Ocean Drilling Program Leg 134 Preliminary Report
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3. Quaternary Vertical Tectonics of the Central New Hebrides Island Arc1
Collot, J.-Y., Greene, H. G., Stokking, L. B., et al., 1992 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports, Vol. 134 3. QUATERNARY VERTICAL TECTONICS OF THE CENTRAL NEW HEBRIDES ISLAND ARC1 Frederick W. Taylor2 ABSTRACT Hundreds of meters of uplift of both the frontal arc and backarc characterize the late Quaternary vertical tectonic history of the central New Hebrides Island Arc. This vertical deformation is directly related to large, shallow earthquakes on the interplate thrust zone postulated on the basis of coral emergence data. This chapter presents evidence from the best documented and illustrated examples of uplifted coral reefs from the central New Hebrides Island Arc for the pattern and rates of vertical deformation caused by subduction of the d'Entrecasteaux Zone and the West Torres Massif over the past few 100 k.y. The pattern of vertical movement based on upper Quaternary coral reef terraces documents that the islands of Espiritu Santo, Malakula, Pentecost, and Maewo have risen hundreds of meters during the late Quaternary. This history suggests that the present pattern and rates of vertical deformation should be extrapolated back to at least 1 Ma, which would indicate that the total amount of structural and morphological modification of the arc during the present phase of deformation is more significant than previously assumed. The morphology of the central New Hebrides Island Arc may have resembled a more typical arc-trench area only 1-2 Ma. If the late Quaternary patterns and rates of vertical deformation have affected the central New Hebrides Island Arc since 1-2 Ma, then virtually all of the anomalous morphology that characterizes the central New Hebrides Island Arc can be attributed to the subduction of the d'Entrecasteaux Zone and the West Torres Massif. -
V07VUGO04 Project Officer
Project Officer - Language & Culture Malakula Kaljorol Senta (MKS) Lakatoro, Malakula Island, Vanuatu 24 months September 2008 - September 2010 The Malakula Kaljorol Senta (Malakula Cultural Centre) MKS is the only provincial branch of the main Vanuatu Cultural Centre based in Port Vila. Situated at the Provincial Centre at Lakatoro, Central Malekula the centre is very important and plays a very important role in preventing and preserving the cultures of the people of Malekula. It was established in 1991 to be the doorway and also, preserve and promote the cultures of Malekula. The main objectives for the Malakula Cultural Centre (MKS) are to: upgrade the custom and cultures of Malekula for the attraction of visitors and interested custom role from Malekula advertise the section headings based on MCC attach with the Vanuatu National Museum. collect and preserve artifacts of historical, customary and cultural importance used and practiced on the island of Malakula provide temperature and humidity control for the audio visual equipment. Tasks carried out by the Malakula Cultural Centre include: Carry out primary and secondary school visits Officer giving talks representing cultures in developing the Malampa REDI (5 years development plan). Page 1 of 4 Give assistance to researchers and other people sent by the Vanuatu Cultural Centre to do work on Malekula. To learn more visit the website at: http://www.vanuatuculture.org/ Need of language documentation and orthography development in communities in Malakula where there are not yet agreed orthographies Development of additional vernacular literacy materials and assistance in training teachers Support the Malakula Kaljoral Senta in the development of work plans and long-term plans Literacy manuals developed Establishment of vernacular literacy programs in Grade 1 in as many schools as possible in the Malampa province as per the Ministry of Education policy. -
Tanna Island - Wikipedia
