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Biochemistry and the Genomic Revolution 1.1
Dedication About the authors Preface Tools and Techniques Clinical Applications Molecular Evolution Supplements Supporting Biochemistry, Fifth Edition Acknowledgments I. The Molecular Design of Life 1. Prelude: Biochemistry and the Genomic Revolution 1.1. DNA Illustrates the Relation between Form and Function 1.2. Biochemical Unity Underlies Biological Diversity 1.3. Chemical Bonds in Biochemistry 1.4. Biochemistry and Human Biology Appendix: Depicting Molecular Structures 2. Biochemical Evolution 2.1. Key Organic Molecules Are Used by Living Systems 2.2. Evolution Requires Reproduction, Variation, and Selective Pressure 2.3. Energy Transformations Are Necessary to Sustain Living Systems 2.4. Cells Can Respond to Changes in Their Environments Summary Problems Selected Readings 3. Protein Structure and Function 3.1. Proteins Are Built from a Repertoire of 20 Amino Acids 3.2. Primary Structure: Amino Acids Are Linked by Peptide Bonds to Form Polypeptide Chains 3.3. Secondary Structure: Polypeptide Chains Can Fold Into Regular Structures Such as the Alpha Helix, the Beta Sheet, and Turns and Loops 3.4. Tertiary Structure: Water-Soluble Proteins Fold Into Compact Structures with Nonpolar Cores 3.5. Quaternary Structure: Polypeptide Chains Can Assemble Into Multisubunit Structures 3.6. The Amino Acid Sequence of a Protein Determines Its Three-Dimensional Structure Summary Appendix: Acid-Base Concepts Problems Selected Readings 4. Exploring Proteins 4.1. The Purification of Proteins Is an Essential First Step in Understanding Their Function 4.2. Amino Acid Sequences Can Be Determined by Automated Edman Degradation 4.3. Immunology Provides Important Techniques with Which to Investigate Proteins 4.4. Peptides Can Be Synthesized by Automated Solid-Phase Methods 4.5. -
See the Scientific Petition
May 20, 2016 Implement the Endangered Species Act Using the Best Available Science To: Secretary Sally Jewell and Secretary Penny Prtizker We, the under-signed scientists, recommend the U.S. government place species conservation policy on firmer scientific footing by following the procedure described below for using the best available science. A recent survey finds that substantial numbers of scientists at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration believe that political influence at their agency is too high.i Further, recent species listing and delisting decisions appear misaligned with scientific understanding.ii,iii,iv,v,vi For example, in its nationwide delisting decision for gray wolves in 2013, the FWS internal review failed the best science test when reviewed by an independent peer-review panel.vii Just last year, a FWS decision not to list the wolverine ran counter to the opinions of agency and external scientists.viii We ask that the Departments of the Interior and Commerce make determinations under the Endangered Species Actix only after they make public the independent recommendations from the scientific community, based on the best available science. The best available science comes from independent scientists with relevant expertise who are able to evaluate and synthesize the available science, and adhere to standards of peer-review and full conflict-of-interest disclosure. We ask that agency scientific recommendations be developed with external review by independent scientific experts. There are several mechanisms by which this can happen; however, of greatest importance is that an independent, external, and transparent science-based process is applied consistently to both listing and delisting decisions. -
Los Premios Nobel De Química
