El 064 VOL. 2 i 'wB Loan Applicatdion P-roject Public Disclosure Authorized
ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT
OF
CUIJIAYING SHIPPING AND HYDROPOWER PIVOTAL PROJECT AT THE HAN RIVER Public Disclosure Authorized
(Final Report) Public Disclosure Authorized
THE 2ND HARBOUR ENGINEERING INVESTIGATION & DESIGN INSTITlT'I E OF Public Disclosure Authorized THE MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS
JANUARY 2005
EA TEAM: THE 2ND HARBOUR ENGINEERING INVESTIGATION
& DESIGN INSTITUTE OF THE MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS
(SHEIDI) (EA CERTIFICATE NO.: 2603)
Institute Director: Peng Liangxing, Senior Engineer
Chief Engineer: Wang Jin, Senior Engineer
Director of EA Division: Luo Xianqing, Senior Engineer (Certificate No.: A26030002) Chief Engineer of EA Division: Fang Jianzhang, Senior Engineer (Reviewed by) (Certificate No.: A26030003) Project EA Team Leader: You Lix in, Senior Engineer (Certificate No.: A26030006) Prepared by:- Yu J in b i a o, Senior Engineer (Certificate No.: A26030005) Chen Yong, SeniorEngineer (Certificate No.: A26030008) Li Haidong, Engineer (Certificate No.: A26030009) H u Z h i we i, Assistant Engineer (Certificate No.: A2603001 1) Wang Mi n g, Assistant Engineer (Certificate No.: A26030012)
EA Cooperation Units:
1. HYDROBIOS RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CHINESE ACADEMY OF
SCIENCES
2. XIANGFAN ENVIRONMENT MONITORING STATION
3. CENTRAL CHINA NORMAL UNIVERSITY Participants of EA Cooperation Units: He Shunping (Ichthyologist); Liu Shengxiang Sun Zhenghui Wang Ling
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 GENERAL ...... 1
l l OBJECTIvE OF EIA . 1.2 EIA BASIS ...... I 1.3 EIA STANDARDS ...... 3 1.4 ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION OBJECTS ...... 5 1.5 ASSESSMENT GRADE ...... 6 1.6 SCOPE AND PERIOD OF A S SESSNM ENT ...... 7 1.7 A SS ESSM COENT NTENTAND EM PHASES ...... 7 1.8 ORGANIZATION AND SPLIT OF EIA TASK ...... 8
2.0 PROJECT OVERVIEW AND ENGINEERING ANALYSIS ...... 10
2.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW ...... 1...... I 0 2.2 INUINDATION OF THE RESERVOIR AREA AND RESETTLEMENT ...... 22 2.3 CONSTRUCTION CONDITIONS AND WORK LOAD ...... '8 2.4 PROJECT INVESTMENT AND CONSTRUCTION PERIOD ...... 32 2 .5 ENGINEERING ANALYSIS ...... 32 2.6 ENVIRONMENT IMPACT IDENTIFICATION RESULTS ...... 37
3.0 ENVIRONMENT BASELINE SURVEY & ASSESSMENT ...... 40
3.1 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OVERVIEW ...... 400...... 3.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION ...... 43 3. 3 INTRODUCTION TO YULIANGZHOU ISLAND -- ECO-TOUR ISLAND ...... 45 3.4 EN\/IRONMvENT FUNCTION ZONING AND POLLUTION SOURCES SURVEY...... 46 3.5 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT BASELINE ...... 47 3.6 INVESTIGATION & IMPACTASSESSMENT OF SLIRFACE WATER QUALITY BASELINE ...... 61...... 61 3.7 AmBIENITAIR QUALITY BASELINE SURV'EY AND ASSESSMENT ...... 65 3.8 ACoUSTIC ENVIRONMENT QUALITY BASELINE SURVEY AND ASSESSMENT ...... 66 3.9 PUBILIC HEALTH BA SELINESURVEY ANDASSESSiMENT ...... 67
4.0 ENVIRONNIENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...... 68
4.1 PREDICTION OF IMPACTS ON WATER ENVIRONNMENT ...... 6S 4.2 THE PREDICTION OF IMPACTS ON ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 79 4.3 PREDICTION OF ENNVIRONMENTAIR INFLUENCE ...... S4 4.4 PREDICTION OF THE IMPACTS ON ACOUSTIC ENVIRONNIENT OF THE PROJECT ...... S6 4.5 ANAL YSIS OF ENV IRONMNENTAL IMPACTS OF RESER\NOIR INUNDATI ON AND RESETTLENIENT .88...... SS 4.6 AN-\LYSIS OF THE GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT INFLLUENCE ...... 9 1 4.7 ANALY'SIS OF INIPACTS ON LOCAL CLIMIATE ...... 93 4.S ANALYSIS OF IMPACTS OF THE PROIECT ON PEOPLE'S FIEALTH ...... 97 4.9 ANAIYSIS OF IMPACTS ON' CULTURAL SITES ...... 9S 4.1 0 POW\ ER TRAN\SMISSION AND TRANSFORMIATION WVIRE ENVIRONMFNT-r A\ALYSIS ...... 103...... I 3
5.0 .-x.-ALY'SIS OF IMiPACTrS OFSTrOCK Y'ARID DEX'EElOP\lEN'T AND M.ATERIAl TRANSPORT ON ENNVIRONM'\IENT ...... 105 5.1 STOCK YARD EN\'IRON E\IT SESL;R\ E) ...... I.0 5.2 A\.AL)SIS OF THE EN\ IRONNIENT-\L I,NIP.ACTS BY DEV'ELOP)\IENT OF M%'IATERIAL SOLURCE FIELDS ...... 1 06 5.3 ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF MIATERIALS TRANSPORT ...... 107
6.0 ANALYSIS OF IINIPACTS OF IIPROV-ED NAV\,jIGAXTION CONDITIONS ON EN V IRON M EN T ...... 109
6.1 EXISTING NAVIGATION CONDITIONS IN THE HAN RIVER ...... 109 6.2 OUTLINE OF NAVIGATION IMPROVEMIENT PROIECT IN THE HAN RIVER ...... 110 6.3 RELATION BETWEEN CUILIAYING HYDROPOWNER COMPLEX AND SOUTH-NORTH WATER TRANSFER INTERMEDIATE LINE PROJECT ...... 113 6.4 ENVIRONMENT IMPACT OF SOUTH-NORTH WATER TRANSFER INTERMIEDIATE LINE PROJECT ON XIANGFAN SECTION OF HAN RIVER ...... 113 6.5 FAVORITE INFLUENCE OF CUI.IIAVYING HYDROPOWER COMPLEX TO HAN RIVER ...... 117
7.0 EVALUTATION OF ENVIRONM.ENT IMPACT OF ROAD ACCESS TO THE DAM ...... 120
7.1 OUTLINE INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENT OF ROAD ACCESS TO THE DAM ...... 120 7.2 IMPACT OF ROAD RECOVERY CONSTRUCTION IN THE RESERVOIR AREA TO ENVIRONMENT ...... 120
8.0 ASSESSMENT ON INFLUENCE OF SOIL EROSION ON ENVIRONM\IENT ...... 122
8.1 STATUS QUO OF SOIL EROSION AND WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION ...... 122 8.2 FORECASTING OF SOIL EROSION ...... 122 8.3 PREVENTIVE AND TREATMENT SCHENIE FOR SOIL EROSION ...... 24
9 EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS.. 133
9.1 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS .133 9.2 ANALYSIS OF HAZARDS FREQUENCY .133 9.3 ANALYSIS OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF ACCIDENTS .. 136 9.4 PREVENTIVE MEASURES AND EMERGENCY MEASURES .. 136
10.0 M\IEASURES FOR ENVIRONMNIENTAL PROTECTION AND INVESTMENT EST1NIATEI 42
10.1 MEASURES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DURING CONSTRUCTION .142 10.2 MEASURES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN THE STAGE OF OPERATION.. 152 10.3 ENVIRONMIENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES FOR THE EN\IRONMENTAL SENSITIVE ZONE. 1 54 10.4 ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION INVESTMENT ESTIMATE .. 155
11.0 PTUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFOR.M.ATION DISCLOSURE ...... 159
1 1.1 OBJECTIVE OF PUBLIC PARTICIPA\TION .5...... 59 11.2 PERFORMANCE OF PLIBIC PARTICIPATION AND SURE ...... I 5...... 9 11.3 RESLULT STATISTICS OF QUESTION\ AIRES ...... 162 11.4 THE CONIPLAINTAND REQUIREMENTS OF FHE CONSULTED OBJECTS ...... 164 11.5 IN FO RNM ATIO N D ISC'LOSU RE ...... 1...... 165
12.0 SNALYSIS OF ENVIRONNIEN TAI. INFLUENCES OF ALTERNATIVE SCHEME ...... 1...... 66
1 I A'.\N ALYSIS OF EN\ IRON\IF\ TA:L ILF ES OI SEL-ECTION OF SITE SCHEMES ...... 16...... 6...106 1'.2\N V_IYSIS OF EN\VIRO\\IE\TI.XL INFI-L E\. ES OF SELECTIO\ OF GENERAL L. \ OLT SCIIENIIS I )FT1Il: PIV OT ...... 1...6...5...... 16 S -12.3SELECTION OFoW\TER LE\ EL IN E SC HIE\IES . 69 12.4 COMPARISON OF ENVIRONMIENT.AL INFLUENCES BETWEEN\ WITH AND WITI-IOUTCUIII.AYING SHIPPING AND HYDROPO\\WER PIVOT ...... 171
13.0 MIONITORINGAND MANAGENIENT PLAN OF ENNIRON.NIENTAL PROTECTION ..... 173
13.1 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN ...... 173 13.2 ENVIRONjMENT.-LADMINISTRATION ...... 184 13.3 TIE LEGAL FORCES FOR ENVIRONNIENTALPROTECTION ACTION PLAN ...... 190
14.0 ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC LOSS AND BENEFIT OF ENVIRONMIENTAL IMPACTS.. 194
14.1 ANALYSIS IN EN\IRONNMENTALECONOMICBENEFIT ...... 194 14.2 ANALYSIS OF LOSS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ...... 197
15.0 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ...... 199
15.1 ASSESSNIENT CONCLUSIONS ...... 199 15.2 SLIGGESTIONS ...... 206
16.0 ANALYSIS ON ACCUMULATED IMPACTS ...... 207
I 6.IANALYSIS OF CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ON THE VALLEY DEVELOPMIENT ...... 209 16.2 CONCLUSION OF CUMULATIVE EFFECTS ...... 2 I1
17.0 ANALYSIS OF INDIRECT IMPACTS ...... 212
17.1 IMIPACTS ON COMMUNICATIONS AND TRANSPORTATION ...... 22...... '12 17.2 IMNPACTS ON INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ...... 9 13 17.3 IMPACTS ON AGRICLILTURAL DEVELOPMENT ...... :214 17.4 IMPACTS ON SOCIAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ...... 215 17.5 IMPACTS ON REGIONAL PUBLIC UTILITIES .1...... 216 17.6 IMPACTS ON REGIONAL FLOOD CONTROL . . 21 7
1.0 GENERAL
1.1 Objective of EIA
Engaged by the Preparation Team of the Project Department, the SHEIDI will conduct the project EA. The Project will cause impacts on the environment of the dam site and inundated area to a certain extent. The environment impact assessment of the project is to be carried out in order to understand and master the environment situation before construction and to forecast the environment impacts by the construction of the project through project pollution analysis and to put forward feasible measures for pollution prevention and treatment and impact lessening and to give out basis for project decision and to supervise environment protection design and environment management of the project and to achieve economic, social and environment benefits at the same time.
More specifically, the purposes of the EIA are:
(1). To improve the decision-making process by introducing environmental criteria and assessment to design engineers and decision makers and to ensure the Project is environmentally sound and sustainable;
(2). To ensure adverse environmental impacts be identified and evaluated in the earlier stage of the Project development so as to develop appropriate measures to avoid, mitigate, reduce or otherwise minimize the adverse impacts to acceptable levels;
(3). To develop measures of compensation for the impacts which could not be avoided or mitigated; and;
(4). To provide a basis for Project executing agency and relevant government agencies to develop and implement plans for environmental management and monitoring.
1.2 EIA Basis
1.2.1 World Bank Requirements
The World Bank requirements include primarily the Bank's ten safeguard policies, including Operational Policies (OP), Best Procedure (BP), Good Practice (GP) and Operational Directives (OD). These safeguard policies are:
Environmental Assessment (OP/BP/GP4.01); Forestry (OP/GP4.36); Natural Habitats (OP/BP4.04); Safety of Dams (OP/BP4.37); Pest Management (OP4.09); Involuntary Resettlement (OP4.12); Indigenous People (OD4.20); Cultural Property (OP4. 11); Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP/GP7.60); and
I Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP/GP7.50).
Among these safeguards policies, Environmental Assessment (OP4.01) is the primary requirements and thus will be fully applied in this report and other EA documentation. In addition, other safeguard policies will first be screened during the EA and fully applied if triggered by the screening. Safety of Dams (OP/BP4.37), Natural Habitats (OP/BP4.04), Pest Management (OP4.09) and Forestry (OP/GP4.36) will be applied in this Report too. Involuntary Resettlement and Cultural Property will be applied in by two separate teams, but the major findings and subsequent assessment will be included in the EA process and the EA reports.
Since there are no project components that involve international waterways, indigenous people (OD4.20) or disputed areas as defined under OP7.60, policies related to these subjects will not be applied in the EA.
1.2.2 National laws and regulations
1). Environmental Protection Law of PRC; 2). Environment Impact Assessment Law of PRC; 3). Land Management Law of PRC; 4). Noise Pollution Prevention Law of PRC; 5). Air Pollution Prevention Law of PRC; 6). Water Pollution Prevention Law of PRC; 7). Solid Waste Pollution Prevention Law of PRC; 8). Water and Soil Conservation Law of PRC; 9). Anti-flood Law of PRC; 10). Rules of Environmental Protection Management for Construction Projects, issued by the State Council of PRC, November 29, 1998; 11). Notice on Enhancing Environment Impact Assessment Management Work of Construction Projects Financed by International Financial Organizations issued by the SEPA, the State Planning Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the People's Bank of China; 12). Basic Farmland Protection Rules issued by the State Council of PRC; 13). Measures Concerning Environmental Protection and Management for Transportation Construction Projects, issued by MOC; 14). Notice on Enhancing Ecological Protection of Everglade issued by the SEPA, March 31, 1994; 15). Pollution Prevention and Treatment Management Rules of Drinking Water Source Protection Zone issued by the SEPA, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Construction, the Ministry of Water Conservancy and the Ministry of Geology and Minerals; 16). Notice to Strengthen the Environmental Impact Assessment and Management of Construction Projects Financed by Loan from International Financial Organizations, jointly issued by SEPA, the State Planning Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the People's Bank of China; 17).Electromagnetic Radiation Environment Protection Management Methods issued by SEPA; 18).Hubei Provincial Environment Protection Rules; 19). Hubei Provincial Government General Office's Transmitting the Notice on Hubei Surface Water Environment Function Classification; 20). Han River Water Pollution Prevention and Treatment Ordinances
1.2.3 EIA technical documents
2 (1). Environment Impact Assessment Technical Guide Rules (HJ/T2.1-2.3-93); (2). Environment Impact Assessment Technical Guide Rules for Water Conservancy and Hydropower Project (HJ/T88-2003) ; (3). Environrnent Impact Assessment Technical Guide Rules for Acoustic EnvironMent (HJ/T2.4-1995); (4). Environment Impact Assessment Technical Guide Rules for Non-pollution Ecological Impacts (HJ/T19-1997); (5). Environment Impact Assessment Code for Inland River Shipping Construction Project (JTJ227-200 1); (6) . Integrated Treatment Code for Water and Soil Conservation (GB/Ti6543.1 - 16543.6-1996); (7). Technical Specification for Water and Soil Conservation Plan of Construction Project (SL204-98).
1.2.4 Project Study Document & Special Reports
(1) Feasibility Study Report of the Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivotal Project at the Han River; (2) Special Report of Water and Soil Conservation;
(3) Water Resource Demonstration Report;
(4) Special Report of Flood Control and River Regime Impacts;
(5) Special Report of Cultural Relics Plan. 1.2.5 Engagement Document
Engagement Letter for EA work for the Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivotal Project at the Han River by the Preparation Team of the Project Department of the Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivotal Project at the Han River
1.3 EIA Standards
As per the environment categories of the project area, the following standards will be applied in the EIA.
1.3.1 Water environment
(1) The main functions of the Han River are drinking, shipping and irrigation. Class II of Surface Water Quality Standard (GB3838-2002) will be based for water environment baseline and impact assessment for the section upstream of the Xiangfan Railway Bridge. Class III of Surface Water Quality Standard (GB3 838-2002) will be based for water environment baseline and impact assessment for the section downstream of the Xiangfan Railway Bridge. Class IV of Surface Water Quality Standard (GB3838-2002) will be based for water environment baseline and impact assessment for the Tangbai River. (See Table 1.3-1). (2) Wastewater discharge will be evaluated by Class I in Integrated Wastewater discharge Stanidard
3 (GB8978-1996) (Table 1.3-2). Table 1.3-1 Surface Water Quality Standard (GB3838-2002) Unit: mg/L(except pH)
No Item Class II Class III Class IV 1 pH 6-9 6-9 6-9 2 SS / l I 3 COD 15 20 30
4 BOD5 3 4 6 5 Dissolved 02 6 5 3
6 COD5 3 4 5 7 Potassium permanganate 4 6 10 index 10 8 Total P 0.1 0.2 0.3 9 Total N 0.5 1.0 1.5 10 Oils 0.05 0.05 0.5 11 Ammonian 0.5 1.0 1.5 Total coliform 2000 10000 20000 Remarks Surface Water Quality Standard (GB3838-2002)
Table 1.3-2 Integrated Wastewater discharge Standard(GB8978-96) Unit: mg/L
Item SS CODcr BOD5 Oils Total P Ammonian Class I 70 100 20 5 0.5 15
1.3.2 Acoustic environment (1) With reference to the Standard of Environmental Noise of Urban Area (GB3096-93), Class III will be applied for the residential areas within the EA scope of the project: 65dB(A) at day and 55dB(A) at night. (2) Noise Limits for Construction Site (GB12523-90) will be applied in the assessment for construction phase noise impacts (Table 1.3-3).