Tanna Island - Wikipedia Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Tanna Island From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Coordinates : 19°30′S 169°20′E Tanna (also spelled Tana) is an island in Tafea Main page Tanna Contents Province of Vanuatu. Current events Random article Contents [hide] About Wikipedia 1 Geography Contact us 2 History Donate 3 Culture and economy 3.1 Population Contribute 3.2 John Frum movement Help 3.3 Language Learn to edit 3.4 Economy Community portal 4 Cultural references Recent changes Upload file 5 Transportation 6 References Tools 7 Filmography Tanna and the nearby island of Aniwa What links here 8 External links Related changes Special pages Permanent link Geography [ edit ] Page information It is 40 kilometres (25 miles) long and 19 Cite this page Wikidata item kilometres (12 miles) wide, with a total area of 550 square kilometres (212 square miles). Its Print/export highest point is the 1,084-metre (3,556-foot) Download as PDF summit of Mount Tukosmera in the south of the Geography Printable version island. Location South Pacific Ocean Coordinates 19°30′S 169°20′E In other projects Siwi Lake was located in the east, northeast of Archipelago Vanuatu Wikimedia Commons the peak, close to the coast until mid-April 2000 2 Wikivoyage when following unusually heavy rain, the lake Area 550 km (210 sq mi) burst down the valley into Sulphur Bay, Length 40 km (25 mi) Languages destroying the village with no loss of life. Mount Width 19 km (11.8 mi) Bislama Yasur is an accessible active volcano which is Highest elevation 1,084 m (3,556 ft) Български located on the southeast coast. -
Contemporary Traditions Museum Artefacts and Creativity in Vanuatu
Contemporary Traditions 4 Museum artefacts and creativity in Vanuatu The Nawita Association of Contemporary Artists in Vanuatu: only those with natal affiliations, Haidy Geismar was officially established in 1989 with sculptor or in some instances, those who have been Emmanuel Watt as President and painter Sero properly initiated, are entitled to reproduce the Institution not given????? Kuautonga as Vice-President. From the outset, customary resources belonging to any particular Introduction: Collecting during fieldwork the association was Francophile, supported by place. However, in the case of contemporary L’Atelier Gallery, founded in 1985 by Suzanne ni-Vanuatu artists the creative use of customary In 2000, just before leaving for Vanuatu to on the production, collection and presentation 1 Kastom is Bastien, a long-term French resident of Vanuatu. imagery or motifs using non-traditional media undertake doctoral research, I was awarded of two kinds of object, from two very different the Bislama The constitution was initially written in French, is permitted. This connection of traditional (national pidgin a small collections grant by the University places: contemporary art made by members affirming a free membership, open to expatriates imagery and non-traditional media is at the English) term of Cambridge Museum of Archaeology and of the Nawita artists association based in the and ni-Vanuatu alike, the primary condition being heart of the definition of contemporary art used broadly Anthropology (UCMAA). The making of this capital of Vanuatu, Port Vila, and two customary that the association must hold a yearly exhibition. (see Cochrane 1997). It therefore stands that in Vanuatu collection was to form an explicit part of my headdresses made in the village of Lamap, The first showing of the association was held changes and concerns within the material to describe research: a study of the work of the Vanuatu Southern Malakula (North-Central Vanuatu). -
The Prehistory of Santo
in BOUCHET P., LE GUYADER H. & PASCAL O. (Eds), The Natural History of Santo. MNHN, Paris; IRD, Marseille; PNI, Paris. 572 p. (Patrimoines naturels; 70). THE PREHISTORY OF SANTO Jean-Christophe Galipaud … The first Oceanians between islands and thank to seafaring techniques At present, Archaeology considers that discovery of which allowed crossing at sight. There is a strong the Pacific region by Man was performed through correlation between the distribution of the Papuan two main distinct processes. The first one took languages and this very ancient colonisation. place during the Pleistocene and had concerned the Australian continent, New Guinea and the close The marine gap between the Santa Cruz Islands archipelagos joined up by the past in a single conti- and the smaller archipelagos of Vanuatu and further nental landmass called Sahul. The second one began east to the Fiji Islands was only crossed about 3 200 around the fourth millennium BP and ended with the years ago, when nautical knowledge enabled deep- discovery of the Pacific Islands