Los premios Nobel de Química MATERIAL RECOPILADO POR: DULCE MARÍA DE ANDRÉS CABRERIZO Los premios Nobel de Química El campo de la Química que más premios ha recibido es el de la Quí- mica Orgánica. Frederick Sanger es el único laurea- do que ganó el premio en dos oca- siones, en 1958 y 1980. Otros dos también ganaron premios Nobel en otros campos: Marie Curie (física en El Premio Nobel de Química es entregado anual- 1903, química en 1911) y Linus Carl mente por la Academia Sueca a científicos que so- bresalen por sus contribuciones en el campo de la Pauling (química en 1954, paz en Física. 1962). Seis mujeres han ganado el Es uno de los cinco premios Nobel establecidos en premio: Marie Curie, Irène Joliot- el testamento de Alfred Nobel, en 1895, y que son dados a todos aquellos individuos que realizan Curie (1935), Dorothy Crowfoot Ho- contribuciones notables en la Química, la Física, la dgkin (1964), Ada Yonath (2009) y Literatura, la Paz y la Fisiología o Medicina. Emmanuelle Charpentier y Jennifer Según el testamento de Nobel, este reconocimien- to es administrado directamente por la Fundación Doudna (2020) Nobel y concedido por un comité conformado por Ha habido ocho años en los que no cinco miembros que son elegidos por la Real Aca- demia Sueca de las Ciencias. se entregó el premio Nobel de Quí- El primer Premio Nobel de Química fue otorgado mica, en algunas ocasiones por de- en 1901 al holandés Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff. clararse desierto y en otras por la Cada destinatario recibe una medalla, un diploma y situación de guerra mundial y el exi- un premio económico que ha variado a lo largo de los años. -
Suzanne Pfeffer
July 2010 ASBMB PreSidentiAl PriMer: Suzanne Pfeffer American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology AAdjuvdjuvAAntnt IImmunothermmunotherAApypy ususIIngng KKrnrn70007000 KRN7000 (α-Galactosyl Ceramide) Avanti Number 867000 Supplier: Funakoshi Co. Ltd. Hepatic metastasis is a major clinical problem in cancer treatment. We examined antitumor ac- tivity of alpha-galactosylceramide (KRN7000) on mice with spontaneous liver metastases of re- ticulum cell sarcoma M5076 tumor cells (spontaneous metastasis model). In this model, all mice that were s.c. challenged with one million tumor cells developed a solid s.c. mass by day 7 and died of hepatic metastases. In the current study, we administered 100 microg/kg of KRN7000 to the model mice on days 7, 11, and 15. This treatment suppressed the growth of established liver metastases and resulted in the prolongation of survival time. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of phenotypes of spleen cells, hepatic lymphocytes, and regional lymph node cells around the s.c. tumor revealed that CD3+NK1.1+ (NKT) cells increased in hepatic lym- phocytes of the KRN7000-treated mice. Cytotoxic activity and IFN-gamma production of hepatic lymphocytes were augmented in comparison with those of spleen cells and regional LN cells. At the same time, interleukin (IL)-12 production of hepatic lymphocytes was markedly enhanced. Neutralization of IL-12 using a blocking monoclonal antibody diminished the prolonged survival time. These results showed that the in vivo antitumor effects of KRN7000 on spontaneous liver metastases were dependent on the endogenous IL-12 production, where NKT cells in the liver are suggested to be involved. Adjuvant immunotherapy using KRN7000 could be a promising modality for the prevention of postoperative liver metastases. -
NIH Conflict of Interest Regs Revised
OCTOBEROCTOBER 2005 www.asbmb.org Constituent Society of FASEB AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY NIH Conflict of Interest Regs Revised SEE PAGE 30 FOR NEW CLARA BENSON TRAVEL FELLOWSHIP AWARD Held in conjunction with EB2006 Custom Antibodies Your Way! Choose the protocol that is right for you! QwikScreen ™: 65 day, 2 rabbit protocol - 4 immunizations, 3 bleeds/rabbit (~100ml serum), customer supplied peptide/protein - Options: Peptide synthesis, immunograde Conjugation to carrier u ELISA u u Animal extensionsMS analysis $685 Standard: 80 day, 2 rabbit protocol - 5 immunizations, 5 bleeds/rabbit (~ 200ml ser Options: um), ELISA, customer supplied peptide/pr Peptide synthesis MS Check™ peptide sequence confirmation u HPLC purified peptide Affinity purification otein - Pinnacle: $975 u HPLC and MS analysis u Complete Affinity Purified Protocol- Animal extensions 2 rabbit pr 5 bleeds/rabbitotocol, (~ 200mlepitope serum), design, peptide PhD technical synthesis support, (up to 20mer),5 immunizations, HPLC purified to ~85%, 5+mg peptide to customer, ELISA, evaluation period, affinity purification, and morMS Check™ peptide sequence confirmationNo Hidden Charges! e… - Discounts for Multiple Protocols$1795 , Includes peptide sequencing by CID MS/MS– u Guaranteed Peptide Let our enthusiasm for scienceExpert workTechnical for SupportFidelity! P: 508.303.8222 www.21stcenturybio.com Toll-free: 877.217.8238 F: 508.303.8333 you! E: [email protected] www.asbmb.org AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OCTOBER -
