HERBAL TERMINOLOGY Herbal Medicine Classifies Each Herb in Different Categories According to Its Physiological Action

Home , Goldenseal

Terminology HERBAL TERMINOLOGY Herbal medicine classifies each herb in different categories according to its physiological action. Herbal definitions are useful terms to understand and recognize. They are a succinct description of each herb’s action in the body. Many of the therapeutic terms you will encounter during your studies are listed here complete with the phonetic pronunciation. Do not panic: you are not required to memorize these terms all at once. Try to learn a few at a time: Flashcards are helpful for many students. As you work through your studies, you will gain familiarity with these terms. It is enough for now to read them carefully and understand their meaning, rather than endeavor to memorize them all. Examples of herbs are included with each definition. They are by no means a full list of herbs capable of that particular action in the body. As a study aid, add herbs under the appropriate therapeutic action as you progress through your courses. As you learn therapeutic actions in your program not listed here, you may also add them to this guide for easy reference. Use the virtual library at http://www.achs.edu/ to access an online dictionary. Phonetic Action TERM Ah-bor”ti- Herbs producing miscarriage. ABORTIFACIENT fa’shent Pennyroyal, Rue. Ab-sor’bent Herbs used to produce absorption of ABSORBENT inflammation or diseased tissue. Mullein, Slippery Elm. Ad’ju-vant An herb that is added to a formula because it ADJUVANT aids the effect of the principle ingredient. Cayenne, Ginger. Awl’ter-a”tiv Herbs that gradually cleanse the blood, tone ALTERATIVES and regulate the eliminative organs. Burdock, Borage, Cleavers, Yarrow. An al-je’zik Herbs used to relieve pain. Chamomile, ANALGESIC Lobelia, Mullein, Skullcap, Stinging Nettle. See Anodynes Anaf-ro-diz’e- Herbs used to lessen sexual functions and ANAPHRODISIACS ak desires. Celery, Garden Sage, Hops, Skullcap. An’es-thet’ik See Local anesthetic and Anodyne. ANESTHETIC An’o-dine Herbs used to relieve pain. Chamomile, ANODYNES Calendula, Mullein, Mustard, Passionflower, Peppermint, Stinging Nettle, Tomato tops and ripe fruit pulp, Valerian, Wormwood (oil). Ant-as’id Herbs used to neutralize acid in the stomach ANTACIDS and intestinal tract. Apple, caraway, Catnip, Cloves, Elderflowers, Fennel, Parsley,

Terminology Peppermint, Slippery Elm. An-thel- Herbs used to expel or destroy intestinal ANTHELMINTICS min’tik worms. Elecampane, Horehound, Hyssop, Mullein, Plantain, Pumpkin seeds, Wormwood. An’te-ah- Herbs used to counteract abortive ANTIABORTIVES bor’tiv tendencies. Cramp Bark, Witch Hazel. An’te-ah- Herbs used to counteract allergies. German ANTIALLERGIC ler’jik Chamomile, Roman Chamomile. An’te-ar- Herbs used to relieve and heal arthritic ANTIARTHRITICS thrit’ik conditions. Black Cohosh, Blackberry, Burdock, Cayenne, Dandelion, Yellow Dock. An ‘te-az- Herbs used to relieve asthma. Angelica, ANTIASTHMATICS mat’ik Aniseed, Cayenne, Cleavers, Coltsfoot, Elecampane, Eucalyptus, garlic, Horehound, Lobelia, Slippery Elm. An”te-bak- Herbs destroying or suppressing the growth ANTIBACTERIAL ter’re-al or reproduction of bacteria. Calendula, Eucalyptus essential oil, Echinacea, Garlic, nasturtium. An” te-bil’yus Herbs used to eliminate a bilious or jaundice ANTIBILIOUS condition in the body. Borage, Chamomile, Cayenne, Celandine, Cleavers, Dandelion, Fumitory, Yarrow. An”te-bi-ot’ik Herbs which can inhibit the growth of or ANTIBIOTIC destroy bacteria and other microorganisms. Echinacea, Eucalyptus, Hops, Manuka essential oil, Mouse Ear Hawkweed, mullein. An” te-kah- Herbs that heal catarrhal conditions in the ANTICATARRHAL tar’al body. Barley, Burdock root, Cayenne, Hyssop, Lobelia, Marshmallow, Thyme, Yarrow. An”te-ko- Suppressing, delaying or nullifying ANTICOAGULANT ag'u-lant coagulation of the blood. An”te-kon- Effective against convulsions. Skullcap. ANTICONVULSIVE vul’siv An” te-de- Herbs used to alleviate depression. ANTIDEPRESSIVE pres’ iv St. John’s Wort An"te-di"ah- Preventing the development of diabetes. ANTIDIABETIC bet'ik An”te-di”ah Herbs that counteract diarrhea. ANTIDIARRHEAL –re’al Thyme. An”te-e- Herbs used to lessen nausea and prevent or ANTIEMETICS met’ik relieve vomiting. Cayenne, Crampbark (pregnancy), Goldenseal, Cloves, Fennel, Lavender, Peach leaves, Peppermint, Spearmint, Sweet Basil. An”te-ep”e- Herbs that combat epilepsy. ANTIEPILEPTIC

