Aspects of Coherence for Entity Analysis

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Aspects of Coherence for Entity Analysis Aspects of Coherence for Entity Analysis Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Neuphilologischen Fakultät der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Vorgelegt von: Benjamin Heinzerling Referent: Prof. Dr. Michael Strube Korreferentin: Prof. Dr. Anette Frank Einreichung: 8. November 2018 Disputation: 22. Januar 2019 iii Abstract Natural language understanding is an important topic in natural language proces- sing. Given a text, a computer program should, at the very least, be able to under- stand what the text is about, and ideally also situate it in its extra-textual context and understand what purpose it serves. What exactly it means to understand what a text is about is an open question, but it is generally accepted that, at a minimum, un- derstanding involves being able to answer questions like “Who did what to whom? Where? When? How? And Why?”. Entity analysis, the computational analysis of entities mentioned in a text, aims to support answering the questions “Who?” and “Whom?” by identifying entities mentioned in a text. If the answers to “Where?” and “When?” are specific, named locations and events, entity analysis can also pro- vide these answers. Entity analysis aims to answer these questions by performing entity linking, that is, linking mentions of entities to their corresponding entry in a knowledge base, coreference resolution, that is, identifying all mentions in a text that refer to the same entity, and entity typing, that is, assigning a label such as Person to mentions of entities. In this thesis, we study how different aspects of coherence can be exploited to improve entity analysis. Our main contribution is a method that allows exploiting knowledge-rich, specific aspects of coherence, namely geographic, temporal, and entity type coherence. Geographic coherence expresses the intuition that entities mentioned in a text tend to be geographically close. Similarly, temporal coherence captures the intuition that entities mentioned in a text tend to be close in the tem- poral dimension. Entity type coherence is based in the observation that in a text about a certain topic, such as sports, the entities mentioned in it tend to have the same or related entity types, such as sports team or athlete. We show how to integrate features modeling these aspects of coherence into entity linking systems and esta- blish their utility in extensive experiments covering different datasets and systems. Since entity linking often requires computationally expensive joint, global optimi- zation, we propose a simple, but effective rule-based approach that enjoys some of the benefits of joint, global approaches, while avoiding some of their drawbacks. To enable convenient error analysis for system developers, we introduce a tool for iv visual analysis of entity linking system output. Investigating another aspect of co- herence, namely the coherence between a predicate and its arguments, we devise a distributed model of selectional preferences and assess its impact on a neural core- ference resolution system. Our final contribution examines how multilingual entity typing can be improved by incorporating subword information. We train and make publicly available subword embeddings in 275 languages and show their utility in a multilingual entity typing task. v Zusammenfassung Automatisches Sprachverstehen ist ein wichtiger Teilbereich der natürlichen Sprach- verarbeitung. Gegeben einen Eingabetext, sollte ein Computerpgrogramm verste- hen, worum es in diesem Text geht und idealerweise darüberhinaus sogar warum und in welchem außertextlichen Zusammenhang er verfasst wurde. Auch wenn die Frage, was genau es heißt einen Text zu verstehen bisher nicht beantwortet ist, scheint es allgemein als Mindestvoraussetzung akzeptiert, in der Lage zu sein, Fra- gen wie “Wer hat was mit wem gemacht? Wo? Wann? Wie? Warum?” zu beant- worten. Entity