DOCSLIB.ORG

Languages of Vanuatu a New Survey and Bibliography

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Languages of Vanuatu a New Survey and Bibliography Languages of Vanuatu A new survey and bibliography Lynch, J. and Crowley, T. Languages of Vanuatu: A new survey and bibliography. PL-517, xiv + 187 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 2001. DOI:10.15144/PL-517.cover ©2001 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. Also in PacificLinguistics Lois Carrington, 1996, A linguistic bibliography of the New Guinea area. Lois Carrington and Geraldine Triffitt, 1999, OZBIB: a linguistic bibliography of Aboriginal Australia and the Torres Strait Islands. Ross Clark, 1998, A dictionary of the Mele language (Atara Imere), Vanuatu. Terry Crowley, 1999, Ura: a disappearing language of southern Vanuatu. Terry Crowley, 2000, An Erromangan (Sye) dictionary. John Lynch, 2000, A grammar of Anejom. John Lynch, 2001, The linguistic history of southern Vanuatu. John Lynch and Philip Tepahae, 2001, Anejom dictionary Diksonari blong Anejom / / Nitasviitai a nijitas antas Anejom. Pacific Linguistics is a publisher specialising in grammars and linguistic descriptions, dictionaries and other materials on languages of the Pacific, the Philippines, Indonesia, Southeast and South Asia, and Australia. Pacific Linguistics, established in 1963 through an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund, is associated with the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies at The Australian National University. The Editorial Board of Pacific Linguistics is made up of the academic staff of the School's Department of Linguistics. The authors and editors of Pacific Linguistics publications are drawn from a wide range of institutions around the world. Publications are refereed by scholars with relevant expertise who are usually not members of the editorial board. The 470 publications before Publication 501 were numbered in four series, A, B, C and D, but the series were merged from the beginning of the year 2000 because the rationale for them had gradually disappeared. FOUNDING EDITOR: Stephen A. Wurm EDITORIAL BOARD: Malcolm D. Ross and Darrell T. Tryon (Managing Editors), I Wayan Arka, John Bowden, Andrew Pawley, Paul Sidwell Pacific linguistics 517 Languages of Vanuatu A new survey and bibliography John Lynch and Terry Crowley Pacific Linguistics Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies The Australian National University Published by Pacific Linguistics Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia Copyright The authors © First published 2001 National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: John Lynch Languages of Vanuatu : a new survey and bibliography Bibliography Includes index ISBN 0 85883 469 3 1. Austronesian language. 2. Vanuatu - Languages. 3. Vanuatu - Languages - Bibliography. Crowley, Terry. 1. II. The Australian National University. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies. II. Title. (Pacific Linguistics 517). 