Table 1.3-3 Noise Limitsfor ConstructionSite (GB12523-90) Unit: dB(A) Construction stage Major source of noise Noise limit Daytime
Earth & stone work Bulldozer, excavator, loader, etc. 75 Earth & stone work Piling Pile driver, etc. 85 Piling Structuring Concrete mixer, etc. 70 Structuring Fitment Hoist, elevator etc. 65 Fitment
1.3.3 ambient air (1) Class II of the Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) will be applied for ambient air baseline and impact assessment (See Table 1.3-4). (2) Emissions of air pollutants are evaluated using Class II standard in Integrated Emission
4 StandardofA ir Pollutants (GB6297-1996) (see Table 1.3-5).
Table 1.3-4 AmbientAir Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) Unit: (mg/m 3 ) Item SO 2 NO2 TSP Class II Daily average 0.15 0.12 0.30 Hourly average 0.50 0.24 /
Table 1.3-5 Class II of the IntegratedEmission StandardofAir Pollutants (GB 16297-1996) Max. Max. Discharge Speed (kg/h) Pollutant Concentration Limit for diffilsed Pollutant allowable Height of chimney(m) Class I discharge (mg/mr) (/r 3) Hih fciie() Cas1 15 3.5 TSP 120 20 5.9 Max. Concentration in TSP312020 5.9 ambient air 1.0 30 23
1.4 Environment Protection Objects
1.4.1 Environment protection objects in the aspects of ambient air and noise
Environment protection objects in the aspects of ambient air and noise are Qianying Team No.5 and Qianying Team No.6 of Panggong Township, Shuiwa Team No.1, Zhongzhou Team No.3 and Zhongzhou Team No.4 and Shangzhou Team No.4 of Dongjin Township. Details are shown in Table 1.4-1.
Table 1.4-1 Environment protection objects in the aspects of ambient air and noise Total Household Nearest distance with the Relative location population quantity dam site (im) with the dam site Qianying Team No.5 170 42 600 NW Qianying Team No.6 206 50 400 W Shuiwa Team No.1 487 120 1600 SW Shangzhou Team No.4 372 93 1600 NE Zhongzhou Team No.3 505 126 1400 E Zhongzhou Team No.4 290 72 1400 E
1.4.2 Protection objects of water environment and ecological environment The Xiangfan city water intakes and industrial water intakes, the water quality and fishes of the Xiangfan section of the Han River are protection objects of water enviromnent and ecological enviromnent. Details are shown in Table 1.4-2
5 Table 1.4-2 Summary of the Xiangfan city water intakes and industrial water intakes No. Item Capacity (1 04 t/d) Distance to the dam site (km) 1 Xiangfan No. 2 Water 3.5 (domestic water) 16 (upstream) Plant 2 Xiangfan No. 4 Water 7 (domestic water) 15 (upstream) Plant 3 XiangfanNo. 1 Water 4.5 (domestic water) 17.5 (upstream) Plant 4 Xiangfan No. 3 Water 15 (domestic water) 16.5 (upstream) Plant 5 Xiangfan No. 5 Water 20.5 (domestic water) 28 (upstream) Plant 6 Dongfeng Automobile 7.51ndustrial water 28.5 (upstream) Company Water Plant 7 Water intake of 4.OIndustrial water 18.5 (upstream) Xiangfan Thermal Power Plant 8 Water intake of 2.51ndustrial water 18 (upstream) Xiangfan Cotton Spinning Plant 9 Water intake of 3.21ndustrial water 1.5 (upstream) Zhongtian Co. 10 Water intake of 92.71ndustrial water 5(downstream) Xiangfan Power Plant
1.5 Assessment Grade
Based on the project characteristics and the environment features of the project area, and based on the requirements in the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impacts Assessment, the classification of EA for the project is described as follows:
Table 1.5-1 EIAClassification Description Class Basis Based on HJ/2.4-1995, the noise level is expected to Acoustic environment Class III increase by 3-5 dB(A) when the project is completed. This project falls into medium-large size project. Ambient air Class III Based on HJ/12.2-93, emission volume Pi<2.5X10 9 Biological Class Based on HJ/T19-1997, the affected area>50 km2, biomass environment reduced by<50%, bio-diversity reduced by <50%. Based on HJ/T2.3-93, for wastewater discharge <1000 Water environment Class II m3/d, the large, medium and small rivers will follow the Class I_IV surface water standard respectively.
6 1.6 Scope and Period of Assessment 1.6.1 Scope of assessment
Based on the requirements of the Technical Specifications for EA of Inland River Shipping Construction Project and the actual situation of the site surveys of the project, the scope of the impacts is determined to be:
(1) Social Environment: the area directly affected by the project; (2) Ecological Environment: about 40km channel of the inundated area and 1Okm downward the dam, 200m outside the highest channel inundated line, the assessment scope will be properly extended as per the distribution of the spoil sites; (3) Acoustic environment: 200m outside the highest channel inundated line; (4) Water environment: about 40km channel of the inundated area and lOkm downward the dam; (5) Ambient air: 200m outside the highest channel inundated line; (6) Electromagnetic field: EA scope of power frequency electric field and magnetic field is 30m belt type region along 110 kV power supply line. The sketch map of assessment scope is shown in Fig. 1.6-1. 1.6.2 Period of assessment The assessment periods are construction and operation periods.
1.7 Assessment Content and Emphases 1.7.1 Assessment content The main content of the environment impact assessment of this project includes:
(1) Environment baseline assessment (2) Ecological environment impact assessment (3) Acoustic environment impact assessment (4) Water environment impact assessment (5) Ambient air impact assessment (6) Social impact assessment (7) Public consultation (8) Alternatives comparison and selection (9) Pollution prevention and treatment measures and environment economic profit and loss analysis
1.7.2 Assessment emphases
The assessment emphases are ecological environment, water environment, social impact, alternatives comparison and selection, public consultation and pollution prevention and treatment measures, especially impacts on the water quality and fishes of the reservoir area, and water quality of related water areas of intakes and drains of Xiangfan city.
7 1.8 Organization and Split of EIA Task 1.8.1 EIA team, EIA cooperation institutes and participants 1.8.1.1 EA team and main leaders
(1) SHEIDI as the EAteam
President (deputy): Peng Liangxing, Senior Engineer
(2) Main leaders of the EA task of the Project Director of EA Division: Luo Xianqing, Senior Engineer (Certificate No.: A26030002) Vice Director and Chief Engineer of EA Division: Fang Jianzhang, Senior Engineer (Certificate No.: A26030003)
(3) Project EA Team Leader: You Lixin, Environment Engineering SeniorEngineer (Certificate No.: A26030006) (4) Participants YuJinbiao Environment Engineering SeniorEngineer (Certificate No.: A26030005) ChenYong Environment Engineering Engineer Certificate No.: A26030008) Li Haidong Environment Engineering Engineer (Certificate No.: A26030009) Hu Zhiwei Environment Engineering Assistant Engineer (Certificate No.: A26030011) Wang Ming Environment Engineering AssistantEngineer (Certificate No.: A26030012) 1.8.1.2 EA cooperation institutes
Xiangfan Municipal Environment Monitoring Station
Sun Zhenghui, Wang Ling
Hydrobios Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences
He Shunping (Ichthyologist)
Central China Normal University
Liu Shengxiang (Ecologist)
1.8.2 Split of work (1) Scope of work of EA team
8 the assessment scope of Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivotal Project: 1 s*/ -- (I) Social Environment: the area directly affected by the project; (2)Ecological Environment: about 40km channel of the inundated area and 1Okm downward the dam, 200m outside the highest channel inundated line; (3)Acoustic environment: 200m outside the highest channel inundated lime: (4)Water envirornment: about 33km channel of the inundated area and 1Okm downward the dam, (5) Ambient air: 200m outside the highest channel inundated line; (6)Electromagnetic field: 30m belt type region along llO KV power supply line.
S..~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~&
assessmenfscbj~~~~~~~~~ofecol6~~~~~ical'envtronmenrwater environment ~ ~ ~ and~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~------Figure 1.6-1STh sketch ap of asessment cope andpollutin Itytare source distribtion of iangfan AS atl>a ~..,.k,A. ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~¶ ~ ~ j~~~~~~~~~~~~JM'~~~~~~~~~~~
1>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~O
a~~~~(a4
Figure1.6-1mapThesketch of assessment scope and pollution sources dist~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~butionof Xiangfan City area~~~~~~e Preparation of EIA outlines and EIA documentation, and offer technical requirement to the cooperation institute and acceptance of the information provided by the cooperation institute.
(2) Scope of work of EA cooperation institute
Xiangfan Municipal Environment Monitoring Station is responsible for monitoring the current environment quality within project area, and collect information on pollution source, natural environment, and social environment.
Hydrobios Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences is responsible for hydrobios and fishes survey and analysis of the Xiangfan Section of the Han River.
Central China Normal University is responsible for exterior auditing of hydrobios and fishes survey and analysis of the Xiangfan Section of the Han River.
1.9 Procedure for Internal Examination and Approval Entrusted by the preparation group of project department of Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivotal Project at Han River, The 2nd Harbor Engineering Investigation & Design Institute of The Ministry of Communications undertakes the environment impact assessment of Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivotal Project at Han River. Based on onsite exploration and collection of information, The 2nd Harbor Engineering Investigation & Design Institute of The Ministry of Communications prepared and completed the environment impact assessment outline in April 2004 and State Bureau of Environmental Protection convened and held Technical Assessment Meeting of Environment Impact Assessment of Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivotal Project at Han River, the representatives and experts totaling 25 persons from State Bureau of Environmental Protection, Environmental Engineering Assessment Center, Environmental Protection Office of Ministry of Communications, Chinese Academy of Environment Science, Marine Growth Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Science, Hubei Bureau of Communications, Hubei Bureau of Environmental Protection, Hubei Academy of Environment Science, Xiangfan Bureau of Communications, Xiangfan Bureau of Water Resources, Xiangfan Bureau of Environmental Protection, the owner and the design unit carried out first-hand investigation of Cuijiaying Site, Yuliangzhou, Xiangfan Fourth Water Supply Plant, the drain contamination of the water gate and the backwater area of Tangbai River in Xiangfan. Environmental Engineering Assessment Center of State Bureau of Environmental Protection gave an official and written reply according to GHPGG (2004) No. 98 Document. As to the names of the experts attending the assessment meeting, see the attachment. The 2nd Harbor Engineering Investigation & Design Institute of The Ministry of Communications will prepare the assessment report according to the assessment suggestions from Environmental Engineering Assessment Center of State Bureau of Environmental Protection; after the report is prepared, Environmental Protection Office of Ministry of Communications will review and give an official and written reply to the report.
9 2.0 PROJECT OVERVIEW AND ENGINEERING ANALYSIS
2.1 Project Overview
2.1.1 Geographical location
Xiangfan City is located at the northwestem Hubei and the middle reaches of the Han River, 110°45"' 0 0 113 43E and 31 14'-32°37N. Xiangfan City is the second largest city of Hubei province through which three railway trunks of the Jiaoliu Railline, the Xiangyu Railline and Handan Railline and National Roads No. 207 and 316 are crossing. Xiangfan City is located at the center of the Xiangfan territory, divided into three towns-Xiangcheng, Fancheng (including three economic development zones of automobile industry, hi-tech industry and Yuliangzhou tourist industry ) and Xiangyang District (the former Xiangyang County Seat). Xiangcheng is the political, cultural and educational center of the whole city.
The dam site of the project is situated at the Panggong Township, Xiangfan City, 17km away from the Xiangfan city zone, its geographical location is shown in the attached drawing No.2.1 -1. 2.1.2 Drainage Area Plan Overview 2.1.2.1 Drainage Area Overview The Han River is one of the largest tributaries at the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, originating from Ningqiang County at the south foot of the Qingling Mountain, flowing through Hanzhong and Ankang of Shaanxi and Shiyan, Xiangfan, Jingmen, Tianmen, Qianjiang, Xiantao and Xiaogan, converging into the Yangtze River in Wuhan, 1567km long in total.
The total drainage area of the Han River is 159,000km 2, accounting for 8.8% of the total Yangtze drainage area, situated at 106'12' 114 0 14E and 30008'"340 11N, including southern Shaanxi, western Henan, northern and central Hubei and part of northeastern Sichuan and southeastern Gansu, with the Qingling Mountain, the Waifang Mountain, the Funiu Mountain and the Yellow River drainage area as boundary in the north; the Funiu Mountain, the Tongbai Mountain and the Huai River drainage area as boundary in the northeast; the Daba Mountain, the Jing Mountain and the Jialing River and the Juzhang River as boundary in the southwest; the Jianghan Plain in the southeast without obvious natural watershed; connecting with the Dongjing River in the right and the Fu River water system in the left, the water system of the whole drainage area is of nervation type. The water system of the Han River drainage area is shown in Drawing No. 2.1-2.
The total fall of the trunk stream of the Han River is 1964m, the Han River can be classified into three typical river sections as per the valley features: 918km upstream of Danjiangkou as the upstream of the Han River with catchment area of 1.52 x I04km2, this section belongs to mountainous river with average gradient ratio of 6/10000, more shoals, rapid flow, scree riverbed, partly stone riverbed. The 270km Danjiangkou to Zhongxiang section is the middle reaches section with catchment area of 6.48x 1 4 km I flowing through hills and valley basins, with more shoals and shallowness, instable riverbed and average gradient ratio of 2/10000. Since the Danjiangkou Reservoir was impounded in 1968, at present it is still at the adjustment stage and riverbed load of local section has been coarsened because of change of water coming and sand coming conditions. The 379km downstream of Zhongxiang is the downstream of the Hian River with catchment area of 137x104km2 , average gradient ratio of about 1/10000, both banks having revetments, sanding riverbed, gradually narrowed, belonging to wandering single riverway.
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' Figure 2.1-1 The geographical location of Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivotal Project C <$8° ,¢X>2 - + | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Legend 0 statio of dis \tri>wct cit vazicXs| |^ ,,,~~~~~N 1 :~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~AiZki ir'~\'xrXtt Shipping and Hydropower Pivotal ProjectA.bounary |. o Han iangRivc ; |) ' . u ; Cuijiaying 9 . E ? ) & ] ' ; to ] I Ig ' p/ 77C }*q iX -42 ,< w'"/,$tEeD,*,rk@tC;Nilrs,;Ktse?sI~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~b o nd ry of p r vi ce pivot 2.1-2 The water system of Hanjiang River drainagecnscrvany ] Figure O8 ' ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ l~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2.1.2.2 Pivots Facilities of the Han River Drainage Area In accordance with the Trunk Han River Cascade Development Plan Report prepared by the Yangtze Water Conservancy Committee, there are altogether 16 dams planned for the Han River Drainage Area, including 7 in Shaaxi and 9 in Hubei. The main techno-economic figures of the 7 dams in Shaaxi are shown in Table 2.1-1, the main techno-economic figures of the 9 dams in Hubei are shown in Table 2.1-2. This project is one of the planned 16 dams. 11 Table 2.1-1 Main techno-economic figures of the 7 dams in the Han River drainage area in Shaaxi Unit Pi Huangjinjia Shiquan Xihe Ankang Xunyang Shuhe Jiahe River Han HAN Han Han Han Han Han located Location Yang Shiquan Shiquan Ankang Xunyang Xunyang Baihe, county Shaaxi Yunxi, Hubei Controlled Km2 18500 23400 26100 35700 42400 40400 51100 drainage Annual /s 256 341 375 605 679 692 719 average flow Nonnal m 450 410 365 330 240 218 199 impounded level Dead water m 400 395 362 300 237 215 194 level Available I0 'mi- 1.04 2.72 0.18 24.3 0.46 0.37 0.18 storage Installed 104Kw 12.5 13.5 8.0 80 30 20 27 capacity Assured 104K7w 2.01 3.2 2.0 17.5 5.7 5.9 4.6 capacity Annual l07Kkw h 5.0 6.3 4.16 28 8.4 8.9 8.5 power output Inundated 10Mu 0.12 0.474 0.24 4.59 0.52 0.10 0.25 farmland Resettlement 10 person 0.11 0.646 0.265 5.05 1.08 0.10 0.25 Dam type Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete gravity gravity dam gravity gravity dam gate dam gate dam gate dam dam dam Max. damn i 60 65 58 120 48 66 48 height Earthwork 10 m 84 123 54 304.2 Concrete 104m 64 46 21 2.6 work State Planned Constructed Planned Cucted cted Planned Planned Plarned Remark 12 Table 2.1-2 Main techlno-econornic figures of the pivots in the HaII River drainage area in Hubei Unit Gushan Danjiangkou Wangpuzhou Xinji Cuijiaying Yakou Nianpanshan I luajiawan Xinglong Total Item Later scale 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Location Yun county, Danjiangkou Laohekou Xiangyang Xiangyang Yicheng Zhongxiang Zhongxiang Tianmen, Yunxi city city Qianjiang Natural Distance to km 829.7 652 621.1 562.3 509.8 453.7 400.1 344.5 273.7 feature outfall Catchment Kmi- 60440 95200 95886 103165 130624 133087 140340 area of the dam site Annual I1Tmj 271.5 398.2 253.1 283.1 342.0 347.3 362.8 average water quantity X Design flood m /s 33200 79000 18070 18750 20470 21070 22840 23000 19400 flow Check flood m3/s 42800 118000 22000 24500 30670 31270 33040 26100 21600 flow Nonnal m 180 170 88 78 64 57 51 42 36 impounded Reservoir level feature Design max. r/s 33000 22300 18210 18750 20470 21070 20550 23000 drain flow 19400 Check max. m 7/s42660 47400 22070 24500 30670 31270 29710 21600 ddraini flow Dead water m 180 145A150 / / / / / level Total storage 10 m 2.69 290.5 2.22 4.55 5.6 5.41 8.6 Dead storage iOrmi 1.14 126.9-100 Control 1O"mT 162.5A190.5 0.20 storage Control Day Years Day Day Day Day Day _perfonnance Antiflood 1T0 m l / storage . 