analysis hat zum Ziel, unter diesen Fragen auf das “Wer?” und das “Wem?” Antworten zu geben. Darüber hinaus kann entity analysis auch die Fra- ge “Wo?” und “Wann?” beantworten, wenn es sich hierbei um konkret benennbare Orte und Ereignisse handelt, wie zum Beispiel Städte oder die erste Mondlandung. Entity analysis beinhaltet drei Unteraufgaben: Entity linking, Koreferenzresolution und entity typing. Ziel im entity linking ist es, Ausdrücke in einem Text, die Enti- täten referenzieren zu finden und diese mit dem entsprechenden Eintrag in einer Wissensbasis zu verlinken. Auch die Koreferenzresolution findet solche Ausdrücke und gruppiert alle Ausdrücke, die dieselbe Entität referenzieren. Im entity typing wird jedem Ausdruck, der eine Entität referenziert, eine Klasse, wie zum Beispiel Person, zugewiesen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit untersuchen wir, wie verschiedene Aspekte der Ko- härenz verwendet werden können, um entity analysis zu verbessern. Unser Haupt- beitrag ist eine Methode, die es erlaubt mehrere spezifische Aspekte der Kohärenz zu verwenden, obwohl diese rechnerisch sehr aufwändig sind. Konkret führen wir hierfür geographische Kohärenz, temporale Kohärenz, und Entitätsklassenkohä- renz ein. Geographische Kohärenz spiegelt die Intuition wieder, nach der Entitäten, die in einem Text erwähnt werden, tendenziell geographisch nahe beieinander lie- gen. In ähnlicher Weise basiert temporale Kohärenz auf der Beobachtung, dass Enti- täten, die ein eimen Text erwähnt werden oft zeitlich nahe beieinander liegen. Enti- tätsklassenkohärenz drückt aus, dass Entitäten die einem Text über ein bestimmtes Thema wie zum Beispiel Sport erwähnt werden, oft denselben oder verwandten En- titätsklassen zugehören, wie zum Beispiel Verein oder Sportler. Wir demonstrieren, vi wie man diese Aspekte der Kohärenz als Features in ein Entity-Linking-System in- tegrieren kann, und dass diese Features zu besseren Ergebnissen in einer ausführli- chen Evaluierung führen. Da entity linking oft rechnerisch aufwändige, sogennante joint und globale Optimierung benötigt, schlagen wir eine Methode vor, die einige, aber nicht alle Vorteile dieser Art von Optimierung genießt und einige ihrer Nach- teile vermeidet. In der Koreferenzresolution untersuchen wir die semantische Über- einstimmung zwischem einem Prädikat und seinen Argumenten als einen weiteren Aspekt der Kohärenz. Hierzu entwicklen wir ein distributionelles Modell von Se- lektionspräferenzen und messen dessen Auswirkung auf die Qualität eines neuro- nales Koreferenzresolutionssystems. Schließlich untersuchen wir, wie entity typing durch sogenannte subword-Ansätze verbessert werden kann. Hierfür trainieren wir subword embeddings in 275 Sprachen und zeigen, dass diese entity typing in mehre- ren Sprachen verbessern. vii Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Thesis Overview . .1 1.2 Research Questions . .2 1.3 Contributions . .3 1.4 Published Work . .4 2 Background 5 2.1 Coherence . .5 2.2 Entity Analysis . 10 2.2.1 Terminology . 12 2.3 Entity Linking . 16 2.3.1 Entity Disambiguation by Local Inference . 19 2.3.2 Entity Disambiguation by Global Inference . 20 3 Aspects of Coherence in Entity Linking 23 3.1 Interleaved Multitasking for Entity Linking . 23 3.1.1 Interleaved Multitasking . 25 3.1.2 Sieves for Entity Linking . 28 3.1.3 Evaluation at the TAC 2015 Entity Discovery and Linking Shared Task ................................. 34 Task specification . 34 Data . 35 Evaluation . 35 Implementation . 37 Results . 38 3.1.4 Limitations . 41 3.1.5 Summary . 43 3.2 Global Coherence in Entity Linking . 43 3.2.1 Exploiting Global Coherence without Global Inference . 43 3.2.2 Aspects of Global Coherence . 48 Geographic Coherence . 48 viii Temporal Coherence . 49 Entity Type Coherence . 51 Generic Semantic Relatedness . 52 3.2.3 Pairwise Coherence Features . 53 3.2.4 Local Features . 53 3.2.5 Experiments . 54 Data . 54 Systems . 55 3.2.6 Implementation and Experimental Setup . 56 3.2.7 Results and Discussion . 