s economy. In this paper, we address this question by examining their impact on the country’s integration into regional and global apparel production networks. North Korea has in the past decade become an increasingly competitive exporter of apparel on the basis of consignment-based processing arrangements. Official trade data shows a sharp drop in North Korean exports of clothing since the sectoral ban in 2017. There is evidence to suggest, however, that exports have continued on a more informal and clandestine basis. North Korea’s integration into apparel production networks has also taken the form of the dispatch of workers to factories in China’s northeastern border regions. Yet there is evidence that the recent sanctions imposed on such practices has similarly led to illicit practices such as working on visitors’ visas, often with the help of Chinese enterprises and local government. The resilience of North Korea’s integration into apparel production networks follows a capitalist logic and is result of the highly profitable nature of apparel production for all actors concerned and a correspondingly strong desire to evade sanctions. As such, the analysis contributes to the literature on sanctions that suggests that the measures may contribute to emergence of growing informal and illicit practices and to the role of the clandestine economy. -
Adam Cathcart, Christopher Green, and Steven Denney
Articles How Authoritarian Regimes Maintain Domain Consensus: North Korea’s Information Strategies in the Kim Jong-un Era Adam Cathcart, Christopher Green, and Steven Denney Te Review of Korean Studies Volume 17 Number 2 (December 2014): 145-178 ©2014 by the Academy of Korean Studies. All rights reserved. 146 Te Review of Korean Studies Pyongyang’s Strategic Shift North Korea is a society under constant surveillance by the apparatuses of state, and is a place where coercion—often brutal—is not uncommon.1 However, this is not the whole story. It is inaccurate to say that the ruling hereditary dictatorship of the Kim family exerts absolute control purely by virtue of its monopoly over the use of physical force. The limitations of state coercion have grown increasingly evident over the last two decades. State-society relations in North Korea shifted drastically when Kim Jong-il came to power in the 1990s. It was a time of famine, legacy politics, state retrenchment, and the rise of public markets; the state’s coercive abilities alternated between dissolution and coalescence as the state sought to co-opt and control the marketization process, a pattern which continued until Kim Jong-il’s death in 2011 (Kwon and Chung 2012; Hwang 1998; Hyeon 2007; Park 2012). Those relations have moved still further under Kim Jong- un.2 Tough Kim’s rise to the position of Supreme Leader in December 2011 did not precipitate—as some had hoped—a paradigmatic shift in economic or political approach, the state has been extremely active in the early years of his era, responding to newfound domestic appreciation of North Korea’s situation in both the region and wider world. -
Tenth Congress of the Youth League Held Glorious History of the Korean Children’S Union Scenery of the Taedong River, Yesterday and Today
Tenth Congress of the Youth League Held Glorious History of the Korean Children’s Union Scenery of the Taedong River, Yesterday and Today DEMOCRATIC PEOPLe’S REPUBLIC OF JUCHE 110 KOREA (2021) 6 (786) CONTENTS Qingtian Stone Sculpture Special Report 2 ∥ General Secretary Kim Jong Un Saw Plain Sailing Performance of Art Groups of KPA Officers’ Wives 4 ∥ General Secretary Kim Jong Un Had a Photo Session with Participants in the Tenth Congress of the Youth League 6 ∥ Tenth Congress of the Youth League Held Commemoration 12 12 ∥ Glorious History of the Korean Children’s Union 22 ∥ Scenes of June Etched in the History of World Diplomacy ∙ Promoting the DPRK-China Friendship to a Higher Level ∙ DPRK-China Friendship That Will Last Forever on the Road of Socialism ∙ Epoch-making Meeting Heralding a New Chapter of DPRK-US Relations 36 Korea Today 36 ∥ Scenery of the Taedong River, Yesterday and Today 42 ∥ June 1 International Children’s Day 44 ∥ Happy Children 52 ∥ Loud Whistles of School Train 56 ∥ 13 000 Hectares of Tideland Reclaimed 60 ∥ After a Day’s Work 66 ∥ Acrobatic Performance Full of Laughter and Optimism 44 Folklore & Culture 72 ∥ People Performing Traditional Mask Dance 78 ∥ Sustaining the Tradition of Manufacturing National Musical Instruments Sports 86 ∥ Pyongyang International Football School Gift presented to General Secretary Kim Jong Un by the then Nature State Councillor and Minister of Public Security of the 92 ∥ Mt Myohyang 72 People’s Republic of China (February 14, 2011) Editors: Sin Jae Chol, Kim Jong Chol, So Chol Nam, FRONT COVER: On a trip for nature study Kim Kyu Song, Sung Ryong Photo: Pang Un Sim, Hong Kwang Nam 1 2021. -
Christmas in North Korea
