SMR Technology Development in Russia and Capacity Building Supports for Embarking Countries
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Northern Sea Route Cargo Flows and Infrastructure- Present State And
Northern Sea Route Cargo Flows and Infrastructure – Present State and Future Potential By Claes Lykke Ragner FNI Report 13/2000 FRIDTJOF NANSENS INSTITUTT THE FRIDTJOF NANSEN INSTITUTE Tittel/Title Sider/Pages Northern Sea Route Cargo Flows and Infrastructure – Present 124 State and Future Potential Publikasjonstype/Publication Type Nummer/Number FNI Report 13/2000 Forfatter(e)/Author(s) ISBN Claes Lykke Ragner 82-7613-400-9 Program/Programme ISSN 0801-2431 Prosjekt/Project Sammendrag/Abstract The report assesses the Northern Sea Route’s commercial potential and economic importance, both as a transit route between Europe and Asia, and as an export route for oil, gas and other natural resources in the Russian Arctic. First, it conducts a survey of past and present Northern Sea Route (NSR) cargo flows. Then follow discussions of the route’s commercial potential as a transit route, as well as of its economic importance and relevance for each of the Russian Arctic regions. These discussions are summarized by estimates of what types and volumes of NSR cargoes that can realistically be expected in the period 2000-2015. This is then followed by a survey of the status quo of the NSR infrastructure (above all the ice-breakers, ice-class cargo vessels and ports), with estimates of its future capacity. Based on the estimated future NSR cargo potential, future NSR infrastructure requirements are calculated and compared with the estimated capacity in order to identify the main, future infrastructure bottlenecks for NSR operations. The information presented in the report is mainly compiled from data and research results that were published through the International Northern Sea Route Programme (INSROP) 1993-99, but considerable updates have been made using recent information, statistics and analyses from various sources. -
North Pole: the Ultimate Arctic Adventure
NORTH POLE: THE ULTIMATE ARCTIC ADVENTURE Imagine standing at the top of the Earth, glass of champagne in hand – and everywhere you look is south. That is the essence of the 14-day North Pole: The Ultimate Arctic Adventure aboard 50 Years of Victory, the most powerful nuclear icebreaker in the world. Crush through multiyear ice on the Arctic Ocean, sightsee by helicopter on the lookout for walruses, seals, whales, and polar bears, or take a tethered hot-air balloon ride at 90º N, weather permitting. Possible stops at the island of Franz Josef Land will have you in awe of the flora and fauna as you visit seabird colonies and retrace the footsteps of early explorers. 2019 MANDATORY TRANSFER PACKAGE INCLUDES One night’s pre- and post-expedition hotel accommodation in Helsinki with breakfast Round-trip flights from Helsinki to Murmansk Transfer to and from the ship Transfers between the airport and hotel in Helsinki 2020 MANDATORY TRANSFER PACKAGE INCLUDES: One night’s pre-expedition hotel accommodation in Helsinki Group transfer from hotel to charter flight in Helsinki on Day 2 Charter flight from Helsinki to Murmansk 01432 507 280 (within UK) [email protected] | small-cruise-ships.com Transfers to and from the ship From Helsinki, your charter flight will take you to Murmansk, Charter flight from Murmansk to Helsinki Russia, where you’ll embark on your voyage to the North Pole Group transfer from charter flight to hotel in Helsinki on and get acquainted with 50 Years of Victory, the world’s largest disembarkation day and most powerful icebreaker. -
Powered Icebreaker
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science PAPER • OPEN ACCESS Conceptual design and technical requirements analysis of nuclear- powered icebreaker To cite this article: Hu Yang et al 2021 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 781 042067 View the article online for updates and enhancements. This content was downloaded from IP address 170.106.33.22 on 24/09/2021 at 20:02 5th International Symposium on Resource Exploration and Environmental Science IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 781 (2021) 042067 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/781/4/042067 Conceptual design and technical requirements