Rating the Audience: the Business of Media

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Rating the Audience: the Business of Media Balnaves, Mark, Tom O'Regan, and Ben Goldsmith. "Bibliography." Rating the Audience: The Business of Media. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2011. 256–267. Bloomsbury Collections. Web. 2 Oct. 2021. <>. Downloaded from Bloomsbury Collections, www.bloomsburycollections.com, 2 October 2021, 14:23 UTC. Copyright © Mark Balnaves, Tom O'Regan and Ben Goldsmith 2011. You may share this work for non-commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher, and provide a link to the Creative Commons licence. Bibliography Adams, W.J. (1994), ‘Changes in ratings patterns for prime time before, during, and after the introduction of the people meter’, Journal of Media Economics , 7: 15–28. Advertising Research Foundation (2009), ‘On the road to a new effectiveness model: Measuring emotional responses to television advertising’, Advertising Research Foundation, http://www.thearf.org [accessed 5 July 2011]. Andrejevic, M. (2002), ‘The work of being watched: Interactive media and the exploitation of self-disclosure’, Critical Studies in Media Communication , 19(2): 230–48. Andrejevic, M. (2003), ‘Tracing space: Monitored mobility in the era of mass customization’, Space and Culture , 6(2): 132–50. Andrejevic, M. (2005), ‘The work of watching one another: Lateral surveillance, risk, and governance’, Surveillance and Society , 2(4): 479–97. Andrejevic, M. (2006), ‘The discipline of watching: Detection, risk, and lateral surveillance’, Critical Studies in Media Communication , 23(5): 392–407. Andrejevic, M. (2007), iSpy: Surveillance and Power in the Interactive Era , Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. Andrews, K. and Napoli, P.M. (2006), ‘Changing market information regimes: a case study of the transition to the BookScan audience measurement system in the US book publishing industry’, Journal of Media Economics , 19(1): 33–54. Ang, I. (1991), Desperately Seeking the Audience , London: Routledge. Ang, I. (1996), Living Room Wars: Rethinking Media Audiences for a Postmodern World , London and New York, NY: Routledge. Arbitron (2008), ‘Planning and buying radio advertising in a PPM world’, Abitron, http://www.arbitron.com/downloads/arbitron2008mediaplan.pdf. Arlen, M.J. (1980), Thirty Seconds , New York, NY: Farrar, Straus & Giroux. Atkinson, C. (2009), ‘Nielsen rival – real or ruse?’, Broadcasting and Cable , 20 August. Austin, B.A. (1989), Immediate Seating: A Look at Movie Audiences , Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Australian Associated Press (2005), ‘Fairfax buys online dating service’, Sydney Morning Herald , 11 July. Bakker, G. (2003), ‘Building knowledge about the consumer: the emergence of market research in the motion picture industry’, Business History , 45(1): 101–127. Balnaves, M. (2010), ‘Media measurement and using media research’, in P.J. Kitchen (ed.), Integrated Marketing Communications: Addressing the Challenges and How to Measure ROI , London: Palgrave Macmillan. Balnaves, M. and Caputi, P. (2001), Introduction to Quantitative Research Methods , London: Sage. Balnaves, M. and O’Regan, T. (2002), ‘The ratings in transition: the politics and technologies of counting’, in M. Balnaves, T. O’Regan and J. Sternberg (eds), Mobilising the Audience , St Lucia, Queensland: University of Queensland Press, 29–64. Balnaves, M. and O’ Regan, T. (2008), ‘Constructing an audience ratings convention’, Paper presented at the ANZCA 08 Conference, Power and Place, Wellington, New Zealand. Balnaves, M. and Varan, D. (2002), ‘Beyond exposure: Interactive television and the new media currency’, Media International Australia , 105: 95–104. Balnaves, M., O’Regan, T. and Sternberg, J. (eds), Mobilising the Audience , St Lucia, Queensland: University of Queensland Press, 29–64. Banks, M.J. (1981), ‘A history of broadcast audience research in the United States, 1920–1980, with an emphasis on the rating services’, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN. [ 256 ] BBOOK.indbOOK.indb 225656 007/10/117/10/11 111:471:47 AAMM Bibliography [ 257 ] Barker, M. (1998), ‘Film audience research: making a virtue out of a necessity’, Iris , 26: 131–47. Barnathan, J. (1964), ‘The business of research’, in Yale Roe (ed.), Television Station Management: The Business of Broadcasting , New York, NY: Hastings House, 171–80. Barnes, B.E. and Thomson, L.M. (1988), ‘The impact of audience information sources on media evolution’, Journal of Advertising Research , 28(5): RC9–RC14. Barnes, B.E. and