Christmas in North Korea Christmas in North Korea By Adnan I. Qureshi With contributions from Talha Jilani Asad Alamgir Guven Uzun Suleman Khan Christmas in North Korea By Adnan I. Qureshi This book first published 2020 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2020 by Adnan I. Qureshi All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-5054-0 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-5054-4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Contributors .............................................................................................. x Preface ...................................................................................................... xi 1. The Journey to North Korea ............................................................... 1 1.1. Introduction to the Korean Peninsula 1.2. Tour to North Korea 1.3. Introduction to The Pyongyang Times 1.4. Arrival at Pyongyang International Airport 2. Brief History ........................................................................................ 32 2.1. The ‘Three Kingdom’ and ‘Later Three Kingdom’ periods 2.2. Goryeo kingdom 2.3. Joseon kingdom 2.4. Japanese occupation 2.5. Complete Japanese control 2.6. Post-Japanese occupation 2.7. The Korean War 3. Contemporary North Korea .............................................................. 58 3.1. The first communist dynasty and its challenges 3.2. The changing face of the communist economic structure 3.3. Nuclear power 3.4. Rocket technology 3.5. Life amidst sanctions 3.6. Mineral resources 3.7. Mutual defense treaties 3.8. Governmental structure of North Korea 3.9. -
The Juche Tower in Pyongyang. Photo by Uwe Brodrecht, Used Under CC BY-SA 2.0 COMMENTARY: “WE MUST BE READY for REVENGE”: the REAL VALUE of CHILDHOOD in NORTH KOREA
The Juche Tower in Pyongyang. Photo by Uwe Brodrecht, used under CC BY-SA 2.0 COMMENTARY: “WE MUST BE READY FOR REVENGE”: THE REAL VALUE OF CHILDHOOD IN NORTH KOREA By Robert Huish Associate Professor, International Development Studies, Dalhousie University The Korean Children’s Union is not designed to nurture nor to inspire its members through friendship, camaraderie, or duty. It is meant to belittle, to intimidate, and to instill the belief that the supreme leader is all powerful. It rigorously instructs children that to be an individual is meaningless. No child is unique. Each one is just like the other. Replaceable, disposable, and ultimately? Worthless. Based on the testimony of numerous defectors, we know that North Korean children are told by the government to love the supreme leader more than their own parents. Mom and dad may be responsible for them day to day, but ultimately it is the leader who provides for them in every way. Sound cultish? It is. Juche, or “self reliance”, is North Korea’s official ideology meant to drive the nation towards true socialism. It is a deranged and maniacal cult of personality that convinces people not to think for themselves, but to think through the leader. Allons-y, Volume 3 | January 2019 23 It begins with nursery rhymes. There are two distinct kinds. The first gives fawning praise and boisterous credence to Kim Il Sung, the eternal leader of North Korea, along with his direct descendants Kim Jong Il, and Kim Jong Un. The second set of children’s songs are chalked full of lyrics about killing “Japanese dogs” and dismembering “American bastards”. -
Tradition and Legitimation in North Korea: the Role of the Moranbong Band
Article Tradition and Legitimation in North Korea: The Role of the Moranbong Band Pekka KORHONEN and Adam CATHCART The Review of Korean Studies Volume 20 Number 2 (December 2017): 7-32 ©2017 by the Academy of Korean Studies. All rights reserved. 8 The Review of Korean Studies Introduction North Korea continues to maintain its position in the global media spotlight, having attained an almost magnetic status more central than the size and wealth of the state would ostensibly warrant. Much of this has to do with the fact that it is both an agent and the target of continuous propaganda war, the Korean peninsula being one of the main theatres where the increasing military tension in East Asia is played out. Rounds of tightening multilateral and unilateral sanctions by the United Nations and individual states create continuous speculation of a possible collapse of the North Korean regime, but its staying power has been surprising over the decades. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) was officially founded in 1948, making it now 69 years old. There must be reasons why it does not easily collapse, and the usual propagandistic explanations of repression, surveillance, information control, and harsh punishments are not satisfactory as the sole reasons (Eberstadt 2013). Significant changes are taking place in the society. This is what observers of North Korean economy have been arguing already for years (Smith 2015, 260- 93; Lankov and Kim 2008; Lankov 2015), but changes are occurring also in the cultural sphere. North Korea as a distinct society already has traditions spanning over three generations, and with them the state has a proven order and a certain legitimacy, which helps in understanding its resilience even against the collective will of the rest of the world. -