Terminology lep’tik Motherwort. An”te-fun’gal Herbs that destroy fungi or suppress their ANTIFUNGAL reproduction or growth. Calendula, Gingko. An”te-hi-dro- Herbs used to eliminate excess body fluids or ANTIHYDROPICS pik dropsy. Buchu, Burdock seeds and root, Couchgrass, Dandelion, Stinging Nettle. An”te-in- Herbs counteracting or suppressing ANTI- flam’ah-to”-re inflammation. Slippery Elm. INFLAMMATORY An”te-lith’ik Herbs used to prevent the formation of ANTILITHICS calculi or gravel in the excretory passages. Buchu, Couchgrass, Elecampane, Stinging Nettle, Uva Ursi. An”te-mah- Herbs counteraction or preventing malaria. ANTIMALARIAL la’re-al Centaury, Goldenseal. An”te-mi- Herbs destroying microorganisms or ANTIMICROBIAL kro’be-al suppressing their multiplication or growth. German Chamomile, Licorice, Parsley. An”te-mi- Herbs that check fungal growth. Garlic, ANTIMYCOTICS kot-ik Yellow Dock. An”te-ne-o- Herbs that inhibit or prevent the ANTINEOPLASTICS plas’tik development of tumors. Garlic, Periwinkle, Red Clover. An”te-nu- Herbs relieving neuralgia (paroxysmal pain ANTINEURALGIC ral’jik extending along one or more nerves.) An’te-ok’se- Herbs hindering oxidation. ANTIOXIDANT dant Calendula. An”te-pe”re- Herbs used to relieve malarial type fevers and ANTIPERIODICS od’ik chills. Chamomile, Eucalyptus, Fumitory, Horehound, Parsley juice, Red Raspberry, Rosemary, Rue, Shepherds’ Purse. An”te-flo- Herbs used to reduce inflammation or ANTIPHLOGISTICS jis’tik swelling. Burdock root, Chickweed, Comfrey, Elder flowers and leaves, Slippery Elm. (an”te-pru- Herbs that relieve or prevent itching. Aloe ANTIPRURITIC rit’ik) Vera, Red Clover, Yellow Dock. An”te- Herbs used to reduce temperature in fevers. ANTIPYRETIC pi’ret’ik Elder flowers, Yarrow. An”tte-ru- Herbs used to prevent, relieve and assist ANTIRHEUMATICS mat’ik rheumatism (a variety of disorders marked by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement of the connective tissue structures, specially the joints and related structures, and attended by pain, stiffness, or limited motion). Blackberry, Blue Cohosh, Burdock, Cayenne, Chickweed, Comfrey, Couchgrass, Dandelion, Horehound, Hyssop, Juniper Berry, Uva Ursi, Watercress,

Terminology Yellow Dock. An”te-skor- Herbs used to prevent and assist scurvy. ANTISCORBUTICS bu’tik Chickweed, Cleavers, Dandelion, Fumitory, Marjoram, Parsley. An”te-scro- Herbs used to heal swelling and congestion ANTISCROFULUS few’lus of the lymphatic glands. Chamomile, Cleavers, Comfrey root, Dandelion, Elder flowers, Hyssop. An’te-sep’tik Herbs used to prevent, resist, and counteract ANTISEPTICS putrefaction (decay of cells and formation of pus). Burdock leaves, Cayenne, Echinacea, Eucalyptus, Garlic, Goldenseal, Myrrh. An”te-spaz- Herbs used to relieve nervous irritability and ANTISPASMODICS mod’ik reduce or prevent excessive involuntary muscular contractions and spasms. Catnip, Cayenne, Cramp Bark, Red Clover, Skullcap, Self-Heal, Valerian. An”te-sif”I- Herbs used to relieve and assist syphilis or ANTISYPHILITICS lit’ik other venereal ailments. Burdock, Cleavers, Barberry, Elder bark, leaves, and berries, Goldenseal, Hyssop, Red Clover,

Marshmallow. An”te-ulsero-jenik ANTIULCEROGENIC Herbs used to assist healing ulcers and ulceration. Plantain An”te-tus’iv Herbs relieving or preventing cough. Thyme. ANTITUSSIVE An”te-ven-o- Herbs which act as correctives against ANTIVENOMOUS mus animal, vegetable and mineral toxins. Black cohosh, Echinacea, Fennel, Garlic, Plantain. An”te-vi’ral Herbs destroying viruses or suppressing their ANTIVIRAL growth or multiplication. Cranesbill, St. John’s Wort. An”te-zi- Herbs used to destroy or arrest the action of ANTIZYMOTICS mot’ik bacterial organisms. Elecampane, Garlic, Lobelia, Mullein, Thyme. a-per’re-ent Herbs used as mild evacuants or laxatives to APERIENTS OR the bowels: Borage, Burdock root, LAXATIVES Dandelion, Licorice, Senna pods, Turkey Rhubarb. Ah-per’I-tiv Herbs stimulating the appetite. APERITIVE Af’ro-diz’e-ak Herbs arousing sexual impulses. Echinacea, APHRODISIAC Hops, Manuka essential oil. Ar-o-mat’ik Herbs that are odoriferous, having a fragrant, AROMATICS pungent and spicy taste, and stimulate the gastrointestinal mucus membrane: Basil, Calamint, Chamomile, Lovage, Spearmint, and Sweet Cicely. As-trin’jent Herbs that contract tissues, make them ASTRINGENTS denser and firmer, and arrest discharges. Cayenne, Mullein, Red Raspberry,