499.5 Copyedited by Basil Wilson Typeset by Jeanette Coombes Printed and bound by Union Offset Printers Table of contents List af maps xi Preface xii 1 Introduction 1.1 The languages of Vanuatu 1.1.1 Language numbers 1 1.1.2 Populations 4 1.1.3 Maps 6 1.1.4 Writing systems 8 1.2 Bibliographical information 10 1.2.1 Inclusions and exclusions 10 1.2.2 Organisation 11 1.2.3 Placenames and language names 13 1.3 Current state of knowledge: a summary 14 1.3.1 Language list 14 1.3.2 Relationships of Vanuatu languages 19 21 2 General and comparative studies 2.1 Surveys, collections and bibliographies 21 2.1.1 Surveys 21 2.1.2 Collections 23 2.1.3 Bibliographies 24 2.2 Social aspects of language 25 2.2.1 Language and society 25 2.2.2 Language policy 26 2.2.3 Language and education 27 2.2.4 English and French in Vanuatu 28 2.3 Historical-comparative studies 29 2.3.1 Early or peripheral studies 29 2.3.2 Classification and subgrouping 29 2.3.3 Language and culture-history 31 v vi 2.3.4 Phonological and morphophonemic reconstruction 32 2.3.5 Grammatical reconstruction and change 33 2.3.6 Lexical reconstruction 33 2.4 Typological-comparative studies 34 35 3 Vernacular languages 3.1 Torres Islands 35 3.1.1 Hiw 36 3.1.2 Loh 36 3.1.3 Summary 36 3.2 Banks Islands 37 3.2.1 Ureparapara 37 (a) Lehali 38 (b) Lehalurup 39 3.2.2 Mwotlav 39 3.2.3 Vera'a 40 3.2.4 Vures 40 3.2.5 Mota 40 3.2.6 Nume 42 3.2.7 Lakona 42 3.2.8 South Gaua 42 3.2.9 Merlav 43 3.2.10 Summary 43 3.3 Espiritu Santo and Malo 43 3.3.1 Tamambo 46 3.3.2 Tutuba 47 3.3.3 Mafea 47 3.3.4 Shark Bay 47 3.3.5 Sakao 48 3.3.6 Tolomako 49 3.3.7 Cape Cumberland 49 (a) Vunapu 50 (b) Piamatsina 50 (c) Valpei 50 (d) Nokuku 50 (e) Tasmate 51 3.3.8 Wusi 51 3.3.9 Southwest Santo 51 (a) Akei 52 (b) Wailapa 52 (c) Tangoa 52 (d) Araki 53 vii 3.3.10 Central Santo 53 (a) Merei-Tiale 54 (b) Okula 54 (c) Other varieties (Navele, Tiai) 55 3.3.11 Mores 55 3.3.12 Kiai 55 3.3.13 South-Central Santo 56 (a) Morouas 56 (b) Amblong 56 (c) Narango 56 3.3.14 Southeast Santo 56 (a) Butmas-Tur 57 (b) Polonombauk 57 (c) Tambotalo 57 3.3.15 Moribund and extinct languages (Aore) 57 3.3.16 Summary 58 3.3.17 Immigrant languages 58 3.4 Ambae 59 3.4.1 Duidui 59 3.4.2 Northeast Ambai 61 3.4.3 Summary 61 3.5 Maewo 62 3.5.1 Suflwadia 62 3.5.2 Suflwadaga 62 3.5.3 Baetora 63 3.5.4 Moribund and extinct languages (South Maewo) 63 3.5.5 Summary 63 3.5.6 Immigrant languages 63 3.6 Pentecost 64 3.6.1 Raga 64 3.6.2 Apma 66 3.6.3 Seke 66 3.6.4 Sa 67 3.6.5 Summary 67 3.7 Malakula 67 3.7.1 Lendamboi 71 3.7.2 Ninde 73 3.7.3 Sinesip 74 3.7.4 Naha'ai 74 3.7.5 Nasvang 75 3.7.6 Axamb 75 3.7.7 Avok 75 viii 3.7.8 Maskelynes 75 3.7.9 Port Sandwich 76 3.7.10 Nisvai 77 3.7.11 Banam Bay 77 3.7.12 Aulua 77 3.7.13 Unua-Pangkumu 78 3.7.14 Navava 79 3.7.15 Nevwervwer 79 3.7.16 Dirak 80 3.7.17 Northeast Malakula 80 3.7.18 Vao 82 3.7.19 Mpotovoro 82 3.7.20 Vovo 82 3.7.21 Malua Bay 82 3.7.22 V'enen Taut 82 3.7.23 Larevat 83 3.7.24 Neve'ei 83 3.7.25 Moribund and extinct languages 84 (1) Nasarian 84 (2) A veteian 84 (3) Nati 85 (4) Navwien 85 (5) Sorsorian 86 (6) Mbwenelang 86 (7) Surua Hole 86 (8) Bangsa' 86 (9) Umbrul 86 (10) Niviar 87 (11) Nivat 87 (12) Naman 87 (13) Lombal 88 (14) Tape 88 (15) Matanvat 89 3.7.26 Summary 89 3.7.27 Immigrant languages 90 3.8 Ambrym 92 3.8.1 Southeast Ambrym 92 3.8.2 