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United States Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Geology and Hydrocarbon Resources of Onshore Basins in Eastern China by Gregory Ulmishek* c U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-4 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards (or with the North American Stratigraphic Code). Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 1 Denver, Colorado 1992 CONTENTS Page Purpose and Scope of Study..................................................................................... 1 Ordos Basin Introduction................................................................................................................. 3 Stratigraphy.................................................................................................................. 3 Tectonics....................................................................................................................... 16 Petroleum Geology and Potential Exploration Plays.......................................... 17 Sichuan Basin Introduction................................................................................................................. 29 Stratigraphy.................................................................................................................. 29 Tectonics....................................................................................................................... 40 Petroleum Geology and Potential Exploration Plays.......................................... 44 Songliao Basin....................................................................................................................... 47 Introduction................................................................................................................. 47 Stratigraphy.................................................................................................................. 47 Tectonics....................................................................................................................... 51 Petroleum Geology and Potential Exploration Plays.......................................... 57 North China Basin Introduction................................................................................................................. 65 Stratigraphy.................................................................................................................. 65 Tectonics....................................................................................................................... 72 Petroleum Geology and Potential Exploration Plays.......................................... 73 Nanxiang Basin Introduction................................................................................................................. 99 Stratigraphy.................................................................................................................. 99 Tectonics....................................................................................................................... 103 Petroleum Geology and Potential Exploration Plays.......................................... 103 Jianghan and Dongting Basins Introduction................................................................................................................. 110 Stratigraphy.................................................................................................................. 110 Tectonics....................................................................................................................... 115 Petroleum Geology and Potential Exploration Plays.......................................... 118 Erlian (China) and Southeast Gobi (Mongolia) Basins Introduction................................................................................................................. 122 Stratigraphy.................................................................................................................. 122 Tectonics....................................................................................................................... 129 Petroleum Geology and Potential Exploration Plays.......................................... 139 References............................................................................................................................... 142 ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figure 1. Major petroleum basins of China............................................................... 2 2-19. Ordos basin 2. Location map of the Ordos basin................................................................. 4 3. Fades of the Cambrian-Ordovician section of the Ordos basin............ 5 4. Isopach map of Cambrian-Ordovician rocks ........................................... 6 5. Fades of Middle Ordovician rocks of the Ordos basin........................... 7 6-8. Isopach maps of the Ordos basin: 6. Carboniferous-Permian rocks...................................................................... 9 7. Lower Triassic rocks....................................................................................... 10 8. Middle-Upper Triassic rocks........................................................................ 11 9. Jurassic paleogeography of the Ordos basin.............................................. 13 10-11. Isopach maps of the Ordos basin: 10. Jurassic rocks.................................................................................................... 14 11. Cretaceous rocks.............................................................................................. 15 12. Paleostructural cross sections showing formation of the foredeep in the western Ordos basin in Cretaceous time.................. 18 13. Structure of the Ordos basin on base of the Yanan-6 member of the Jurassic Yanan Formation............................................................ 19 14. Cross section through the western thrust belt of the Ordos basin....... 20 15. Isopach map of members 9 and 10 of the Jurassic Yanan Formation.. 21 16-18. Cross-sections through the Ordos basin: 16. Zhiluo oil-gas field......................................................................................... 22 17. Maling oil field................................................................................................ 24 18. Tiachi gas field................................................................................................. 25 19. Thermal maturity of upper Paleozoic rocks of the northern Ordos basin.................................................................................................. 26 20-30. Sichuan basin 20. Main structural units of the Sichuan basin.............................................. 31 21. Isopach map of lower Paleozoic rocks of the Sichuan basin................. 32 22. Subcrop geologic map of the pre-Premian unconformity..................... 35 23-27. Isopach maps (in meters) of the Sichuan basin: 23. Upper Triassic rocks....................................................................................... 36 24. Lower Jurassic rocks ...................................................................................... 37 25. Middle Jurassic rocks..................................................................................... 38 26. Upper Jurassic rocks....................................................................................... 39 27. Cretaceous rocks.............................................................................................. 41 28. East-west cross section through the Sichuan basin................................. 42 29. Cross section through the thrust zone of the Longmenshan, Sichuan basin.............................................................................................. 43 30. Oil and gas fields of the Sichuan basin...................................................... 45 11 31-44. Songliao basin 31. Columnar section of the Songliao basin showing main producing reservoirs..................................................................................................... 48 32. Isopach map of the Denglouku Formation.............................................. 49 33. Thickness (in kilometers) of the middle Cretaceous section of the Songliao basin...................................................................................... 50 34. Depositional conditions of the lower Qingshankou Formation......... 52 35. East-west cross section through the Songliao basin................................ 53 36. Thickness (in meters) of the Upper Cretaceous Sifangtai and Mingshui Formations............................................................................... 54 37. Main structural units of the Songliao basin............................................. 55 38. Location of the Daqing oil field within the Central depression of the Songliao basin................................................................................. 56 39. Prinicpal oil fields of the Songliao basin................................................... 58 40. Oil pools in different types of traps in the Putaohua reservoir............ 59 41. Fuyu-Xinli oil field......................................................................................... 60 42-44 Cross sections: 42. The Fuyu field................................................................................................. 61 43. Daqing oil field...............................................................................................
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