analysis of nuclear-powered icebreaker Hu Yang 1, Jianbo Rao 1 and Chenghua Zhu 2, * 1 Wuhan Institute of Shipbuilding Technology, Wuhan 430000, China 2 Wuhan Second Ship Design and Research Institute, Wuhan 430000, China *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. As the Arctic’s strategic position has become increasingly prominent, China’s existing icebreaker fleet has been unable to meet the growing demand for polar affairs such as polar scientific research, Arctic shipping, and polar emergency. From the perspective of route planning, the marine environmental conditions faced by nuclear- powered icebreakers have been sorted out. The research status of domestic nuclear power plant, the selection and design of nuclear power propulsion plant and the main technical requirements were put forward. Finally, the overall plan design was carried out from the aspects of general layout, main dimensions, shaft power, -
Russia's Nuclear Icebreaker Fleet
Science and Global Security, 14:25–31, 2006 Copyright C Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 0892-9882 print / 1547-7800 online DOI: 10.1080/08929880600620559 Russia’s Nuclear Icebreaker Fleet Oleg Bukharin Garrett Park, MD, USA Nuclear icebreakers remain important for the economic survival of Russia’s Arctic re- gions and are a central element of the Northern Sea Route development strategy.Reactor life extension activities are critical to sustaining the nuclear fleet, as several of the cur- rently operated nuclear icebreakers are reaching the end of design service life. Russia is also finishing a new icebreaker and is planning to build additional nuclear ships within the next 10–15 years. Nuclear icebreaker reactors are fueled with highly-enriched ura- nium (HEU), which has to be reliably protected against theft and diversion. NORTHERN SEA ROUTE Soviet nuclear icebreaker technology was a spinoff of the nuclear submarine program. It was a useful demonstration of the civilian benefits of nuclear propul- sion. It also was seen as an important element of the national strategy to develop Russia’s Arctic regions, a vast stretch of land rich in natural resources. Historically, the development of the Russian Arctic has been closely linked to the development of the Northern Sea Route (in Russian, Severny Morskoi Put’ or Sevmorput’), which was established by the Soviet Union in the 1930s. The route connects Russia’s Atlantic and Pacific ports and has been in regular use since World War II. It is open for navigation from June to November and relies on extensive infrastructure, including the fleet of icebreakers and ice- class cargo ships, aerial reconnaissance, meteorological stations, navigational aids, and port facilities. -
Atomic Icebreakers of “Taimyr” Type: Propulsion Capacity – 32 MW; Propulsion Capacity – 35 MW; Water Displacement – 19240 T
ROSATOMFLOT 2010 Summer-Autumn Transit Voyages Russian Atomic Fleet First Atomic Icebreaker “Lenin” - 03.12.1959 Atomic Icebreakers of “Taimyr” type: Propulsion Capacity – 32 MW; Propulsion Capacity – 35 MW; Water displacement – 19240 t. Water displacement 21000 t; i/b “Taimyr” – 30.06.1989 i/b “Yaygach” – 25.07.1990 Atomic icebreakers of “Arktika” type: Propulsion Capacity – 54 MW; Water displacement – 23000 t; Atomic container carrier i/b “Arktika” – 25.04.1975 “Sevmorput” – 30.12.1988 i/b “Sibir” – 28.12.1978 Propulsion Capacity – 32,5 MW; i/b “Rossia” – 21.12.1985 Water displacement – 61000 t; i/b “Sovetsky Soyuz” – 29.12.1989 Deadweight – 33900 t. i/b “Yamal” – 28.10.1992 i/b “50 Let Pobedy” – 23.03.2007 ROSATOMFLOT The Fleet On-shore Infrastructure 1308 employees 714 employees Atomic Fleet Special Vessels 4 special 6 atomic Decommissioned vessels Decommissioned icebreakers Atomic Container Carrier Sevmorput 4 i/b of Arktika mv Lepse type i/b Lenin mv Volodarsky i/b Sibir 2 i/b of Taimyr type i/b Arktika On-shore works: • base for the atomic icebreaking fleet; Atomic fleet has 16 vessels: • full complex of ship repair; Nuclear powered vessels - 10 • nuclear fuel handling; Atomic icebreakers - 9 • radioactive wastes handling. Atomic container carrier - 1 Special vessels - 6 The summer-autumn period of 2010 was marked by a number shipping operations which involved atomic icebreakers under operation of Rosatomflot. For the first time in the history of shipping a tanker of a 100 000 tons deadweight was piloted along the Northern Sea Route. Tanker SCF-Baltica (Aframax) under the flag of Liberia of 117 000 t deadweight and ice-class Arc 5 loaded 70 thousand tons of gas condensate and left the port of Murmansk (Russia) on 14 August. -