South Ambrym 93 (a) Dakaka 93 (b) Port Vato 94 3.8.3 West Ambrym 94 3.8.4 North Ambrym 96 ix 3.8.5 Moribund and extinct languages (Orkon) 96 3.8.6 Summary 97 3.9 Paama and Lopevi 97 3.9.1 Paamese 97 3.9.2 Summary 99 3.10 Epi 100 3.10.1 Lewo 100 3.10.2 Lamen 103 3.10.3 Bierebo 103 3.10.4 Baki 103 3.10.5 Mkir 104 3.10.6 Moribund and extinct languages 105 (1) Bieria 105 (2) Ianigi 105 (3) Iakanaga 105 (4) Livara 106 (5) Revaliu 106 3.10.7 Summary 106 3.10.8 Immigrant languages 106 (1) Paamese 106 (2) Nakanamanga and Namakir 107 (3) East Malakula 107 3.11 Efate and the Shepherd Islands 107 3.11.1 Ifira-Mele 109 3.11.2 South Efate 111 3.11.3 N akanamanga 112 3.11.4 Namakir 115 3.11.5 Emae 116 3.11.6 Summary 117 3.11.7 Immigrant languages 118 (1 Tanna languages (Blacksands) 118 ) (2) Southeast Ambrym (Mele-Maat) 118 (3) Bislama (Saama) 118 (4) Kiribati (Forari) 118 3.12 Erromango 118 3.12.1 Erromangan (incl. Sorug/Sye and Enyau/Yocu) 120 3.12.2 Moribund and extinct languages 123 (1) Ura (incl. Uravat and Novulamleg) 124 (2) Utaha 125 3.12.3 Summary 125 3.13 Tanna 125 3.13.1 North Tanna 127 x 3.13.2 Lenakel 127 3.13.3 Whitesands 128 3.13.4 Southwest Tanna 129 3.13.5 Kwamera 129 3.13.6 Summary 131 3.13.7 Immigrant languages 132 3.14 Futuna and Aniwa 132 3.14.1 Futuna-Aniwa 132 3.14.2 Summary 135 3.15 Aneityum 135 3.15.1 Anejoffi 135 3.15.2 Summary 137 3.15.3 Immigrant languages (Futuna-Aniwa) 138 4 Bislama 139 4.1 Reference 139 4.2 Pedagogical materials 140 4.3 Descriptive phonology and grammar 141 4.4 Sociolinguistic works 142 4.5 Historical works 143 4.6 Theoretical works 146 4.7 Significant publications in Bislama 146 Bibliography 148 Appendix: research guidelines 172 Index 179 Listo/maps Map 1 : Languages with over 5,000 speakers 7 Map 2: Best-documented languages 16 Map 3: Torres Islands 35 Map 4: Banks Islands 38 Map 5: Espiritu Santo and Malo 45 Map 6: Ambae, Maewo and Pentecost 60 Map 7: Actively spoken languages on Malakula 71 Map 8: Population shifts on south Malakula 72 Map 9: Extinct and moribund Malakula languages 85 Map 10: Ambrym, Paama, Lopevi and Epi 91 Map 11: Efate and the Shepherd Islands 108 Map 12: Pre-contact distribution of languages on Erromango 120 Map 13: Present-day distribution of the Erromangan language 121 Map 14: Tanna 126 Map 15: Futuna, Aniwa and Aneityum 132 xi Preface Vanuatu is one of the world's 'richest' countries.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Geothermal Resources in the Pacific Islands: Potential for Power Generation to Benefit Indigenous Communities
    PROCEEDINGS, Thirty-Sixth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Stanford University, Stanford, California, January 31 - February 2, 2011 SGP-TR-191 GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES IN THE PACIFIC ISLANDS: THE POTENTIAL OF POWER GENERATION TO BENEFIT INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES Alex J. McCoy-West1,2, Sarah Milicich1, Tony Robinson3, Greg Bignall1 and Colin C. Harvey1 1GNS Science, Wairakei Research Centre, Private Bag 2000, Taupo 3352, New Zealand [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2Research School of Earth Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia [email protected] 3Ministry of Research, Science and Technology, Wellington 6145, New Zealand [email protected] ABSTRACT resource utilisation, with a prioritisation list of Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, Samoa, Tonga and Northern The nations and territories of the southwest Pacific Mariana Islands selected for detailed investigation, depend greatly on imported fossil fuels for electricity with recommendations for future pre-feasibility generation, and have interest in utilising their geoscientific exploration, risk evaluation (i.e. for renewable energy resources (including their untapped resource capacity, hazard and financial modelling), geothermal resources) for cost effective power and assessment for small (including “off-grid”) plant production and direct-use applications. As part of the development. (Fiji, New Caledonia and Solomon international Energy Development in Island Nations Islands were identified as having high-moderate (EDIN) programme, the New Zealand Ministry of potential, but were not considered for further study). Research, Science and Technology commissioned GNS Science in 2009 to review the geothermal activity, socio-economic climate and energy demand INTRODUCTION profile of 20 selected Pacific Island nations and Geothermal energy is an under exploited resource territories, with our findings detailed in this paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Vanuatu Mission, Nambatu, Vila, Vanuatu
    Vanuatu Mission, Nambatu, Vila, Vanuatu. Photo courtesy of Nos Terry. Vanuatu Mission BARRY OLIVER Barry Oliver, Ph.D., retired in 2015 as president of the South Pacific Division of Seventh-day Adventists, Sydney, Australia. An Australian by birth Oliver has served the Church as a pastor, evangelist, college teacher, and administrator. In retirement, he is a conjoint associate professor at Avondale College of Higher Education. He has authored over 106 significant publications and 192 magazine articles. He is married to Julie with three adult sons and three grandchildren. The Vanuatu Mission is a growing mission in the territory of the Trans-Pacific Union Mission of the South Pacific Division. Its headquarters are in Port Vila, Vanuatu. Before independence the mission was known as the New Hebrides Mission. The Territory and Statistics of the Vanuatu Mission The territory of the Vanuatu Mission is “Vanuatu.”1 It is a part of, and reports to the Trans Pacific Union Mission which is based in Tamavua, Suva, Fiji Islands. The Trans Pacific Union comprises the Seventh-day Adventist Church entities in the countries of American Samoa, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, Niue, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu. The administrative office of the Vanuatu Mission is located on Maine Street, Nambatu, Vila, Vanuatu. The postal address is P.O. Box 85, Vila Vanuatu.2 Its real and intellectual property is held in trust by the Seventh-day Adventist Church (Vanuatu) Limited, an incorporated entity based at the headquarters office of the Vanuatu Mission Vila, Vanuatu. The mission operates under General Conference and South Pacific Division (SPD) operating policies.