57 3.2.8 Candidate Reranking . 59 3.2.9 Ablation Study . 59 3.2.10 Automatic Verification on Noisy Text . 60 3.2.11 Comparison of Automatic Verification to Related Methods . 61 3.2.12 Summary . 62 3.3 Visual Entity Explorer: A Tool for Analysis of Entity Linking Errors . 63 3.3.1 Motivation . 63 3.3.2 The Visual Entity Explorer . 64 3.3.3 Visualizing Entity Linking Errors . 66 Partial Mention Detection Errors . 66 Full Mention Detection Errors . 66 Linking/Clustering Errors . 66 3.3.4 Usage examples . 67 3.3.5 Insights Gained from Error Analysis . 69 3.3.6 Implementation . 69 3.3.7 Design Decisions . 70 3.3.8 Summary . 72 4 Selectional Preferences for Coreference Resolution 73 4.1 Preference and Affordance . 73 4.2 Selectional Preferences for Coreference Resolution . 75 4.3 Modeling Selectional Preferences . 78 4.3.1 Distributed Representation of Selectional Preferences . 79 4.3.2 Enhanced++ Universal Dependencies . 81 4.3.3 Fine-grained Entity Types. 83 4.4 Implementation . 84 4.4.1 Qualitative Evaluation . 87 4.5 Do Selectional Preferences Improve Coreference Resolution? . 92 ix 4.5.1 Limitations . 96 4.6 Summary . 96 5 Multilingual Entity Typing with Subword Units 99 5.1 Introduction . 99 5.1.1 Type Inventory . 100 5.1.2 Feature-based Entity Typing . 102 5.1.3 Neural Entity Typing . 104 5.1.4 The Unknown Word Problem in Entity Typing . 105 5.1.5 The Rare Word Problem in Entity Typing . 107 5.2 Subwords as a solution to the unknown and rare word problems . 107 5.2.1 Subword units . 110 Morphemes . 110 Characters . 110 Character n-grams . 111 FastText . 111 Byte Pair Encoding (BPE) . 112 5.3 BPEmb : Byte Pair Embeddings in 275 Languages . 116 5.3.1 Qualitative Evaluation . 117 5.4 Multilingual Entity Typing with Subword Units . 121 5.4.1 Evaluation: Comparison to FastText and Character Embed- dings . 121 5.4.2 Experimental Setup . 121 Fine-grained Entity Typing . 121 Data . 121 Method . 124 Subword Units . 125 Composition Functions . 126 Hyper-parameter Search . 127 Evaluation . 127 5.4.3 Results and Discussion . 130 Comparison of Subword Units . 130 Comparison of Composition Functions . 130 Multilingual Results . 131 Limitations . 133 5.4.4 Summary . 134 x 6 Conclusions 135 6.1 Outlook . ..
Recommended publications
  • Knowledge Representation in Bicategories of Relations
    Knowledge Representation in Bicategories of Relations Evan Patterson Department of Statistics, Stanford University Abstract We introduce the relational ontology log, or relational olog, a knowledge representation system based on the category of sets and relations. It is inspired by Spivak and Kent’s olog, a recent categorical framework for knowledge representation. Relational ologs interpolate between ologs and description logic, the dominant formalism for knowledge representation today. In this paper, we investigate relational ologs both for their own sake and to gain insight into the relationship between the algebraic and logical approaches to knowledge representation. On a practical level, we show by example that relational ologs have a friendly and intuitive—yet fully precise—graphical syntax, derived from the string diagrams of monoidal categories. We explain several other useful features of relational ologs not possessed by most description logics, such as a type system and a rich, flexible notion of instance data. In a more theoretical vein, we draw on categorical logic to show how relational ologs can be translated to and from logical theories in a fragment of first-order logic. Although we make extensive use of categorical language, this paper is designed to be self-contained and has considerable expository content. The only prerequisites are knowledge of first-order logic and the rudiments of category theory. 1. Introduction arXiv:1706.00526v2 [cs.AI] 1 Nov 2017 The representation of human knowledge in computable form is among the oldest and most fundamental problems of artificial intelligence. Several recent trends are stimulating continued research in the field of knowledge representation (KR).