13 Cont'd Unit Gushan Dani5 angkou WanigpuzsouXinji Cuijiaying Yakou Nianpanshan Huajiawan Xinglong Later scale Total Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 12 13 Integrated Antiflood 1935 flood application can be benefit / handled / / / / / Irrigation 10 Mu -20 108m3 145 Installed capacity 104kw 15 90 10.9 18 8.5 90 12.0 Assured capacity 10ikw 4.0 23.6 3.8 5.15 2.75 2.38 3.46 Annual power l0 8 kwh 6.73 33.8 4.18 6.49 3.52 3.46 4.70 output Annual on-stream h 4487 3755 3835 3604 4141 3844 3917 hours Channel improved km 36 220 -20 Hydro- Quantity of power Set 5 6 4 5 5 5 4 power generating units station Maximum head m 18.0 80.9 10.3 13.05 7.0 6.0 8.52 features Minimum head m 7.1 55.4 3.7 7.95 0.7 2.06 2.14 Average weighted m 14.6 69.1 8.66 11.45 5.60 4.95 6.60 head Draught height m -3.8 -4.0 6.7 -6.50 -2.5 -1.8 -4.92 Setting height m 161 88 71.0 59.0 50.6 42 63.3 Powerhouse type Riverbed Darn toe Riverbed Riverbed Riverbed Riverbed Riverbed Powerhouse dimension Length m 142 175.5 132 174.0 133.3 140 117 Width m 66 26.2 72 72.5 68.7 72.0 70.0 Height m 52 49.3 64 47.5 45.6 44.4 45.5 14 Cont'd. Unit Gushan Danjiamgkou wa`gpulIou Xinji Culijiaying Yakou Nianpanshan Laterscale Huajiawan Xinglong Total Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Project Dam type Concrete Slotted Flat Flat Flat Flat Flat bottom Flat bottom Flat features gravity gravity bottom bottom bottom bottom gate dam gate, bottom dam dam gate dam gate dam gate dam gate darn flooding gate, weir flooding weir Total dan axial line m 593 1141 12387 2196 2200 979 1124 998 length Dam top elevation m 193.5 176.6 91.3 79.5 69.0 59.5 54.0 48.66 45 Maximum darn height m 44.0 111.6 15.3 17.5 19.0 18.5 19.0 15.66 19.0 Dam site bedrock Marble Grit Grit Grit Grit Grit Overflow weir elevation m 164 152 41.5 35.5 Overflow weir width m 19X 14 20 X 8.5 / / / / / 800 800 Deep hole elevation m 113 78.0 64.0 52.0 43.0 37.0 35.0 28.0 (gate bottom plate) Deep hole size (single m / 5X6 14.5 15.0 14.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 gate hole width) Deep hole quantity pc / 11 23 29 55 61 36 16 9 (gatehole quantity) Basic seismic intensity 0 VI VI-VII VI VI VI VI VI VI VI Ship pass building type Inclined Ship lift Shiplock Shiplock Shiplock Shiplock Shiplock Shiplock Shiplock ship lift Ship box size Length m 40 24 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 Width m 8.7 10 12 12 23 23 23 23 23 Depth m 13 0.9 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Design capacity 1 100 300 300 300 500 500 500 500 500 15 Unlit Gushan Dalijiangkou Wagpuzliou Xinj i Cuijiaying Yakou Nianpanshan Huajiawan Xinglong Total Late Scae Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Main Excavation I OT'h 140.5 25.9 813.9 684.3 1351.8 2044 610.1 46.2 83.4 5800 work Filling l 4m 20.8 555.0 437.3 520.1 109.3 82.4 68.6 170.4 141.5 2084.5 load Concrete 104m3 67.8 118.0 51.05 53.8 48.7 42.67 49.17 18.8 17.4 467.39 Steel materials 10 t 2.53 0.7 1.93 2.43 2.44 3.07 2.61 0.59 0.5 16.8 bliwlatioii Inundated Mu 0.09 20.2 1.21 1.57 0.49 farmland Resettlement 104 0.50 22.4 0.023 1.11 0.73 person Backwater line km 35.5 193.6 30.0 length Period Total period a 5 5 4 4.5 5 5 4.5 3 3 I t Total investment 10yua 6.82 33.11 6.86 12.31 7.03 7.97 7.71 3.38 2.48 87.67 Investment/kW yuan/kW 4546.7 6293.6 6838.9 8270.6 8855.6 6245 Reservoir 16':iuan 0.66 26.87 0.20 1.86 / / 0.98 investment State Planned Constucted IConstructed Planned Planned Planned Planned Planned Planned 16 Among the planned 16 dams, four water conservancy facilities built in the Han River are located at the upstream of the Cuijiaying Pivot, which are described as below: 1. Shiquan Water Conservancy Pivot It is 1198km away from the mouth of the Han River, built in 1975, normal impounded level of 410m, dead water level of 375m, once-every-100-year design flood flow of 21500m3 /s, total reservoir capacity of 550 million m3, belonging to seasonal control reservoir, total installed capacity of 13.5 X 104kW, no shiplock has been built till now. 2. Ankang Water Conservancy Pivot It is 1022km away from the mouth of the Han River, normal impounded level of 330m, dead water level of 300m, once-every-100-year design flood flow of 35600m 3 /s at P=0.2%, total reservoir capacity of 2580 million mi3 , belonging to incomplete annual control reservoir, total installed capacity of 80 X 104kW, a l OOt vertical ship lift has been built with amnual throughput capacity of 25-30 X 104t and drain shipping flow of 90' 110m 3 /s. 3. Danjiangkou Water Conservancy Pivot It is located at joint of upstream and middle reach of the Han River, 649km away from the mouth of the Han River, built in 1973, normal impounded level of 157m (Wusong), dead water level of 139m(Wusong), total reservoir capacity of 17450 million mi3 , backwater length of 178km, total installed capacity of 90 X 104kW, the preliminary scale of the pivot is composed of barrage, hydropower station, irrigation canal and ship lift, the hydropower station undertakes the peak control task, and minimum drain flow of 200m3/s. The Danjiangkou Water Conservancy Pivot has exerted enormous benefits since its first power generating unit generated power in 1968 and its initial scale formed in 1973. It has preliminarily eliminated the flood threat to about 8 million Mu farmland and nearly 5 million people at the middle reaches and downstream of the Han River, and it is the peak control, frequency modulation and emergency spare power plant in the Huazhong power network. It has achieved outstanding benefits in the aspects of irrigation and aquatics breeding, and it has advantages and disadvantages in the shipping aspect, the advantages are that 95km upstream Danjiangkou forms a deepwater channel in the reservoir area and that the drain flow process is getting uniform and shipping conditions of local sections are improved because of control and storage function of the reservoir at the downstream of the dam; the disadvantages are that the backwater alteration zone of the reservoir area is of large range, and that the navigation blocking problem is serious at regression period, and water and sand condition change at dam toe will make the riverbed have new adjustment and evolvement, especially the water level daily change extent is large which is extremely disadvantageous to navigation because of the impacts of daily control instable flow. In addition, the ship passing facility of the pivot is of 150DWT, not reaching the original design capacity-300DWT, some problems exist in the aspects of equipment and management. Now the middle-line scheme of the South Water Diverted to North Project has been decided, the elevation of the Danjiangkou Dam will be increased up to 170m (Wusong). 4. Wangpuzhou Water Conservancy Pivot It is located at about 3km downstream of Laohekou city zone, 30km away from upstream Danjiangkou Pivot, 621.1knm away from the mouth of the Han River, the first step of middle 17 and downstream of the Han River, featured as hydropower generation, together with irrigation, breed aquatics and tour, normal impounded level of 86.23m, dead water level of 85.48m, once-every-50-year design flood flow of 18070 m 3/s , total reservoir capacity of 3.095X 108 m3 , total installed capacity of 10.9 X 104kW. The operation way of the reservoir is quite related with control of the Danjiangkou Reservoir, when the reservoir is at the initial diversion scale of 1.5 billion m3 , the Wangpuzhou hydropower station will be operated synchronically with the Danjiangkou hydropower station, the minimum drain flow for navigation is 200m3/s. Such operation way makes the Wangpuzhou hydropower station possess peak control function naturally, but at the same time, impacts of daily control instable flow on the downstream channel will appear. The later scale, i.e. the Danjiangkou Dam will be heightened to the final scale, will gradually change the operation way of the Wangpuzhou hydropower station, make the reservoir able to be partly or completely deregulated. The pivot will build a 300DWT shiplock with the effective dimensions of the lock chamber of 120x12x2.5m. Layouts of water conservancy pivots built and to be built at the Han River are shown in the attached drawings No.2.1-3. 2.1.2.3 Logic sequence of construction of Shipping and Hydropower Pivot in Han River Valley 1. According to the principle of fully and reasonably utilize hydropower resources, Chinese government planned 16-level dams in Han River truck stream and canalized the truck stream of Han River in stairs so as to fully play the comprehensive functions of shipping, power generation, irrigation and flood control of Han River. Among the planned 16-level dams, there are 7 dams in Han River in Shaanxi Province. At present, the 2-level operation has been built in Shaanxi as well as Hubei. According to the order from the upper to the lower, the 9-level dams in Hubei Province are as follows: (1) Gushan; (2) Danjiangkou (built into); (3) Wangpuzhou; (4) Xijin; (5) Cuijiaying; (6) Yakou; (7) Nianpanshan; (8) Huajiawan and (9) Xinglong. 2. Han River is the main branch of Changjiang River water system, with the advantages of very good natural conditions and regional advantages of developing water carriage and comprehensively utilizing water resources; which is listed as one of the main water carriage channels by Ministry of Communications. According to the objective conditions that Ministry of Communications regards the main water carriage channel of Han River by 2020 as the route goal in the third stage of Ministry of Communications and the development of Han River in stairs, Hubei Bureau of Communications prepared the internal river shipping development planning in 2002 and specified the construction time of each stair, namely: Xinglong in 2009, Huajiawan in 2014, Nianpanshan in 2014, Yakou in 2017, Cuijiaying in 2009, Xinjin in 2014 and Gushan in 2012. 3. In view of comprehensive benefit, the reason why Hubei selected Cuijiaying as the third largest dam in Hubei for construction is that this dam is adjacent to Xiangfan, the second 18 450 Legend 400 41 Water Conservancy Pivots Built (Tn) I1 ' m~~~~~~ 91 362 4 Water Conservancy Pivots to be Built 330 1: 2000 300 lScaleengthways 4,f g ef, i transverse 1: 2000000 Line of riverbed 2 4 0 W -. ~~~~218 200 I o11 96 181 * ~~~~~~~~~~~~170 Ceadier) 100: ------~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~------ 1300 1250 1200 1150 1100 1050 1000 950 900 850 800 750 700 Placename 52 i . ______t,c Distancefromlavou (kin) Ln C. G xDeslgiledAaterieVelem)Ic °~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C4C4 °M C, °o O- -W rl N 0 l 0 coX 40 o .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ccoc o - r | H:ifzof,i.nbell~~~~~~~~~~~C 40 cj ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~w--e'J- r UM) , f C !2 - S sco 2 >f _>>OD °H' fJ-) 0 a cli C0 a 04o0ow - F-Icightofrivcweu~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.U, m- M c't ew r - M - co --- N~~~~~~~~~~ - Figure 2.1-3 Layouts of water conservancy pivots built and to be built at Hanjiang River (1) 90 88 Legend 480 78 | Water Conservancy Pivots Built I(inem ) id j 70 W 64(645) t Water Conservancy Pivots to be Built g ~~~~~~64(645) ,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ...... 60, 50~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5 | 2000 so\ 51 5 Scl .....lengthways 1: transverse 1: 2000000 40. . 42 .%z g 36 5 30_ 20 903 .3 ine ofriveied 0~ ...... _ -10 . . ._ .. . .. I50 100 50 0 600 550 500 450 400 3350 300 250 200 N L~~~~~~~ Placename ~~~'n' ". 0 0 .0 0' . Distance from bayoulbrt)(km )r 0' C 0o-. 0 0000 00 1 *' -. ~. Designed water level (m) 1-r- x 0S Heightofriverbed (m) -2 & v ° - 0" o> e & ; -- - - 0' . __ . . . l ~~~~. ._ FigureI2.1-3 Layouts of water conservancy pivots built and to be built at Hanjiang River (2) S ~~~~~~~~~~~~2.1-3 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~FigureLayouts of water conservancy pivots built and to be built at Hanjiang River (2) largest city in Hubei; after it is built, it can release the contradictions in the aspects such as irrigation, urban power supply, harbor and water level of the channel and so on in Xiangfan. 2.1.3 Main Techno-economic Figures of the Project 2.1.3.1 Project Class and Standard 1. Project Class The Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivotal Project is a comprehensive application project mainly featured as shipping one and compromises to generate hydropower with the hydropower generated to promote shipping, its normal impounded level is 63.23m and its corresponding reservoir volume is 285 million m3, and its installed capacity is 96MW. The total capacity of the reservoir is 1 01 .Ox 108m 3, this project is decided as Class II with Large (2) type scale. The installed capacity of the hydropower station is 50-300MW, the project class is Class III, its scale is middle scale; As for the integrated application water conservancy and hydropower pivot project, the standard specifies that the highest class will govern for the whole pivot project when classification figures belong to several different classes, therefore, this project is classified as Class II. The pivot building is composed of shiplock, hydropower station, sluice gate and earth dam. According to the pivot classification standard, permanent buildings belong to Class II, secondary buildings Class III, and temporary buildings Class IV. 2. Flood standard The main buildings of this project are designed as per one flood every 50-100 years and checked as per one flood every 300- 1000. Considering the downstream flood will be lessened and the anti-flood standard of the area downstream of the Danjiangkou Dam will be upgraded after the execution of the Danjiangkou final project. At the same time, from the viewpoint of consequences of building wreckage, no serious losses will be caused. Therefore the main buildings will be designed as per one flood every 50 years with its corresponding flood flow of 19600 m3/s and will be checked as per one flood every 300 years with its flood peak flow of 25380 m3/s. 2.1.3.2 Engineering scheme and techno-economic figures The pivot is situated at 17km at the downstream of Xiangfan City with control drainage area of 13.06x 104 km2, normal impounded level of 63.23m (except indicated in this outlines, all the levels are of the Yellow Sea Elevation System), backwater length of about 39.8km up to Xinji, and it is composed of water release gate, dam, shiplock and powerhouse. 1. Water release gate It is of RC lock-and-dam structure, designed as per Class II hydraulic structure, with gate top elevation of 66m, design flood discharge capacity of 19600m3 /s and total gate length of 543.2m. 2. Dam 19 It is of clay inclined wall grit shell structure, with the dam top elevation just the same as that of water release gate, top width of 6.5m (communication requirements have been considered) and total dam length of 1324m. 3. Shiplock Its hydraulic structure is of dock structure with lock chamber's effective dimension of 180 X 23 X 3.5m and the design annual maximum trafficability of 1425.6x 10 4t. 4. Powerhouse Its installed capacity is 96MW (5 power generating units) and two circuits of 11 OkV HV lines are connected with the Xiangfan city power network. The main characteristics of the pivot project are shown in Table 2.1-3. 20 Table 2.1-3 The main characteristics of the pivot project No. and description Unit Quantity Remarks I. Hydrological data 1. Drainage area Total drainage area km2 159000 Area over the project site km2 130624 The one in the bracket 2. Average runoff over years l0 9m3 449 (341) means the late scope after water diversion II. Reservoir 1. Water level of reservoir Late scope of Danjiangkou Maximum flood level m 64.22 Design flood level m 63.23 Normal water level m 63.23 Dead water level m 62.73 2. Reservoir area in normal water level km 2 80.64 3. Backwater length Km 39.8 4. Capacity of reservoir Total reservoir capacity (reservoir 9 3 capacity under maximum flood level) 10m 3.86 Reservoir capacity under normal water lO9m3 2.85 level Balancing storage (from normal water lO9m3 045 level to the dead water level) 5. Height of dam m 13 III. Indexes of benefits 1. Benefit of power generation Installed capacity MW 96 Guaranteed capacity MW 36.3 Annual average power output over years lO9 kW h 4.39 2. Irrigation benefit Area I OOOOmu 177 3. Shipping benefit Shorten the mileage of the channel Km 34.7 Tonnage t 1000 Annual freight amount planned lOOOOt/year 598.8 Year 2030 4. Main electromechanical devices Quantity of hydraulic turbine Set 6 Unit capacity MW 16 Max. operating head m 8.08 Min. operating head m 1.5 Rated operating head m 5.5 Rated flow m3 /s 330 21 2.1.4 General Layout Within the limitative river section, two dam sites are selected for comparison, the upper site is situated in the borrow area of Qianjiaying Brickyard and the lower one situated in 6th group of Qianjiaying, about 600 away from each other. The general arrangement plan of the upper dam site is shown in Fig. 2.1-4. According to the comparison, the lower dam site scheme is recommended. Based on the lower dam site scheme, the ship lock scheme at the right bank and the one at the left bank will be compared. (1) Scheme I (ship lock scheme at the right bank) The dam is of axial line length of 2150.2m, dam top elevation of 66.00m. From the right to the left, the project is arranged as follows: Connection section 60m, ship lock 43m, workshop for power plant (including installation yard 57m) 180m, 28 water release gates 543.2m and earth dams 1324m. The general arrangement plan is shown in Fig. 2.1-5 and the elevation drawing is shown in Fig. 2.1-6. (2) Scheme II (ship lock scheme at left bank) From the right to the left, the project is arranged as follows: Connection section 18m, workshop for power plant (including installation yard 46m) 169m, 28 water release gates 543.2m, ship lock 43m and earth dams 1338m. The general arrangement plan is shown in Fig. 2.1-7 and the elevation drawing is shown in Fig. 2.1-8. According to comparison and selection, Scheme I (Ship lock scheme at the right bank) is recommended. Wiring sketch map of transmission line is shown in Fig. 2.1-9. A drawing of the cross-section of the dam structure is shown in Fig. 2.1 -1G0. Shiplock Power Plant Earth Dam / I -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~66.00 I 11.50m 18. 27m 13.00m 54. 50 50 53.00 I, ' 47. 73.' Riverbed Fi g. 2. 1-10 A drawing of the cross-section of the dam structure 2.2 Inundation of the Reservoir Area and Resettlement 2.2.1 Inundation of the Reservoir Area 2.2.1.1 Brief introduction to the reservoir The Project is one step of the Han River Middle Reach and Downstream Cascade Development Plan, about 17km away from Xiangfan city zone upstream. The right bank of the dam site is 22 r SM&Mravl 130624 MW 96 t T 2 ( |$t$^&Se t08@1'm t 47m7 t ( ZK I Rm4;*T e 1470 |tsZ ( a 5 S ______. _ _ _ _ _ ; |~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A*AXA* I ______s D3/S 25380 P=O. 33f 8 _____ mV/s 18600 p--2% ~ ~ ~ M/S a330.42 in 64. 22 P--0.336 iglttMW 36.3 M 63. 23 D--2% VF 2IA looKt 4.3 /E 9 174& m 66 23 *M;fflji h 4069 _ *= =n m 62. 73 =__ ~ 0 i = = i2 iti;ik51 i Rsm tt9SiMS67X21. m46-TZ3 61. 9 _3.86 ~~600~~m~~T ~2.65 iMi~~~i) 10~Ot/If 675 _ _ _ /_ Oo 0. 43 _ _ _ _ _ m 9.0 m 66.00 WX1 1AWA I 46.03 __i _ ____ m 18*X23X3-_ -~~~~ ~~~ ~ ~ L ~~26 i6 01 i 63.23 _ _ _ __16______r9 m 02.73 __6L __ _ TA:A W*,MOI m 62.46 in 52. 7 5___4.23 _ _ _ ±-UJA n 1038 ___ Figure 2A1-4 The general arrangement plan of the upper dam site -~ ~~~~~~ r1 1 *_I II=a ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2Ct _ _ _ _ l l tMilU;,,K2130624 _1__ mW 96 f$MS$1Z 810'm' 487 Dm 5 S *.6 | W A~ I * mV$w*i s 1470 _ e3 3i gf _ 6 ______~~A*l~1I~~MI S 25380 5--. 33W Iff& ml/ s 19600 p tl i- MSI/s 330.42 ______Im 64.22 p=O.33 . i_ _ _E_d_t mW 36. 3 ______HI 63.23 P=-2W 10 W 4.39 iEW*'fJt m 63.23 ______h 4569 m 62.73 ______/ / tStgElAlEFtS10-M 3. 96 _oIt 17x21.6x2f1AX2 lXI M 10l _m' 2. 5 Bi itr_it* it O' 675 ilvitv - 10'In' 0.43 Els - RitatzA m 9. ____ _fi _iA_ m 66.00oo __A_=__ .m 48.53 lt l ______HIm 0X23X3. 229 m 63.23 r | o)il t | 1Kit&t. 1|>/S 16'l91 1 1 1 1i3ffi{Xizi< 1 m 1 54D~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l627 MMMS MY~s1. _____ Tmq H 62.46 CV) ~ ~~~~~~iRi41*tiAT S 52.7 L______H 64.23 _ _ _ |IV n 1340 ______{ / t1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~______tiER{NsMt HI 6. 73iRXtt . ,l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -S-- - - - U-,~Jl = = ...... _... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~D.. .. Figure 2.1-5 The general arrangement plan of the lower dam site (Scheme I) l~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(~t6m)(t41m (E;7m (lXl1i2 3m) ifflj7dflj Ex (?t543. 