Thomson, L.M. (1994), ‘Power to the people (meter): Audience measurement technology and media specialization’, in J.S. Ettema and D.C. Whitney (eds), Audiencemaking: How the Media Create the Audience , Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 75–94. Barnouw, E. (1978), The Sponsor: Notes on a Modern Potentate , New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Barwise, P. and Ehrenberg, A. (1988), Television and its Audience , London: Sage. Beam, R. (1995), ‘How newspapers use readership research’, Newspaper Research Journal , 16(2): 28–38. Berkowitz, D. and Allen, C. (1996), ‘Exploring newsroom views about consultants in local TV: the effect of work roles and socialization’, Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media , 40(4): 447–59. Bermejo, F. (2007), The Internet audience: Constitution and measurement , New York, NY: Peter Lang. Bernt, J.P., Fee, F.E., Gifford, J. and Stempel III, G.H. (2000), ‘How well can editors predict reader interest in news?’, Newspaper Research Journal , 21(2): 2–10. Beville Jr, H.M., (1940), ‘The ABCDs of radio audiences’, Public Opinion Quarterly , 4(2): 195–206. Beville Jr, H.M. (1988), Audience Ratings: Radio, Television, Cable , Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Bielby, W.T. and Bielby, D.D. (1994), ‘“All hits are fl ukes”: Institutionalized decision making and the rhetoric of network prime-time program development’, American Journal of Sociology , 99(5): 1287–313. Bodey, M. (2008), ‘Ratings system for the future’, Australian , 20 March. Bogart, L. (1956), ‘Media research: A tool for effective advertising’, Journal of Marketing , 20(4): 347–55. Bogart, L. (1957), ‘Opinion research and marketing’, Public Opinion Quarterly , 27(1): 129–40. Bogart, L. (1958), The Age of Television: A Study of Viewing Habits and the Impact of Television on American Life , 2nd edition, London: Crosby Lockwood & Son. Bogart, L. (1966), ‘Is it time to discard the audience concept?’, Journal of Marketing , 30: 47–54. Bogart, L. (1967), Strategy in Advertising , New York, NY: Harcourt, Brace & World. Bogart, L. (1969), ‘Where does advertising research go from here?’ Journal of Advertising Research , 9(1): 3–12. Bogart, L. (1972a), The Age Of Television: A Study Of Viewing Habits And The Impact Of Television On American Life , 3rd edition, New York, NY: F. Ungar. Bogart, L. (1972b), Silent Politics: Polls and the Awareness of Public Opinion , New York, NY: Wiley-Interscience. Bogart, L. (1976), ‘Mass advertising: The message, not the measure’, Harvard Business Review , September/October: 107–116. Bogart, L. (1986a), Strategy in Advertising: Matching Media and Messages to Markets and Motivations , 2nd edition, Lincolnwood, IL: NTC Business Books. Bogart, L. (1986b), ‘What forces shape the future of advertising research?’, Journal of Advertising Research , 26(1): 99–104. Bogart, L. (1986c), ‘Progress in advertising research?’, Journal of Advertising Research , 26(3): 11–15. Bogart, L. (1989), Press and Public: Who Reads What, When, Where, and Why in American Newspapers , 2nd edition, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Bogart, L. (2000a), Commercial Culture: The Media System and the Public Interest , New Brunswick, NJ, and London: Transaction. Bogart, L. (2000b), ‘Buying services and the media marketplace’, Journal of Advertising Research , September–October: 37–41. BOOK.indb 257 07/10/11 11:47 AM [ 258 ] Bibliography Bogart, L. (2003), Finding Out: Personal Adventures in Social Research – Discovering What People Think, Say, and Do , Chicago, IL: Ivan R. Dee. Bogart, L. (2005), Over the Edge: How the Pursuit of Youth by Marketers and the Media Has Changed American Culture , Chicago, IL: Ivan R. Dee. Bonner, F. (2003), Ordinary Television: Analyzing Popular TV , London: Sage. Born, G. (2002), ‘Refl exivity and ambivalence: Culture, creativity and government in the BBC’, Cultural Values , 6(1): 65–90. Borneman, E. (1947), ‘The public opinion myth’, Harper’s , July: 30–40. Bortner, B. (2008), ‘Professional survey takers: Still a threat! How to reduce corruption risk from voracious online survey takers, Forrester Research, http://www.forrester.com/rb/Research/professional_survey_takers_still_threat!/q/id/44514/t/2 [accessed 6 July 2011]. Bourdieu, P. (1993), ‘Public opinion does not exist’, in P. Bourdieu (ed.), Sociology in Question , London: Sage. Bourdon, J. and Méadel, C. (2011), ‘Inside television audience measurement: Deconstructing the ratings machine’, Media, Culture & Society , July. Braverman, H. (1974), Labour and Monopoly Capital , New York, NY: Monthly Review Press, 144–5. Breyer, J. and Zuckerberg, M. (2005), ‘From Harvard to the Facebook’, Stanford, CA: Stanford Technology Ventures Program, http://itunes.apple.com/us/itunes-u/entrepreneurial-thought-leaders/id384233886 [accessed 7 July 2011]. Briggs, A. (1995), A History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom , vols I–V, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Broadbent, S.R. (1966), ‘Media planning and computers by 1970’, Applied Statistics , 15: 234–56. Brooks, T., Gray, S. and Dennison, J. (2010), ‘The state of set-top box viewing data as of December 2009’, Report to the