Terminology Shepherds’ Purse, Witch Hazel. Bak-ter’I-sid Herbs that destroy bacteria. BACTERICIDE Bak-ter”re-o- Herbs that inhibit the growth or BACTERIOSTATIC stat’ik multiplication of bacteria. Eucalyptus. Bawl-sam’ik Herbs that soothe and heal inflamed parts: BALSAMIC Avocado, Clary Sage Bit’er Herbs having a bitter taste and serving as BITTER stimulant tonics to the gastrointestinal membranes. Centaury, Feverfew, Hops, Horehound. Bit’er to”nik Herbs with an action of the stomach and BITTER TONIC intestine, stimulating appetite and improving digestion. Dandelion, Juniper berries, Roman Chamomile. Blis’ter Herbs that cause inflammatory blistering of BLISTER serum from the skin when applied locally: Blue Violet, Rue. Kal’-se-fa- Herbal agents used as diffusive stimulants, CALCEFACIENTS shent which cause increased capillary circulation, giving an external sense of warmth: Cayenne. Kahm-ah-tiv Herbs, which have a sedative action, allaying CALMATIVE excitement. German Chamomile. Kar’de-ak de- Herbs that are a sedative and lessen the CARDIAC pres’ant action of the heart: Pleurisy root. DEPRESSANT Kar’de-ak Herbs abating the force of the heart’s action. CARDIAC SEDATIVE sed’ah-tiv Black Walnut. Kar’de-ak Herbs used to increase and give greater CARDIAC stim’u-lant power to the heart’s action: Black Cohosh, STIMULANTS Buchu, Comfrey, Elecampane, Flaxseed, Garlic, Hawthorn berry. Kar’de-ak Herbs that strengthen the heart’s action. CARDIAC TONIC ton’ik Echinacea, Foxglove (digitalis), Motherwort. Kar-min’ah- Herbs containing a volatile oil that stimulates CARMINATIVES tiv intestinal peristalsis, and relieves and promotes the expulsion of gas from the gastrointestinal tract: Coriander, Cayenne, Cinnamon, Fennel, Garlic, and Yarrow. Kah-thar’tik Herbs that are active purgatives to the CATHARTICS intestinal tract, causing peristalsis, and stimulating glandular secretions producing semi-fluid bowel movements with some irritation and griping. Mountain Flax, Senna leaves, Turkey Rhubarb, Uva Ursi, Yellow Dock. Kaws’tik Herbs that burn or destroy living tissue. CAUSTICS Celandine juice, Lesser Celandine leaves. Sel pro-lif’- Herbs that promote rapid healing and CELL er’ant restoration: Comfrey.

Terminology PROLIFERANTS Sef’al-ic Herbs that are particularly healing to cerebral CEPHALICS conditions and diseases: Catnip, Flaxseed, Garlic, Juniper berry, Lemon balm, Lily of the Valley (powerful), Red Sage, Rosemary, Stinging Nettle. Cho’lah-gog Herbs used to promote the flow and CHOLAGOGUES discharge of bile into the duodenum by contracting the bile ducts, and produce purgation of the bowels. Dandelion, Fennel, Fumitory, Goldenseal, Parsley, Turkey Rhubarb. Sik-at’ri-zant Herbs promoting formation of scar tissue. CICATRIZANT Cleavers. Ser’ku-lah- Herbs producing stimulation by causing CIRCULATORY to”re stim’u- tension on muscle fibers through nerve STIMULANT lant tissue. Kon’-de- Herbs used to season or flavor foods: CONDIMENTS ment Angelica, Basil, Bay leaves, Fenugreek seed, Garlic, Lemon grass, Paprika, Rosemary, Sesame seeds, Spearmint, Thyme, Vanilla. Herbs used for coloring or dyeing purposes: COLORING AGENTS Garden sage leaves: brown, Goldenseal: yellow, Calendula flowers: yellow, Yellow Dock: yellow. Kord’yal Herbs that combine the properties of cardiac CORDIALS stimulant and being warming to the stomach: Borage, Calamint, Chamomile, Costmary, Lemon grass, Rosemary, and Yarrow. Ko-rec’tiv Herbs used to alter and lessen the severity of CORRECTIVES the action of other herbs, especially cathartics or purgatives: Catnip, Cinnamon bark, Fennel, Flaxseed, Licorice, Peppermint, Sweet Fennel, Thyme. Koz-met’ik Herbs that are skin tonics and used to COSMETICS improve the complexion and beautify the skin: Comfrey, Elecampane, Elder flowers, and leaves, Witch Hazel. Kown”ter-ir’- Herbs that cause irritation by local COUNTER tanti application in one part and therapeutically IRRITANTS relieve pain in another more deep-seated part. Lobelia, Rue. De-kon-jest- Tends to reduce congestion or swelling. DECONGESTANT ant

Terminology De-mul’sent Herbs having mucilaginous properties that DEMULCENTS are soothing and protective internally to irritated and inflamed surfaces and tissues. Blue Cohosh, Chickweed, Comfrey root, Marshmallow, Mullein, Slippery Elm. Den’tal an’o- Herbs used locally to relieve pain in teeth: DENTAL dine Cloves, Peppermint, Rosemary, Yarrow ANODYNES (fresh leaf). Do-ob’stroo- Herbs that remove obstructions from the DEOBSTRUENTS ent alimentary tract and other areas of the body. Goldenseal (glandular), Lobelia, Mandrake, Plantain, Turkey Rhubarb, Red Clover. De-o’der-ant Herbs that eliminate foul odors: Blackberry, DEODORANTS Echinacea, Lovage, and Thyme. De-press”o- Herbs that diminish muscular movement by DEPRESSO-MOTORS mo’tor action on the spinal centers. (See also “Nerve Sedatives” and “Antispasmodics”).” Lobelia. Dep’u-ra”tiv Herbs that clean or purify the blood by DEPURANTS OR promoting eliminative functions: Blue DEPURATIVES Cohosh, Burdock root, Chickweed,

Echinacea, Elderflowers, Dandelion.