    [Show full text]
  • Category Theory and Cyber Physical Systems
    Category theory and Cyber physical systems Eswaran Subrahmanian (CMU/NIST) Spencer Breiner (NIST) July 22, 2017 CPS workshop Robert Bosch Center for Cyber Physical Systems IISC Bangalore, India Talk outline • Basic elements of CPS • CPS as composition of different systems • Category theory • A formalism for representing different formalisms • A formalism for composing system from from formalisms. • Ologs • A CT based knowledge representation scheme • Examples of database intergration • Cyber and Physical system and composition. • String diagram for Process composition • Basic elements • Antilock brakes - Top level • Antilock brakes – Expanding The modulator • Redesign for traction control + stability control • Incorporating semantics • Conclusion Cyber physical system: A definition Cyber Physical Systems Interconnected Systems & Control Internet of Things Sensing and Acting Physical Environment Things Person Network Physical World 3 Basic elements and composition of CPS Basic elements • Perceptual devices: Identification and Measurements • Actuating devices: activation results in action • Physical devices: transmission, amplification of power, • Logical devices: computational/logical • Humans devices: mental model Multiple Modeling formalisms: logic, state machines, differential equations, stochastic models, etc. Requires composition and compositionality to ensure desired behavior Category theory • Category Theory (CT) is a potential solution. • CT is the mathematical theory of abstract processes and composition • CT could be thought of as the conceptual operating system. Categories & Composition • A category is a universe of resources (objects) �, �, �, … and processes (arrows) �, �, ℎ, … • Every process has input and output resources, indicated �:�→�. • The main property of categorical processes is that they compose: Category theory: relationship to domains Category Theory as a universal Modeling Language (Spivak, 2015*) The Category Theory (CT) view of modeling – two postulates: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • 20170910-Full
    ELECTROTECHNICA & ELECTRONICA E+E Vol. 52. No 9-10/2017 Monthly scientific and technical journal Published by: The Union of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications /CEEC/, BULGARIA Editor-in-chief: C O N T E N T S Prof. Ivan Yatchev, Bulgaria TELECOMMUNICATIONS SCIENCE Deputy Editor-in-chief: Assoc. Prof. Seferin Mirtchev, Bulgaria Zdravka Tchobanova Editorial Board: Cooperative spectrum sensing - overview 1 Prof. Anatoliy Aleksandrov, Bulgaria Acad. Prof. Chavdar Rumenin, Bulgaria Stanimir Sadinov Prof. Christian Magele, Austria Simulation study and analysis in transmitting Prof. Georgi Stoyanov, Bulgaria RZ and NRZ coded signals into 10 Gbps optical line Assoc. Prof. Evdokia Sotirova, Bulgaria with optical amplifying sections 9 Prof. Ewen Ritchie, Denmark Prof. Hannes Toepfer, Germany ELECTRONICS Dr. Hartmut Brauer, Germany Prof. Marin Hristov, Bulgaria Kiril Ivanov Prof. Maurizio Repetto, Italy Plasma sterilization – special features Prof. Mihail Antchev, Bulgaria and new approaches in medical applications 15 Prof. Nikolay Mihailov, Bulgaria Prof. Radi Romansky, Bulgaria INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES Prof. Rosen Vasilev, Bulgaria Prof. Takeshi Tanaka, Japan Elena Shoikova, Anatoly Peshev Prof. Ventsislav Valchev, Bulgaria Best practices for designing user experience Dr. Vladimir Shelyagin, Ukraine for Internet of Things and virtual reality 22 Acad. Prof. Yuriy I. Yakymenko, Ukraine Assoc. Prof. Zahari Zarkov, Bulgaria APPLICATION IN PRACTICE Advisory Board: Prof. Dimitar Rachev, Bulgaria Milan Stankov Prof. Emil Sokolov, Bulgaria From electrica to invariant automatic Corr. Member Prof. Georgi Mladenov, Bulgaria (Or how to use the knowledge about Theory of electricity Prof. Ivan Dotsinski, Bulgaria for enter into Theory of invariant automatic control). Assoc. Prof. Ivan Vassilev, Bulgaria Part two: Electromechanical dualism. Assoc. Prof. Ivan Shishkov, Bulgaria Universality of energetic equations.