Recommended publications
  • Hybrid Online Audience Measurement Calculations Are Only As Good As the Input Data Quality
    People First: A User-Centric Hybrid Online Audience by John Brauer, Manager, Product Leadership, Measurement Model Nielsen Overview As with any media measurement methodology, hybrid online audience measurement calculations are only as good as the input data quality. Hybrid online audience measurement goes beyond a single metric to forecast online audiences more accurately by drawing on multiple data sources. The open question for online publishers and advertisers is, ‘Which hybrid audience measurement model provides the most accurate measure?’ • User-centric online hybrid models rely exclusively on high quality panel data for audience measurement calculations, then project activity to all sites informed by consumer behavior patterns on tagged sites • Site-centric online hybrid models depend on cookies for audience calculations, subject to the inherent weaknesses of cookie data that cannot tie directly to unique individuals and their valuable demographic information • Both hybrid models assume that panel members are representative of the universe being measured and comprise a base large enough to provide statistical reliability, measured in a way that accurately captures behavior • The site-centric hybrid model suffers from the issue of inaccurately capturing unique users as a result of cookie deletion and related activities that can result in audience measurement estimates different than the actual number • Rapid uptake of new online access devices further exacerbates site-centric cookie data tracking issues (in some cases overstating unique browsers by a factor of five) by increasing the likelihood of one individual representing multiple cookies Only the user-centric hybrid model enables a fair comparison of audiences across all web sites, avoids the pitfall of counting multiple cookies versus unique users, and employs a framework that anticipates future changes such as additional data sets and access devices.
    [Show full text]
  • Putting National Party Convention
    CONVENTIONAL WISDOM: PUTTINGNATIONAL PARTY CONVENTION RATINGS IN CONTEXT Jill A. Edy and Miglena Daradanova J&MC This paper places broadcast major party convention ratings in the broad- er context of the changing media environmentfrom 1976 until 2008 in order to explore the decline in audience for the convention. Broadcast convention ratings are contrasted with convention ratingsfor cable news networks, ratings for broadcast entertainment programming, and ratings Q for "event" programming. Relative to audiences for other kinds of pro- gramming, convention audiences remain large, suggesting that profit- making criteria may have distorted representations of the convention audience and views of whether airing the convention remains worth- while. Over 80 percent of households watched the conventions in 1952 and 1960.... During the last two conventions, ratings fell to below 33 percent. The ratings reflect declining involvement in traditional politics.' Oh, come on. At neither convention is any news to be found. The primaries were effectively over several months ago. The public has tuned out the election campaign for a long time now.... Ratings for convention coverage are abysmal. Yet Shales thinks the networks should cover them in the name of good cit- izenship?2 It has become one of the rituals of presidential election years to lament the declining television audience for the major party conven- tions. Scholars like Thomas Patterson have documented year-on-year declines in convention ratings and linked them to declining participation and rising cynicism among citizens, asking what this means for the future of mass dem~cracy.~Journalists, looking at conventions in much the same way, complain that conventions are little more than four-night political infomercials, devoid of news content and therefore boring to audiences and reporters alike.4 Some have suggested that they are no longer worth airing.