Northern Sea Route: Development Prospects and Uncertainties
Northern Sea Route: Development Prospects and Uncertainties January 2020 Northern Sea Route: Development Prospects and Uncertainties In 2018, the Northern Sea Route development project was added to Russia’s “2019-2024 Comprehensive Long-Haul Infrastructure Modernization and Expansion Plan” with a budget of over RUB 580 billion (USD 9.25 billion). Rosatom, the Russian state nuclear agency, has announced plans to establish a commercial shipping company and compete with the largest companies in the container shipping business. On the global market, the idea of developing the Northern Sea Route has generated controversial discussions on ecology, climate change and strong competition in the market. The largest shippers and manufacturers, including CMA CGM, MSC and Nike, have stated they will not ship goods through the Arctic Ocean due to the high impact on the regional ecology. PwC has recently completed a comprehensive analysis of the opportunities and threats related to developing the Northern Sea Route. Below, we summarize the major issues and challenges covered in our research. Who needs the Northern Sea Route? Although the Northern Sea Route was opened for The development of the Northern Sea Route took a international navigation back in 1991, step traffic new step forward when Yamal LNG facilities were dynamics was recorded only after 2012. The commissioned in 2017, followed by the inclusion of increase was driven by amendments to Federal Law the Northern Sea Route project in the “2019-2024 No. 155 “On Internal Waters, Territorial Sea and Comprehensive Long-Haul Infrastructure Contiguous Zone”, which legally defined the Modernization and Expansion Plan” with a total boundaries of the Northern Sea Route and budget of over RUB 580 billion for the next five established the Northern Sea Route Administration years. -
EURASIA States Continue to Invest in Russian Energy
EURASIA States Continue to Invest in Russian Energy OE Watch Commentary: The Arctic LNG 2 project is located on the eastern side of the Gulf of Ob-an extension of the Arctic Kara Sea. It is opposite Novatek’s “Under the terms of the deal, Total buys original Arctic LNG project designed to exploit the vast LNG fields of the Yamal 10% in Arctic LNG 2 and has an option to (Gydan) Peninsula as the accompanying excerpted article from Interfax reports. Total is a major energy giant based in France, while Mitsubishi of Japan, Kogas increase its stake to 15% if Novatek reduces of South Korea, Nuovo of Italy and Saudi Arabia have also been in talks with its participation interest below 60%.” Novatek. End OE Watch Commentary (Grau) Source: “Novatek closes sale of 10% stake in Arctic LNG 2 to Total,” Interfax, 7 March 2019. https://www.interfax.com The Arctic LNG 2 project involves building three LNG trains at 6.6 million tons per annum each, using gravity-based structure (GBS) platforms. [An “LNG train” is a liquefied natural gas plant’s liquefaction and purification facility. In order to transport LNG from one country to another, its volume has to be dramatically reduced. To do this, the gas must be liquefied by refrigeration to less than -161 °C. This refrigeration process is conducted in multiple units arranged sequentially-like a train.] The project is based on the hydrocarbon resources of the Utrennoye field on the Gydan Peninsula. The final investment decision on the project is expected to be made in the second half of 2019, and production at the first train of the plant is scheduled to start in 2023. -
Russian Arctic Nuclear Development