04 Yong Seok Chang DOI.Indd
Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015): 65-85 doi: 10.18588/201505.000036 Research Article Revisiting Korea’s Northern Limit Line and Proposed Special Zone for Peace and Cooperation Yong Seok Chang This article examines the prospects for the realization of the agreement signed at the 2007 inter-Korean summit to transform the conflict-susceptible Northern Limit Line (NLL) in the West Sea into a border area where South and North Korea jointly promote peace and prosperity. To realize this agreement the two Koreas must integrate new ideas and plans by viewing the NLL as a space of common benefit rather than a line of military confrontation. The establishment of the West Sea Special Zone for Peace and Cooperation focuses on security and economic issues. Implementation of the agreement requires particular attention to development of a comprehensive plan, including promotion of ecological, environmental, historical, and cultural assets, as well as inter-Korean fishery cooperation. Keywords West Sea, Northern Limit Line (NLL), border area, peace settlement, common prosperity, regional cooperation Introduction The Northern Limit Line (NLL) in the West Sea (also called the Yellow Sea) and its surrounding areas has been a symbol of the precarious peace on the Korean Peninsula since the Korean War ended in 1953. Recurrent skirmishes between the naval forces of the two Koreas over the NLL have escalated tensions on the entire Korean Peninsula. The peace and stability of Northeast Asia would come under threat if the United States, an ally of South Korea (officially the Republic of Korea), were to become actively involved in this dispute. -
The Situation Further to Determine If External Assistance Is Needed
Information bulletin Democratic People’s Republic of Korea: Floods Information Bulletin n° 1 GLIDE n° FL-2013-000081-PRK 26 July 2013 Text box for brief photo caption. Example: In February 2007, the This bulletin is being issued for information Colombian Red Cross Society distributed urgently needed only, and reflects the current situation and materials after the floods and slides in Cochabamba. IFRC (Arial details available at this time. The 8/black colour) Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Red Cross Society (DPRK RCS), with the support of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) is assessing the situation further to determine if external assistance is needed. Since 12-22 July 2013, most parts of DPRK were hit by consecutive floods and landslides caused by torrential rains. As of 23 July, DPRK government data reports 28 persons dead, 2 injured and 18 missing. A total of 3,742 families have lost their houses due to total and partial destruction and 49,052 people have been displaced. Red Cross volunteers were mobilized for early Red Cross volunteers are distributing the relief items to flood affected people in Anju City, South Pyongan province. Photo: DPRK RCS. warning and evacuation, search and rescue, first aid service, damage and need assessment, and distribution of relief items. The DPRK RCS with the support of IFRC has released 2,690 emergency relief kits, including quilts, cooking sets, tarpaulins, jerry cans, hygiene kits and water purification tablets which were distributed to 10,895 beneficiaries in Tosan County, North Hwanghae province and Anju City, South Pyongan province. -
CBD Strategy and Action Plan
Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan DPRK ovata, Epimedium koreanum, Eleutherococcus Enticosus as medicinal; · Vitis amurensis, Actinidia argenta, Vaccinium uliginosum, Castanea crenata, Querecus sp._As nuts; · Spuriopinella calycina, Pteridium aquilinum, Osmunda japonica, Aralia elata, Platycodon grandifiorum as wild edible greens; · Trcholoma matsutake, 'Pleurotus ostreatus, P. cornucopiaen as mushroom resource; · Syringa dilatata, Thylgus quinque costatus, Agastache rugosa, Ledum palustre as spice plant. Endangered & rare species in Species inCITES Taxa DPRK Annexl Annex2 . Amphibian 9 Reptile 13 Aves 74 15 2 I Mammal 28 4 7 Total 124 19 28 As for forest wild animals with economic value, we can take Caprecolus caprecolus, Hydropotes inermis, Nemorhaedus goral, Sus scorfa, Lepus mandschuricus, Cervus nippon, Moschus moschiferus, Ursus thibetatnus, Meles meles, Nyctereutes procyonoides, Martes zibellina, Lutra lutra, Phsianus colchicus, Coturnix xoturnix, Tetrastes bonasia, Lyrurus tetrix. And in winter, ten thousands flocks of Anatidae fly along wetland at seaside of east and west seas. There distributed 185 species of fresh, brackish water and anadromous fishes including 65 species of Cyprinidae in freshwater. And are there 900 species of Disces and rich marine grasses and invertebrates with high industrial value such as Haliotis gigantea, Stichpus japonicus, Echinoidea, Erimaculus isenbeckii, Neptunus trituberculatus, Chionoecetes opilio in seawater of DPRK. In the KES, 329 species of Rhodophyta, 130 species of Rhaeophyta, 87 species of Chlorophta and in total 546 species of seaweeds are known. Among them, 309 species of seaweed have high economic values including 63 species with high medicinal value. 