    [Show full text]
  • Blacks Reveal TV Loyalty
    Page 1 1 of 1 DOCUMENT Advertising Age November 18, 1991 Blacks reveal TV loyalty SECTION: MEDIA; Media Works; Tracking Shares; Pg. 28 LENGTH: 537 words While overall ratings for the Big 3 networks continue to decline, a BBDO Worldwide analysis of data from Nielsen Media Research shows that blacks in the U.S. are watching network TV in record numbers. "Television Viewing Among Blacks" shows that TV viewing within black households is 48% higher than all other households. In 1990, black households viewed an average 69.8 hours of TV a week. Non-black households watched an average 47.1 hours. The three highest-rated prime-time series among black audiences are "A Different World," "The Cosby Show" and "Fresh Prince of Bel Air," Nielsen said. All are on NBC and all feature blacks. "Advertisers and marketers are mainly concerned with age and income, and not race," said Doug Alligood, VP-special markets at BBDO, New York. "Advertisers and marketers target shows that have a broader appeal and can generate a large viewing audience." Mr. Alligood said this can have significant implications for general-market advertisers that also need to reach blacks. "If you are running a general ad campaign, you will underdeliver black consumers," he said. "If you can offset that delivery with those shows that they watch heavily, you will get a small composition vs. the overall audience." Hit shows -- such as ABC's "Roseanne" and CBS' "Murphy Brown" and "Designing Women" -- had lower ratings with black audiences than with the general population because "there is very little recognition that blacks exist" in those shows.
    [Show full text]
  • EFAMRO / ESOMAR Position Statement on the Proposal for an Eprivacy Regulation —
    EFAMRO / ESOMAR Position Statement on the Proposal for an ePrivacy Regulation — April 2017 EFAMRO/ESOMAR Position Statement on the Proposal for an ePrivacy Regulation April 2017 00. Table of contents P3 1. About EFAMRO and ESOMAR 2. Key recommendations P3 P4 3. Overview P5 4. Audience measurement research P7 5. Telephone and online research P10 6. GDPR framework for research purposes 7. List of proposed amendments P11 a. Recitals P11 b. Articles P13 2 EFAMRO/ESOMAR Position Statement on the Proposal for an ePrivacy Regulation April 2017 01. About EFAMRO and ESOMAR This position statement is submitted In particular our sector produces research on behalf of EFAMRO, the European outcomes that guide decisions of public authorities (e.g. the Eurobarometer), the non- Research Federation, and ESOMAR, profit sector including charities (e.g. political the World Association for Data, opinion polling), and business (e.g. satisfaction Research and Insights. In Europe, we surveys, product improvement research). represent the market, opinion and In a society increasingly driven by data, our profession ensures the application of appropriate social research and data analytics methodologies, rigour and provenance controls sectors, accounting for an annual thus safeguarding access to quality, relevant, turnover of €15.51 billion1. reliable, and aggregated data sets. These data sets lead to better decision making, inform targeted and cost-effective public policy, and 1 support economic development - leading to ESOMAR Global Market Research 2016 growth and jobs. 02. Key Recommendations We support the proposal for an ePrivacy Amendment of Article 8 and Recital 21 to enable Regulation to replace the ePrivacy Directive as research organisations that comply with Article this will help to create a level playing field in a true 89 of the General Data Protection Regulation European Digital Single Market whilst increasing (GDPR) to continue conducting independent the legal certainty for organisations operating in audience measurement research activities for different EU member states.