    [Show full text]
  • ISSN: 0023-1959 Vol. 34 No. 1, 2016
    Language & Linguistics in Melanesia Vol. 34 No. 1, 2016 ISSN: 0023-1959 Journal of the Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea ISSN: 0023-1959 Vol. 34 No. 1, 2016 www.langlxmelanesia.com www.langlxmelanesia.com www.langlxmelanesia.com Language & Linguistics in Melanesia Vol. 34 No. 1, 2016 ISSN: 0023-1959 An Account of Possession in Larevet Julie Barbour University of Waikato [email protected] Abstract This paper presents a first analysis of the Larevet language of central Malakula, Vanuatu, focusing on its possessive system. I locate the analysis within the literature on possession in the Oceanic language family broadly, seeking to understand how the synchronic system re- lates to both typological understandings within the family, and the possessive system recon- structed for Proto Oceanic. Drawing on a corpus of communicative and elicited language as evidence, I demonstrate that Larevet displays many features of a canonical Oceanic language, and that where changes have occurred, these align well with observations of possession in related languages of Malakula. Keywords: Malakula, Larevet, Possession, Oceanic, Alienability 1. Introduction The Larevet language (also referred to as Laravat, Larë vat and Larevat) is spoken in a village of the same name, on the northwestern coast of Malakula Island in Vanuatu. Unpublished data from the 2009 census puts the population of Larevet at 244.1 The village is gradually transitioning to Bislama as the dominant language of communication. The community is in- volved in the early phases of a long-term language documentation project, and I have under- taken brief periods of field work with Larevet speakers from 2013 onwards.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 3: Finding Aid for Vanuatu Material in Scotland
    ReviewReview ofof PacificPacific Collections in Scottish Museums Appendix 3: Finding Aid for Vanuatu Material in Scotland Produced as part of Pacific Collections in Scottish Museums: Unlocking their knowledge and potential project 2013-2014. For full information and resources visit www.nms.ac.uk/pacific Artefacts and Archives relating to Vanuatu in public repositories in Scotland (United Kingdom) This finding aid has been compiled as a result of a preliminary survey of Pacific Collections in Scottish Museums undertaken between April 2013 and December 2014. The review scoped the extent of Pacific collections in Scotland and identified key strengths and resources for future research. It also compiled Collections Level Descriptions for each regional island group and to highlight significance. The review was undertaken as a partnership across four museums in Scotland with significant or extensive collections from the Pacific region. These partners were National Museums Scotland (Edinburgh); Glasgow Museums; Perth Museum and Art Gallery and Aberdeen University Museums. Each of these museums hold collections from Vanuatu that have clear associations with islands or regions in Vanuatu and relate to well known Scottish missionaries. How to use this finding aid This finding aid provides an overview of Ni-Vanuatu artefact collections in Scotland and where possible related archives or photographs. The following list provides the names of key individuals through which the collections were acquired. The finding aid enables an initial overview of collections and resources and provides contact details for each of the major museums and libraries so that requests for further information can be made. The finding aid should also be used in conjunction with Excel spreadsheets and photographs of artefacts also deposited with the National Archives of Vanuatu.
    [Show full text]
  • Bislama Informational Report
    Rhode Island College M.Ed. In TESL Program Language Group Specific Informational Reports Produced by Graduate Students in the M.Ed. In TESL Program In the Feinstein School of Education and Human Development Language Group: Bislama Author: Melissa Schuessler Program Contact Person: Nancy Cloud ([email protected]) By: Melissa Schuessler TESL 539 Spring 2011 Where is Bislama Spoken? Bislama is widely spoken in Vanuatu, which is an independent republic located in the southwest Pacific, between Fiji and Australia, with a population of about 170,000. http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/oceania/vu.htm Bislama Language Facts With more than 100 local languages in Vanuatu, along with English and French, Bislama (Pidgin English) is used as a vital communication tool. It allows the 40% who were educated in French to talk to the 60% who were educated in English. There are about 6,200 native speakers of Bislama, and 200,000 people who speak it as a second language. The language exists with only 2500 words (English and French each have more than 35,000 words). Source: http://www.hawaii.edu/satocenter/langnet/definitions/bislama.html Bislama is a Dialect of: Melanesian Pidgin Some other dialects of Melanesian Pidgin are: . Tok Pisin, spoken in Papua New Guinea . Pijin, spoken in the Solomon Islands Only in Vanuatu is the language of Bislama declared by the constitution to be the national language. Source: http://www.hawaii.edu/satocenter/langnet/definitions/bislama.html Vocabulary: The major lexifier for Bislama is English, with words such as brij for ‘bridge’ and buluk for ‘cow’ (from bullock).