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Introduction Have you ever seen those little About the International Year of Crystallography pictures of a molecule of your The United Nations declares 2014 as the official International Year of prescribed medication? …or a drawing Crystallography. It commemorates not only the centennial of X-ray of DNA showing two strands winding Amoxicillin diffraction, which allowed the detailed study of crystalline material, but also the 400th anniversary of Kepler’s observation in 1611 of the What do around each other? symmetrical form of ice crystals, which began the wider study of the role Molecules are too small to be seen by of symmetry in matter. New Drug Design, normal microscopy. Learn more at http://iycr2014.org X-ray crystallography is one of the DNA Studies few techniques that can visualize them About IUCr The International Union of Crystallography is a not-for- and was used to determine the first Schematic picture profit, scientific organization that aims to: and molecular structures ever known. of DNA • promote international cooperation in crystallography • contribute to all aspects of crystallography X-rays X-rays & X-ray Crystallography • promote international publication of crystallographic research have in common? How They Work • facilitate standardization of methods, units, nomenclatures and symbols • form a focus for the relations of crystallography to other sciences • X-ray beams are shot through • We calculate how the diffracted a crystal composed of the X-rays would look, if they The IUCr fulfils these objectives by publishing -
Giant Gene Thieves Have You Renewed Your Membership for 2020?
Vol. 18 / No. 10 / November 2019 THE MEMBER MAGAZINE OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Giant gene thieves Have you renewed your membership for 2020? Together, we’ll continue to advocate for science, connect researchers around the world and build a bright future for biochemists and molecular biologists everywhere. Learn more at www.asbmb.org/membership CONTENTS NEWS FEATURES PERSPECTIVES 2 24 50 GIANT GENE THIEVES SERVICE BEYOND SCIENCE EDITOR’S NOTE ese viruses are changing what we know Weaving social innovation and scienti c It’s about time about structural and evolutionary biology methods for a bright future 3 32 MEMBER UPDATE MEET SEAN DAVIDSON 7 e JLR associate editor rethinks cholesterol NEW MEMBERS 9 24 YEAR OF (BIO)CHEMICAL ELEMENTS For November, it’s that smell of sulfur 10 NEWS Bacterial invasion may explain recurrent urinary tract infections 11 13 JOURNAL NEWS 11 Snug as a bug in the mud 50 13 Researchers clock DNA’s recovery time 14 Lack of sleep a ects fat metabolism 15 is protein makes antibody drugs work 16 From the journals 22 LIPID NEWS Phospholipids and innate immunity 32 2020 Award Winners … page 37 Ruth Kirschstein Diversity in Science Award: ASBMB Award for Exemplary Contributions to Lizabeth Allison Education: Paul Black Herbert Tabor Research Award: Kevin Campbell Bert and Natalie Vallee Award: Edward Dennis ASBMB–Merck Award: Manajit Hayer–Hartl Alice and C. C. Wang Award in Molecular Parasitology: Patricia Johnson Avanti Award in Lipids: Jean Schaff er Earl and Thressa Stadtman Young Scholar Award: William C. Rose Award: Celia Schiff er David Pagliarini DeLano Award for Computational Biosciences: Mildred Cohn Award in Biological Chemistry: ANNUAL MEETING Yang Zhang Carol Fierke Walter Shaw Young Investigator Award in Lipids: Jeremy Baskin NOVEMBER 2019 ASBMB TODAY 1 EDITOR’S NOTE THE MEMBER MAGAZINE OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY It’s about time OFFICERS COUNCIL MEMBERS Gerald Hart Suzanne Barbour By Comfort Dorn President Joan Broderick Matt Gentry Toni M. -
Protein Kinase Activation