    [Show full text]
  • Nickelodeon's Groundbreaking Hit Comedy Icarly Concludes Its Five-Season Run with a Special Hour-Long Series Finale Event, Friday, Nov
    Nickelodeon's Groundbreaking Hit Comedy iCarly Concludes Its Five-season Run With A Special Hour-long Series Finale Event, Friday, Nov. 23, At 8 P.M. (ET/PT) Carly Shay's Air Force Colonel Father Appears for First Time in Emotional Culmination of Beloved Series SANTA MONICA, Calif., Nov. 14, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Nickelodeon's groundbreaking and beloved hit comedy, iCarly, which has entertained millions of kids and made random dancing and spaghetti tacos pop culture phenomenons, will end its five- season run with an unforgettable hour-long series finale event on Nickelodeon Friday, Nov. 23, at 8 p.m. (ET/PT) . (Photo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20121114/NY13645 ) In "iGoodbye," Spencer (Jerry Trainor) offers to take Carly (Miranda Cosgrove) to the Air Force father-daughter dance when their dad, Colonel Shay, isn't able to accompany her because of his overseas deployment. When Spencer gets sick and can't take her, Freddie (Nathan Kress) and Gibby (Noah Munck) try to cheer Carly up by offering to go with her. Colonel Shay surprises everyone when he arrives just in time to take Carly to the dance. When they return from their wonderful evening together, Carly is disappointed to learn her dad must return to Italy that evening and she is faced with a very difficult decision. "iCarly has been a truly definitional show that was the first to connect the web and TV into the fabric of its story-telling, and we are so very proud of it and everyone who worked on it," said Cyma Zarghami, President, Nickelodeon Group.
    [Show full text]
  • Big Data and Audience Measurement: a Marriage of Convenience? Lorie Dudoignon*, Fabienne Le Sager* Et Aurélie Vanheuverzwyn*
    Big Data and Audience Measurement: A Marriage of Convenience? Lorie Dudoignon*, Fabienne Le Sager* et Aurélie Vanheuverzwyn* Abstract – Digital convergence has gradually altered both the data and media worlds. The lines that separated media have become blurred, a phenomenon that is being amplified daily by the spread of new devices and new usages. At the same time, digital convergence has highlighted the power of big data, which is defined in terms of two connected parameters: volume and the frequency of acquisition. Big Data can be as voluminous as exhaustive and its acquisition can be as frequent as to occur in real time. Even though Big Data may be seen as risking a return to the paradigm of census that prevailed until the end of the 19th century – whereas the 20th century belonged to sampling and surveys. Médiamétrie has chosen to consider this digital revolution as a tremendous opportunity for progression in its audience measurement systems. JEL Classification : C18, C32, C33, C55, C80 Keywords: hybrid methods, Big Data, sample surveys, hidden Markov model Reminder: The opinions and analyses in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect * Médiamétrie ([email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]) their institution’s or Insee’s views. Receveid on 10 July 2017, accepted on 10 February 2019 Translation by the authors from their original version: “Big Data et mesure d’audience : un mariage de raison ?” To cite this article: Dudoignon, L., Le Sager, F. & Vanheuverzwyn, A. (2018). Big Data and Audience Measurement: A Marriage of Convenience? Economie et Statistique / Economics and Statistics, 505‑506, 133–146.
    [Show full text]
  • Forecasting with Twitter Data: an Application to Usa Tv Series Audience
    L. Molteni & J. Ponce de Leon, Int. J. of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics. Vol. 11, No. 3 (2016) 220–229 FORECASTING WITH TWITTER DATA: AN APPLICATION TO USA TV SERIES AUDIENCE L. MOLTENI1 & J. PONCE DE LEON2 1Decision Sciences Department, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy. 2Target Research, Milan, Italy. ABSTRACT Various researchers and analysts highlighted the potential of Big Data, and social networks in particular, to optimize demand forecasts in managerial decision processes in different sectors. Other authors focused the attention on the potential of Twitter data in particular to predict TV ratings. In this paper, the interactions between television audience and social networks have been analysed, especially considering Twitter data. In this experiment, about 2.5 million tweets were collected, for 14 USA TV series in a nine-week period through the use of an ad hoc crawler created for this purpose. Subsequently, tweets were classified according to their sentiment (positive, negative, neutral) using an original method based on the use of decision trees. A linear regression model was then used to analyse the data. To apply linear regression, TV series have been grouped in clusters; clustering is based on the average audience for the individual series and their coefficient of variability. The conclusions show and explain the existence of a significant relationship between audience and tweets. Keywords: Audience, Forecasting, Regression, Sentiment, TV, Twitter. 1 INTRODUCTION Many authors in these years highlighted the potential of Big Data in general to support better quantitative forecasting approaches to economic data. In particular, a recent and very interesting work from Hassani and Silva [1] summarized the problems and potential of Big Data forecasting.