    [Show full text]
  • Knowledge Representation in Bicategories of Relations
    Knowledge Representation in Bicategories of Relations Evan Patterson Department of Statistics, Stanford University Abstract We introduce the relational ontology log, or relational olog, a knowledge repre- sentation system based on the category of sets and relations. It is inspired by Spivak and Kent’s olog, a recent categorical framework for knowledge representation. Relational ologs interpolate between ologs and description logic, the dominant for- malism for knowledge representation today. In this paper, we investigate relational ologs both for their own sake and to gain insight into the relationship between the algebraic and logical approaches to knowledge representation. On a practical level, we show by example that relational ologs have a friendly and intuitive—yet fully precise—graphical syntax, derived from the string diagrams of monoidal categories. We explain several other useful features of relational ologs not possessed by most description logics, such as a type system and a rich, flexible notion of instance data. In a more theoretical vein, we draw on categorical logic to show how relational ologs can be translated to and from logical theories in a fragment of first-order logic. Although we make extensive use of categorical language, this paper is designed to be self-contained and has considerable expository content. The only prerequisites are knowledge of first-order logic and the rudiments of category theory. 1. Introduction The representation of human knowledge in computable form is among the oldest and most fundamental problems of artificial intelligence. Several recent trends are stimulating continued research in the field of knowledge representation (KR). The birth of the Semantic Web [BHL01] in the early 2000s has led to new technical standards and motivated new machine learning techniques to automatically extract knowledge from unstructured text [Nic+16].
    [Show full text]
  • Using Category Theory to Facilitate Multiple Manufacturing Service Database Integration
    Using Category Theory to facilitate multiple manufacturing service database integration Ryan Wisnesky, Spencer Breiner, Albert Jones, David I. Spivak, Eswaran Subrahmanian Ryan Wisnesky Categorical Informatics Cambridge, MA, USA Email: [email protected] Spencer Breiner Software and Systems Division Information Technology Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST) Gaithersburg, MD, USA Email: [email protected] Albert Jones Systems Integration Division Engineering Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST) Gaithersburg, MD, USA Email:[email protected] David I. Spivak Department of Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge, MA 02139 Email:[email protected] Eswaran Subrahmanian Institute for Complex Engineered Systems and Engineering and Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213 [email protected] Corresponding Author: Eswaran Subrahmanian, Software and Systems Division, National institute of Standards and Technology, Mail Stop 8970, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, Email: [email protected] . Using Category Theory to facilitate multiple manufacturing service portal integration Abstract The goal of this paper is to illustrate the use of category theory as a basis for the integration of supply chain databases. We begin by discussing existing work on using OWL ontologies to integrate supply chain databases. In this paper we use as our reference prior work by Kolvatunyu et.al (2013) on the use of OWL-based semantic web tools to study the integration of different manufacturing service capability (MSC) databases using a generic-model approach that they propose in their paper. We approach the same task using a different set of tools, specifically category theory and FQL, a functorial query language based on categorical mathematics.
    [Show full text]
  • A Proposal for an Embodied Rhetoric of Professional Practice
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research Guttman Community College 2002 Writing an Important Body of Scholarship: A Proposal for an Embodied Rhetoric of Professional Practice Jane Hindman CUNY Guttman Community College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/nc_pubs/71 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Writing an Important Body of Scholarship: A Proposal for an Embodied Rhetoric of Professional Practice Jane E. Hindman I begin my reasoning and reflecting (as I almost always do) in the throes of contradiction. On this occasion, the inconsistency concerns our profes sional standing. I'm not gesturing to the oft-mentioned conflict between our institutional status as gatekeepers of Standard Written English and our disciplinary claim to be oppositional intellectuals. That paradox does indeed deserve attention and plays a significant role in my inquiry, but as a point of departure I want to explore a puzzling discrepancy between the content of our disciplinary arguments and the discursive moves that enable them. My hope is that the exploration will reveal the ideological constraints of the abstract, rationalist, disembodied rhetoric our profes sion usually demands. Since it is by definition constrained by the logic of noncontradiction and by professional standards, that rhetoric mystifies the professional practices that authorize it. Such mystification of our discourse renders us vulnerable to Jack Selzer's charge that "the relationship of rhetorical events to the material world that sustains and produces them has not often enough been fully elaborated or clearly articulated" (9).