2m) i A1xImi 5I I ,75 50 425 U00 50 600 '00 ^0 300 '0A 40 0 105 5. 0.4... 2.1~~~~~~~~~~~~~1.4 4. 100 55 04 205 l 5278?| _ 61.40f 20. 80 I. 44> MiLm~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~8516 542 54.4 a-As2.4 b2 52.0 2.0 9 051 00.°85o2Ea E~~~ 25.25 ~~~~~~~~~~~40.0 l ~~~4.810 44.0 87.2 30.20 t l± . iffl2J< Ill HI9Bi (2t1340m) 24 7 -0.2 1t4.0 - 1 0 i11i, ,iEtEEEEE,,liii i 4,j2.32Q_so ' =W :i:EE!!E 14 21.24 i l~ ~ ~~ I1~~ ~~~~44 6142i 412 0085~~~~90 0022ua 0.25A ,_, so3:!_ o o 1 ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 55so 75 | _ i R~~~~~~ T .3.. .0D 50( +... Figure lower2.1-62The5elevation dam 27 site (Schemedrawing of Ithe ) 17 0_-{150 ' ~ - -2O0 4 . o . , _~~~~~~~~~~~~~-se Figure 2.1-6 The elevation drawing of the lower dam site (Scheme I E f 130024 Iw 96 ~4~I 10mg 4674_ _ _= _ m _ _ _ _1_ mVS 1470 #624 0 - 6 M| | 25380 | P=O*2 t fair | | ______~~mlus 18000 p -- Ck *-41tI MIn/ 2230.42 m 64. 22 P=O2 33% tiiEE t I W 36.3 1m 623.2 % 4 J3|1**A '0b / 4. 39 FT1fY t m °363 B;fltflHtt h22$ 4569 %i _ _ _ m48 _ iit t0, m 167X216X2 -TA f IIf0TI t ofs 2.85 R ittriAdr lo'U'F 963.23 10 6' 1I 0.443 I . 0 19 ______~~m66. 00 v - _ _ _ __- 1ts{ FXlifttWX m5627 4.M0 *AJt M ___61 _ _ _ _ in 62.46 _ _t _ _- _ _ _ 5_2.7 __ _ _ _ 5__4.2 _ _ _ _ 1El - 1 1340 _ uu / L 1 1 =~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~L2 XI 4 Ott, EW.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,KIL, 2. t ~ *t j I L1t 1 o E~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*F 4. : o k~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.X 3537794.54 Y 37609049.41 H: X 3537562.95 Y 37611519.86 050 l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2 l Figure 2.1-7 The general arrangement plan of the lower dam site (Scheme II) A~L7J(ITEx (,,5 4 3. 2m) (t6Om) (M46m) fLK (t123m) -r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A ,:mm70944.41 ?~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~E6 _ 4l _ 93E39iE M ES G3 El ES33 EiE EEllE Ein9E 3 3 15gU{* -o |?LIi1) x53 (74.1M) 53.4 ±1 (t1326m) 75 ...... ~~~~~~~~~~P 2 5 Figure 2.1-8 The elevation drawing of the lower dam site (Scheme II) I~~~~I- Legen -0 220KV transfornmr slt station and transmiss'ion linecs 11 0KV tranIS rorm11eCsub ation anid transi isii,soin hues Ilydropower plants LZJ Firepower planits Figure 2.1-9 The sketch map of transmission line of Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivotal Project located at Panggong Township, Xiangcheng District, Xiangfan City, the left bank at the Zhongzhou Village, Dongjin Township, Xiangyang County. The river section is situated at the southwestern edge of the Nanxiang Basin with its upper section flow direction as southeast to east, zigged down to south after Xiangfan City, forming a large-scale multi-branch curve bend from east to south. The river section from the Cuijiaying pivotal project to upper step Xinji pivot is 39.8km long (based on the south branch length). The reservoir area river section formed after the project is completed and impounded is located at the wide and shallow branch of the Han River middle reach. It can be divided as upstream wide and shallow section, middle straight city zone section and downstream branch goose head section according to the riverway features. Upstream the Xiangfan Changhong Bridge is upstream section, about 27km long, wide and shallow, multi-branched, river width between 1500m and 3000m at flood season and about 200400m at low water period. Because of long-term clear water drain and scouring of the Danjiangkou Reservoir, sand entrained gravel riverbed has formed, meanwhile, clear water scouring has resulted in shoal collapse and water surface widening too. The section from the bridge to Yingxumenxia is the middle section, both banks are restricted mainly by the urban area embankment, the river width is smaller, the river channel is single and straight, which can restrict the riverbed evolvement of this section, and is the double-direction joint to control the change of regime downstream. Downstream the city zone section is downstream section, the riverway is zigged from east down to the south which is a typical goose head branch with maximum river width of about 6km at flood season, divided into south branch and north branch, the north branch is 17km long and the main branch over twenty years ago, into which there are two primary branches the Xiaoqing River and the Tangbai River joined. The south branch is the current main branch, 8km long and under change at present. Between the two branches is about 5km long and 4km wide central island-Yuliangzhou Island, the island face maximum elevation is 67.3m, its general elevations are 63.3-64.3m. In September 1996, the Xiangfan Municipality decided to set up the Yuliangzhou Tour Development Zone and has completed part of infrastructures and buildings. The Cuijiaying Pivot belongs to an integrated shipping and hydropower low water head canalized step, and the project belongs to riverbed runoff type hydropower station, discharging flood at flood season and elevating the water level to facilitate shipping and hydropower generation only at non-flood season, incoming water will still be controlled within the original riverbed. The reservoir area formed at upstream of the dam area is a riverway type reservoir, with its reservoir capacity control range at 25-39 million m3 at impounded level of 62.23- 63.23m, only daily control can be done. The reservoir is a river type one. 2.2.1.2 Inundation scope At the prefeasibility study stage, three impounded levels of 62.23m, 62.73m and 63.23m are selected at this conceptual development for plans comparison, these three plans have the same dam top elevation of 66.00m and the basically same control and application method to meet flood discharge demand. On the basis of the scope of the reservoir properly decided, the inundated area and the impacts of immergence, bank collapse and landslide caused due to inundation and the inundation impacts on the local national economy will be studied. Specifically speaking, it is to mainly study the problems of land inundation, city drainage, farmland drainage and irrigation, bank 23 stability and farmland inundation etc. due to level raising. Because this pivot is of small capacity, restricted control capacity, basically open to discharge flood at flood season, therefore the backwater lengths of flows at two different frequencies are shorter at flood season, backwater final position is about 16km, once every twenty years and about 27km, once every five years. Both the backwater lengths of flows at moderate and low water seasons are 34.2km (based on the south branch length). At the backwater sections of the outfalls of the two branches and at floods of two different frequencies, the average raised levels at the outfalls are smaller than 0.5m, basically no impacts will be caused on flood discharge of the two branches. At moderate and low water seasons, the levels will be raised by 2-3m, of these two branches, the Xiaoqing River outfall surface is higher than the impounded level, no land inundation problem exists. 1993 Waterway Relief Map shows that the Tangbai River outfall section will have a small part of bottomland to be inundated. Inundation scope of the reservoir is shown in Drawing No. 2.2-1. Because the existing farmland at both banks are higher than the natural river levels at moderate and low water seasons, it is irrigated by relying on electric pumping devices. At the same time, five city water supply plants take water from the Han River. Because of pumping method applied, the project will raise the levels at moderate and low water seasons, which will not restrict water intake and play an active role in stabilizing water intake points because of water surface stability and moderate shoal change. As for the reservoir area impact and compensation issues, we will pay more attentions to study the impacts on the dike due to long-term soak under the flows at moderate and low water seasons, and the compensations on drain pipe mouths in the city zone section below the impounded level and compensation on the drain culverts and gates of farmland at the downstream, and will put forward compensation recommendations on the losses caused due to inundation of part of one-harvest planting land outside the dike and inundation of farmland inside the dike. 2.2.1.3 Index in kind (1) Land inundation The Cuijiaying Reservoir scope will not exceed the existing flood riverway, all the inundated land belongs to state-owned river bottomland, the main inundated object is the central island of the reservoir area - the Yuliangzhou Island, with its beach face elevation of 63.3-68m, and total area of about 26km 2, most of which is temporary planting land with one harvest in winter and spring due to flooding at flood season in summer, and these planting lands are of bad soil and bad planting condition and very low output without water conservancy facilities, belonging to non-farmland without benefit. The inundated bottomlands outside the dike of the impounding plans of Cuijiaying Reservoir are summarized in Table 2.2-1.. Table 2.2-1 Summary of inundation indexes of inundated bottomlands outside Cuijiaying Reservoir Unit: mu Water level (m) Xiangcheng Xiangyang Fancheng Yuliangzhou Total District District District 62.23 813 6911 715 11874 20313 62.73 1572 8776 1538 14094 25979 24 -f~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Xbintji Niushou f1 Zhutiao ; - -) L , - Baijiawan Shizipu Xiaingfan City i Isan NT4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' uni Lmu _ . .Uliltmu . 4 -- - ~~~~~~CuijiayingShipping and. Hydropower Pivotal.~~~~~~~> Project wXnpNxE level Poonq Town Dallgm TO Zag2TownDWr Yuipm ixel" Amonff: . 62.23 718 3230 1752 11907 16797 AUIgO op f6.3 62.73 1126 3643 2161 13041 19971 hladation um scope of 62.73m 63.23 1504 3837 2639 016051 1 24031 ^ nnao cp f6.3 Figure 2.2-1 Inundation scope of the reservoir of Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivotal Project 63.23 2088 9129 1819 15196 28232 (2) Population, houses and accessory facilities The inundation of Cuijiaying reservoir does not involve the resettlement of the population, the total area of the submerged houses is 1.4x 104m2 and the accessory facilities include toilets 122.4 m and pens 1699.2 m2 for livestocks. The residents outside the bank in the reservoir are mainly classified into four areas: the first is the starting area to develop Yuliangzhou, now some citizens has liven in it and since its construction foundation of the houses are relatively higher, it will not be influenced by the submergence; the second is the area from Chenjiapo to Dongdazha near Dongjing Town, there are a few residents living outside the bank; the third is Yuliangzhou, some land contractors build the temporary houses or grass sheds for convenient cultivation and management; their houses and household registration are in the bank; the fourth is the area from Tizikou port to Qinghekou within the city zone of Xiangfan; a few of persons are living outside the bank, who are the outlands or the local floating population. According to the river management regulation, except the public facilities such as water conservancy facilities, traffic facilities and power facilities within the riverway, other buildings shall be removed as the squatter houses, therefore, they are excluded in the submergence objects. Taking the interests of the masses into account, the resettlement of the population shall be settled by Xiangfan Government together with the related authorities. This project will only count and give proper compensation for the residents' houses and the accessory facilities. (3) Scattered trees There are 13815 trees totally to be submerged, among which the scattered economic fruit trees are 4090 and other trees are 9725. (4) Special facilities The submergence will influence 4 industrial and mining enterprises, tourist port 34m and excavation of channels 3800m; 20 water pump stations 1860kW, 18 farming land irrigation stations (gates) and 1 hydrologic station; 8 water discharge gates and 2 blowdown holes of municipal facilities; 1 freight terminal (city zone); The rural production and living facilities to be influenced include 15 sandstone materials transportation station and sand yards, 7200m conduit pipes, 3 50 KVA transformers and 1.7km 25 tractor plowing roads. 2.2.2 Land Acquisition and Relocation of the Dam Area 2.2.2.1 Land acquisition scope According to the project plan layout and detailed engineering design, the right bank of the dam area to be acquired is limited to the narrow and long zone from east of the National Road No.207 to the river bank, the specific scope is from the Hubei Pharmaceutical Factory to the Yujiahu Oil Tank Farm, including the Qianying Team No.6 Village and the vegetable plot of the Panggong Street Office, part of dry land of Shuiwa Team No.1 and the Street-Owned Tiles Factory etc. A small part of dry land within the dike will be acquired along near the dam axial line at the left bank, no relocation issues of residents and special facilities are involved. Diversion canal excavation will occupy part of island bottomland in the riverway. 2.2.2.2 Index in kind The right bank of the construction area of Cuijiaying Pivotal Project involves Qianying Village where Panggong Street Office of Xiangcheng district of Xiangfan City is situated in, including two villages and Qianyingcun villagers' committee, Qianying Welfare Office, Qianying Chemical Engineering Factory and other collective organizations; the enterprises and the government-sponsored institutions include Third brickyard, Qianying Railway Maintenance Squad, Pump house and dormitory as well as the staff's hospital of Sandali Cement Factory; the left bank involves two villages, namely Zhongzhou Village and Xiazhou Village in Dongjing Town in Xiangyang District. (1) Land 2909mu various land will be acquisited for pivot construction, among which there is 400mu rural collective land (including 342mu dry land, 40mu garden land, 6 forest land and 12 mu pound); 2269mu flood land (including 38mu dry land and 223 1mu forest land); 197mu land for construction and 43 mu other unused land. Various land area balance analysis table is shown in Table 2.2-2. (2) Population and houses The population to be influenced by the land acquisited for construction mainly concentrates in the permanent land acquisition area, involving in 261 persons, among which there are 105 agricultural persons and 156 non-agricultural persons; the area of the houses is 47080.6 m2 totally, see table 2.2-3. (3 ) Scattered trees There are 4160 trees to be influenced, among which there are 582 fruit trees and 3578 other trees. (4) Special facilities 4 industrial and mining enterprises will be influenced, 8 poles of communication cables totaling .km will be influenced, 1.4 poles of 35KV power transmission lines totaling .km and 0.28 km tractor plowing roads will be influenced. 26 Table 2.2-2 Land area balance table of construction field of Cuijiaying Pivot No. Item Area (mu) Ratio (%) I Total area of permanent land 17.6100 occupation for the project 1 Farming collective land 269.51 18.32 1.1 Dry land 211.01 14.35 1.2 Garden plot 39.66 2.70 1.3 Forest land 6.18 0.42 1.4 Pound 12.66 0.86 2 Flood land 1104.68 75.10 2.1 Dry land 37.68 2.56 2.2 Forest land 1067.00 72.54 3 Land for construction 83.86 5.70 3.1 Land for housing 14.61 0.99 Land for industrial and mining 3.2 enterprises and 69.25 4.71 government-sponsored institutions 4 Unused land 12.81 0.87 Total area of temporary land II 1438.14 100.00 occupation for the project 1 Farming collective land 130.94 9.10 1.1 Dry land 130.94 9.10 2 Flood land 1164.00 80.94 2.1 Forest land 1164.00 80.94 3 Land for construction 113.20 7.87 3.1 Land for housing 12.56 0.87 Land for industrial and mining 3.2 enterprises and 100.64 7.00 govermnent-sponsored institutions 4 Unused land 30.00 2.09 27 Table 2.2-3 Table of population and houses to be influenced by the construction land of Cuij iaying Pivot No. Item Unit Total 1 Number of household Household 67 2 Total population Person 261 2.1 Agricultural household Person 105 2.2 Non-agricultural Person 156 household 3 Area of houses m2 47080.6 3.1 Area of rural houses m2 31328.0 Area of house for 3.2 enterprises and m2 15752.6 government-sponsored institutions 2.3 Construction Conditions and Work Load 2.3.1 Construction conditions The Cuijiaying Pivot is situated near Qianying about 17km downstream of Xiangfan city, having National Road No. 207 passing by at the right bank to Shashi city, Wuhan and the all corners of China, the Xiangfan city zone road network extends in all directions to Hubei, Henan, Sichuan and Shaanxi with very convenient communications. The Jiaozhi Railline passes through the Xiangfan Railway Station, connecting with the Xiangyu Railline and Handan Railline to reach the whole China. The golden waterway-the Han River has a good transport condition with 300-500DWT ships running from Wuhan nonstop to Xiangfan, large and heavy parts can be transported to the dam site with vessels. The dam site has excellent communications conditions, materials and equipment can be conveniently transported to the dam site from different supplies of goods. The Cuijiaying Pivot is one step of the Han River cascade development project, the recommended dam axial line length is 2150.2m in total, the main buildings are arranged from right to left bank in the following order: shiplock, powerhouse, 28-hole water release gate and earth dam. The normal impounded level of the reservoir is 63.23m with total capacity of 2.85 x 10 m3, the shiplock is designed as per the one pushboat and four ships single line and single class lOOODWT barge fleet with lock chamber's available dimension of 180x23x3.5m (LxWxsill depth); The hydropower station is of 5x17.6MW bulb through flow type sets, and the powerhouse is of riverbed type. 28 2.3.2 Work load The main hydraulic structures of this project are powerhouse, shiplock, water release gate, earth dam and diversion cofferdam etc. The main work loads of the recommended scheme are shown in Table 2.3-1. Table 2.3-1 Bill of Quantities Water Earth and Ship Power Access Temporary Sub-total Item Unit release rockfihllu-oa lock plant road works gate dam 4 3 Earth excavation 10 m 33.16 32.61 210.92 17.40 4.10 777.04 1075.23 Stone works 14M Stonew104m3 s 4.95 15.79 1.48 0.40 22.62 excavation 4 3 Filling 10 m 31.56 2.31 66.82 3.30 82.56 186.55 4 3 Concrete 10m 11.97 23.30 23.75 1.48 0.79 1.05 62.34 Reinforced bar t 2392.60 9633.55 7314.00 55.96 388.00 19784.11 Metallic t 1121.10 3540.34 6213.70 10875.14 structure Curtain grouting m 2903.30 2410.00 4210.00 9323.30 Consolidation m 7665.00 9054.00 3110.00 19829.00 grouting High-speed impermeable m 1200.00 17901.00 31152.00 50253.00 wall Punching gravel puncingael m 4900.00 43908.00 48808.00 pile ______ 4 3 Stone filling 10 m ------3.06 33.66 36.72 Masonry block 104m3 2.14 0.20 7.52 0.90 0.07 8.62 19.45 2.3.3 Temporary works 2.3.3.1 Construction access road Construction organization design indicates that a 1.8km long trunk road at the left bank, and two trunk roads with total length of 3.2km at the right bank shall be arranged for permnanent traffic on the basis of using the existing roads to connect all the construction points, the total length is 5.0km. Construction access road summary is given in Table 2.3-2. The sketch maps of excavation waste yard, temporary facilities and external traffic are shown in 2.3-1. 