followed by human sea navigation. This natural border in the Santa settlement. The first sea crossing from South East Cruz Islands divides Near Oceania, inhabited for at Asia to Sahul took place 80 000 years ago, maybe least 30 000 years from Remote Oceania (Fig. 538). earlier. Human presence is attested 40 000 years ago in New Guinea, and 10 000 years later in the The discovery of Remote Oceania archipelagos, Bismarck Archipelago islands, east of New Guinea. as far as Samoa and Tonga,was performed by very This first settlement, which developed slowly, has small mobile groups ultimately from Southeast allowed man to reach the Solomon Islands up to Asia who appeared in the Bismarck Archipelago Guadalcanal, thank to past existing natural bridges islands about 3 500 years ago and quickly spread 469 .. -
The Archaeology of Vanuatu: Lapita to Later Cultural Transformations (3000
Cultural homogeneity and linguistic diversity: evidence from the Islands of northeast Malakula, Vanuatu Stuart Bedford The Australian National University/MPI-SHH MPI-SHH Lapita settlement of the Pacific associated with Austronesian expansion speaking Proto- Oceanic. C. 3000 BP. Very initial colonisation aDNA indicates genetically Asian groups. Small sample and human remains are very rare. Almost 300 sites but a handful of sites with human remains. 30 Lapita sites found throughout the Vanuatu archipelago. Initially thought as marginal but sites where hard to find due to uplift and volcanic ashfall. Lapita vessel, Teouma site, Efate Whole range of vessel forms often with anthropomorphic motifs Rapid simplification in design motif and range of vessel forms Lapita period: rapid simplification along with diversification Distinctive NE Malakula Lapita While regional diversification is occurring there is still evidence of contact. Zigzag motif and shell impression Immediately Post-Lapita Erromango (2800BP), south Vanuatu. Pottery production ends in the south c.2000BP Immediately Post-Lapita Efate/Shepherds. Pottery production on Efate ends c. 1200 BP Immediately Post-Lapita Malakula to c. 2300 BP. Pottery production continues here and in much of the north till European contact. Islands of northeast Malakula all less than 2km sq. Subject to uplift and tephra-fall Atchin Wala Rano Excavations on Uripiv, Wala, Atchin and Vao. Well preserved sites that represent 3000 years occupation. Almost identical stratigraphy and archaeological deposits Lapita vessels from Uripiv and Vao. Associated with first arrival but already regionally distinctive vessel forms and design motifs • Lapita occupation on the beach then 1000 years of occupation in similar zone • Coral gravel imported from 2300 BP acting as free draining surface • Massive Ambrym eruption c. -
Status of Sandalwood Resources in Vanuatu
this Fact Finding Mission, coordinated research and develop- Status of Sandalwood ment programs will be established in Vanuatu with ICARD's 1 participation. Resources in Vanuatu A Smallholder Sandalwood Extension planting program is being proposed but would not eventuate until the department is Leonard Bule Godfrey Daruhi2 fully equipped with the expertise the implement the program successfully. Demonstration plots will be established prior to this extension program on islands where sandalwood occurs. Abstract: On eight islands of Vanuatu archipelago, sandalwood stands have The objective here is to attract landowners' interests and been heavily exploited since the late 1800's. Because of the over-exploitation, acquire the necessary techniques before developing the program which worried the Vanuatu Government, a moratorium was imposed in early on a smallholder scale. An extension policy has yet to be decided 1987. The status of the valuable wood and the beginnings of research into one of the country's potential commodities are reviewed. on by the Department of Forestry, which may extend the current moratorium on cutting of sandalwood for another 5 years after January 1, 1991. Sandalwood is one of the most common commodities in The possibility of establishing a Market Unit in the near future Vanuatu and has been valued by people who own the trees as a within the department is our consideration. The objective is to direct sources of cash. This valuable commodity has been identify, monitor, and advise on potential markets in the country extensively cut throughout the country from the early 1800's and overseas for all forest products expected from existing and until 1987, when a 5-year moratorium was imposed to ban the proposed Industrial Forest Plantations and any developed exploitation of this valuable resource in the country. -