Der-ma-toe- Cleavers, Yellow Dock DERMATOLOCIGAL lojical AGENT Des”I-kant Herbs that are able to dry surfaces by DESSICANTS absorbing moisture: Marshmallow, Slippery Elm powder. De-ter’jent Herbs that are cleansing to wounds, ulcers, DETERGENTS or the skin itself: Goldenseal, Hyssop, Plantain, and Yellow Dock. Di”ah-fo- Herbs that produce perspiration and DIAPHORETICS ret’ik increased elimination through the skin: Black Cohosh, Elder flowers, bark, and berries, Peppermint, Yarrow (powerful). di-jes’tant or Herbs containing enzymes and acids that aid DIGESTANTS OR di-jes’tiv in the digestion of food: Cinnamon bark, DIGESTIVES Echinacea, Garden Sage, Garlic, Nutmeg. Dis-ku’she- Herbs that dispel or dissolve tumors and DISCUTIENTS ent abnormal growths: Blue Violet, Chickweed, Garlic, Slippery Elm, and Witch Hazel. Dis”in- Herbs that eliminate or destroy the noxious DISINFECTANTS fek’tant properties of decaying organic matter and prevent the spread of infection” Cloves, Eucalyptus, Garlic, Myrrh, Rue, Thyme. Di”u-ret’ik Herbs that increase the secretion and flow of DIURETICS urine. Buchu, Cleavers, Cornsilk, Couchgrass, Dandelion, Uva Ursi. Dras’tik Herbs that are potent cathartics, producing DRASTICS violent peristalsis, watery stools and griping

Terminology pain. Castor oil. e-met’ik Herbs that induce vomiting and cause an EMETICS evacuation of stomach contents: Black Cohosh (overdose), Cayenne (overdose), Elecampane (overdose), and Lobelia. e-men’ah-gog Herbs that tone the female reproductive EMMENAGOGUES organs and regulate the menstrual flow: Black Cohosh, Blue Cohosh, Comfrey, German Chamomile, Plantain, Red Raspberry, Wild Yam (antiabortive), and Yarrow. e-mol’e-ent Herbs that are softening, soothing, and EMOLLIENTS protective to external surfaces: Chickweed, Flaxseed, Garlic, Licorice, Marshmallow, and Slippery Elm. Er’ine Herbs that increase nasal secretions from the ERRHINES sinuses: Cayenne, Lavender essential oil. Ek”san- Herbs that are healing to skin eruptions, or EXANTHEMATOUS them’ah-tus to eruptive skin problems. Calendula, Cayenne, Cleavers, Chickweed, Elecampane, Fumitory, Red Sage, St. John’s Wort. Ek-si”to- Herbs that increase motor reflex and spinal EXCITO-MOTORS mo’tor activity: Nux Vomica. Eks-pek’to- Herbs that encourage the discharge of mucus EXPECTORANTS rant from bronchio-pulmonary passages. Horehound, Garlic, Licorice, Marshmallow. Feb’-ri-fuj Herbs that reduce fever. Dandelion, Elder FEBRIFUGES flowers, Parsley seeds, Nettle, Red Sage, Yarrow. Gah-lak’tah- Herbs that increase the secretion of milk. GALACTAGOGUES gog Buckwheat, Fennel, Red Raspberry. Gal-ak-tof’I- Herbs that diminish the secretion of milk. GALACTOPHYOUS gus Parsley (poultice), Sage, Cranesbill. He”mo-stat’ik Herbs that act as internal astringents and HAEMO OR arrest hemorrhaging or internal bleeding. HEMOSTATICS Black Cohosh (lungs), Cayenne (powerful), Goldenseal (uterus, rectum), Yellow Dock (lungs). He-met’ik Herbs rich in Iron and Manganese that help HEMETICS to enrich the blood. Blackberries, Comfrey, Dandelion, Fenugreek, Red Raspberry, Watercress, Yellow Dock. He-pat’ik Herbs used to strengthen, tone, and HEPATICS stimulate the secretive functions of the liver, causing an increased flow of bile. Cleavers, Dandelion, Mandrake root, Yarrow. Her-pat’ik Herbs that are healing to skin eruptions and HERPATICS scaling ailments. Burdock, Borage, Chickweed, Cleavers, Comfrey, Fumitory, Garlic, Myrrh, Red Clover.