    [Show full text]
  • Independent Study on Indicators for Media Pluralism in the Member States – Towards a Risk-Based
    Independent Study on Indicators for Media Pluralism in the Member States – Towards a Risk-Based Approach Prepared for the European Commission Directorate-General Information Society and Media SMART 007A 2007-0002 by K.U.Leuven – ICRI (lead contractor) Jönköping International Business School - MMTC Central European University - CMCS Ernst & Young Consultancy Belgium Preliminary Final Report Contract No.: 30-CE-0154276/00-76 Leuven, April 2009 Editorial Note: The findings reported here provide the basis for a public hearing to be held in Brussels in the spring of 2009. The Final Report will take account of comments and suggestions made by stakeholders at that meeting, or subsequently submitted in writing. The deadline for the submission of written comments will be announced at the hearing as well as on the website of the European Commission from where this preliminary report is available. Prof. Dr. Peggy Valcke Project leader Independent Study on “Indicators for Media Pluralism in the Member States – Towards a Risk-Based Approach” AUTHORS OF THE REPORT This study is carried out by a consortium of three academic institutes, K.U. Leuven – ICRI, Central European University – CMCS and Jönköping International Business School – MMTC, and a consultancy firm, Ernst & Young Consultancy Belgium. The consortium is supported by three categories of subcontractors: non-affiliated members of the research team, members of the Quality Control Team and members of the network of local media experts (‘Country Correspondents’). The following persons have contributed to the Second Interim Report: For K.U.Leuven – ICRI: Prof. Dr. Peggy Valcke (project leader; senior legal expert) Katrien Lefever Robin Kerremans Aleksandra Kuczerawy Michael Dunstan and Jago Chanter (linguistic revision) For Central European University – CMCS: Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Math in the Media: Syndicated Programming
    Math in the Media: Syndicated Programming Math In The Media Syndication Ratings: Talk Shows, Game Shows Finish Season Strong First-Run Strips Gear Up for Sept. 10 Season Premieres By Paige Albiniak — Broadcasting & Cable, 9/5/2007 The 2006-07 syndication season came to a close in the week ending Aug. 26, with talk and game shows hitting a high note while most first-run strips prepared for their Sept. 10 season premieres. In talk, the week’s big winner was NBC Universal’s The Martha Stewart Show, which will also begin running in primetime on Scripps’ Fine Living Sept. 10. The show gained 11% to a 1.0 household rating, according to Nielsen Media Research. That’s thanks in part to a 1.2 rating after Donny Osmond appeared Aug. 21. Warner Bros.’ Ellen also had a good showing, jumping 7% to a 1.6. Ellen kicked off her fifth season Tuesday with an appearance by Sen. Hillary Clinton (D-N.Y.). That show, which aired from New York, averaged a 2.5 rating/7 share in 55 metered markets. That’s up 19% from Ellen’s September 2006 launch, at a 2.1/6, and up 39% from her 1.8/6 average lead-in. The third-largest gain in talk went to NBC Universal’s Maury, which jumped 5% to a 2.1. Among the top three, CBS’ Oprah was flat at a 4.4; CBS’ Dr. Phil was down 5% to a 3.5; and Disney-ABC’s Live with Regis and Kelly dropped 10% to a 2.6 with a week of “repackaged” episodes.
    [Show full text]
  • Measuring the Audience: Why It Matters to Independent News Media and How It Can Contribute to Media Development
    Measuring the Audience: Why It Matters to Independent News Media and How It Can Contribute to Media Development BY MICHELLE J. FOSTER October 2014 Measuring the Audience: Why It Matters to Independent News Media and How It Can Contribute to Media Development ABOUT CIMA OCTOBER 2014 The Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA), at the National Endowment for Democracy, CONTENTS works to strengthen the support, raise the visibility, and improve the effectiveness of independent Introduction . 1 media development throughout the world . The center provides information, builds networks, The Exposure Model of Audience Research . 3 conducts research, and highlights the indispensable Audience Data Move Directly into the Ad Buying Process . 5 role independent media play in the creation and development of sustainable democracies . An Business Development . 9 important aspect of CIMA’s work is to research ways Audience Development . 13 to attract additional U .S . private sector interest in and support for international media development . Informing and Evaluating Media Development Efforts . 15 CIMA convenes working groups, discussions, and Limits to Audience Research Tool panels on a variety of topics in the field of media for Media Development . 18 development and assistance . The center also issues Conclusions and Recommendations . 19 reports and recommendations based on working group discussions and other investigations . These Endnotes . 21 reports aim to provide policymakers, as well as donors and practitioners, with ideas for bolstering the effectiveness of media assistance . Center for International Media Assistance ABOUT THE AUTHOR National Endowment for Democracy Michelle Foster consults and works with media 1025 F STREET, N W. ., 8TH FLOOR companies to develop strong management practices WASHINGTON, DC 20004 and business models .