Russia’s plans for Arctic development depend on marine nuclear power Peter Lobner 30 October 2019 1 Rational for marine nuclear power in the Arctic Vessel propulsion was the first Arctic application of marine nuclear power, offering the following useful attributes: Very powerful propulsion plants enable expanded mission capabilities. Without the need for a propulsion air supply, under ice operations became practical. Operations are not restricted by a need to refuel frequently. Long-duration missions can be conducted without support. Non-propulsion applications of marine nuclear power include delivery of electric power, process heat and/or desalinated water to towns, facilities and systems in remote Arctic coastal regions and to off- shore facilities and systems sited on above-water platforms or on the seabed. A large power source is needed to support remote towns and development and operation of large-scale industrial and military facilities and systems. Can minimize the amount of on-shore development needed before power delivery can start from a transportable power plant. Can meet high power demands in the hostile marine environments of Arctic off-shore platforms and the Arctic seabed. Can meet Arctic Council requirements for low carbon emissions in the Arctic. 2 Orientation to the Arctic region 3 Arctic boundary As defined by the US Arctic Research and Policy Act US Arctic Research Commission map, rotated 180 degrees, based on the US Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984 (Amended 1990). Source: https://www.arctic.gov/maps.html 4 Arctic boundary As defined by the Arctic Council On 11 May 2017, the eight member states of the Arctic Council approved a legally binding agreement entitled, “Agreement on Enhancing International Arctic Scientific Cooperation,” which is intended to ease the movement of scientists, scientific equipment and data sharing across the North. -
Rosatom Technical Academy” (Rosatom Tech)
“Rosatom Technical Academy” (Rosatom Tech) Developments of Nuclear Technologies in Russia 3rd of Febuary 2020, STTN-BATAN Evgenii Varseev Assitant to vice-rector for international cooperation, Rosatom Tech © 2019 Rosatom Tech Self Introduction Eugeny Varseev Specialist in International training at Rosatom Tech since 2016 Education 2014-2016 – Master’s degree in “New-generation nuclear power technologies and advanced NFC” at National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia 2012-2016 – PhD student, Majoring in Development, operation and decommissioning of nuclear power facilities PhD dissertation title: «Masstransfer in circuits with liquid metal coolants», Institute for Physics and Power Engineering (IPPE), Obninsk, Russia 2006-2012 – Specialist degree (5.5 years) in “Nuclear reactors and power facilities” at Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering (IATE NRNU MEPhI), Obninsk, Russia Work experience Since November 2019 – assistant to vice-rector o Rosatom Tech for int. cooperation 2016 - 2019 – Specialist of International Center at Rosatom Tech, Obninsk, Russia 2011 - 2016 – Research engineer at SSC RF - Institute for Physics and Power Engineering named after A.I. Leypunsky, Obninsk, Russia © Rosatom Tech 2 Rosatom in a Nut Shell • More than 260 000 people in 400 nuclear companies and R&D institutions - total number of employees • 80 000 people (30%) are employees under 35 years • 43 years old- average age of employees • More than 3 300 people employees with PhD and Doctor Degrees • 1800 graduates each year are recruited -
The Russian Northern Fleet Sources of Radioactive Contamination
NO9600025 Bellona Report Volume 2:1996 NEI-NO--726 \ Sources of Radioactive contamination Thomas Nilsen Igor Kudrik Alexandr Nikitin BELLONA V .., I! V: NO9600025 Bellona Report Volume 2:1996 The Russian Northern Fleet Sources of Radioactive contamination Thomas Nilsen Igor Kudrik Alexandr Nikitin 2 C 1 0 1 The publication of this report is sponsored by: Stiftelsen Fritt Ord/Foundation for Freedom of Expression (Main contributor) Contributors: Norsk Hydro a.s. Petrochemicals Division NORSAS, Norwegian Resource Centre for Waste Aker ASA Management and Recycling Chemical Workers Union of Norway Norsk Sivilingeni0rers Forening Norwegian Seafood Export Council Norges ingeni0rorganisasjon (NITO) FESIL AS Green Sea Operations AS Norwegian Society of Engineers UNI STOREBRAND Confederation of Norwegian Business and Industry AGAAS WASA Forsiikring (Stockholm) OZO Hotwater A/S Norwegian Fishermen's Association Energiforsyningens Fellesorganisasjon EnFO Norwegian Federation of Oilworkers' Trade Union Store Norske Spitsbergen Kullkompani AS Norwegian Polar Institute Svalbard Samfunnsdrift AS Odda Smelteverk Norzink AS Published by: The Bellona Foundation Norway: P.O. Box 2141, Griinerl0kka N-0505 OSLO, Norway. E-mail: [email protected] Russia: Brussels: USA Russia Bellona Europa Bellona USA 183038 Murmansk 142-144 Avenue de Tervueren 310 D Street NE P.O. Box 4310 B-1150Bruxelles Washington, DC 20002 Bellona Russia Belgium USA E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] URL: Photos: Copying permitted when source is http://www.grida.no/ngo/bellona/ John Berg (archive), Thorbj0rn Bj0r- stated. kli, Per Stale Bugjerde, Nils B0hmer, ISBN 82-993138-5-6 The Norwegian Defence, Frederic Comments to this report are welco- ISSN 0806-3451 Hauge, Aleksej Klimov, Igor Kudrik, med. -