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing the Impact of Open Access on Museum Image Use Policy
    ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF OPEN ACCESS ON MUSEUM IMAGE USE POLICY A thesis submitted to the faculty of San Francisco State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree 3< o J io f t Master of Arts m r In Museum Studies by Ian Matthew Gill San Francisco, California May 2017 Copyright by Ian Matthew Gill 2017 198 Appendix 1: Survey Contact Script Ian Gill, Graduate Candidate Museum Studies Program San Francisco State University 1600 Holloway Ave. San Francisco, CA 94132 (415) 338-2176 [email protected] November 17, 2016 «FirstName» «LastName», «Title» «Company» «Address1» «City», «State» «PostalCode» Dear «FirstName», My name is Ian Gill and I am conducting a project on the online presentation of collections information in U.S. museums, specifically as it relates to institutional image use and reproduction policies. The information gathered will be used to analyze museum practice in these areas, and situate them within the context of the burgeoning “Open Access” movement. I am hoping that I might have approximately ten minutes of your time to complete the enclosed survey. The data collected from this survey will be used for the completion of a Master of Arts degree in Museum Studies at San Francisco State University. You have been contacted because you are a registrar or information manager working with collections at an AAM-accredited Art Museum. If you agree to complete the survey, please understand that any information provided by you may appear in the final written thesis. However, note that you need not supply any information on the response that links your museum to the survey.
    [Show full text]
  • An Expert System for Loan Decisions
    COSC460 Honours Project Report Department of Computer Science University of Canterbury An Expert System for Loan Decisions By Lawrence Ang 1987 Supervisor : Dr. Wolfgang Kreutzer Honours Project Report LOANEX Acknowledgements I wish to thank the following persons : Dr Wolfgang Kreutzer, my supervisor, for his advice on various aspects of this project; Mr Robin Whitmore, of United, for creating this project and agreeing to provide the PC for development; Dr Graeme Black, of United, for providing technical assistance and liason; Mr Norman Farquhar, of United, for his patience in explaining the problems about mortgages and loans to me; and the staff of United Cashel Branch for allowing me to sit in at the loan interviews that they were conducting. And finally but not least, I wish to thank my wife, Trindy, for her encouragement and love. Honours Project Report LOANEX Table of Contents Page 1. Introduction ..................................................................... 1 2. Approach taken to the Project .... .. .... .. .. ...... .. .... .. .. ...... .... ......... 2 3. Specification of the Problem .................................................. 3 4. Initial Investigation (Feasibility Study) ...................................... 5 4.1 Desirable Features of an Expert System ... ... ......... ......... ...... 5 4.2 Drawbacks of Existing Expert Systems .................... .. .. ... ... 6 4.3 Pros And Cons of Expert Systems .................................... 7 4.4 Reviews of some Expert Systems .... ..... .......... ...... ... ........
    [Show full text]
  • Gene Ologs: a Categorical Framework for Gene Ontology
    Gene ologs: a categorical framework for Gene Ontology Yanying Wu∗1,2 1Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, UK 2Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, UK Sept 26, 2019 Abstract Gene Ontology (GO) is the most important resource for gene func- tion annotation. It provides a way to unify biological knowledge across different species via a dynamic and controlled vocabulary. GO is now widely represented in the Semantic Web standard Web Ontology Lan- guage (OWL). OWL renders a rich logic constructs to GO but also has its limitations. On the other hand, olog is a different language for on- tology and it is based on category theory. Due to its solid mathematical background, olog can be rigorously formulated yet considerably expres- sive. These advantages make ologs complementary, if not better than, OWL. We therefore think it worthwhile to adopt ologs for GO and took an initial step in this work. arXiv:1909.11210v1 [q-bio.GN] 24 Sep 2019 ∗[email protected] 1 Introduction Despite the amazing diversity of life forms on earth, genomic sequencing revealed that many genes are actually conserved among different species. Therefore our knowledge of gene functions for one species can be transformed to another. How- ever, using natural language to describe gene function causes misunderstanding and thus is unsuitable for such knowledge transferring. Gene Ontology (GO) was created to fill in the gap. GO produces a set of dynamic controlled vo- cabulary for the annotation of gene functions, so that our understanding of different biological systems can be shared and communicated.
