Young Women in Post-Yugoslav Societies: Research, Practice and Policy
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
YOUNG WOMEN IN POST-YUGOSLAV SOCIETIES: RESEARCH, PRACTICE AND POLICY EDITORS Mirjana Adamović, Branka Galić, Anja Gvozdanović, Ana Maskalan, Dunja Potočnik, Lejla Somun Krupalija YOUNG WOMEN IN POST-YUGOSLAV SOCIETIES: RESEARCH, PRACTICE AND POLICY Editors Mirjana Adamović, Branka Galić, Anja Gvozdanović, Ana Maskalan, Dunja Potočnik, Lejla Somun Krupalija Publishers: Institute for Social Research in Zagreb Human Rights Centre, University of Sarajevo For the publisher: Branislava Baranović Saša Madacki Reviewers: Professor Eva D. Bahovec Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Professor Ivana Milojević University of Sunshine Coast, Australia; Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences and Centre for Gender Studies, University of Novi Sad, Serbia Professor Olivera Simić Griffith Law School, Griffith University, Australia YOUNG WOMEN IN POST-YUGOSLAV SOCIETIES: Project: Young Women and Gender Equality in Post- RESEARCH, PRACTICE AND POLICY Yugoslav Societies: Research, Practice and Policy The Participation Programme of UNESCO for 2012-2013 Editors Mirjana Adamović, Branka Galić, Anja Gvozdanović, Ana Maskalan, Dunja Potočnik, Lejla Somun Krupalija ©2014 Institute for Social Research in Zagreb, Human Rights Centre, University of Sarajevo ISBN 978-953-6218-56-1 (Institute for Social Research in Zagreb) ISBN 978-9958-541-12-4 (Human Rights Centre) Institute for Social Research in Zagreb A CIP catalogue record for this book is available in the Online Catalogue of Human Rights Centre, University of Sarajevo the National and University Library in Zagreb as 870149. Zagreb and Sarajevo, 2014 We thank for the support: President of the Republic of Croatia Ivo Josipović Office for Gender Equality, Government of the Republic of Croatia CESI – Center for education, counselling and research City of Zagreb Heinrich Böll Stiftung – Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatian Chamber of Economy National Foundation for Civil Society Development Croatian Sociological Association - Section “Woman and Society” TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword..........................................................................................................9 CHAPTER 1: EDUCATION Biljana Kašić: Towards a Critical Knowledge: Gender-Sensitive Education in the Abyss or an Illusion?.................................................................................19 Milena Karapetrović: The View from Semi-Periphery – About Feminism and Gender Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina.............................................43 Isidora Jarić and Valentina Sokolovska: The Problems of Implementation of Gender Equality Project in Vocational High School Education: Case Study of High Schools for Economic Vocations in Serbia.............................................69 CHAPTER 2: LABOUR MARKET Višnja Ljubičić: Discrimination of Young Women in the Croatian Labour Market.............................................................................................................113 Valerija Barada and Jaka Primorac: Non-Paid, Under-Paid and Self- Exploiting Labour as a Choice and a Necessity: Example of Women in Creative Industries...........................................................................................143 CHAPTER 3: FAMILY Suzana Simonovska and Vesna Dimitrievska: Reproductive Health and Rights in the Republic of Macedonia................................................................167 Živa Humer and Metka Kuhar: Partner Equality as a Process – the Case Study of Partnership from Slovenia...................................................................187 Branka Galić: Socio-Cultural Influences of Reproductive Technologies and Family Concepts in Contemporary Society.......................................................213 7 Foreword CHAPTER 4: VIOLENCE Foreword Ivana Radačić: Human Rights of Women and the Mechanisms of Their The publication of the proceedings “Young Women in Post-Yugoslav Socie- Implementation in Croatia with the Focus on Regulation of Violence ties: Research, Practice and Policy” is a result of the project “Young Women Against Women................................................................................................237 and Gender Equality in Post-Yugoslav Societies: Research, Practice and Policy”, supported by UNESCO within the framework of the Participation Zorica Mršević: Young Lesbians and Transgender Girls in Serbia.....................259 Programme for 2012-2013. The project is based on the synergy of scientific interests of two research teams at the Institute for Social Research in Za- CHAPTER 5: CULTURE greb: the team for cultural and gender research and the team for research of youth. They were joined by researchers