    [Show full text]
  • Bridging Constructions in Typological Perspective Valérie Guérin James Cook University Grant Aiton James Cook University
    Chapter 1 Bridging constructions in typological perspective Valérie Guérin James Cook University Grant Aiton James Cook University In this chapter, we undertake a cross-linguistic examination of bridging construc- tions, which we define as the sequence of two clauses: the first clause (called theref- erence clause) ends a discourse unit, the second clause (called the bridging clause) typically repeats the first clause at the beginning of a new discourse unit. Based on published language data and data from the volume, we identify three differ- ent types of constructions subsumed under the label bridging construction (§2 and §3): recapitulative linkage, summary linkage, and mixed linkage. They differ in the form that the bridging clause takes on: broadly speaking, verbatim lexical recapit- ulation of the reference clause; a light verb summarizing the reference clause; or a mix of these two strategies. Because bridging constructions lie at the interface of discourse and syntax, we dedicate §4 to explaining their discourse functions. Amid the cross-linguistic variation, we found two recurrent discourse functions: empha- sizing sequentiality and cohesively structuring discourse. Finally, we establish a list of questions to guide the documentation of these linguistic patterns. 1 Preliminaries While reference grammars and the typological literature have a long tradition de- scribing syntactic phenomena within a clause, cross-linguistic research beyond the level of the clause, especially the role that clause-level phenomena play in discourse structure, is comparatively scarce. This volume presents a case study Valérie Guérin & Grant Aiton. 2019. Bridging constructions in typological perspective. In Valérie Guérin (ed.), Bridging constructions, 1–44. Berlin: Lan- guage Science Press.
    [Show full text]
  • Buninga Emae Makira Mataso
    MA025 Tongariki TONGOA Population: 415 Households: 83 Houses damaged: 83 1 Aid post damaged 1 School (1 classroom) destroyed EWOSE 2 church buildings destroyed Medical Many cases of diarrhoea, vomiting and eye infections Light injuries due to debris Action Taken (as of 20 Mar 2015 - AM) FALEA S Basic medical supplies delivered ° 7 1 Required Needs ! ⛳⛡⛳☍ ! ! Medical, water, food, shelter TO!NGARIKI ! Tongariki ! ! ⛳☍! ! BUNI! NGA Buningia Makimae Population: 120 EMAE Households: 31 Houses damaged: 27 1 School damaged 1 Aid post destroyed 2 Community houses destroyed 1 Shop destroyed Medical Eye infections Light injuries due to debris No diarrhoea as they are boiling water. Makura SHEFA Action Taken Population: 161 60 litres of water delivered Households: 32 Houses damaged: 9 Required Needs 1 School damaged Medication, shelter, water, food 2 Church destroyed ⛳⛡!⛳☍ Medical MAKIRA 1 injury but no further information General sickness Some children treated with flu like symptoms Action Taken (as of 21 Mar 2015 - AM) 20 litres of water delivered Some children treated for flu like symtoms Required Needs No food, water or shelter Mataso Population: 111 Households: 37 Houses damaged: 37 Serious injury: 13 Dead: 2 1 Aid post destroyed 1 School (2 Classrooms) damaged 2 Church destroyed Medical Some diarrhoea Many light injuries due to debris that are being to get infected 3 injuries requirering medical care. One of these has been evacutaed by assessment team, 2 still require evacuation MATASO - MATAH ALAM Action Taken (as of 20 Mar 2015 - AM) ⛳☍! 20 litres of water delivered Some injuries treated and some medicine supplied FITIMASUN ROCK Required Needs Shelter - there is almost no shade, water and psycho-social support ´ 168°30'E Map shows a summary of Settlements the initial assessment, the Points of Interest 3.5 0 3.5 City ⛳⛘ action taken and the needs Health Facilities km Town required by the islands.