1.3 Threats to DPRK Biodiversity 1.3. L Threatened Status 1.3.1.1. Threatened status for ecosystem Destruction of ecosystems is being accelerated by natural disasters such as deforestation, soil erosion, deterioration of water quality, decrease of economic resources and also, flood. -
Dpr Korea 2019 Needs and Priorities
DPR KOREA 2019 NEEDS AND PRIORITIES MARCH 2019 Credit: OCHA/Anthony Burke Democratic People’s Republic of Korea targeted beneficiaries by sector () Food Security Agriculture Health Nutrition WASH 327,000 97,000 CHINA Chongjin 120,000 North ! Hamgyong ! Hyeson 379,000 Ryanggang ! Kanggye 344,000 Jagang South Hamgyong ! Sinuiju 492,000 North Pyongan Hamhung ! South Pyongan 431,000 ! PYONGYANG Wonsan ! Nampo Nampo ! Kangwon North Hwanghae 123,000 274,000 South Hwanghae ! Haeju 559,000 REPUBLIC OF 548,000 KOREA PART I: TOTAL POPULATION PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED 25M 10.9M 3.8M REQUIREMENTS (US$) # HUMANITARIAN PARTNERS 120M 12 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea targeted beneficiaries by sector () Food Security Agriculture Health Nutrition WASH 327,000 97,000 CHINA Chongjin 120,000 North ! Hamgyong ! Hyeson 379,000 Ryanggang ! Kanggye 344,000 Jagang South Hamgyong ! Sinuiju 492,000 North Pyongan Hamhung ! South Pyongan 431,000 ! PYONGYANG Wonsan ! Nampo Nampo ! Kangwon North Hwanghae 123,000 274,000 South Hwanghae ! Haeju 559,000 REPUBLIC OF 548,000 KOREA 1 PART I: TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I: COUNTRY STRATEGY Foreword by the UN Resident Coordinator 03 Needs and priorities at a glance 04 Overview of the situation 05 2018 key achievements 12 Strategic objectives 14 Response strategy 15 Operational capacity 18 Humanitarian access and monitoring 20 Summary of needs, targets and requirements 23 PART II: NEEDS AND PRIORITIES BY SECTOR Food Security & Agriculture 25 Nutrition 26 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) 27 Health 28 Guide to giving 29 PART III: ANNEXES Participating organizations & funding requirements 31 Activities by sector 32 People targeted by province 35 People targeted by sector 36 2 PART I: FOREWORD BY THE UN RESIDENT COORDINATOR FOREWORD BY THE UN RESIDENT COORDINATOR In the almost four years that I have been in DPR Korea Despite these challenges, I have also seen progress being made. -
I. Introduction
TRANSACTIONS ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY Korea Branch Volume 93 – 2018 1 COVER: The seal-shaped emblem of the RAS-KB consists of the following Chinese characters: 槿 (top right), 域 (bottom right), 菁 (top left), 莪 (bottom left), pronounced Kŭn yŏk Ch’ŏng A in Korean. The first two characters mean “the hibiscus region,” referring to Korea, while the other two (“luxuriant mugwort”) are a metaphor inspired by Confucian commentaries on the Chinese Book of Odes, and could be translated as “enjoy encouraging erudition.” SUBMISSIONS: Transactions invites the submission of manuscripts of both scholarly and more general interest pertaining to the anthropology, archeology, art, history, language, literature, philosophy, and religion of Korea. Manuscripts should be prepared in MS Word format and should be submitted in digital form. The style should conform to The Chicago Manual of Style (most recent edition). The covering letter should give full details of the author’s name, address and biography. Romanization of Korean words and names must follow either the McCune-Reischauer or the current Korean government system. Submissions will be peer- reviewed by two readers specializing in the field. Manuscripts will not be returned and no correspondence will be entered into concerning rejections. Transactions (ISSN 1229-0009) General Editor: Jon Dunbar Copyright © 2019 Royal Asiatic Society – Korea Branch Room 611, Christian Building, Daehangno 19 (Yeonji-dong), Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-736 Republic of Korea Tel: (82-2) 763-9483; Fax: (82-2) 766-3796; Email: [email protected] Visit our website at www.raskb.com TRANSACTIONS Volume 93 – 2018 Contents The Diamond Mountains: Lost Paradise Brother Anthony 1 Encouragement from Dongducheon 19 North Korean Fragments of Post-Socialist Guyana Moe Taylor 31 The Gyehu Deungnok Mark Peterson 43 “Literature Play” in a New World Robert J.