from the Department of Sociology, Keith Doubt: Elopement and Ego-Identity in the Narratives of Bosnian Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Zagreb and Women............................................................................................................287 the Human Rights Centre at the University of Sarajevo, the partner institu- Svetlana Slapšak: A “Girl” in the Yugoslav Film and Independent National tions and co-organizers of this project. Cinematographies: Historico-Anthropological Investigation of Cultural The realization of this very unique project had two objectives and two Imageries.........................................................................................................305 goals. The first objective was to organize an international conference (held on 26 and 27 November 2013 in Zagreb), and the second was to publish Jelena Tešija, Viktorija Car and Josip Šipić: The Analysis of Female selected papers of the authors who presented their paper at the conference. Characters in the Pula Film Festival Award-Winning Films 1992-2011.............321 Both objectives have been fulfilled. We would like to take this opportunity to thank UNESCO for supporting the publication of this book and all our Zlatiborka Popov Momčinović: Young Women in Contemporary associates who made their contribution and participated in its realization. Bosnian Women’s Movement: The Contradictions within the Changes............357 The first goal was to connect and network the scientists, experts, and activists engaged with the issue of gender equality of young women in the LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS...................................................................375 region. The second goal was to provide a scientific contribution to unravel- ling social processes and problems related to the issue. These proceedings have a regional character and the term region denotes societies that were, up until recently in historical terms, bound by the bor- ders of a common state. These different societies are connected by more than just neighbourly relations. Not only do they share the common inheritance, history, and destiny, they share the problems which the process of becoming independent did not manage to erase. Old difficulties were accompanied by new dilemmas regarding social, economic and political processes that these societies had to go through, processes that largely determine the social position of women. However, the proceedings were created with the knowl- edge that the societies in question are different and have given different 8 9 Foreword Foreword answers to similar issues throughout the past twenty years. This difference in various ways, so these proceedings may be used as a warning and to define is reflected in the example of contact and interaction of different patriarchal the course in which a country should not be heading. cultures in the region. Therefore, the main focus of this work, apart from The readers of this publication have 5 chapters before them which cov- the generational belongingness, is to present different discourses to explain er various anthropological, psychological, sociological, political, and legal the methods and the context of achieving gender equality through the prism foundations and perspectives of gender equality of young women. The pro- of research, activist and policy oriented activity. ceedings discussed gender relations and the ways in which they are formed By observing this issue through the age perspective, unfavourable condi- within the ideal-type sections: education, labour market, family, violence tions are prevalent in most societies, conditions which make the transition against women, and culture. to adulthood by taking on public, family, and professional roles much more The first chapter on education, which contains the papers of three au- difficult. This reflects the slow dynamics of social integration of a young thors, starts with the paper by Biljana Kašić, “Towards a Critical Knowl- population. From gender perspective, one can note the persistence of patri- edge: Gender-Sensitive Education in the Abyss or an Illusion?” Kašić archal patterns, the influence of which is reflected not only in the existence questions the discursive self-explanatory nature of the gender mainstream- of many gender-discriminatory practices, which represent a direct obstacle ing ideology. She warns that gender sensitive education is not untouched by to both human rights of women and gender equality, but also in achieving the models and aims of the neoliberal production of knowledge that in itself democratization in those societies in general. promotes the “pragmatic, functional and expert knowledge on sex/gender The proceedings also try to bring the contributions from the feminist issues”. At the same time, she warns about the influence of patriarchal ideol- perspective