Terminology Hi’drah-gog Cathartic herbs producing a watery stool. HYDRAGOGUE Celandine, Dwarf Elder root. Hi”per- Herbs characterized by or causing increased HYPERTENSIVE ten’siv tension or pressure such as abnormally high blood pressure Celandine. Hi”per- Herbs producing increased blood pressure. HYPERTENSOR ten’sor Echinacea. Hip-not’ik Herbs that are powerful nervine relaxants HYPNOTICS and induce sleep. Mistletoe, Passion flower, Valerian. Hi”po-ten-siv Herbs characterized by or causing HYPOTENSIVE diminished tension or pressure such as abnormally low blood pressure or a person with abnormally low blood pressure. Cleavers, Parsley. Hi”po-ten’sor Herbs that lower blood pressure. Calendula, HYPOTENSORS Cayenne. IMMUNO- Immun’o’mo A substance that acts to alter the immune MODULATING d’ u’la’tor system by increasing or reducing the ability of the immune system to produce specifically modified antibodies that recognize and react with the antigen that initiated their production. Plantain. In’sek-te-side Herbs that are used to destroy insects. Black INSECTICIDES Cohosh, Rue, Tansy, Pennyroyal. Ir-I-tant Herbs that produce vascular stimulation IRRITANTS when applied to the surface of the skin. See also “Rubefacients” “Blister” and “Counter- irritants”. Elder bark (fresh), Rue. Laks’ah-tiv Mild cathartic or aperient. Olive oil, Licorice, LAXATIVES Mountain Flax. Lith”o-trip’tik Herbs that dissolve or expel gravel or stones LITHOTRIPTICS from the urinary passages. Buchu, Cleavers. Lo’kal an’es- Herbs that produce loss of sensation when LOCAL thet’ik applied directly to the surface. Caraway oil, ANESTHETICS Clove oil, Eucalyptol, Thymol. Mat-u’-rat’ing Herbs that help to bring tumors, boils and MATURATING ulcers to a head. Burdock root, Chickweed, Comfrey. Mu”si-lij Herbs having mucilaginous properties. MUCILAGES Chickweed, Comfrey, Couchgrass, Marshmallow, Slippery Elm. mid”re-at’ik Herbs that cause dilation of the pupil of the MYDRIATICS eye. Belladonna. mi-ot’ik Herbs that cause contraction of the pupil of MYOTICS OR the eye. Jaborandi. MIOTICS Nar-kot’ik Herbs that are powerful anodyne-hypnotic. NARCOTICS Mullein, Passion flower, Valerian.

Terminology Naw’se-ant Herbs that produce nausea. Vervain. NAUSEANTS Ne-frit’ik Herbs that have a beneficial healing influence NEPHRITICS on the kidneys. Cayenne, Cornsilk, Couchgrass, Uva Ursi. Ner’vine Herbs that tone and heal the nerves. Lady’s NERVINES Slipper, Lobelia, Valerian. Ner’vine Herbs that increase the tone of the nervous NERVINE TONICS ton’ik system. Skullcap. Nu’tri-tiv Herbs that nourish and build the body. NUTRITIVES Comfrey, Mullein, Slippery Elm, Sage, Sweet Basil, Watercress. Op-thal’mik Herbs that are healing to disorders of the OPTHALMICS eyes. Chickweed, Cornflower, Dandelion, Eyebright, Violet. o-rek’si-jen’ik Herbs which increase or stimulate the OREXIGENICS appetite. More powerful than an appetizer. Ok”se-to-‘sik Herbs that promote labor by stimulating OXYTOCICS contractions. Par”ah-sit’I- Herbs that destroy animal and vegetable PARASITICIDES side parasites within the body. Blackberry, Cloves, Rue. Par-tu’re-ent Herbs that stimulate uterine contractions, PARTURIENTS which induce and assist labor. Squaw Vine, Red Raspberry. Pek’to-ral Herbs that are healing to complaints of the PECTORALS lungs. Borage, Chickweed, Comfrey, Goldenseal, Pleurisy root, Yarrow. Per”e-stal’tik Herbs that stimulate and increase peristalsis PERISTALTICS or muscular contraction. Turkey Rhubarb. Pro-tek’tiv Herbs that serve as protective coverings to PROTECTIVES inflamed surface when applied locally. Castor oil, Flaxseed, Marshmallow, Olive oil. Pun’jent Herbs that cause a sharp prickling sensation. PUNGENTS Cayenne, Coriander, Rue, Self-Heal. Pur’gah-tiv Cathartic herb causing evacuation from the PURGATIVE bowels. Aloe, Mandrake, Mountain Flax, Senna. Re-frij’er-ant Herbs that have cooling properties, lower REFRIGERANTS body temperatures, and relieve thirst. Borage, Burnet, Chickweed, Cleavers, Elderflowers, Strawberries. Re-lak’sant Herbs that relieve and lessen tension. Tansy. RELAXANT Re-spir’ah-to- Herbs specifically increasing respiratory RESPIRATORY re stim’u-lant movement. Lobelia. STIMULANT Re-zol’vent Herbs that help disperse inflammation. RESOLVENTS Chickweed, Horehound, Calendula flowers.