Stone Men of Malekula on Malakula: an Ethnography of an Ethnography
Stone Men of Malekula on Malakula: An Ethnography of an Ethnography Haidy Geismar New York University, USA abstract This article examines the resonances of the voluminous ethnography, ‘Stone Men of Malekula’ (SMM) in contemporary Vanuatu. Anthropological research is politically charged in Vanuatu, in part because of how the weighty materiality of archival forms exercise significant local authority. However, alongside respect for this ‘evidential’ material is a healthy scepticism of anthropological authority. SMM, written by the maverick anthropologist John Layard in 1942 (based on fieldwork in 1914 –15), has returned to Vanuatu in many guises over the years. It is used as formal evidence in land disputes and as a bone of contention within competing claims. Tracing the ways in which culture is written, read and materialized, exposes the paradoxes of knowledge and politics not only within anthropological critique but in Vanuatu villages. keywords Ethnographic representation, text, materiality, evidence, Vanuatu his article describes some engagements between contemporary Mala- kulans (islanders from Malakula, part of the South Pacific archipelago Tof Vanuatu) and the production of anthropological knowledge, as mediated by the form and content of a single, particularly voluminous, eth- nography. Stone Men of Malekula (SMM ), published by British anthropologist and analytic psychologist John Layard in 1942, is based on fieldwork in the Small Islands and Mainland of North-East Malakula in 1914–15 and focuses primarily on the social and ritual configurations of the Small Island of Vao (Fig. 1). Today, smm is both a primary cultural resource and a highly conten- tious source of knowledge for many Small Islanders, its reach extending onto the mainland and beyond, into networks of Malakulans living in Vanuatu’s capital, Port Vila. -
Introduction
Introduction Art and Commodity in Vanuatu On arrival in a small boat at the village of Fona, in North Ambrym, for the fi rst time in August 2009, I was immediately confronted with a black sand beach piled up with the typical North Ambrymese slit-drums and bwerang, or tree fern fi gures, to be shipped off , in that case to Paris, France. Such a scene sums up quite accurately what I came to study in Vanuatu. So, was it really going to be this easy, or was I just very lucky to have come at this particular moment? As it turned out, it was going to be both easy and diffi cult at the same time. North Ambrym is indeed very much still piled up with slit-drums (the easy part), but, as I later learned, most of them do not get sold so easily as was the case that one evening when I arrived for the fi rst time (the not so easy part). In turn, this pro- vided opportunities to investigate why local people in North Ambrym today still produce slit-drums and what really happens to them if they are not shipped off to the West a er some time. I say “a er some time” because, ideally, drums stand in North Am- brym villages or on beaches of yacht anchorages such as that of Nobul, just north of Fona, or sometimes in their rightful place, on a har or rit- ual ground away from the villages, because they need to age, or at least look old, before they are sold and shipped off to Australia, Europe, or the United States. -
Profitable Environmental Protection (Pep) Project
PROFITABLE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (PEP) PROJECT Q UARTERL Y REPORT A u A AL,,t , Secelht,, 199 ANN UAL S UMMAR Y PROFITABLE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (PEP) PROJECT Table of Contents Report for the Quarter July, August, September 1993 Summary.................................................. 1 Next Quarter's WorK .................................. 2 Problems and Proposed Responses ........................ 3 Status of Interventions................................. 3 Chronology.............................................. 5 FSP Headquarters Activity.............................. 19 Documentation .......................................... 