    [Show full text]
  • Audience Measurement Tagging Benefits Guide 2013 Audience Measurement: Guide Audience Measurement: Guide
    AUDIENCE MEASUREMENT TAGGING BENEFITS GUIDE 2013 AUDIENCE MEASUREMENT: GUIDE AUDIENCE MEASUREMENT: GUIDE TAGGING BENEFITS This document provides the benefits EASY IMPLEMENTATION of implementing Nielsen’s audience Nielsen’s audience measurement tag is light, measurement tag. flexible and effective, allowing a very quick implementation. Since the Nielsen audience CONSISTENT MARKET measurement tag is not used for web analytics reporting, which can have more than 30 different REPORTING variables for customization for clients’ KPIs, it Nielsen has developed the most advanced tag makes the implementation and instrumentation for audience measurement, based on years of very easy. Nielsen requires clients to use only experience, research and development. This tag is three simple variables for audience reporting. light, flexible and effective, allowing a very quick Most publisher clients are up and running in implementation, using the same normalized tag for less than an hour. Nielsen provides dedicated all sites. Nielsen applies the same and consistent technical account managers who ensure that business rules for processing census-based traffic the on boarding, instrumentation and ongoing counting across all publishers in a market. This support processes are simple and hassle-free. level of consistency ensures a level playing field for online publishers and trustworthy, comparable data for advertisers. COMPLETE DATA COLLECTION CROSS-MEDIA REPORTING Implementing Nielsen’s audience measurement Nielsen is the only audience data provider uniquely tag ensures that Nielsen is collecting the most positioned to help clients understand cross-media complete data from the universe of visitors on behavior by their audiences. Nielsen’s panel collects your site. A direct Nielsen tag implementation both TV viewing and PC usage behavior from eliminates any data loss that occurs due to thousands of people who have been selected into a third party redirects or outages within the representative sample.
    [Show full text]
  • Measuring the Cost of Eprivacy an Assessment with a View to the German Online Advertising Industry
    CEPS 28 November 2017 Measuring the Cost of ePrivacy An assessment with a view to the German online advertising industry Dr René Arnold 1 Background to the Study ePrivacy Directive (2002/58/EC) . Ensure privacy of electronic communication . Limit data retention including meta-data relating to electronic communication Citizens‘ Rights Directive (2009/136/EC) . Amended the original ePrivacy Directive . Commonly known as ‘Cookie Law’ Transfer to ePrivacy Regulation (ongoing) . Bring ePrivacy up to date with current technology and the General Data Protection Regulation . Build a level playing field for all kinds of communications services 2 Idea of the Regulation web browser as the gatekeeper with ‘privacy by design/default‘ settings Icons by Mello, Sandy Priyasa; Gregor Cresnar, Lucas Lima. 3 …sounds good, but… what is the impact on The German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy . consumers? contracted WIK for a study: . businesses? . Analysis of the draft ePrivacy Regulation . innovation? . Analysis of the public . competition? consultation and impact Delete Cookies ?! assessment . 20 stakeholder interviews . Desk research . Focus on online advertising and business models depending on online advertising Picture: davbis93/Reddit. 4 Results of Impact Assessment Analysis The Impact Assessment1 arrives at an estimated saving of €950m, but… . it takes on a very narrow data protection perspective. it does not evaluate the potential losses incurred to businesses and consumers. The accompanying Eurobarometer survey2 . does not feature any question on the benefits from cookies etc. (e.g. quality of services, more suitable advertising); . neither does it feature any question concerning consumers’ understanding of tracking and its purpose, outcomes or the specificity of the information that is being tracked.
    [Show full text]