Terminology Roo”be- Herbs that stimulate capillary dilation and RUBEFACIENTS fa’shent cause skin redness when applied locally. They draw blood from deeper tissues and organs, relieving congestion and inflammation. Garlic, Rue, Stinging Nettle. Se-kre”to Herbs that excite or stimulate secretions SECRETOMOTOR mo’tor within the nervous system. Thyme. Sed’ah-tiv Herbs that calm and tranquilize the nerves. SEDATIVES Chamomile, Passion flower, Skullcap, Valerian. Si-al’o-gog Herbs that promote the secretion and flow SIALAGOGUES of saliva. Cayenne, Echinacea, Licorice. Spaz”mo- Herbs that check spasms. Antispasmodic. SPASMOLYTIC lit’ik So”po-rif-ik Herbs that induce a relaxing sleep. Catnip, SOPORIFICS Passion flower, Valerian. Ster- Herbs that irritate the mucous membranes in STERNUTATORIES nu’tah’tor”e the nasal passages and cause sneezing. Cayenne. Stim’u-lant Herbs that increase functional activity and STIMULANTS energy in the body. Blue Cohosh, Dandelion, Horseradish, Lobelia. Sto-mak’ik Herbs that stimulate and tone the stomach. STOMACHICS Lovage, Dandelion, Rue, Turkey Rhubarb. Stip’tik Herbs that stop local bleeding and STYPTICS hemorrhaging when applied externally. Blackberry, Comfrey, Plantain, Self-Heal, Stinging Nettle, Witch Hazel. Su”dor-if’ik Herbs that stimulate the sudoriferous glands SUDORIFICS and increase perspiration. Cayenne, Garlic, Sage. Herbs that expel (fuges) or kill (cides) TAENIFUGES, tapeworms in the intestinal tract. Pumpkin TAENICIDES seeds, Santonica. Ton’ik Herbs that stimulate, energize, and TONICS strengthen the body. Chicory, Comfrey, Dandelion, Sarsaparilla, Thyme, Yarrow. U’ter-in Herbs that stimulate uterine contractions or UTERINE stim’u-lant menstruation. Rue. STIMULANT Vas”o-di- Herbs causing dilation of the blood vessels, VASODILATOR lat’or particularly the arterioles. Echinacea. Ver-mi’fuge Herbs with the power to expel worms. Aloe, VERMIFUGE Blue Cohosh, Hyssop, Mandrake, Tansy, Wormwood.

Terminology Vul’ner-er”e Herbs that promote healing of fresh cuts or VULNERARIES wounds. Aloe, Buchu, Chickweed, Cleavers, Comfrey, Common Daisy leaves, Calendula flowers, Elecampane, Evening Primrose, Hollyhock, Horehound, Hyssop, Marshmallow, Mullein, Parsley, St. John’s Wort, Sage, Tansy, Thyme.

Index abnormal growths, 7 Antipruritic, 3 Abortifacient, 1 Antirheumatics, 3 abortive tendencies, 2 Antiscorbutics, 4 Absorben, 1 Antiscrofulus, 4 action of other herbs, 6 Antiseptics, 4 active purgatives, 5 Antispasmodic, 11 Adjuvant, 1 Antispasmodics, 4, 7 allergies, 2 Antisyphilitics, 4 Aloe, 10, 11, 12 Antitussive, 4 Alteratives, 1 Antivenomous, 4 Analgesic, 1 Antiviral, 4 Anaphrodisiacs, 1 Antizymotics, 4 Anesthetic, 1 aperient, 9 Angelica, 2, 6 Aperients, 4 Aniseed, 2 Aperitive, 4 Anodyne, 1 Aphrodisiac, 4 anodyne-hypnotic, 9 appetite, 4, 10 Anodynes, 1 Apple, 1 Antacids, 1 Aromatics, 4 Anthelmintics, 2 arrest discharges, 4 Antiabortives, 2 arthritic conditions, 2 Antiallergic, 2 as stimulant tonics, 5 Antiarthritics, 2 asthma, 2 Antiasthmatics, 2 Astringents, 4, 8 Antibacterial, 2 Avocado, 5 Antibilious, 2 bacteria, 2, 5 Antibiotic, 2 bacterial organisms, 4 Anticatarrhal, 2 Bactericide, 5 Anticoagulant, 2 Bacteriostatic, 5 Anticonvulsive, 2 Balsamic, 5 Antidepressive, 2 Barberry, 4 Antidiabetic, 2 Barley, 2 Antidiarrheal, 2 Basil, 4, 6 Antiemetics, 2 Bay leaves, 6 Antiepileptic, 2 Belladonna, 9 Antifungal, 3 bile, 8 Antihydropics, 3 bilious, 2 Anti-inflammatory, 3 Bitter, 5 Antilithics, 3 Bitter Tonic, 5 Antimalarial, 3 Black Cohosh, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 Antimicrobial, 3 Black Walnut, 5 Antimycotics, 3 Blackberries, 8 Antineoplastics, 3 Blackberry, 2, 3, 7, 10, 11 Antineuralgic, 3 bleeding, 11 Antioxidant, 3 Blister, 5, 9 Antiperiodics, 3 blistering, 5 Antiphlogistics, 3 blood, 1, 2, 7, 8 blood pressure, 9