Nuclear Reactors in Arctic Russia
NUCLEAR REACTORS IN ARCTIC RUSSIA Scenario 2035 The nuclearification of Russian Arctic territories is by Moscow given highest priority for development in shipping, infrastructure and exploration of natural resources. Additionally, the number of navy military reactors in the north will increase substantially over the next 15 years. This scenario paper gives an overview of the situation. The paper is part of the Barents Observer’s analytical popular science studies on developments in the Euro-Arctic Region. Thomas Nilsen June 2019 June 2019 The Barents Observer – Nuclear Reactors in Northern Russia, June 2019 1 June 2019 Published by: The Independent Barents Observer Address: Storgata 5, 9900 Kirkenes, Norway E-mail: [email protected] thebarentsobserver.com (English, Russian and Chinese versions of the news-portal) Twitter @BarentsNews Instagram: @BarentsObserver Facebook.com/BarentsObserver/ Author: Thomas Nilsen, E-mail: [email protected] Twitter: @NilsenThomas Photos and illustrations: Rosatom, Rosatomflot, Thomas Nilsen, Oleg Kuleshov, H I Sutton, Atle Staalesen, Alexey Mkrtchyan, Wikimedia Commons. Keywords: Nuclear, Reactors, Icebreakers, Submarines, Northern Fleet, Russia, Arctic, Northern Sea Route, Nuclear Power, Kola Peninsula, Siberia, Arkhangelsk, Severodvinsk, Severomorsk, Murmansk, Pevek, Barents Sea, Kara Sea, White Sea. This publication is financially supported with a grant from the Norwegian Government’s Nuclear Action Plan administrated by the Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority. (www.dsa.no/en/). The Barents Observer – Nuclear Reactors in Northern Russia, June 2019 2 June 2019 Introduction At the peak of the Cold War some 150 nuclear-powered submarines were based on the Barents Sea coast of the Kola Peninsula. Many ships were transporting and storing nuclear waste and at shipyards and bases, spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste was accumulated. -
State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom
STATE ATOMIC ENERGY CORPORATION ROSATOM. STATE ATOMIC ENERGY CORPORATION ROSATOM. PERFORMANCE IN 2019 PERFORMANCE IN 2019 PERFORMANCE OF STATE ATOMIC ENERGY CORPORATION ROSATOM IN 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS Report Profile 4 CHAPTER 7. DEVELOPMENT OF THE NORTHERN SEA ROUTE 122 7.1. Escorting Vessels and Handling Cargo Traffic along the Northern Sea Route 127 CHAPTER 1. OUR ACHIEVEMENTS 6 7.2. Construction of New Icebreakers 128 History of the Russian Nuclear Industry 8 7.3. New Products 128 ROSATOM Today 10 7.4. Digitization of Operations 128 Key Results in 2019 14 7.5. Activities of FSUE Hydrographic Enterprise 129 Key Events in 2019 15 7.6. Plans for 2020 and for the Medium Term 130 Address by the Chairman of the Supervisory Board 16 Address by the Director General 17 CHAPTER 8. EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES 132 Address by a Stakeholder Representative 18 8.1. Corporate Governance 135 Financial and Economic Results 20 8.2. Risk Management 141 8.3. Performance of Government Functions 155 CHAPTER 2. STRATEGY FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE 22 8.4. Financial and Investment Management 158 2.1. Business Strategy until 2030 24 8.5. ROSATOM Production System 164 2.2. Sustainable Development Management 28 8.6. Procurement Management 168 2.3. Value Creation and Business Model 34 8.7. Internal Control System 172 8.8. Prevention of Corruption and Other Offences 174 CHAPTER 3. CONTRIBUTION TO GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT 40 3.1. Markets Served by ROSATOM 42 CHAPTER 9. DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN POTENTIAL 176 3.2. International Cooperation 55 AND INFRASTRUCTURE 3.3. International Business 63 9.1.