29 Table 2.3-2 Construction access road summary Length Land occupation Excavation Grass planting Item Remarks m ha m3 ha Within Left bank 1800 1.98 648 0.27 Gravel road the site Right bank 3200 3.52 1152 0.48 Gravel road Total 5000 5.50 1800 0.75 2.3.3.2 Construction camp In accordance with the pivot arrangement features, the construction sites are located mainly at the right bank, two construction areas are arranged at the right bank and the left bank. Concrete mixing systems, sand and gravel processing systems, maintenance and processing workshops, comprehensive processing factory, warehouses and living conditions are arranged at the right bank and left bank of the dam site. According to the pivot design plan, it will occupy 9.69ha land at the left bank and 29.95ha land at the right bank, 39.64ha land in total, the main type of land to be occupied is farmland. The construction sites summary is shown in Table 2.3-3. Sketch map of the plane arrangement of the construction camp is shown in Fig. 2.3-2. Table 2.3-3 The construction sites summary LandTopsoil Hardened Iteaocid peeling Drain Excavation layer Eage Clover plass Item occupied off elimination coverage planting (ha) 104m3 m m3 104m3 10 4m3 ha ha Sand & gravel processing system 6.20 1.86 900 337.50 1.86 1.86 0.93 6.20 Concrete system 3.65 1.10 664 119.53 1.10 1.10 0.55 3.65 Comprehensive processing plant 2.60 0.78 585 105.27 0.78 0.78 0.39 2.60 Maintenance plant 1.40 0.42 0 0.00 0.42 0.42 0.21 1.40 Parking/repair lot 4.70 1.41 920 165.56 1.41 1.41 0.71 4.70 Equipment & metallic 6.35 1.91 990 178.28 1.91 1.91 0.95 6.35 structure erection yard Comprehensive warehouses 1.10 0.33 329 59.15 0.33 0.33 0.17 1.10 Water plant 1.45 0.44 414 74.43 0.44 0.44 0.22 1.45 Construction substation 1.10 0.33 329 59.15 0.33 0.33 0.17 1.10 Jetty 4.69 1.41 827 148.87 1.41 1.41 0.70 4.69 Office & living base 6.40 1.92 1451 261.12 1.92 1.92 0.96 6.40 Total 39.64 11.89 7408 1508.87 11.89 11.89 5.95 39.64 2.3.3.3 Stock yard 1). Earth stock yard 30 D!gejlleujelxepueseil!1!3ejAjejodw,gl'pjeA,ilsemUOIBABOXglodew4olelseqj -C-Zejnbd SL'65t gam 4# Ul 96,f l-k - iti I I 09 ts Is u-iff Ei'll (I a 4 f Zt'o Ilk OtLslz flk"TW L iq OUL I 011LI OK "I 41 009 ostt 00#1 mt- JT]4#* actu fooll ot Hz l(ur WIT4 OILJT HOEL 005L RR 'T vultsT HICL MZL lf-, 1wTvTwvTw- FrJ7 0019 47 lI 2.. dF3' ------~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ V -.1g , 2 Er I~~~~~~~c , FigureThe2.3-2 sketch map of the plane arrangement of the construction cam 3 2235500m clay is required for antiseepage of the earth dam of the project, the earth stock yards are distributed at the Zhuangjiachong earth material yard at the northwest slope of the Tuan Mountain at the left bank of the dam area, and the Qianying and Yujiahu yards near the dam The Zhuangjiachong earth material yard is about 8.0km away from the dam site, there is a hasty road between the said yard and the dam site, the yard area is of moderate slope in chicken claw shape in front of the mountain, with the ground elevation between 69'-'95m, belonging 2 to slope clay. The said yard has an area of 0.176kmi, an average thickness of 5m, total clay 4 3 reserve of 87.9x10 m , available clay reserve of 78.2x10 4M3, with upper part of 0-3m as silty clay and the part below 3m as clay with good anti-seepage performance. The clay particle content is normally between 47% and 52.3%. The plasticity of the earth is a little bigger, its natural water content is close to plastic water content, belonging to weak-moderate expansive soil with good anti-seepage performance. 2). Natural grit yard The section of the Han River near the dam area has abundant natural grit reserve, distributed mainly in the riverside beach. This report just studies the two grit yards within 1Okm near the dam area: Fenghuang Shoal grit yard and Longmen Shoal grit yard. They have good quality aggregates, meeting the code requirements, but the fine aggregates are a little small. The total grit reserve of the two yards is bigger than 1,600,000m 3 and the total sand reserve more than 1,250,000m3.3 (1). Fenghuang Shoal grit yard It is located at the Fenghuang Shoal nearby the dam site, about lkm away from upstream of the dam site, moderate landform, with elevations between 56-60m, belonging to low flood plain riverbed phase alluvial deposit, its surface as powdery fine sand of O-I.Om thick, below the surface is grit, the exploitation depth is 6 7m, the net gravel reserve of the yard > 70x10 4M3, net sand reserve>60x10 4 m 3 . (2). Longmen Shoal grit yard It is located at about 8km downstream of the dam site, with convenient road and water transportation, the grit and sand are distributed basically at the riverbed at level period, covered with -1)3msand, the exploitation depth is 6-7m, the net gravel reserve of the yard > 90x10 4m3 , net sand reserve>65x 104m 3. (3). Man-made aggregate yard Because natural sand has lower modulus of fineness and grit is of smaller particle size, man-made aggregate scheme has to be considered. Block stone and broken stone yards are located within 3km at the right bank of the dam site with abundant reserves. At present, there are Xiangtie stone yard and Xiangbei stone yard existing, these two yards are used originally for highway, now the highway has been completed, they can be used for the dam. The two yards have complete production equipment and can produce graded macadam, man-made fine aggregate, block stone and slabstone, which can completely meet the demands of the project. In addition, the Ma'anshan Mountain at 3km downstream of the dam is of argillaceous 31 dolomite, which can be used for bank protection. The sketch map of stock yard distribution is shown in Fig. 2.3-3. 2.3.3.4 Spoil site The spoil from the project will come mainly from permanent buildings and open diversion channel, project spoil is one of the main sources of new soil erosion, therefore, protection measures for project spoils are the emphases of this scheme. According to the landform condition of the dam area and the MODEL TEST STUDY REPORT OF THE CUIJIAYING SHIPPING AND HYDROPOWER PIVOT PROJECT, the spoil site is arranged at the high shoals of upstream and downstream of the earth dam at the left bank, no flood will flow through the high shoal at the maximum flood flow. The test result indicates that spoil will not seriously affect the upstream and downstream levels and that water flow at high shoal can be avoided flowing into sluice openings. Therefore, when the project is constructed, the spoil will be centrally stacked at high shoal, the outer flank of spoil site will be protected, a small amount of spoil will be applied to fill small gullies at both banks, the total area of the spoil site is 1,510,000m 2. The local authority has already agreed on the location of the dumping sites. 3 The total spoil of the project is 10,160,000m3 including 742000Gm from the left bank and 2740000m3 from the right bank. According to the yard layout, the spoil dumping scheme is decided as follows: The spoil will be centrally stacked at high shoals of upstream and downstream of the dam at the left bank, and a small amount of spoil will be applied to fill small gullies at both banks. 2.4 Project Investment and Construction Period 2.4.1 Project investment The total investment of the project is RMB 1,821,890,000.00 and the static investment is RMB 1,741,980,000.00 2.4.2 Construction period This project is planned to commence in 2005 and to complete in 2009 with total period of 5 years. 2.5 Engineering Analysis 2.5.1 Social environment 1. Land inundation Areas of land to be inundated by the impounding schemes are shown in Table 2.2-1. 2. Land acquisition and relocation of the dam area The summary of land acquired for the dam area of the Project is shown in Table 2.2-2, the relocation summary of residents and firms of the dam area of the project is given in Table 2.2-3. 32 ~~E3 A ~~30 >30 i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~sXf1ft65\zEs f( o/ l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ES~, V,1 >90'S: | t i3v111 tXA WsE i 3~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ < j>200 X §: l X >40Q77m31 itiE3.0 \8.0 .0 78.2s *T-118 A 0. 5-3. 0 5.0 P Lh ' 3.0 >200 f4 .O.o >400 0l 0.5 1.0 1. 5 2. 0 2. 5 (km) Figure 2>3-3 The sketch mapofstockyard distriutmn / \ Figure 2.3-3 The sketch map of stock yard distribution 3. Embankment The existing embankment of the reservoir area is not consecutive, the bank with embankment is 77km long, accounting for 74% of total bank line, the tributary Tangbai River has 20.8km long embankment, the Xiaoqing River has 16.58km long embankment, the banks without embankment of the trunk stream and tributaries are of high topography, which can meet anti-flood requirements at flood season through simple protection. As for the qualified embankment section, the raised level after the dam is built will not exceed the embankment standard, but for part of embankment section with poor soil texture, necessary protection measures shall be taken because the bank near the dam site at moderate and low water seasons are marinated for a long time, and the water surface is widened, the fetch length is increased, and the wave erosion is getting stronger. 4. Water supply and drainage facilities The Han River has abundant water resource, supplying water for the irrigation facilities and industrial and domestic water for towns at both banks perennially. To completely solve the inland inundation problem, a lot of water conservancy facilities have been built, which have effectively improved the agricultural production conditions of the hinterland. Surveys indicate that the Xiangfan city zone has five water plants at present with total water supply capacity of 450,000m3 /d, after a reservoir is built at Cuijiaying and the water level is raised, it will provide a good water-intake condition; In the aspect of drainage facilities, Xiangfan City and Xiangyang County have 34 waterlogging discharge pumping stations now and 2 flood discharge canals, 26 discharge culvert gates, and more than 30 small dike-through pipe holes, based on 62.73m impounded level, 7 large-scale pumping stations along the Han River in Xiangfan city will lose self-discharge capacity, 9 irrigation and drainage culvert gates will totally or partially lose self-discharge capacity, pump bases of 13 small irrigation pumping stations will be inundated. In addition, Yuliangzhou Qibu District Drainage System is originally designed as self-discharge type, after the project is built and the water level is raised, the existing pipe network will lose its self-discharge capacity. If it is manually pressurized to centrally drain into the wastewater treatment plant at the east of Yuliangzhou, then two new pump stations are required. After the reservoir is constructed, the level of the river section in the reservoir area will be raised at moderate and dry seasons, the water flow will slow down and the river regime will be stabilized, which is propitious to improving water supply condition, but it may cause impacts on drains. Water intakes and drains at the Xiangfan section of the Han River are shown in the Drawing No.2.5-1. 5. Impacts on the South Water Diverted to North Project The middle line of the South Water Diverted to North Project will divert water from the Danj iangkou Reservoir at the tributary of the Yangtze River-the Han River, a canal will dug along the piedmont plain of the Funiu Mountain and the Taihang Mountain for water transfer, the terminal is Beijing, which can divert about 95 X 108m3 water, for supplying water mainly to the west and central area of the Tangbaihe Plain and the Huanghuaihai Plain with a total water 33 supply area of about 15.5 X 104km2. This project is about 142km away from the upstream Danjiangkou Reservoir. 2.5.2 Ambient air The main air pollutant during construction is TSP, the main pollution links are mortar and concrete mixing, material transport and stacking, earthwork excavation and backfill etc., the above-mentioned links will cause TSP pollution impacts on the construction site under wind, the stronger wind, the more serious pollution. Site monitoring information of similar projects shows that TSP content within 70-300m scope at leeward of mixer exceeds 133.8-5.9 times of the Class II air environment quality standard 3 0.3mg/m , and is below the above-mentioned standard at 600m leeward of mixer; and that TSP content within 50-150m scope at leeward of cement and soil transport vehicles exceeds 37- 15 times of the Class II air environment quality standard 0.3mg/m 3 , and other construction links normally has TSP pollution scope of 50-200m away from the site and can meet the Class II air environment quality standard beyond the said scope. 2.5.3 Acoustic environment (1) Construction period The noise pollution sources during construction period are construction machinery, mixing machinery and construction ships, their pollution source strengths are shown in Table 2.5-1. Table 2.5-1 Noise values of construction machinery Noise type Machinery Equivalent sound grade A [dB(A)] Large ball mill 120 Agitator 75-88 Concrete breaker 105- 110 Fixed source Screener 105-110 Windlass 95'-105 Compressor 98~-105 Heavy-duty camion 88-93 Medium camion 85-91 Movable source. Light camion 82-90 Bulldozer 78-96 (2)Operation period The main noise pollution source during operation is traffic noise of navigating ships. Noises of inland river small ships are summarized in Table 2.5-2. 34 1-a, , X~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ g~~11S J) f *t4% X Scenic Spot 2 Lt;,-ij9/f . ; 1 ;af - | :, _ - ' | \,,' ,>g' ~~~~~~~NanDitch 4 . ^g- , t ~~~~~~Zhongtianaibaike / ; >S-<;, - / ; . ~~~~Medici'ne Co. c > 4. v !' -, < , ~~~~~~~~~~te location of the dam o he proJet - g t- Ii'- xw/, ; J , -'i.l'- . Xiangfan ' - Legend \ ,- water intake points ; V, au9> watcr drainage points '-' ,. Figure 2.5-1 Water intakes and drains at the Xiangfan section of Hanjiang River Table 2.5-2 Noises of inland river small ships Noise source Distance to monitoring point (m) Equivalent sound grade dB(A) 8.8kw 1 94.66 (single motor) 20 62.64 17.6kw 1 98.29 (double motors) 20 66.30 26.4kw 1 103.28 (triple motors) 20 70.52 2.5.4 Ecological environment (1) Spoil during construction period As per the project design, the excavation works are permanent building foundation, open diversion channel, stock yard etc. The materials of foundation to be excavated are mainly silty fine sand, sandy loam and riverbed grit. The main excavation and spoil of the project come from the permanent works and open diversion canal. The excavation of the permanent building foundations of the project is 330.8 X 104m3, the excavation of temporary work is 963.41 X 104m3, altogether 1,294.21 X 104m3. The backfilling quantity of the project is 197.04 X 104 m3, by using excavation quantity of 277.87X 104m3. The spoil of the project is 1,016.33 X 104m3. The excavation and spoil of the project come mainly from permanent buildings and open diversion channel. The earthwork balance is shown in Table 2.5-3. 35 Table 2.5-3 Earthwork balance sheet Excavation Subtotal Backfill Application Spoil Item Cover Rock Spoil site Usage 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m Powerhouse 38.33 23.95 62.28 2.88 2.88 59.40 Left bank Hydropower 81- station CD Shiplock & 3 Shipline 63.00 3.40 66.40 36.80 36.80 29.60 Left bank 3t connecting line 3. Water release 184.60 184.60 1.18 1.18 183.42 Left bank waterShiplock, release gate O1 gate__ . _ gate Earth dam 17.52 17.52 67.04 17.52 Left bank Total 303.45 27.35 330.80 107.90 40.86 289.94 Dam, open Open divers ion 731.75 731.75 133.83 597.92 Left bank diversion channel canal 3 Cofferdam 49.39 49.39 89.14 49.39 Left bank o Clay yard 28.49 28.49 26.29 2.19 Use on the arth dam 9: ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~______spot Sand & atone Concrete 73.78 73.78 36.89 36.89 Ditto yard aggregate Stone yard 80.00 80.00 40.00 40.00 Ditto Conete ______~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~aggregate Total 963.41 0.00 963.41 89.14 237.01 726.39 Grand total 1266.86 27.35 1294.21 197.04 277.87 1016 3 (2) Operation period Impacts of the project on water flow, scouring and bank line stability; Impacts of inundation on land resource, land organisms, aquatic lives and fish resource; Impacts of impounding on the aquatic and ecological environment of downstream of the dam site. 2.5.5 Water environment (1) Construction period Productive wastewater are sand and stone rinsed water and concreting waste water during construction, the average daily rinsed water discharge quantity is 4292.2m3 /d with SS content of 12722mg/I, the average daily concreting waste water discharge quantity is 412.5m3/d with SS content of 5068mg/l and pH value of 11.9. Productive wastewater and discharge quantity are shown in Table 2.5-4. There are 300 people per day in peak construction include restaurants and grocers around the dam. Daily average water consumption per capita of 100L/(person- d), sewage discharge quantity is calculated as per 80% of water consumption..It is calculated that the peak water consumption during construction is 30m3 /d, The peak domestic wastewater is 24m3 /d. The main pollution factors in sewage COD and BOD5 have the following concentration of 300mg/L and 200mg/L respectively, then the generation amounts of COD and BOD5 are 7.2Kg/d and4.8Kg/d. 36 Table 2.5-4 Productive wastewater and discharge quantity Item Rinsed water Concreting wastewater Total Wastewater discharge Peak value 13923.6 1213.3 15136.9 quantity (m3/d) Average value 4292.2 412.5 4704.7 Silt discharge quantity Peak value 1114 6.15 1120.2 (m3/d) Average value 343.4 2.1 345.5 Discharge content SS (mg/L) 12722 5068 Discharge content H1. ______pH - 11.9 (2) Operation period Domestic sewage from management office Domestic sewage quantity is calculated with the following formula: Qs=(K qi * V1)/1000 Where, Qs domestic sewage discharge quantity, t/d; ql rated sewage quantity per capita per day, L/person - d; VI quantity of personnel of the management office; K discharge coefficient, normally 0.6-0.9. The management office is based on 40 persons manning, daily average water consumption per capita of 150L/(person d), sewage discharge quantity is calculated as per 80% of water consumption, total domestic sewage discharge quantity is 1752t/a. The main pollution factors in sewage COD and BOD5 have the following concentration of 300mg/L and 200mg/L respectively, then the generation amounts of COD and BOD5 are 525.6kg/a and 350.4kg/a respectively. After wastewater treatment measure is taken, the generation amounts of COD and BOD5 will be 175.2kg/a and 35kg/a respectively on the basis of the discharge concentrations of COD and BOD5 as 100mg/L and 20mg/L. 2.5.6 Solid waste Solid wastes during construction include construction garbage and constructors' domestic garbage. According to the quantity of constructors, and on the basis of lkg/person.day, the solid waste generation amount during peak construction is 300kg/d. The total construction garbage generation amount during the whole construction period is about 200-300t. The total manning of the management office for this project is about 40 persons, the total domestic garbage amount during operation is about 40kg/d and 14.6t/a. 2.6 Environment Impact Identification Results According to the preliminary engineering analysis, the impacts of the project on environment are involved in several environment factors as organisms, environment geology, climate of some area, hydrological state (flow velocity, flow and silt etc.), water quality, ambient air, acoustic environment, soil, land resource, resettlement, public health, cultural landscape, 37 socioeconomy and etc. Matrix identification analysis method is applied to identify these key environment impact issues, the environment impact matrix analysis is shown in Table 2.6-1. 