SEE INSIDE FOR 2008 ANNUAL MEETING SESSION OVERVIEWS July 2007 Protein Kinase Activation American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWSHIP Department of Dermatology, OHSU, Portland, Oregon Training Program in Molecular Basis of Skin Pathobiology Promoting Understanding Position for recent PhD, MD/PhD or MD (US citizen or Permanent Resident) in NIH-funded program for training highly of the Molecular Nature qualifi ed candidates for academic careers in basic & translational research in skin diseases, including cancer & psoriasis. OHSU Dermatology has a strong history of clinical & scientifi c of Life Processes research & a 40-year record in training dermatology residents including physician scientists & postdoctoral scientists on the path to independence. Features of this training program are a core of Dermatology faculty & a multidisciplinary network of scientists with international recognition in areas highly relevant to epithelial cell fate, development & diseases. The training program includes seminars in mentors’ departments, Dermatology Research Division meetings & symposia, research forums tailored to postdoctoral students, & national/international meetings in cutaneous biology. Successful candidates desiring an academic career in basic or translational research in cancer The Society’s purpose is to or investigative dermatology using surface epithelial models can advance the science of bio- expect to receive training toward independence in research with chemistry & molecular biology a strong clinical translational -
CHEMISTRY NEWS UNIVERSITY of OREGON COLLEGE of ARTS and SCIENCES DEPARTMENT of CHEMISTRY 1996 from the DEPARTMENT HEAD the Past Year Was an Exhilarat- Didates
CHEMISTRY NEWS UNIVERSITY OF OREGON COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY 1996 FROM THE DEPARTMENT HEAD The past year was an exhilarat- didates. We did something un- ing one for the Department of heard offor Oregon anywaywe Chemistry. Among many exciting requested permission to hire both things that happened, we hired candidates. To our mild surprise, two new faculty members, our the deans office and the Graduate Achievement Endowment Fund School agreed this was an opportu- continues to grow, we honored nity we should not miss. We hired three distinguished alumni with both Andy Marcus and Mark achievement awards, members of Lonergan. Im sure it is obvious our faculty were recognized with that the administration wouldnt national and local awards, and we do this for just any department. It graduated thirty-eight enthusiastic is a sign of our departments undergraduate and graduate stu- strength and quality that we were dents. Let me briefly recount these permitted to hire two new faculty events and achievements. members. Last fall we ran a search for a One of the reasons our depart- physical chemist to replace Warner ment remains optimistic about the Peticolas, who retired. We inter- future is that we have generous viewed four candidates and found alumni who contribute to our © JACK LIU ourselves having to decide be- growing Achievement Endowment tween two absolutely superb can- continued on page 2 Chemistry Commencement Gets Personal Remember when the only and friends. In a new twist this graduation event was a large gath- year, students wrote a humorous ering on a football field? Times script, Our Seniors Top Ten List have changed. -
Hatzios Thesis Formatted
Investigations of Metabolic Pathways in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Stavroula K Hatzios A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Chair Professor Matthew B. Francis Professor Tom Alber Fall 2010 Investigations of Metabolic Pathways in Mycobacterium tuberculosis © 2010 By Stavroula K Hatzios Abstract Investigations of Metabolic Pathways in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Stavroula K Hatzios Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Professor Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Chair Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the bacterium that causes tuberculosis in humans, infects roughly two billion people worldwide. However, less than one percent of infected individuals are symptomatic. Most have a latent infection characterized by dormant, non- replicating bacteria that persist within a mass of immune cells in the lung called the granuloma. The granuloma provides a protective barrier between infected cells and surrounding tissue. When host immunity is compromised, the granuloma can deteriorate and reactivate the disease. In