Blue Cohosh, 3, 7, 8, 11 Cinnamon bark, 6, 7 Blue Violet, 5, 7 circulation, 5 body fluids, 3 Circulatory Stimulant, 6 boils, 9 Clary Sage, 5 Borage, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 cleansing, 7 bowels, 10 Cleavers, 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12 bronchio-pulmonary passages, 8 Clove oil, 9 Buchu, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12 Cloves, 1, 2, 7, 10 Buckwheat, 8 Coloring Agents, 6 Burdock, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 coloring or dyeing purposes, 6 Burdock leaves, 4 Coltsfoot, 2 Burdock root, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9 Comfrey, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 burn or destroy living tissue, 5 Comfrey root, 4, 7 Burnet, 10 Common Daisy leaves, 12 Calamint, 4, 6 complexion, 6 Calcefacients, 5 Condiments, 6 calculi, 3 congestion, 6, 11 Calendula, 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 12 contract tissues, 4 Calendula flowers: yellow, 6 contraction of the pupil, 9 calm, 11 contractions, 10, 11 Calmative, 5 convulsions, 2 capillary dilation, 11 cooling properties, 10 caraway, 1 Cordials, 6 Caraway oil, 9 Coriander, 5, 10 Cardiac Depressant, 5 Cornflower, 10 Cardiac Sedative, 5 Cornsilk, 7, 10 cardiac stimulant, 6 Correctives, 6 Cardiac Stimulants, 5 Cosmetics, 6 Cardiac Tonic, 5 Costmary, 6 Carminatives, 5 Couchgrass, 3, 7, 9, 10 Castor oil, 7, 10 cough, 4 catarrhal conditions, 2 Counter Irritants, 6 cathartic, 9 Counter-irritants, 9 Cathartic herb, 10 Cramp Bark, 2, 4 Cathartic herbs, 9 Crampbark, 2 Cathartics, 5, 6, 7 Cranesbill, 4, 8 Catnip, 1, 4, 6, 11 Dandelion, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11 Caustics, 5 Decongestant, 6 Cayenne, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11 Demulcents, 7 Celandine, 2, 9 Dental Anodynes, 7 Celandine juice, 5 Deobstruents, 7 Celery, 1 Deodorants, 7 Cell Proliferants, 5 depression, 2 Centaury, 3, 5 Depresso-motors, 7 Cephalics, 6 Depurants, 7 cerebral conditions and diseases, 6 Depuratives, 7 Chamomile, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 11 Dessicants, 7 Chickweed, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12 Detergents, 7 Chicory, 11 diabetes, 2 Cholagogues, 6 Diaphoretics, 7 Cicatrizant, 6 diarrhea, 2 Cinnamon, 5 diffusive stimulants, 5

Digestants, 7 fungi, 3 digestion, 5, 7 Galactagogues, 8 , 7 Galactophyous, 8 Digestives dilation of the blood vessels, 11 Garden, 1 dilation of the pupil, 9 Garden Sage, 7 Discutients, 7 Garden sage leaves: brown,, 6 Disinfectants, 7 garlic, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11 Diuretics, 7 gastrointestinal membranes, 5 Drastics, 7 gastrointestinal mucus membrane, 4 dropsy, 3 gastrointestinal tract, 5 Dwarf Elder root, 9 German Chamomile, 2, 3, 5, 8 Echinacea, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11 Ginger, 1 Elder bark, 9 Gingko, 3 Elder bark, leaves, and berries, 4 Goldenseal, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10 Elder flowers, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 Goldenseal: yellow, 6 Elder flowers and leaves, 3 Haemo, 8 Elderflowers, 1, 7, 10 Hawthorn berry., 5 Elecampane, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 12 heart, 5 eliminative organs, 1 heart’s action, 5 Emetics, 8 Hemetics, 8 Emmenagogues, 8 hemorrhaging, 8, 11 Emollients, 8 Hemostatics, 8 energize, 11 Hepatics, 8 energy, 11 Herpatics, 8 epilepsy, 2 high blood pressure, 9 Errhines, 8 Hollyhock, 12 Eucalyptol, 9 Hops, 1, 2, 4, 5 Eucalyptus, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 Horehound, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12 Eucalyptus essential oil, 2 Horseradish, 11 evacuants, 4 Hydragogue, 9 Evening Primrose, 12 Hypertensive, 9 Exanthematous, 8 Hypertensor, 9 Excito-Motors, 8 Hypnotics, 9 excretory passages, 3 Hypotensive, 9 Expectorants, 8 Hypotensors, 9 Eyebright, 10 Hyssop, 2, 3, 4, 7, 11, 12 eyes, 10 infection, 7 Febrifuges, 8 inflamed, 7 female reproductive organs, 8 inflamed parts, 5 Fennel, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 inflamed surface, 10 Fenugreek, 8 inflammation, 1, 3, 10, 11 Fenugreek seed, 6 Insecticides, 9 fever, 8 insects, 9 Feverfew, 5 internal bleeding, 8 fevers, 3 intestinal peristalsis, 5 Flaxseed, 5, 6, 8, 10 intestinal tract, 1, 5 flow and discharge of bile, 6 intestinal worms, 2 formation of scar tissue, 6 Iron, 8 foul odors, 7 Irritants, 9 Foxglove, 5 irritated, 7 Fumitory, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 irritation, 6 fungal growth, 3 Jaborandi, 9

