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Ichnos: an International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces Theropod This article was downloaded by: [University of Saskatchewan Library] On: 18 March 2015, At: 12:47 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Ichnos: An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/gich20 Theropod and Ornithischian Footprints from the Middle Jurassic Yanan Formation of Zizhou County, Shaanxi, China Lida Xinga, Martin G. Lockleyb, Yonggang Tangc, Hendrik Kleind, Jianping Zhanga, W. Scott Persons IVe, Hui Daia & Yong Yef a School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China b Dinosaur Tracks Museum, University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA Click for updates c Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Linyi University, Linyi, China d Saurierwelt Paläontologisches Museum, Neumarkt, Germany e Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada f Zigong Dinosaur Museum, Sichuan, China Published online: 11 Mar 2015. To cite this article: Lida Xing, Martin G. Lockley, Yonggang Tang, Hendrik Klein, Jianping Zhang, W. Scott Persons IV, Hui Dai & Yong Ye (2015) Theropod and Ornithischian Footprints from the Middle Jurassic Yanan Formation of Zizhou County, Shaanxi, China, Ichnos: An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces, 22:1, 1-11, DOI: 10.1080/10420940.2014.985670 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10420940.2014.985670 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http:// www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions Ichnos, 22:1–11, 2015 Copyright Ó Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1042-0940 print / 1563-5236 online DOI: 10.1080/10420940.2014.985670 Theropod and Ornithischian Footprints from the Middle Jurassic Yanan Formation of Zizhou County, Shaanxi, China Lida Xing,1 Martin G. Lockley,2 Yonggang Tang,3 Hendrik Klein,4 Jianping Zhang,1 W. Scott Persons IV,5 Hui Dai1 and Yong Ye6 1School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China 2Dinosaur Tracks Museum, University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA 3Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Linyi University, Linyi, China 4Saurierwelt Palaontologisches€ Museum, Neumarkt, Germany 5Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 6Zigong Dinosaur Museum, Sichuan, China the new ichnogenus Sinoichnites (Kuhn, 1958). Young (1966) New tracksites reported from the Zizhou area elucidate the has described and named the theropod tracks Shensipus tung- nature of the Early-Middle Jurassic dinosaurian ichnofaunas in chuanensis based only two tridactyl footprints from the Jiaop- Shaanxi Province. The assemblage is composed of footprints and ing tracksite. Li et al. (2012) discovered multiple, well- trackways of medium- to large-sized theropods that show similarities with both the ichnogenera Kayentapus and Eubrontes preserved trackways of the apparently rare quadrupedal ornith- and of small bipedal ornithischians that are referred to AS ischian ichnogenus Shenmuichnus in Lower Jurassic deposit of Anomoepus isp. Additionally tracks of a quadruped are present the Shenmu area, which was the first discovery of Moyeno- and assigned to Deltapodus isp. that may be related to a sauripus-type tracks in Asia. Li et al. (2012) also reported the- stegosaurian. Anomoepus isp. is similar to the holotype of ropod (Grallator) and ornithopod (Anomoepus) tracks in the Shensipus tungchuanensis which is, although apparently lost, re- assigned here and considered to be a subjective junior synonym Shenmu area. In 2011–2012, Middle Jurassic dinosaur tracks of Anomoepus. It is therefore placed in new combination as were discovered in Zizhou County, approximately 150 km Anomoepus tungchuanensis comb. nov. Identical tracks have been southwest of Shenmu County (Figs. 1A, 1B, 2). These tracks reported from well-preserved trackways both in the Zizhou and are dominated by theropod footprints and also include thyreo- Shenmu areas, where they also co-occur with theropod tracks phoran footprints. (Kayentapus and Grallator) and tracks of quadrupedal ornithischians (Shenmuichnus and Deltapodus). Thus, it appears Remarkably, prior to the scientific identification of the that the carbonaceous (coal-bearing) facies of the region reveal tracks, local villagers had long been collecting sandstone slabs ichnofaunas with both relatively abundant saurischian (theropod) with dinosaur footprints. Currently, footprints are commonly and ornithischian tracks. This is in contrast with many areas displayed in the village’s stone walls and pathways, and within where the ichnofaunas are heavily or exclusively saurischian villager’s homes and farm houses, where dinosaur footprints (theropod) dominated. are incorporated into the simple masonry of furniture, man- Downloaded by [University of Saskatchewan Library] at 12:47 18 March 2015 gers, and stone grinders. The local villagers believe that these Keywords Shaanxi, Ordos Basin, Dinosaur tracks, Kayentapus, Shensipus, Anomoepus footprints were left by “Heavenly Chickens,” identifiable by possessing a tridactyl morphology and distinct claw impres- sions. Obviously, the dinosaur tracks have contributed to the INTRODUCTION origin of local folk legends (e.g., Xing et al., 2011). Northern Shaanxi Province is important for dinosaur ich- nology research in China. The first dinosaur tracks ever reported in China were described by C. C. Young and P. Teil- Institutional Abbreviations D D hard de Chardin, in 1929 at Shenmu County, Yulin City, CI Cun (village) collections, Shaanxi, China; CUGB D Shaanxi Province. These early tracks were later used to erect China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China; HT Huo tracksite, Shaanxi, China; I D Isolated track; IVPP D Institute Address correspondence to Lida Xing, School of the Earth Scien- of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Beijing, ces and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; NT D Nianpan (stone grinder) collections, Shaanxi, China. E-mail: [email protected] China; T D Trackway; WT D Wang tracksite, Shaanxi, China. 1 2 L. XING ET AL. METHODOLOGY All tracks were outlined on transparency film, scaled and re-drawn with a vector-based computer software. Measure- ments were taken following the standard procedures of Leo- nardi, 1987 and Lockley and Hunt, 1995. Bivariate analysis based on footprint length/width ratio vs. AT (anterior triangle length-width ratio sensu Weems, 1992) was applied to differ- ent theropod and ornithopod tracks. For speed calculations (v) from theropod tracks we used the formula of Alexander (1976): v D 0.25g0.5.SL1.67.h¡1.17, where g D gravitational acceleration in m/sec, SL D stride length, and h D hip height – estimated as 4.5 times foot length (FL), using the ratio for small theropods proposed by Thulborn (1990). FIG. 1. Geographic map indicating the location of the dinosaur footprint RESEARCH HISTORY localities in Shaanxi Province, P.R. China (A, B) and Photograph of the Wang tracksite location. A. outcrop of Wang tracksite; B. outcrop of thyreophoran In 2011, the villagers at Wang Village, Zizhou County, tracks. Yulin City found numerous strange and densely crowded tri- dactyl impressions on sandstone slabs when they were collect- ing stones adjacent to a road. In March 2012, the local villager Jun Wang discovered similar impressions at a quarry north of Longweimao Village, which is close to Wang Village. The tracksite is herein referred to as the Wang tracksite (GPS: N373900.6500,E10948016.4400) (Fig. 1C). In June 2012, Jun Wang brought the track specimens that he had collected to Northwest University for identification. Leping Yue and Yongxiang Li identified them as dinosaur tracks. In July and August 2012, Yongxiang Li went on a field expedition to Ziz- hou. Specimens from the Wang tracksite were collected and are still undergoing research at Northwest University. In Sep- tember 2012, the first author of this paper was invited by the Yulin Association of Collectors and by the Zizhou County Yellow Land Culture Research Society to investigate the Wang tracksite. This investigation discovered another tracksite level six meters beneath the Wang tracksite and containing thyreophoran
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