38 Table 2.6-1 Environment impact matrix analysis table Time Impact Natural environment Social environment factor > t- a _ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :- J ' g a ' aL0 UQ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Z Period~ ~ ~_ a _ _ arth* o O _. _ O . _ a *O 00a 0 0 0 0. Preparation Excavation______ cleaning 0 0~~~~ a 0 0 .- .= -, aT T. - construction0 0 0. c 0 0 0 * 0 * POrparation xnauvation period *O * *O _ Saintenac 0 O 0O O0 O *0 O | O Constructor a 0 O Tenrabof_OicO _ Waste slag Resetlemen Reserveopmnir_ _ _ _ Wastewater Contrutioconsructon 00 * * * _ Operation Inundation period K) 0 0 0 0 . + Reservoir level lowering b n i O l 0i * S i A Drain * 0 *0* . o o Power generation impct Resettlement & development - - - - 0 * * ~~~~~~00 * **0 0 Inundated - - - + + + + + + + Affected area ** * * * * * *0 * 0 0 * *0 * areas Construction -- - -+ + area 0 0 0 Resettlement - - - - - + -, +~ + + area o o 0 0 * 0 0 * 0 0 * * Dam + +I + + downstream * 0 0 0 0 area Reservoir +i + ± +~ + surrounding ~~~~~~00 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 area ______Notes: Blank-basically no impact, K> less impact, *-Serious impact, +-Active impact, negative impact. 39 3.0 ENVIRONMENT BASELINE SURVEY & ASSESSMENT 3.1 Natural Environment Overview 3.1.1 Climate The Han River enjoys relatively mild temperate and moist weather, belonging to East Asian monsoon district. Winter is influenced by the Eurasia cold high pressure, summer is influenced by the high pressure of subtropical jet stream of Western Pacific. The weather has obvious seasonality in provinces, so to suffer from severe cold in winter, scorching in summer. Annual average temperature in the basin ranges 15 17°C, and 22-34°C in July, with extreme temperature reaching more than 43 °C in some areas. Temperature is lowest in January, with annual average temperature at 2-4°C, and the lowest average at -2°C and the extreme at -14°C. The whole basin has 220-260 days of frost-free period on average, and there is not record of ice coverage in the whole river. Relative humidity in the basin is 70' -75 %0. As located in northern monsoon climate area of subtropical zone, the Han River, enjoys abundant precipitation in spring and summer and limited precipitation in autumn and winter. Statistics show that annual average rainfall is 700 - 1300mm. The number of days of precipitation reduces gradually to the north from the south, with annual average precipitation days at about 120 days, and the maximum daily rainfall reached 60 - 100 mm. Rainfall distribution is extremely uneven within the year, with the majority concentrated from May to October, accounting for 70 - 80% of annual precipitation. All parts of the basin may suffer from torrential rain. Daily rainfall greater than 100mm in torrential rains most often occur in July, then in September, then in August. Annual average evaporation is 900 - 1300 mms in the basin of Han River. It is greater in the lower reaches than in the upper reaches, greater in the river valley than in the mountain areas, greater in the north bank than in the southern bank. The atmospheric pressure is lower in summer than in winter. Evaporation reaches maximum in June or July and minimum in January, February. The annual average wind speed has been 1.0-3.5m / s in the basin of Han River and 1.4- 2.3m / s. 0-3.5 m/s in the upper reaches. The wind speed in winter changes not too much, approaching the average wind speed. Often the topography and monsoon remarkably influence wind direction, to have wind flowing towards the east in the upper reaches, towards the Northwest in the middle reach and northeast in the lower reach. The largest wind speed of the upper reaches is 18. 3-24.3m/s , and the extreme wind speed reaches 28 m/s in the midstream and downstream. 3.1.2 Hydrology Flowing through Xiangfan there are such major rivers as the Han River, in addition to such tributary as the Dalu River, Xiaoqinghe River, Tangbai River, and the Southern Canal, etc. The Han River reach in the district of Xiangfan lasts 26 km in total, flowing from west to east 40 through the urban district, through the Spark Pass toward northeast, then into the main city, to be divided into two waters by the Fish Shoal, with the north tributary flowing through Zhangwan converged by Tangbai River to flow south; and the South tributary winds east of Xinagyang to flow southwards to converge in the Goddess of Mercy to flow into the Yicheng southwards along the Cap Mountain and Stone Mason's hill foot. Hydrology and water level stations along the master stream of the Han River total 22, of which 6 hydrometric stations and 11 water level stations are located in Hubei Province, with relatively long observation materials, as sound basis for information of the basin hydrology characteristic in the Han River. The basic situations related to this project read as follows: The Huangjiagang Hydrometric Station: Lying 6km downstream of the dam site of the Danjiangkou Reservoir, set up by the Yangtze River Committee in August 1953. from January 1965 on the reference water section is shifted 950m to left bank, with observation up to today. The Station has a control area totaling 95217 km2 . completion of the Danjiangkou Reservoir has made the river suffer from violent erosion and at identical flow rate( annual average discharge rate at 1470 m3 / s ) the water level drops by 1. 32 m, the erosion intensity reduces during conservation storage period, to result in level drop by 0.32m by 1979 to add up to 1. 64m. Since then the riverbed erosion has already achieved basic balance. Since 1979 water level and flow achieves basic stability. The said Station makes observation concerning hydrology, flow, silt, etc. The Xiangyang Hydrometric Station: Lying 108 km downstream of the Huangjia Port, and 15.9km up the dam site of the Cuijiaying site, with a control area totaling 10326 km2 . Set up by the Committee of the Yangtze River, the Station has record from May 1929 to January, 1938; from June 1939 to December 1942; from June 1943 to December 1948; from June 1949 to this day. It has record of flow from 1933 to 1938; from 1947 to 1948; from 1950 to 1960; from 1973 to today. This Station is located in narrow sections, to suffer great change in sedimentation before and after flood seasons, with the Tangbai River to converge 9km downstream of a collection area of 26421 km 2, all of which produces obvious influence upon the water level and flow relationship, thus the data as observed is extremely unstable. The said Station makes observation concerning water level, flow, silt, etc. Huangwenzhuang Hydrometric Station: Located about 116.8km downstream of the Cuijiaying site., with a control area totaling 142056kmt. In 1932 the Hubei Province Water Conservancy Bureau once established a water level observation station in Zhongxiang, with more observation concerning flow in May, 1933 and silt content test, and the observation section moved 18 km upper stream in Sept. 1936 to Crushing Mountain (while the Huangwenzhuang Station kept observation of water level until the end of July, 1938). Observation in the Crushing Station paused twice from Aug 1938 to Jan 1947 and from Dec. 1947 to Dec 1949. observation was resumed in Jan 1950, and the observation sections was shifted 18 km downstream to Huangjiazhuang Hydrometric Station again in April of 1973, with observation made until so far. Under the general situation, the section rises due to silt and falls due to erosion and the high water produces erosion in the left bank with sedimentation in the right bank. The Yujiahu Water Level Station: situated 1.14km downstream of the Cuijiaying site, whose predecessor was the Qianjiayin Water Level Station, with observation of water level until so far. The Yicheng Water Level Station: Lying 34.8km downstream of the Cuijiaying site, set up in 41 May of 1929, with some years under no observation before liberation. There is water level to observation records to so far after liberation Water level and flow relationship at the Cuijiaying site is listed in Table 3.1-1. The monthly average flow at the site of Cuijiaying Dam is shown in Table 3.1-2. Table 3.1 -1 Water Level and Flow Relationship at the Cuijiaying Dam Site H(m) 54.5 55.0 55.5 56.0 56.5 57.0 57.5 58.0 Q(m3Is) 300 490 710 980 1320 1740 2250 2900 H(m) 58.5 59.0 59.5 60.0 60.5 61.0 61.5 62.0 Q(m3Is) 3700 4530 5650 7050 8650 10600 12900 15400 H(m) 62.5 63.0 63.5 64.0 64.5 65.0 65.5 Q(m3/s) 18200 21100 24400 27800 31300 35500 39800 Table 3.1-2 Monthly average flow at the site of Cuijiaying Dam Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3 Q(m /s) 841 795 814 972 1211 1400 2072 2006 Month 9 10 11 12 Annual average 3 Q(m /s) 1944 1647 976 837 1293 3.1.3 Sedimentation Sedimentation at the Cuijiaying site, before completion of the Danjiangkou Reservoir and the Wangfuzhou Reservoir, comes mainly from the master stream and its tributary of Nanhe River and Tangbai River. The completion of the Danjiangkou Reservoir has almost all sand intercepted within the Reservoir of Danjiangkou. According to statistics in Huangjia Station, before storage in the Danjiangkou Reservoir, during 1952-1967, annual sedimentation reached 10036 t/year, while during 1969-1990 it reaches only 1,060,000 t/year. After the reservoir storage commenced in the Danjiangkou, the middle reach of Han River riverbed is eroded seriously. Silt in the Cuijiaying comes mainly from the tributary Nan River, Tangbai River and the erosion occurs in the main stream in the section between the Wangfuzhou Shoal and the Cuijiaying site. Compared with the situation before the completion of the Danjiangkou Reservoir, the trend is that the total sedimentation has been reduced by a large margin. Statistical analysis shows that sedimentation as observed at the Huangjiachuang Station is only 20% of that before the completion of the Danjiangkou Reservoir, and the sedimentation is more and more roughened. According to Xiangyang Station, in the past 1956-1959 before the completion of the Danjiangkou Reservoir, annual suspension diameter ranged form 013 to 0. 04 mm, with average at 0.033-0. 058 mm, and the largest at 0. 4-0. 8 mm; after completion of the Danjiangkou Reservoir, during 1974-1979 , the diameter ranges from 0. 037-0.121 mm, with average at 113-0. 12 1 mm, and the largest at 0. 784-1.11 mm. The medium diameter in 1989 reached 0.023mm, with average at 0. 217 mm and the largest at 1. 45mm. 3.1.4 Geology And Earthquake 42 The said Project lies in the border between the Qilin fold system and Yangtze Quasi-platform, of two a pieces of Structure classified I. Adjacent area (30km with the site as radiuses) is located in Grade II of southern end of South Xiangyang Fault, north of Hubei Distorted belt and west end of the Suizhou-Yingshan fold. The master stream of the Han River flows to the south--west from southernward with the right main channel at 500 - 550 m in width and 1 - 4 m in depth, and the left bank at 20 to 100m in width. The valley here is asymmetric with the left bank gentle and flat, developed in terrace and overflowing beaches. Terraces of Grade I are at 64 to 68 m, (EL) and several kms in width, while right bank's terrace and hill foot are steep toward the bank. Bare strata at the dam site:: -lower-system of the he Sinian Period, mainly of moraine's sandstone , bare adjacent to the Goddess of Mercy, where the thickness is greater than 19 m; r-system of the he Sinian Period, mainly of shallow rotten slates, note-book layers of marl form and piece-like slates, with the top made of phosphorus ore bed, about 19m in thickness, with little change in thickness, bare in the right bank. There are 16 records of earthquake in the Xiangyang district from 209 to the end of the Qing Dynasty, and there are only 2-3 records adjacent to the project site, at the intensity of IV. Since 1960 there has been relatively limited seismic activity, with once 2.3. in Zhangji and 2.5 in southeast of Zhangwan. In line with the Zoning of Earthquake Intensity within the People's Republic of China (beyond 10% of probability in 50 years) as issued in 1990, the basic earthquake intensity in the Cuijiaying site is determined at VI. 3.2 Socio-economic Situation 3.2.1 Current Status Xiangfan has a history of more than 2800 years, and has been developed into the national hub of communications, a new developing industry and regional key city The territory area 326 of urban district of Xiangfan reaches 326.26km 2, with a population of 5,77 3,800 (By the end of 2002). In recent years, Xiangfan implements reforms concerning science and education with investment spurring, export-oriented economic development strategy that drives economy to harvest great achievement in economy and all respects. Its GDP reached 45.62 billion in 2002. up by about 8. 5%, among them: the primary industry contributed 10.3 5 billion Yuan, up by 2.7%; the secondary industry 20.79 billion Yuan, up by 10.4%; the tertiary industry 14.52 billion Yuan, up by 9. 7%; in the same year agricultural gross output value was 16.501 billion Yuan, up by 1. 2%; The whole city completed investment in fixed assets to total 9.678 billion Yuan, 10% in increase annually. The total amount of telecommunication service amounted to 301 million Yuan, up by 10. 66%; disposable income and net income for peasant per capita totaled 6506 and 2564 Yuan respectively, with annual rise at 7.22% and 3. 43%. 3.2.2 Regional Development Plan 43 3.2.2.1 City Scale Xiangfan city was listed as one of rising large industrial cities by the Chinese Government in 1997, having overflied twice from small city to medium city and from medium city to large city, whose urbanization level has reached 38%, preliminarily formed a four-grade-scale layout of Xiangfan city zone-County (city) seat-Central town-General township, effectively promoted the economic development and continual upgrading of urbanization level. 3.2.2.2 General city layout 1. General layout of the Xiangfan city zone (1) Xiangcheng: The administrative and scientific research center, ancient city protection zone, tour, commerce and machinery industrial district; (2) Fancheng: The economic, cultural, financial, trade and information center of the whole city, hi-tech development zone, and textile industrial district; (3) Youfanggangzutuan: one of important railway pivot and automobile industry base of Chine; (4) Yujiahuzutuan: the energy, building materials, chemical zone and port storage zone of the whole city (planned); (5) Yuliangzhou Island: Ecological tour island. The Planned General Layout of the City is shown in the attached drawing No.3.2-1. 2. General towns layout of the whole city Xiangfan town system is classified into four grades as per their scales and economic basis: grade 1 is the Xiangfan city zone, grade 2 is Zaoyang city, Laohekou city, grade 3 is Yicheng city and four seats of Xiangyang, Nanzhang, Gucheng and Baokang, grade 4 includes 22 central towns. The towns' layout of the whole city can be summarized as one core (the core zone of whole city-the Xiangfan city zone), two wings (Laohekou city and Zaoyang city), two shafts (Industrial economic shaft along the Han River, the Xiangyu Railway and the National Road No.316, economic development shaft along the Jiaoliu Railway and the National Road No.207). In the city structure, the city zone is with automobile industry as its key industry, and has formed an advanced central line of financial, information, trade and service with textile, garment, energy, chemical, building materials and hi-tech industries; the middle part of the city zone along the Handan Railway and the Xiangyu Railway has formed an industrial corridor of automobile, light industry, textile, pharmaceutical and chemical, building material etc.; four large agricultural economic zones with northern Xiangfan, Northern Zaoyang and Northern Laohekou as center, the periphery of the city zone is with energy development as its main industry to form industrialized pattern. 3.2.2.3 Brief to Municipal Infrastructure In the past five years, the number of the newly-built bridges in the whole city totals 103; modified and extended roads totaling 607 last 571.8km long. 8 kms, covering 717. 40,000 square meters. The number of newly-built delivery pipe is 470, lasting 15.9km; The number of 44 0 1 2 Km4 .,. " I 1 g ...... , | ; ls , a V!- - at x/ ft~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 .1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1f It" DFigure 32-1 The planned general layoCuijiaying Shipping and Hydropoer Pivotal Project 1~~~A =at U f _2S -L I utr- #*sh'r £1-5 ' SU"^ _* JS F N M.o7v ., , _-. * ¢* * -_ 1_ _ _ _ _-_ Figure 3.2-1 The planned general layout of Xiangfan City ( 1996-2010 ) nevly-built sewers is 752, to last 698.9 kin: The numtlber- of ne\vlv-built street lamps is 5560: The newly-built greenibelt is 58.S krm. the numLlber- of the ne\ ly-built flower bed at the intersections totals 585, and planited trees amoullt to 4.58 7 million. All munllicipal service is perfect progressively. 2 Among them: The area constructed in urbani district of Xiangfan reaches 54. 99 km . \ith urban density of population at 9100 per square kmii. There are 8 streets more than 50 meters in width in the urban district and more than 19 streets more tlhan 42 meters wvide, so per capita road area totals 8. 23 square meters. Underground water supplies are capable of supplying water of 7.85 million tons, with domestic consumption at about 300 liters per capita day; Drainage pipelines lasts 13 8,000 meters, whose density reaches. 48km/k mi2; gas utilization percentage is 82. 28%; Per capita public greenery area is 8. 01 mi, and afforesting rate of the urban area reaches 69%. 3.2.2.4 City development plan Xiangfan city is China's famous historic city and important communication pivot, by 2005, Xiangfan city urbanization level will reach 46% around. With the swift upgrading of urbanization level, the scale of the city zone will be gradually expanded. The population scale of the city zone is estimated to be 880,000 persons by 2005, 1 million persons by 2015; the land area of the city zone will be 72 km2 by 2005 and 95km2 by 2015. The industrial layout of the whole city is divided into three parts of east, middle and west macroscopically as per the zone, among which the eastern zone is characterized with foodstuff, machinery and mineral product processing; the middle zone is dominated by communication pivot, tour and regional industries; the western zone is mainly involved in local resource processing, mineral product processing and small-scale hydropower. This project has been listed into one of important construction projects of Xiangfan city. 3. 3 Introduction to Yuliangzhou Island -- Eco-Tour Island The Yuliangzhou Shoal lies in he center of Xiangfan city, Hubei Province, out of long time of alluviation. From 1938 to 1960, the Slhoal was still convex bank in curved way between Xiangfan and the Old Camp. Later hydrologic force changed it into a right branch until it becomes a shoal in the middle of the river. The topographical plane takes the folm of goose head. The left side of the Shoal is the north tributary of the Han River and at the righlit side lies the southl tributary of the Han River. Along the low, reaclhes of the Shoal lies the whole city in the rear end. The Shoal is 10.65k11m long from nortlh to southl and 5.3km in width from east to wvest, to cover an area of 31.Skm2 . The height difference between the southlern and no-tlhern part of the Shoal in elevation is 2. 4 meters. namelv the lowvest height in the south reaclhes 59. 10 mn and the peak 2 in the northl 69. 