jaundice, 2 Myrrh, 4, 7, 8 Juniper berries, 5 Narcotics, 9 Juniper Berry, 3, 6 nasal secretions, 8 kidney, 10 nasturtium, 2 labor, 10 nausea, 2, 10 Lady’s Slipper, 10 Nauseants, 10 Lavender, 2 Nephritics, 10 Lavender essential oil, 8 Nerve Sedatives, 7 Laxatives, 4, 9 nerves, 10, 11 Lemon balm, 6 nervine relaxants, 9 Lemon grass, 6 Nervine Tonics, 10 Lesser Celandine leaves, 5 Nervines, 10 Licorice, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11 nervous irritability, 4 Lily of the Valley, 6 nervous system, 10, 11 Lithotriptics, 9 Nettle, 8 liver, 8 neuralgia, 3 Lobelia, 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11 nourish, 10 Local anesthetic, 1 Nutmeg, 7 Local Anesthetics, 9 Nutritives, 10 loss of sensation, 9 Nux Vomica, 8 Lovage, 4, 7, 11 Olive oil, 9, 10 low blood pressure, 9 Opthalmics, 10 lungs, 10 Orexigenics, 10 lymphatic glands, 4 oxidation, 3 malaria, 3 Oxytocics, 10 malarial type fevers and chills, 3 pain, 1, 7 Mandrake, 7, 10, 11 pain in teeth, 7 Mandrake root, 8 Paprika, 6 Manganese, 8 parasites, 10 Manuka essential oil, 2, 4 Parasiticides, 10 Marjoram, 4 Parsley, 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12 Marshmallow, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12 Parsley juice, 3 Maturating, 9 Parsley seeds, 8 menstrual flow, 8 Parturients, 10 menstruation, 11 Passion flower, 9, 11 microorganisms, 3 Passionflower, 1 Miotics, 9 Peach leaves, 2 Mistletoe, 9 Pectorals, 10 Motherwort, 2, 5 Pennyroyal, 1, 9 motor reflex, 8 Peppermint, 1, 2, 6, 7 Mountain Flax, 5, 9, 10 peristalsis, 5, 10 Mouse Ear Hawkweed, 2 Peristaltics, 10 Mucilages, 9 Periwinkle, 3 mucilaginous properties, 7, 9 perspiration, 7, 11 mucous membranes, 11 Plantain, 2, 4, 7, 8, 11 Mullein, 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 10, 12 Pleurisy root, 5, 10 muscular contraction, 10 protective, 7, 8 muscular contractions, 4 Protectives, 10 muscular movement, 7 Pumpkin seeds, 2, 11 Mustard, 1 Pungents, 10 Mydriatics, 9 Purgative, 10 Myotics, 9 purgatives, 6

putrefaction, 4 Squaw Vine, 10 rapid healing, 5 St. John’s Wort, 2, 4, 8, 12 Red Clover, 3, 4, 7, 8 Sternutatories, 11

Red Raspberry, 3, 4, 8, 10 Stimulants, 11 Red Sage, 6, 8 stimulate, 8, 11 Refrigerants, 10 stimulating appetite, 5 Relaxant, 10 stimulating glandular secretions, 5 relieve pain, 6 stimulation, 6 remove obstructions, 7 Stinging Nettle, 1, 3, 6, 11 Resolvents, 10 stomach, 1, 8, 11 respiratory movement, 10 Stomachics, 11 Respiratory Stimulant, 10 Strawberries, 10 restoration, 5 strengthen, 8 rheumatism, 3 Styptics, 11 Roman Chamomile, 2, 5 sudoriferous glands, 11 Rosemary, 3, 6, 7 Sudorifics, 11 Rubefacients, 9, 11 Sweet Basil, 2, 10 Rue, 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11 Sweet Cicely, 4 Sage, 1, 8, 10, 11, 12 Sweet Fennel, 6 saliva, 11 swelling, 3, 6 Santonica, 11 syphilis, 4 Sarsaparilla, 11 Taenicides, 11 scurvy, 4 Taenifuges, 11 season or flavor foods, 6 Tansy, 9, 10, 11, 12 secretion of milk, 8 tapeworms, 11 Secretomotor, 11 tension, 10 sedative action, 5 thirst, 10 Sedatives, 11 Thyme, 2, 4, 6, 7, 11, 12 Self-Heal, 4, 10, 11 Thymol, 9 Senna, 10 tissues, 7 Senna leaves,, 5 Tomato, 1 Senna pods, 4 tone, 8 Sesame seeds, 6 Tonics, 11 sexual functions, 1 tranquilize, 11 sexual impulses, 4 tumors, 3, 7, 9 sharp prickling sensation, 10 Turkey Rhubarb, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11 Shepherds’ Purse, 3, 4 ulcers, 7, 9 Sialagogues, 11 urinary passages, 9 sinuses, 8 urine, 7 skin, 7, 8, 9, 11 Uterine Stimulant, 11 skin tonics, 6 Uva Ursi, 3, 5, 7, 10 Skullcap, 1, 2, 4, 10, 11 Valerian, 1, 4, 9, 10, 11 sleep, 9, 11 Vanilla, 6 Slippery Elm, 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10 vascular stimulation, 9 Slippery Elm., 3 Vasodilator, 11 sneezing, 11 venereal ailments, 4 soothing, 7, 8 Vermifuge, 11 Soporifics, 11 Vervain, 10 Spasmolytic, 11 violent peristalsis, 7 spasms, 4, 11 Violet, 10 Spearmint, 2, 4, 6 viruses, 4 spinal activity, 8 vomiting, 2, 8

Vulneraries, 12 worms, 11 warming to the stomach, 6 Wormwood, 1, 2, 11 Watercress, 3, 8, 10 wounds, 7, 12 watery stool, 9 Yarrow, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11 watery stools, 7 Yellow Dock, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8 Wild Yam, 8 Yellow Dock: yellow, 6 Witch Hazel, 2, 4, 6, 7, 11