order to mount a latent infection, Mtb must survive in alveolar macrophages, the host’s primary line of defense against this intracellular pathogen. By evading typical bactericidal processes, Mtb is able to replicate and stimulate granuloma formation. The mechanisms by which Mtb persists in macrophages are ill defined; thus, elucidating the factors responsible for this hallmark of Mtb pathogenesis is an important area of research. This thesis explores three discrete metabolic pathways in Mtb that are likely to mediate its interactions with host immune cells. The first three chapters examine the sulfate assimilation pathway of Mtb and its regulation by the phosphatase CysQ. -
1968 Commencement Program
UNIVERSITY of PENNSYLVANIA - Two Hundred and Twelfth Commencement for the Conferring of Degrees PHILADELPHIA CIVIC CENTER Monday, May 20, 1968 10:00 A.M. jJ STAGE (1, ......II ,........I " Official Guests Medicine College for Women Graduate Medicine Wharton Law College Nursing Graduate Allied Fine Arts Medical Professions Dental Medicine Veterinary Medicine Wharton Graduate Graduate Arts& Sciences Civil& Mechanical Engineering Chemical Graduate Engineering Education Electrical Engineering Social Work Metallurgy Annenberg Guests will find this diagram helpful in locating the opposite page under Degrees in Course. Reference approximate seating of the degree candidates. The to the paragraph on page seven describing the seating and the order of march in the student pro colors of the candidates' hoods according to their cession correspond closely to the order by school fields of study may further assist guests in placing in which the candidates for degrees are presented. the locations of the various schools. This sequence is shown in the Contents on the Contents Page Seating Diagram of the Graduating Students .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 The Commencement Ceremony . 4 Background of the Ceremonies . .. .. .. 6 Degrees in Course . .. .. .. 8 The College of Arts and Sciences . 8 The Engineering Schools . .. .. .. 14 The Towne School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering ... ........ ......... 14 The School of Chemical Engineering . .. .. .. 15 The Moore School of Electrical Engineering . .. 16 The School of Metallurgy and Materials Science . .. .. 18 The Wharton School of Finance and Commerce . 19 The College of Liberal Arts for Women ....... .. ... ...... .. .. .... ............ ..... .. ......... 26 The School of Nursing ... ........................... .... ................ ... ................... ........ 31 The School of Allied Medical Professions . .. .. 3 3 The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences . .. .. .. 34 The School of Medicine . -
Meet the Scientist Linus Pauling (1901-1994)
Meet the Scientist Linus Pauling (1901-1994) Do you know that different cells have certain unique proteins that have unique jobs? Muscles have proteins that contract, enabling the muscle cell to contract. Pancreas cells make the protein insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels. There are unique cells in the part of the brain called the hypothalamus that make small unique proteins that trigger the release of pituitary hormones. There are proteins in nerve cells that work to create new axon terminals and synapses that store your memories? How many other examples can you think of cells with specific proteins? A British journal included only Linus Pauling and Einstein from the 20th Century in their list of the greatest scientists in the history of the world. As you will see, Linus made major discoveries about chemical bonding and the structure of proteins―pretty heady stuff for a high-school dropout. He didn’t drop out because school was too hard. For him, it was too easy. Some scientists are born with a silver spoon in their mouth. But not Linus Pauling. From age 4 to 9, Linus lived in a small Oregon town, which was like an outpost in the Old West. The town had one street, lined by stores with false fronts on many of the buildings, as you see on cowboy movie sets today. Real cowboys lounged in front of the general store, and real Indians camped on the edge of town. His father, Herman, was a self-taught pharmacist and "medicine man." He ran a drug store in town.