60 in at the water level ol'61. Om. the Shoal hias an area of 23.4 kiln ; WVhile at 64 m, it covers about 2020 krm-. Witlh developmient of Xiangfan and the Slhoal, traffic there is very convenient. At presenlt, the Shoal is connlected \vith the city proper by the Yulianuzlhou Bridge. In 1995. Xiangfain Municipal Commiittec anid MNlulnicipal governlmnent determiinied to develop the Slhoal and in 1996 the said Slhoal was approved officially as touLrismii developmentci- zone, orientated at ecology travelinL. Through years' development and construction, thle said Sh0oal has alreadv beguni to take shape oni the ecological travel island. Its Lilliqtue overall planniiin-, I,-, detailed control planning, caLltious and authoritative flood prevention measLures and river-bed analysis have offered scientific guaranitce for development, with suclh infrastl-rCOu--Ct coimpleted as bridge, roads, wvater supplies, powevr supply. cable TV and land level, etc. Already mor-e than 300 investors from U.S.A., Canada. Japan. Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kon,, Macao, Taiwvan have made investigation into the Shoal and made consultationi concemiing development of the Shoal. Within the development zone have been completed the construction of Longmei Amusement Center, Green Island Fisling Gardeni, card car court, Deer Chirp Park, Meiya Paradise, Silk Embroider Garden, Zhidi Garden, Monarch Villa, etc. attracted investment totals more than 1.0 billion Yuan, to have transformlled a wvild with no modern civilization into an initial modem green area, to have achieved phase accomplishment. For detail of the plan drawvinlg, see Table 39-2 3.4 Environment Function Zoning and Pollution Sources Survev 3.4.1 Environment Function Zoning The Project location is Cuijiaying, Xiangfan City, the specific environment goals of the project are that the water quality of the main wastewater receiving water body-Cuijiaying Section of the Han River will meet Class III water body standard (for function zoning, see Drawilng No.3.4-1), and that the regional ambient air will reach stably Class II function zone standard (for function zoning, see Drawing No.3.4-2) and the acoustic environment quality will reach stably Class III function zone standard (for function zoning, see Drawving No.3.4-3). Further endeavor shall be made toward the puipose of "control of pollution source and double satisfaction of standards" by reduction of pollutant emission, to have the emission in this area of main pollutants under control conceming the overall indexes; regional afforestation shall be strengthenied, to have green belt per capita reach over 10.5m2; regional environmental facilities shall be under strengthened constructioni to bring 90% of rubbish under hannless treatment; regional automatic environmental quality monitor network shall be completed to achieve nonnal management of the key pollutioli sources and online monitor, thus to perfect the regionial network of environmental inform ationi. 3.4.2 Pollution sources survey Pollution sources actuality of Xiangfan city area is shown in Table 3.4-1 and the pollution sources distribution is showII in Drawing No. 1.6-1. A ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ =/ (u) M~~/ UaO) -'''''@s -.a;.'Xr;'-, .'S,z1.' z r' ffi Soudh Cultiural AmusementAra .-.-... ;* -v,. .trFisStggeAr b 0.4kle) 1.. - 't eJg,, ., , , - , 'sv .~ p.- ~~~~~~~~~~, - >)ii & L &* .* -FirstStage Area '1 ;%L. Toimnmduda.W~ Area lk Ecolo*reI Tow;A ,-. l ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 . 'f 4' 'g' ""'-'' ;' :"' '.4- \ S ;. ., i 1' 4"..'¢.r-.^.^. f,.2ft l .. ''-/:'1 1 I~~~~~~~~~~'. ,@ - ,* -l x . '* -g;S'~~~\; * c:* ; .S]; ...,4..- i . .. 'j. Figure 3.2-2 The planned general layout of Yuliangzhou Island| LiLaohekou C ty 14~~~~~~~~~~~~I Ir- iy( ,/ County ( ayn {5J 8 ~~~~~~~~~~Xiangyang Zaoyang City t Guichcng- :ounty Cuijiaying ping ard Hydropower Pivotal P ct A 9~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Yc'cn"gcthgj C'ity r 13aokang County Y City Nanzhang County Lcgcnd * statiofsn of Ollult\ or cit) go flniments re,resmoirs ri rs of(Class III O,,,f,, rikersof(Iass 11 - bridL'es * watcr intake poinits i %atcr draiinage points Figure 3.4-1 Environment function zoning of the Xiangfan section of Hanjiang River 1 S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- :~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TP 020mei - JX 1 - Xa A g M41 t c~~~~~~~~~~~~ontrol gitfli0: .6 e n Figure.4-2Ai environmen fucto zonin XiangaCitornIN (S2005o) :N~~~~~~~~~~~~~e -1j. 1 ' ~~~~~~~~~t, /$/>'; ,_lcto fte; ftepqc >~~~~~~~~~~N, f\"se,'J,t& I ? , & Leen I r ' .+> ,cz: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~inzho Izsslazndsvl. = control sitesniang Rive FigureAcoustic3.4-3 environment function zoning of Xiangfan City~% I kg/a Table3.4-1 Pollution Source Statistics in 2002 Unit: Fuel quantity and main pollutant Sewage disposal No Unit Names Plant dischar e the situation Ammonian SO2 Fume Industrial COD ______~dust 198892 19285 I Xiangyang Vehicle Bearing Co Machinery 154976 41687 4356322 119689 2 HubeiZhongtanliPhamnacyCom Medical 219210 117970 / 13560 3 Xiangfan Dongfeng Vehicle Machinery 8507 15362 Electric Co ltd 11570 5394 4 China Aeronautics, Hongwei Machinery 29920 52520 / Branch MachinerY Plant 26216 i State Weidong Machinery Machinery 16579 9070 2703 6 State Handan Electriance Machinery 607 4156 12709 7606 7 Xiangfan Alcohol Plant Brewery 59900 20492 / 17418 1210 8 Xiangfan Jinxin Catalyst Co ltd Chemical 3072 15756 / / / 9 Xiangfan Sanlida Building Building / / / Materials Group materials 48 10 Hubei Xiangfan Sanjiu Brewery 19100 2616 / 9088 Brewery Plant I I Xiangfan Hongwei Chemical Chemical Pharmacy Co ltd Brick Plant Building 1641 1580 / / / 12 Yujiahu materials / 22668 2948 13 HubeiVehicleLightingPlant Machinery 5760 3329 14 Xangfanenstrimt&ToolPlant Machinery 652 223 148670 15 Hubei Xiangfan Power 35759400 11404110 / 562774 _____ Generation Co Ltd 3.5 Ecological Environment Baseline is shown in Table Collection table of ecological survey date carried out by this assessment 3.5-1. Table 3.5 -1 Ecological Survey Statistics Table of Assessment Area of the Project summary Survey contents Date Investigator Survey method and belt Flora in inundation June 29, 2004 You Lixin, Liu Shengxiang, quadrat area Xu Haiyang and Liu Shujun transect method reference and l Fishresource in June 29, 2004 You Lixin, Liu Shengxiang, Information survey assessment area Xu Haiyang and Liu Shujun market survey and Fish spawning yard in June 29, 2004 You Lixin, Liu Shengxiang, Onsite reference assessment area Xu Haiyang and Liu Shujun information and RS Vegetation June 29, 2004 You Lixin, Liu Shengxiang, GPS positioning distribution in Xu Haiyang and Liu Shujun satellite photograph assessment area 47 3.5.1 Regional ecological environment Xiangfan City has variant biological resources widely distributed both in the north and south of the city, belonging to eastern subtropical broad leaved evergreen forest sub-region of China's vegetation zoning, which includes northern subtropical broad leaved evergreen and deciduous mixed forest zone and central subtropical broad leaved evergreen forest northern sub-region. There are about 120 families, over 1000 genus and 3200 species of seed plants, dominated with cupule family, sweetleaf family and bamboo family. 3.5.1.1 Plant resources Xiangfan City has 81 families, 235 genus and 591 species of plants, including 362 arbors, 199 frutexes, 18 vines and 12 bamboos. It has rare and precious trees as metasequoia, gingkgo, golden larch, oliver plumyew, nanmao, fir, and wintersweet etc. Of forest resources, pines and oaks occupy over 90%, of which masson pine occupies 47% and oaks 44%. Three are main bamboos of Mao bamboo, fishscale bamboo, Gui bamboo, and arrow bamboo etc. Of wild plant resources, woody oil plants with high oil content are wild tung, wax tree and Chinese goldthread etc. growing mainly in Baokang county, Nanzhang county etc. Wild textile plants are dominated as reed and gardon asparagus, which are the feedstock of papermaking industry. As for wild faecula plants, acorn and Chinese chestnut etc. distributed in hilly area are widely applied. There are more than 600 medicine plants as gastrodia tuber, Chinese goldthread, eucommia, angelica, privet and schisandra, of which many plants have been manually planted, over 200 medicine plants are purchased all the time. There are still some wild plant resources with a greater application value as Chinese gooseberry, Chinese date, grape, konnjaku etc., Chinese gooseberry is growing in hilly area, which is used to produce different foods and drinks. Xiangfan City has 1.8638 million Mu grassland, 10.4035 million Mu sparse forest grassplot, shrub lawn, and space at slack season and mowing, including 59 pieces of grassland over lOOOOMu, 2.72 million Mu in total. There are 55 species of grasses, mostly white couch grass, cockeye grass, clover, crab grass, sedge, Korean lovegrass, dogtail grass, goose grass etc. There are many hydrophytes such as: lotus root, water chestnut, water rice, chufa, euryale seed, water lettuce, purple-backed duckweed, hyacinth, alligator alternanthera and phytoplanktons as chrysophyceae, chlorophyceae, diatom, inoflagellate, bluegreen algae and euglenophyceae. 3.5.1.2 Animal resources There are 55 main wild animals, including common wild animals as yellow stoat, hare, squirrel and boar. At present wolves, foxes, black bears, macaques, civet cats and musk-deers etc. appear and disappear occasionally in the large mountainous regions of Baokang and Nanzhang. The main common birds are of many species closely related with human activities or inhabited in rural area. The birds with a great number are crow, pied magpie, culver, thrush and cuckoo etc., quails and golden carves inhabit in large mountainous regions of Baokang and etc. Many species of migratory birds and passing migrants are found in the Nanzhang water surfaces, water birds as wild goose, duck and crane etc. live through the winter on river and lake water 48 area. surfaces in winter, which has attracted authorities' attention and been listed as protected 3.5.1.3 Aquatic life O Floating algae blue algae, The Xiangfan section of the Han River has rich aquatic life species; algae as 7 Cryptomonadales, Pyrroptata, chrysophyceae, diatom, Euglena, Chlorophyta etc. altogether blue phylum and 60 families, among which Chlorophyta has 26 families, diatom 19 families, Ifamily and algae 8 families, Pyrroptata 3 families, Euglena 2 families, chrysophyceae Cryptomonadales 1 family. (9) Zooplankton 51 There are 124 species and subspecies zooplanktons, including 37 species of protoplasts, of species of rotifers, 17 species and subspecies of cladocerans and 19 species and subspecies cladocerans copepoda. Rotifers have families of tortoise shell rotifer and branched rotifer etc., density has families of water fleas and etc., copepoda has families of Cyclops etc. The average is 1047.9ind/L, organism quantity is 0.18mg/L, floating carapace is O.2-0.9mg/L. (®) Benthic animals of Benthic animals have 20 sorts, 34 families and 35 species, including 2 sorts and 5 families 22.9%; annelid, accounting for 14.3%; 6 sorts and 8 families and 8 species of aquatic insects for and 4 8 sorts and 17 families and 18 species of mollusk for 51.4%; 4 sorts and 4 families species of crustacean for 11.4%. ( Water plants 2 sorts Altogether 18 sorts and 22 families and 34 species of water grown and hygric plants, plants, 10 and 2 families and 2 species of fern, 16 sorts and 20 families and 32 species of seed through species of marsh and hygric plants, and 24 species of hydrophytes have been found water plant survey. (@)Aquatic animals crab, snail The Xiangfan has the following fishes: giant salamander, turtle, tortoise, shrimp, and over and clam etc., giant salamander is one of the largest amphibians in the world, 2m long Baokang, 50 kg maximum as the Chinese national Class II protected animal, living in Nanzhang and Yicheng etc. 3.5.1.4 Fish resource (1) Common fishery resources and by About the fish series of the Han River, the found fish species by Yu Zhitang in 1981 in 1975 are Poluchji in 1959 and by Hubei Water Conservation and Hydropower Bureau approximately similar. at Hanjiang Fish expert Yu Zhitang put through a fish research by a research boat.in 1976-1978 gather river. It included 7 scientific research people and many workers. The method included organism water sample 1OOOml (adopt layers of 1/2 transparency) with adopt planktonic electricity), network(25#)., gathered samples through routine and supernormal(shock by determine Classify determining to sampled point planktonic organism water sample drawn, and draw the the nature to every sampled point water sample separately , quantitative analysis, and following conclusion: The research work included the fish system ,fishery situation yuan. economy fish in the middle and lower reach at Hanjiang river. It costed about one million 49 There are altogether 75 species of fishes collected in the middle reaches and lower reaches of the Han River, belonging to 56 families and 14 sorts respectively (See Table 3.5-2). Just the same with the Yangtze River, the most fishes in the middle reaches and lower reaches of the Han River are cyprinoid, 48 species in total, among which most of them are important economic fishes. Among 75 species of fishes, most of them are widespread ones such as: carp, golden carp, triangle bream, Changchun bream, herring, grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp, mandarin fish etc., all of them can be found at the river section downstream of the Danjiangkou Reservoir dam. The river section from Danjiangkou to Xiangfan is of hilly land at both banks, water clear and flow fast, there are some flow-liking species living there, such as: Varicorhinus (Scaphesthes) macrolepis (Bleeker), Sinibrama wui typus (Rendahl), Saurogobio gracilicaudatus Yao et Yang, Abbottina kiatingensis (Wu), silver xenocypris, Yichang loach, and etc., in the river section after Shayang, these species are very rare. Coilia ectenes Jordan et Seal, Coilia brachygnathus Krey. Et Pappp, Hemisalanx brachyrostralis (Fang), Culter e7ythropterus Basil and Erythroculter dabryi (Bleeker) living in the lower reaches of the Han River are distributed not beyond Xiangfan. The Han River has 3 species of Rhinogobio typus Bleeker, living in different eco-environments. Rhinogobio typus Bleeker lives in the water areas with rapid flow and grit bottom, therefore there are many fish communities in the river section from Danjiangkou to Xiangfan, while it becomes less gradually after Xiangfan and rare after Shayang. Cylinder type Rhinogobio typus Bleeker lives normally in the section with sandy riverbed, therefore there are a large amount of fish communities in the Tang River, the Bai River and the middle and lower reaches of the Han River after Xiangfan, becoming one of main caught objects. While the quantity becomes smaller in the section above Xiangfan and extremely rare in the Dan River. Rhinogobio ventralis Sauvage etc Dabry has a very limited quantity and distributed only in the lower reaches of the Han River. Before the dam construction of the Danjiangkou Reservoir, it is recorded that Yangtze Sturgeon, white soft-shelled turtle and etc. lived in the middle and lower reaches of the Han River, but they were not found during survey in 1981. At the same time, Varicorhinus (Scaphesthes) macrolepis (Bleeker), Sinibrama wui typus (Rendahl) and the fishes normally living in the brook are very rare. For some other fishes, though the environment conditions have changed after the dam construction, but it has not exceeded their adaptable limit, therefore a certain quantity of communities has been kept, even got bigger because of improved food conditions, which has become the main caught object of the middle and lower reaches of the Han River. Since over 20 years, the population density,.industrial and agricultural production and water environment of the Han River drainage area have greatly changed, communities and species of fishes have enormously changed too. And because of bigger catching intensity, the actual quantities at present are far smaller than the above-mentioned figure. 50 the Han River (Yu Table 3.5 -2 Fishes & distribution of the middle and lower reaches of Zhitang, 1981) Distribution Fish Danj iangkou Xiangfan - Shayang - Xiangfan Shayang Hankou + Coilia ectenes Jordan et Seal. + Coilia brachygnathusKrey. Et Pappp. + + Hemisalanx brachyrostralis(Fang) + + AnguillajaponicaTemm. et Schl. + + + Cyprinus carpio haematoptcrus Temm. et Schl. + + + Carassius auratus (Linnaeus) + + Varicorhinus (Scaphesthes)macrolepis (Bleeker) + Hemibarbus labeo (Pallas) + + Hemibarbus maculates Bleeker + + + + Sarcocheilichthy nigripinnis (Gunther) + + + Gnathopogon argentatus (Sauvage et Dabry) + + Pseudogobio vuillanti (Sauvage) + + Saurogobio gracilicaudatusYao et Yang + + + Saurogobio dabryi Bleeker + + + + Abbottina rivularis (Basil). + Abbottina kiatingensis (Wu) + + + Rhinogobio typus Bleeker + + Rhinogobio cylindricus Gunther + + + Rhinogobio ventralis Sauvage et Dabry + Coreius heterodon (Bleeker) + + + Coreius gzcichenoti (Sauvage et Dabry) + + Pseudorasboraparva (Temm. et Schl.) + + + Hemiculter leucisculus (Basil.) + + + + Hemiculter bleekeri Warpachowsky + + Toxabramnis swinhonis Gunther + + + Megalobramnaternzinalis (Rich.) + + + Parabramispekinensis(Basil.) + + + Culter erythropterusBasil. + + Erythrocultermongolicus (Basil.) + + + Erythroculter ilishaefornmis (Bleeker) + + Erythroculte7 dabryi (Bleeker) + + Erythroculter oxycephaloides (Krey. et Papp.) + + + Sinibrama wui typus (Rendahl) + + Pseudolaubzccasinensis Bleeker + + + Pseudolaubucaengraulis (Nichols) + + + Ctenophuryngodon idellus (Cuv. et Val.) + + (2) fish fry resources and spawning bed County and In history, Han River is always one of the fish fry producing areas, except Yun the natural Yunxi County at the upper reaches, Laohekou and Gucheng in Xiangfan have multiplication of spawning beds, which provide breed for the manual breeding are good to the of the species the fishes, what's more important, which play great roles in keeping the diversity 51 and the g,enes. The natural fishes spawning beds in Miangfan producicg floating eggs include VVangfLizhou. Cihe River- and Xiangfan; the spawvnin, beds in the truLclk streamii are mainly distributed in the river section from Xiangfani to Maliang; the branchl has Guotan in Tang River; see table 3.5-3 for details. Table 3.5-3 Distributioll of natural fishes spawning beds Distance to the upper Name Scope (kin) spawning, bed ( km ) Wangfuzhou Laohekou-Guclheng 18.0 31.5km from Danjiangkou Huiliuwan -Cihe River Cihe River 9.5 22.5 Xiangfan Niushou-Xiangfan 22.5 14.5 Yicheng Yicheng -Guanjiashan 41.5 6.3 The middle and lower reaches areas of Han River is one of the important production bases of fresh water aquiculture in China; the aquatic products accounts for 32.93% of the whole in Hubei and accotnts for 25.4% of the total water surface. The commercial fishes that can be seen frequently account for 74.5% of the total fishes in the whole year and the natural fish output in Xiangfan Section in Han River exceeded 8000t. (3) Rare fishes and migratory fishes resources According to the record about Han River in 1950s, there were Dashi sturgeon and paddlefish. while they are seldom seen in the recent years. Now there is only one kind of rare fish, namely catostomid fish, which is the second grade national protectioni animal, mainly distributed in the truck stream sections below Xiangfan and is fond of eating the benthic fauna. The migratory fishes include anguilla japonica temm and coilia ectenes Jordan et Seal, the former lives in the middle and lower reaches of Han River under Danjiangkou and the later lives in the lower reaches of Han River. 3.5.2 Ecological Environmenit in inul-ndate area 3. 5.. 