    [Show full text]
  • The Position of Enggano Within Austronesian
    7KH3RVLWLRQRI(QJJDQRZLWKLQ$XVWURQHVLDQ 2ZHQ(GZDUGV Oceanic Linguistics, Volume 54, Number 1, June 2015, pp. 54-109 (Article) 3XEOLVKHGE\8QLYHUVLW\RI+DZDL L3UHVV For additional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/ol/summary/v054/54.1.edwards.html Access provided by Australian National University (24 Jul 2015 10:27 GMT) The Position of Enggano within Austronesian Owen Edwards AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Questions have been raised about the precise genetic affiliation of the Enggano language of the Barrier Islands, Sumatra. Such questions have been largely based on Enggano’s lexicon, which shows little trace of an Austronesian heritage. In this paper, I examine a wider range of evidence and show that Enggano is clearly an Austronesian language of the Malayo-Polynesian (MP) subgroup. This is achieved through the establishment of regular sound correspondences between Enggano and Proto‒Malayo-Polynesian reconstructions in both the bound morphology and lexicon. I conclude by examining the possible relations of Enggano within MP and show that there is no good evidence of innovations shared between Enggano and any other MP language or subgroup. In the absence of such shared innovations, Enggano should be considered one of several primary branches of MP. 1. INTRODUCTION.1 Enggano is an Austronesian language spoken on the southernmost of the Barrier Islands off the west coast of the island of Sumatra in Indo- nesia; its location is marked by an arrow on map 1. The genetic position of Enggano has remained controversial and unresolved to this day. Two proposals regarding the genetic classification of Enggano have been made: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Can Insurance Play a Role? Volcano Risk in Vanuatu: Can Insurance Play a Role? 2 Figure 1: Maps of Ambae Disaster Response, Phases 2 and 3
    MAY 2018 Mount Yasur Volcano on Tanna Island in Vanuatu Credit: Kate Humble/Red Vanuatu Volcano Risk in Vanuatu Can Insurance Play a Role? Overview of Volcanic Risk in Vanuatu Vanuatu has 83 islands, most of which are volcanic. There are total of 16 volcanoes in Vanuatu, of which six are active and ten are dormant. Since the 1600s, the major recorded eruptions resulted in substantial changes to Vanuatu’s land formation and migration. This includes fatalities and permanent resettlements either within the island or to other islands. The most recent volcanic eruptions on record since 1995 are: Manaro Voui on Ambae in 2017, 2005 and 1995; Yasur volcano on Tanna in 2016 and 1998, Benbow and Marum on Ambrym Island and Gaua in 2010 and 2009. (See Table 1) Table 1: Recent volcanic eruptions in Vanuatu (1995 – 2017) Name of Name of Alert No. of People Year Government Response / Fiscal Impact / International Aid Island Volcano Level Affected (Est.) 1995 Ambae Manaro Voui 2 French aid for scientific assesment worth US$19,000 (VT 2,000,000) n/a Ban is placed on accessing areas surrounding the volcano; communities are evacuated 1998 Tanna Yasur 3 7,000 and is funding by the government and development partners 2001 Lopevi Lopevi 3 Government provides funds for scientific assessment - US$4,703 (VT 500,000) 200 Government funds scientific assessment and expenses to distribute humanitarian 2003 Lopevi Lopevi 3 500 relief - US$47,000 (VT 5,000,000) Government funds scientific assessment and humanitarian relief for 5,000 people - 2005 Ambae Manaro Voui 3
    [Show full text]
  • Bislama Into Kwamera: Code-Mixing and Language Change on Tanna (Vanuatu)
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ScholarSpace at University of Hawai'i at Manoa Vol. 1, No. 2 (December 2007), pp. 216–239 http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc/ Bislama into Kwamera: Code-mixing and Language Change on Tanna (Vanuatu) Lamont Lindstrom University of Tulsa People throughout Vanuatu frequently mix Bislama (that country’s national Pidgin) into their vernaculars. Extensive code-mixing is an obvious indicator, and sometime cause, of language change or even language replacement. This paper discusses several sorts of Bislama code-mixing on Tanna among speakers of that island’s Kwamera language. It assesses levels and kinds of Bislama use in four village debates, tape-recorded in 1982 and 1983. Among other uses, Kwamera speakers mix Bislama when interjecting, reiterating, reporting speech, neutralizing marked vernacular terms, and qualifying what they say. The paper concludes with some remarks on the phonological, morphological/syntactic, and lexical/semantic consequences of recurrent language mixing—on how Islanders’ insertions of Bislama into their oratorical and everyday talk may or may not be effecting linguistic change in Kwamera. Bislama, so far at least, has enriched more than it has impoverished Tanna’s linguistic ecology. Speakers’ frequent Bislama mixes have not yet seriously undermined their vernacular. 1. INTRODUCTION. On the island of Tanna, Vanuatu, many people say that they don’t speak their language the way they used to. This language is Kwamera—or, to give it its local name, Nɨninɨfe1 or Nɨfe (Lindstrom 1986; Lindstrom and Lynch 1994). Around 3,500 people living along Tanna’s southeastern coasts speak Kwamera.
