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Content Songs in Vanuatu 23 Flutes in Vanuatu 55 Content Author's Preface 8 The Research Area 8 Acknowledgements 9 Introduction 11 Terms in this Study 18 Musical Transcriptions 19 Map of Vanuatu 20 Songs in Vanuatu 23 Songs and Ancestors 23 Song Receivers on Tanna 24 Song Receivers in the Banks Islands 28 The Ancestral Power of Songs 30 Healing Songs 36 The Essence of the Power 38 The Song without a Sound 43 Songs for Love and Feelings 46 Resume on Songs 51 Flutes in Vanuatu 55 Notched Flutes 55 Notched Flutes of Ambrym 56 Construction of the Ambrym Notched Flute 56 Decoration of the Ambrym Notched Flute 59 The Sound of the Ambrym Notched Flute 62 Notched Flutes from Pentecost and Ambae 68 Notched Flutes from the Banks Islands 71 Notched Flutes from South Vanuatu 72 Side-blown Flutes 75 Shoulder Flutes 76 Double Flutes 77 Double Flutes on Ambae 79 Double Flutes on Ambrym 79 Vessel Flutes 82 Nose Flutes in Vanuatu? 85 Reflections on Tubular Flutes 86 The Flutes' Material 87 Number and Position of Finger Holes 87 Musical Consequence 88 Panpipes in Vanuatu 91 Raft Panpipes 91 Raft Panpipes in the South 91 Raft Panpipes on Futuna 92 http://d-nb.info/1023296330 Raft Panpipes on Tanna 93 The Tuning of the Raft Panpipes on Tanna 95 Raft Panpipes on Santo 96 Raft Panpipes on the Banks and Torres Islands 102 Raft Panpipes on Malakula 103 Raft Panpipes on Pentecost, Ambae and Maewo 104 Double Row Panpipes in Vanuatu 106 Bundle Panpipes in Vanuatu 107 Thoughts on Vanuatu Panpipes 112 Panpipe Ligatures 112 Panpipe Music 113 Rituals with Flutes and Panpipes 114 Flutes, Panpipes and Songs 115 Large Slit Drums in Vanuatu 119 The Carvings on the Standing Drums 119 Drum Carvings in North-East Malakula 120 Drum Carvings in Central and South Malakula 123 Drum Carvings in South-East Malakula 126 Drum Carvings on Ambrym 128 Ambrym Drums on the Ethno-Art Market 130 Drum Carvings on Paama and Epi 132 Drum Carvings on the Shepherd Islands 134 Drum Carvings on Efate 134 Resume on Drum Carvings 136 Manufacture and Setting Up of the Drums on Malakula and Ambrym 137 Cutting the Tree 137 Pulling the Drum 138 Carving the Drum 141 Setting Up of the Drum 142 The Setting of the Drum Ensemble 144 The Membranophone Timiatwos 146 Thoughts about the Origin of Timiatwos 151 Large Horizontal Slit Drums 153 Horizontal Slit Drums in the Banks Islands 153 Hand-held Slit Drums in the Banks Islands 155 Horizontal Slit Drums on Santo 156 Horizontal Slit Drums on Ambae, Pentecost and Maewo 158 Diffusion of Slit Drums in Vanuatu 159 The Acoustics of the Slit Drums 162 The Slit Drum: A Signal Instrument 164 Drum Languages in Melanesia? 166 Systems for Calling Individual People in Melanesia 168 Systems for Calling Individual People in Vanautu 169 Drum Messages in Vanuatu 177 Death Messages at Lamap 180 Death Messages on Pentecos Ambae and Maewo 181 Concluding Thoughts on the Acoustics of Slit Drums 182 Slit Drums in Ceremonies 183 Early Secret Societies in the Banks Islands 187 Dances with Headdresses in the Banks Islands 191 The Tamate Masks 194 The Snake Dance of Rah Island 196 Music in Ceremonies 201 Rom Ceremony on Ambrym 202 Nimangki Ceremony on Ambrym 203 The Drum's Function in the Nimangki Ceremony 206 The Grade-Taking Ceromonies in South-East Malakula 207 Songs for the Nimangki Ceremony at Lamap 210 Naluan Ceremonies in South-West Malakula 215 Drumming at Nontemes 216 Drumming at Nonbie 220 Nalengpass - Women's Ceremony in South Malakula 223 The Acoustic Presence of Ancestors: Tabu Sounds 225 Thoughts on Music in Grade-Taking Ceremonies on Malakula and Ambrym 228 Pigs and Mats 231 Grade-Taking Ceremonies in Central Pentecost 232 The Lengah Dance 236 The Havwa Dance 237 The Bua Sarisari Dance 237 The Sawagoro Dance 239 The Bolo Dance 240 Drumming at Grade-Taking Ceremonies on Ambae 241 Music at Grade-Taking Ceremonies on Ambae and Pentecost 243 Ceremonies in the South of Vanuatu 247 Circumcision of Boys on Tanna 248 Dance Performances at Circumcision Ceremonies 249 The Nupu Dances and Songs 249 The Nupu Dances of the Middle Bush 252 The Danis-Danis Dances 258 Thoughts on Nupu and Danis-Danis 259 Exchange Ceremonies in the South of Vanuatu 259 The Nieli on Tanna 259 Celebrating Jif and Peace: Nekowiar on Tanna 261 The Origin of Nekowiar 262 The Preparation of a Nekowiar 265 Nuehrapen - The Two Most Important Days 271 Menuk - Returning the Pigs 275 The Dances at Nekowiar 275 The Napen-Napen Dance 276 Costumes and Face Paintings 276 The Choreography of Napen-Napen 278 The Kaua Dance 280 The Toka Dance 280 The Host Dances 284 The Nao Dance 284 Other Dances of the Nao Side 286 Thoughts on Music and Dances at Nekowiar 286 Comparison of the Nekowiar and Nupu Dances 287 Exchange Ceremonies on Neighbouring Islands 290 Toka on Futuna 290 Nevsen on Erromango 292 Pilou-Pilou in New Caledonia 293 Sounds of Secrets: Conclusion 297 Songs 299 Musical Instruments 299 Dances with Masks and Headdresses 300 Ceremonies 300 Bibliography 305 .
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