    [Show full text]
  • Semantic Web for Robots : Applying Semantic Web Technologies for Interoperability Between Virtual Worlds and Real Robots
    Semantic web for robots : applying semantic web technologies for interoperability between virtual worlds and real robots Citation for published version (APA): Juarez Cordova, A. G. (2012). Semantic web for robots : applying semantic web technologies for interoperability between virtual worlds and real robots. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. https://doi.org/10.6100/IR731146 DOI: 10.6100/IR731146 Document status and date: Published: 01/01/2012 Document Version: Publisher’s PDF, also known as Version of Record (includes final page, issue and volume numbers) Please check the document version of this publication: • A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion, Ritual and Ritualistic Objects
    Religion, Ritual and Ritualistic Objects Edited by Albertina Nugteren Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Religions www.mdpi.com/journal/religions Religion, Ritual and Ritualistic Objects Religion, Ritual and Ritualistic Objects Special Issue Editor Albertina Nugteren MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editor Albertina Nugteren Tilburg University The Netherlands Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Religions (ISSN 2077-1444) from 2018 to 2019 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/religions/special issues/Ritual) For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03897-752-0 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03897-753-7 (PDF) c 2019 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editor ...................................... vii Preface to ”Religion, Ritual and Ritualistic Objects” ......................... ix Albertina Nugteren Introduction to the Special Issue ‘Religion, Ritual, and Ritualistic Objects’ Reprinted from: Religions 2019, 10, 163, doi:10.3390/rel10030163 ..................
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Management Strategy Version: 300 Date: June 10, 2021 Author: the SEAS Vendor Submitted To: AHCA FX Program Administration Team
    AHCA Florida Health Care Connections (FX) T-4: Technical Management Strategy Version: 300 Date: June 10, 2021 Author: The SEAS Vendor Submitted To: AHCA FX Program Administration Team Revision History DATE VERSION DESCRIPTION AUTHOR T-4 Technical Management Strategy Initial Draft Rene Cabral, Steve 4/15/2018 001 Version Quante, Paul Moore T-4 Technical Management Strategy Revisions to Rene Cabral, Steve 5/17/2018 002 Agency Review Quante, Paul Moore T-4 Technical Management Strategy Revisions for 5/24/2018 003 Steve Quante Final Draft T-4 Technical Management Strategy baseline 5/25/2018 100 Sean Gibbs version Annual Update including FX to MES, description of disaster recovery coordination role, audit log Paul Moore, Som 5/24/2019 101 handling and strategy on use of form filling Khot, Mike Griffiths applications Paul Moore, Mike 8/14/2019 102 T-4 updates based on comments from AHCA Griffiths, Steve Ruszkowski T-4 Technical Management Strategy approved 8/21/2019 200 Carol Williams deliverable refresh Prashant Zaveri, T-4 Technical Management Strategy Annual 3/24/2021 201 Steve Ruszkowski, Refresh Rob Bright T-4 Technical Management Strategy Annual 4/14/2021 202 Refresh – remediation/updates based on Agency Steve Ruszkowski review comments T-4 Technical Management Strategy approved 4/21/2021 250 Carol Williams deliverable refresh T-4 Technical Management Strategy deliverable draft refresh updates made: 5/20/2021 251 ▪ Removed recommendation that vendors Steve Ruszkowski have to deploy in the GovCloud ▪ Corrected that EDW and IS/IP are not currently hosted in the GovCloud T-4 Technical Management Strategy deliverable 6/10/2021 300 Carol Williams refresh approved final Modifications to the approved baseline version (100) of this artifact must be made in accordance with the FX Artifact Management Standards.
    [Show full text]