    [Show full text]
  • VANUATU the Impact of Cyclone Pam
    VANUATU The impact of Cyclone Pam Cyclone Pam – considered the worst natural disaster in the history of Vanuatu and the deadliest in the South Pacific since 2012 – made landfall on the 13th of March of 2015. The islands of Erromango, Tanna and Shepherd Islands which were directly on the path of the cyclone were among the most affected. Food Security Cluster Cyclone Pam impact maps & analysis Purpose of the assessment Purpose of the assessment The current report describes the impact of Acknowledgement Cyclone Pam throughout Vanuatu. Specifically, it reports on the cyclone’s impact WFP thanks the following for making and path to recovery in the areas of: available time and rapid field assessment reports on which this analysis is based: 1) Agriculture and livelihoods 2) Food needs NDMO 3) Housing UNDAC 4) Markets Women’s business and community 5) Health representatives of Port Vila. Peace Corps The report is designed to serve as a tool to Butterfly trust enable stakeholder/expert discussion and OCHA derive a common understanding on the ADF current situation. Food Security Cluster Samaritan’s Purse The report was compiled by: Siemon Hollema, Darryl Miller and Amy Chong (WFP) 1 Penama Cyclone Pam impact Sanma Cyclone Pam is the most powerful cyclone to ever hit the Southern Pacific. It formed near the Solomon Islands on the 6 March 2015 and traversed through Malampa several other island nations, including Solomon Islands, Kiribati and Tuvalu. On 13 March 2015, it strengthened to a Category 5 storm over the y-shaped chain of islands which make up Vanuatu. Vanuatu took multiple direct hits over 13 Mar 2015 the islands of Efate (where the capital Port Vila is 270km/h winds sustained situated), Erromango and Tanna Island.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Arts & Humanities
    Journal of Arts & Humanities Volume 09, Issue 10, 2020: 40-48 Article Received: 06-10-2020 Accepted: 19-10-2020 Available Online: 29-10-2020 ISSN: 2167-9045 (Print), 2167-9053 (Online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.18533/jah.v9i10.1990 The Codification of Native Papuan Languages in the West Papua Province: Identification and Classification of Native Papuan Languages Warami Hugo1 ABSTRACT This study aims to discuss how regional languages as the local language of Indigenous Papuans (OAP) in West Papua Province can be codified at this time or at least approach the ideal situation identified and classified by the State (government), so that local languages can be documented accurately and right. Starting from the idea that the extinction of a language causes the loss of various forms of cultural heritage, especially the customary heritage and oral expressions of the speaking community. There are two main problems in this study, namely: (1) Identification of the regional language of indigenous Papuans in West Papua Province, and (2) Classification of regional languages of indigenous Papuans in West Papua Province. This study uses two approaches, namely (1) a theoretical approach and (2) a methodological approach. The theoretical approach is an exploration of the theory of language documentation, while the methodological approach is a descriptive approach with an explanative dimension. This study follows the procedures of (1) the data provision stage, (2) the data analysis stage, and (3) the data analysis presentation stage. The findings in this study illustrate that the languages in West Papua Province can be grouped into four language groups, namely (1) Austronesian phylum groups; (2) West Papua phylum group; (3) Papuan Bird Head phylum group; and (4) the Trans West Papua Phylum Group.
    [Show full text]