19 Appendix I - Status of Interventions ............... 21 Appendix II - Report: First Round of ............... 32 Consultations in Lolihor Appendix III - Report: Wild Yam Cultivation ......... 49 in Vanuatu Appendix IV - Report: Meeting of Political ......... 90 Leaders Appendix V - Transcript: Carpoxylon ............... 103 Macrospermum, Tape of "One World" Radio Show, Radio Australia Appendix VI - Trip Report: Papua New Guinea ........ 111 Appendix VII - Trip Report: Kingdom of Tonga ........ 121 Appendix VIII - Paper: Ethnobotany and Changing ...... 130 Land Use in North Ambrym, Vanuatu Appendix IX - Report: Nature Based Tourism .... 139 North Ambrym Appendix X - Paper: The Profitable ................ 162 Environmental Protection Project: Will Conservation Pay Its Own Way? Annual Summary, Fiscal Year 1993 Annual Summary ........................................ 170 PROFITABLE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION -
Locator Guide for Islands in the Primary Island Set
Locator Guide for Islands in the Primary Island Set 873 894 806 883 805 884 807 804 808 819 809 793 811 792 818 794 791 817 812 790 872 816 813 810 789 815 814 782 781 802 788 801 787 778 780 800 803 786 799 785 779 798 784 777 774 797 783 776 773 796 795 775 772 771 770 769 766 765 768 764 767 762 763 761 759 760 758 757 756 693 755 696 754 697 698 694 For use with Professional Paper 1590, Habitat and Environment of Islands— Primary and Supplemental Island Sets, by N.C. Matalas and Bernardo F. Grossling U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Plate 1 island locator. Islands ordered alphabetically by name Identification Location Identification Location Island name ID Latitude Longitude Island name ID Latitude Longitude No. No. Abd al Kuri 347 12.20°N 52.22°E Aoga Shima 859 32.47°N 139.77°E Acklins 135 22.43°N 73.97°W Art 693 19.72°S 163.65°E Adak 604 51.75°N 176.75°W Aruba 202 12.50°N 69.97°W Adelaide 684 67.25°S 68.50°W Ascension 212 7.95°S 14.37°W Afognak 617 58.25°N 152.50°W Assumption 356 9.75°S 46.50°E Agattu 598 52.43°N 173.60°E Astipálaia 338 10.10°S 47.75°E Agrihan 847 18.77°N 145.67°E Astove 359 36.58°N 26.33°E Aguijan 838 14.85°N 145.57°E Asuncion 848 19.67°N 145.40°E Aitutaki 911 18.87°S 159.75°W Atiu 912 20.03°S 158.12°W Aíyina 306 37.73°N 23.50°E Atka 606 52.12°N 174.50°W Akamaru 925 23.18°S 134.92°W Attu 597 52.92°N 172.92°E Akutan 612 54.12°N 165.92°W Auckland 705 50.67°S 166.50°E Al Masirah 345 20.42°N 58.83°E Aukena 926 23.13°S 134.90°W Alamagan 845 17.60°N 145.83°E Austvagøya 66 68.33°N 14.60°E Åland 1 -
Nnn Objects As Archives of a Disrupted Past the Lengnangulong Sacred Stone from Vanuatu in France, Revisited
nnn Objects as Archives of a Disrupted Past The Lengnangulong Sacred Stone from Vanuatu in France, Revisited Hugo DeBlock n ABSTRACT: Objects that were estranged from ex-colonies and are now kept in overseas museums serve as archives of the past, a past largely disrupted by colonialism. For Vanuatu, some objects of cultural heritage that are kept in museums have been recently reconnected to their original places, lineages, and even individual owners. TheLeng nangulong sacred stone of Magam Village in North Ambrym is one such object, even though it is only one example in a rich tradition of carved sacred stones. As alienated and contested property in Vanuatu, Lengnangulong is kept and exhibited in the Pavillon des Sessions of the Louvre Museum in Paris, which is a contested exhibition space in itself. Here, I provide an update on discussions regarding ownership and kopiraet (Indigenous copyright) that have been accelerating in Vanuatu in recent years and on claims for repatriation of this important valuable. n KEYWORDS: art, cultural property, Lengnangulong, museums, repatriation, Vanuatu The material culture and arts of Vanuatu and wider Melanesia were subject to the collecting frenzies of the so-called “Museum Age” or the “Expedition Period” of anthropology (roughly the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries) and, as a result, are now kept in museums around the world (e.g., O’Hanlon and Welsch 2000). Ethnologists and early anthropologists ventured out into “the field” for brief intervals, collecting “facts”—and objects—much in the sense that a butterfly collector collects butterflies, returning to their armchairs soon after and using artifacts to deduce knowledge of the “visited” culture.