1 CulTeCnt situation of resources and appration of Planktonic organism In November of 2004, the professors anid techlnologists of HUazhong Noiial Unive-rsity calTied on the field investigation to the environmental impact appraising area of the CuijiaYing camlp boat hydropower station of the Hanjialg River. The place of investigation is as follow;s: The dam site of the CuijiaYing camip boat hiydropower station, determinled b\ the globLal positioning systemr( GPS): 31 57' 26.3" N. 112' 09' 23.7" E; altitude: 34iii; NituShIoL toNvn(the retuLrnl w%ater enld of the hiydropower station of boat). detenniinled by the global positioning system( GPS): 320 05' 37.8" N, 1110 58' 37.5" E; altitude: 62m; Phoenix beach ,determined by the global positioning system( GPS): 310 54' 37.2 " N, 1120 10 ' 35.4 " E; altitude: 54m; From different position and different depth of the water body , gather water sample 1OOOml (adopt layers of 1/2 transparency) with adopt planktonic organism network(25#). After filtering in the network and changing over to the vial, it is regular to put into with the formalin immediately, then the siphon is concentrated and awaited measuring to 30ml after precipitating for 24 hours. Classify determining to above-mentioned 3 sampled point planktonic organism water sample drawn, and determine the nature to every sampled point water sample separately, quantitative analysis, draw the following conclusion: Every sampled point planktonic organism kind makes up the difference and sees tables 3.5-4-6 Table 3.5-4 A kind of some investigation lists of planktonic organism The dam site of the CdijiaYing camp boat hydropower station Sampledpoint 310 57'26.3" N, 1120 09'23.7"E Date 2004.11.28 Altitude (im) 34 Temperature (C) 15 Temperature of water(C ) PH 5 Water Bottom Silt bofd (l3ualitv Depth of 200 wrater (cm) RI %V Gentlely Ulothrix geminata sp Oscilla toria sp Spirulina sp desmus sp , inahkindkii Ankistro4 of the Bulbochaete sp . Ulothrix zoniata Oscillatoriaprtnceps Asterococcus sp spirogyra sp Dinob7yon sp Stigononme sp 53 Taible 3.5-5 A kind of some ir, e..Iii:lti,n lists of planiktonic ':.in m Niushoti town(the return wvater end of hydropower T .1 Sampled point of boat) 320 05'37.8" N, 1110 58'37.5"E Date 2004.11.28 Altitude (im) 62 Temperature (°C) 24 Temperature 16 of water(C C) PH 6 ;.,r Bottom Silt bodI, .Ji Depth of 150 water (cm) Rivers Gentlelv Spirulina sp Triplolerassp A.nkistrodesmus sp Scenedesmusjavaensis Quadricauda Uroneina wnfervicolum Mail k-inld of th Microcystis sp M marginata planktonic M acruginoa Phacus 07obicularis Grymnodinium sp Phacus osillans Cymbella sp Pinnulariasp Navicula sp 54 Table 3.5-6 A hind of some inv estigation lists of planktonic organism Plhoenix beach Sampled point 310 54'37.2" N, 1120 10'35.4"E Date 2004.11.28 Altitude (im) 54 Temperature (C) 15 Temperature 11 of water(C ) PH 5 ; .i I t r Bottomi SilIt body .ju:.li . Depth of 100 water (cm) ,ientle]v Oscillotoria.sp Navicula.sp Stauroneis Sawta Vlothrix zonata Cymbella parva Calothrix Microcytis .aiik.d Stauroneis phoeniceteron. N4ain kinld ot' ile Microchate.sp Diploneis.sp .ktn Phormidium.sp ortJariisinl Spzrulfna.sp Dactyloccopsic.sp Dielymosphenia.sp Takellaria. sp Spiroyyra.sp Dinobrvon.sp Scenedesmus.sp Nostoc.sp Chlamnydom onas.sp 3.5.2.2 Current situation of resources and appration of Benthon In November of 2004, the professors and technologists of Huazhong Normal University carried on the field investigation to the environmental impact appraising area of the CuijiaYing camp boat hydropower station of the Hanjiang River. Separately with the camp boat hydropower station dam site, Niushou town (boat hydropower station return water end) 2 draw benthon water sample, have classified appraising and draw the following conclusion: 55 Every sampled point Benthon kind makes up the difference and sees tables 3.5-7-8. Table 3.5-7 Some investigation lists of benthon kind CuijiaYing camiip boat hydropower station dani site Sam-pled point 310 57'26.3" N, 112° 09'23.7"E Date 2004.11.28 Altitude (im) 34 Temperature ( C) 15 Temperature 11 of water(C ) pH 5 ~; v .. 7lBottomn Gravel bodi .pi,i Depth of 200 water (cm) Rivers Cientlely Glossiphonia Nfain kiiind of - Tubifex sp. plankto, i, Ephemeridae Chironomidae , - C07-bicula,flWzninea 56 Table 3.5-8 some investigation lists of benthoni kind Sampledpoint Niushou town (boat hydropowver station return u-aler end) Sampledpoint 310 57'26.3" N, 1120 09' 23.7"E Date 2004.11.28 Altitude (im) 62 Temperature (C) 24 Temperature of water CC) 26 PH 6 M-,ater rSn,, ;II,- (iraveI bodv quality Depth of 150 ivater (cm) Rivers Glentlelv NMlain kinid o fIthe Glossiphonia p lai ktonic Corbicula nitens orgain in 3.5.2.3 Current situation of resources and appration of fish resource In November of 2004,about a kilometer to the upper river of CuiJiaYing dam site of camp boat hydropower station, we fished and gathered samples through routine and supemormal(shock by electricity) ,Obtained 43 fish samples in the section of xiangfan of Han river altogether ,such as Opsariichthys bidens, Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis, Gnothopogon imberbio. This fishing has 11 species, 3 familes , 2 orders in all.The number of spicies of Cyprinidae is eight,accounts for 80% of fish total amount of appraising areas. Fish's bio-diversity resource investigation indicates (see forms 3.5-9), fish resources of appraising area of CuiJiaYing camp boat hydropower station of Han River are comparatively abundant, the kind and quantity of the fish present the downward trend. 57 Table 3.5-9 Fish's bio-diversity resource investigation of CuiJiaYing camp boat hydropower station of Han River of appraising areas (1) Sampled point Pharmaceutical factory of Hubei Distance from the About I km PH 5 dam site (1km) altitude (m) 50 Thetimeofsampled 2004.11. 8: 00-10: 00 Temperature (C) 15 State of river bed Lots of stones, mild Temperature of river 11 The method of Fishnet (C ) sampled Depth of river (im) 1-5 The area of sampled 5000 X 60 2 (m ) The name of fish The number of Relative abundance Relative Density (/km fishing (%) 2 ) Opsariichthys bidens 3 0.0968 10 Hemiculfer 6 0.1935 20 leucisculus Sarcocheilichthys 1 0.0323 3.33 nigripinnis Gnothopogon 1 0.0323 3.33 imberbio Huigobio 5 0.1613 16.67 chinssuenssis Cyprinus carpio 4 0.1290 13.33 Carassiusauratus 3 0.0968 10 Squalidus argenntatus 2 0.0645 6.67 Acheilognathus 1 0.0323 3.33 barbatulus Cobifis sinensis 2 0.0645 6.67 Pelfeobagrus nifidus 2 0.0645 6.67 58 Table 3.5-9 Fish's bio-diversity resource investigation of CuiJiaYing camp boat hydropower station of Han River of appraising areas (2) Sampled point Pharmaceutical factory of Hubei Distance from the About 1 km PH 5 dam site (km) altitude (m) 50 The time of 2004. 11. 8: 00 10: sampled 00 Temperature (°C) 15 State of river bed Lots of stones, mild Temperature of 11 The method of shock by river CC) sampled electricity Depthof river (m) 1 5 The area of 5000X60 sampled (m2) The name of The number of weight (g) Relative Relative fish fishing abundance(%) Density(/ km 2 ) Hemiculfer 6 150 50 20 leucisculus Cyprinus 5 2850 41.67 16.67 carpio Carassius 1 175 8.33 3.33 auratus 3.5.3 Brief introduction to ecological environment of dam site and inundated area The main species of trees along the bank of Han River in the area to be assessed include poplar and red wood and there are 535 trees/km on average. See table 3.5-10 for details. 59 Table 3.5-10 Condition table of protection forest along the bank of Han River Start-stop Length of Total o Bank outside Bank inside River Town dike with Red Red place trees Poplur Poplur trees (kmn) wood wood Zhutiao Maqiying-Hu 5.78 150 70 80 yangjia Zhaowan-Xi Nizui anggu 12.18 4739 2786 1953 Crossing Han 1st Railway River Zhangw Bridge 6.4 10900 8400 2500 a Lianshanzha Chenpo-Wan Dongjinm z.15.8 9995 3625 2250 3850 270 gzaiqiao Oumiao Zhaozhuang- 16.1 4350 3750 600 Zhangzhou Total _ _ 56.26 30134 The scope 300m away from the inundation line are mainly the farming land, among which the agricultural land accounts for about 90%, the crops planted include rape, wheat, dwarf lilyturf, chinese yam and earthnut and so on, others are the trees including broussonetia papyrifera, elm,poplar and cunninghamia sinensis and so on scattered in thefram and turn land. The main inundation object is the largest middle bar in the reservoir area, namely Yuliangzhou, its elevation of the beach face is 63.3-68m with the total area of 26km2 and the total population of 20000. Most on the beach is the corp planted in rush in spring or autumn; the temporary planting plant devasted due to the floodplain of the flood in the flood period in summer has the area of 200hm2 , furthermore, the land is bad in soil texture and there is no complete set of water resource facilities, the planting conditions are bad, the output of the corps are very low, as a result, it belongs to non-farming land with benefit. The vegetation on Yuliangzhou is mainly poplar and couch grass and the coverage rate of the tree and grass is 26%. According to the survey, there is no natural habitat and wild animals to be protected in the dam site and inundated area. 60 3.5.4 Steted-protected species in assessment area of the project The state-proetctced species in the palce where the project area is situated is shown in Table 3.5-11. Table 3.5-11 State-protected species distribution table in the assessment report the Name Protection grade Distribution area Distance with project over chinese dove tree Level I in China Over 1500m elevation With the distance 20km Metasequoia Level I in China Planted along the bank lkm Gingko Level I in China Planted in the resident place lkm Pseudolarix kaempferi Level II in China Over 1000m elevation Over 10km cephalataxus fortunei Level II in China Over 700 m elevation Over 20km katsura tree Level II in China Over 1600m elevation Over 20km Liriodendron chinense Level II in China Over 1000m elevation Over 20km Redbud Level III in China Over 500m elevation Over 20km Gastrodia tuber Level III in China Planted, over 500m elevation 10km Chinese goldthread Level II in China Planted over 1000 m 10km elevation Eucommia Level II in China Planted over 200m elevation 5km black bears Level II in China In the forest with the Over 20km elevation over 1500m Macaque Level II in China In the forest with the Over 20km elevation over 500m Civet cat Level II in China In the forest with the Over 20km elevation over 1500m Musk deer Level II in China In the forest with the Over 20km elevation over 1500m Golden eagle Level II in China Cliff with the elevationof Over 20km 1000m area Catostomid fish Level II in China trunk stream section under In the inundation Xiangfan 3.6 Investigation & Impact Assessment of Surface Water Quality Baseline 3.6.1 Arrangement of water quality monitoring sections In line with the features of impact from the project upon environment and the rivers characteristics of the Han River and its tributaries, the scope of monitor is determined to range from the Cuijiaying site to 39.8km at the end of the backwater, including its tributaries Tangbai River, Xiaoqing River. There will be 5 sections under monitor, with a surface sampling point in each section. For detail of the layout and exact location, see Table 3.6-1. 61 Table 3.6-1 Sections & Sampling Points for Surface Water Quality Monitor No Monitor section Sampling point Remarks Master I Backwater terminal The samping method is to Reference arrange a sampling vertical section 2 100m up Cuijiaying Dam line at the main stream of Control the section and at 5m away section 100m down tail water of from the left and right Shortening Cuijiaying hydropower banks, 0.5m below water section station for sampling and analysis respectively. Tributary 47 1OOm up mouth of the Up axis, 0.2m below water Control Tangbai River section 5t 100m up mouth of the Up axis, 0.2m below water Control Xiaoqing River section 3.6.2 Monitoring items Monitoring factors: pH, SS, dissolved oxygen, BOD5, COD, permanganate index, total P, NH3-N and oils. 3.6.3 Analysis Methods Each monitoring item shall follow the methods as described in the Surface Water Quality Standard (GB3 838-2002). Details are given in Table 3.6-2. Table 3.6-2 Water quality monitoring & analysis methods No. Item Analysis method Standard i pH Glass electrode method GB6920-86 2 SS 3 Dissolved 02 lodometric method GB7489-89 4 BOD5 Dilution & inoculation method GB7488-87 5 Permanganate index GB 11892-89 6 Ammonium molybdate GBI 1893-89 Total P spectrophotometric method 7 Oils Infrared spectrophotometric method GB/T16488-1995 8 NH3-N Colorimetry GB7479-87 3.6.4 Assessment standards Class II of the Surface Water Quality Standard (GB3838-2002) is executed for Item No.1, Class III for Items Nos. 2, 3 and 5, Class IV for Item No.4. The standard values are shown in Table 3.6-3. 62 Table 3.6-3 Surface Water Quality Standard Unit: mg/L(except pH) No Item Class II Class III Class IV 1 pH 6-9 6-9 6-9 2 SS 3 Dissolved 02 6 5 3 4 BOD5 3 4 5 5 Permanganate index 4 6 10 6 Total P 0.1 0.2 0.3 7 Oils 0.05 0.05 0.5 8 NH3-N 0.5 1.0 1.5 Remarks Surface Water Quality Standard (GB3838-2002) 3.6.5 Monitoring results and assessment of surface water quality baseline The monitoring results of water quality are shown in Table 3.6-4, the monitoring results show that(Othe pH values of all the monitoring sections are consistent with the standard requirements;(g)Among the monitoring sections Nos. 1, 2 and 3 of the Han River, all the pollution factors are consistent with the standard except that NH3-N at the Section No.1 exceeds the standard slightly at level period (standard exceeding multiple of 0.08); (©) Permanganate index, BOD5, NH3-N and total P at the Section No.4-upstream of mouth of the Tangbai River exceed the standard, except total P exceeding the standard in level and lower water periods, the standard exceeding multiple of NH3-N at level period is 9.81;(!)Permanganate index, BOD5, NH3-N and total P at the Section No.5-upstream of mouth of the Xiaoqing River exceed the standard, the standard exceeding multiple of total P at low water period is 35.48. EA team thinks that the surface water quality of the Han River main stream is ok in general and that upstream of mouths of the Xiaoqing River and the Tangbai River exceed the standard because they are polluted by their coming water from upstream, the main pollution factors are permanganate index, BOD5, NH3-N and total P. 63 Table 3.6-4 Surface water quality monitoring results Unit: mg/L(except pH) No. Period pH SS 02 index BOD5 NH3-N Total P Oils Standard Reach the 02 index ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~standardor not Low 8.24 11 10.96 2.16 1.78 0.067 0.012 0.025 1 High 8.22 10 6.38 2.24 0.70 0.129 0.045 0.025 L.e.el s I2 So I S I v.540 _ HUl Class II No Standard 6-9 6 4 3 0.5 0.1 0.05 value High 8.22 15 10.95 2.10 2.67 0.140 0.040 0.025 2t4 Level 8.16 12 6.60 2.57 1.46 0.222 0.058 0.025 Low 8.18 14 8.42 1.99 1.94 0.440 0.064 0.025 Class III Yes Standard 6-9 5 4 0.05 __value /5641.0 0.2 00 Level 8.14 21 9.84 3.82 2.82 0.594 0.182 0.025 3# Low 8.12 16 6.14 2.94 1.37 0.384 0.100 0.025 High 8.14 12.6 8.10 2.74 2.03 0.665 0.116 0.025 Class III Yes S_t_alrd 6-9 5 6 4 1.0 0.2 0.05 Low h4b1 S. ,.6011 24 43 . 4.17 1.1(!8 0).I3011 4# High 8.23 84 6.60 5.20 2.0 0 l 73 _ 0.477 (I.A l Level 7A '- 11.1 1.410 1S.( I1l.0 14.72 0.96(0 1l. Class IV No Standard 6-9 / 3 10 5 1.5 0.3 0.5 value Low 8.91 202 S.Si,i 56.55 87.41 1 2.40 7 9i1 4945 5# High 7.99 59 2.6 21. I 16.40 19.5 0.91 1_ 1.490 Level 7.90 366 4.18 15. 8.38 5.48 1.024 0. 124 Class III No Standard 0.05 Standard69 / 5 6 4 1.0 0.2 value 64 3.7 Ambient Air Quality Baseline Survey and Assessment 3.7.1 Monitoring points and baseline monitoring factors The data of the routine monitoring points of Xiangfan city are applied for ambient air quality baseline assessment, and the baseline monitoring factors are NO2 , SO2 and PM10. 3.7.2 Sampling and analysis methods Sampling and analysis methods are based on the ENVIRONMENT MONITORING TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION (atmosphere), see Table 3.7-1. Table 3.7-1 Monitoring and analysis methods of ambient air quality No Item Sampling method Analysis method Code GB/Ti 5262-94 I SO2 Liquid absorption Colorimetry l___5°2___ method GB/TI 5435-95 2 NO2 Liquid absorption Chemiluminescence ______~~method 3PM,0 Continuous Optic method sampling method O 3.7.3 Assessment method and standard The assessment method is single index method, the assessment standard is Class II of the AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARD (GB3095-1996), and the standard values are given in Table 3.7-2. Table 3.7-2 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARD Assessment standard (mg/m3) No Pollutant Daily average Standard Hourly value value II of the AMBIENT AIR I SO2 0.50 0.15 Class 2 NO 0.24 0.12 QUALITY STANDARD 2 GB3095-1996 3 PM10 0.15 65 3.7.4 Monitoring results and assessment Ambient air quality monitoring results are summarized in Table 3.7-3. Table 3.7-3 Ambient air quality-monitoring results Sample Concentration Std. Maximum std. Point Item quantity (mg/m3) Exceeding exceeding multiple ______rate (%) eceigmlil Hourlyvalue 42 0.016 -0.128 0 0 SO2 Daily average 7 0.042-0.070 0 0 Xiangfan value Environment Hourly 42 0.001-0.058 0 0 Monitoring NO2 Daily Station N0 Dal average 7 0.009-0.027 0 0 value Daily PM 10 average 7 0.055-0.103 0 0 value When the above sampling methods and assessment standard are applied for assessment, the hourly values and daily average concentrations of SO2, NO2 and PMIo within the assessment region are consistent with Class II of the AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARD (GB3095-1996), the ambient air quality baseline is good. 3.8 Acoustic Environment Quality Baseline Survey and Assessment The Cuijiaying Pivot is situated at the Panggong Street Office, Xiangcheng District of Xiangfan city, the current dam site and the area around the site are farmland and barren waste. In accordance with the Tenth-Five-Year Environment Protection Plan of the Xiangfan City, Class III of the City Area Ambient Noise Standard (GB3096-93) shall be executed for the ambient noise of the region. Except small powerboat generates noise occasionally within the assessment region, there are no other industrial firms with high noise sources. 3.8.1 Monitoring point To understand the ambient noise baseline of the assessment region, a noise monitoring point is arranged at the dam site. 3.8.2 Monitoring method The INDUSTRIAL FIRM BOUNDARY NOISE MEASUREMENT METHOD (GB12349-90) is based for plant boundary noise monitoring and data processing; The CITY AREA AMBIENT NOISE MEASUREMENT METHOD (GB/T14623) is based for sensitive point noise monitoring and data processing. 3.8.3 Assessment standard 66 The noise assessment standard values are 65dB(A) for daytime and 55dB(A) for night time. 3.8.4 Monitoring result and assessment Ambient noise baseline monitoring results are given in Table 3.8-1. Table 3.8-1 Ambient noise baseline monitoring results Unit: dB(A) Day time Night time Point Location Monitored value Std. exceeding Monitored value Std. exceeding Monitored value value value Plant 50.8 0 49.6 0 boundary From the above table we can see that the monitored noise values at day time and night time within the region are consistent with the assessment standard, the ambient noise quality of the assessment region is good. 3.9 Public Health Baseline Survey and Assessment The information of the Xiangfan Epidemic Prevention Station indicates that the main local diseases which were epidemic in Xiangfan before are iodine deficiency, scald head, malaria and filariasis, Xiangfan belonged to moderate epidemic region of the above four local diseases. At present, filariasis and scald head have basically been eliminated, malaria and iodine deficiency have basically been controlled, but malaria has been epidemic in recent years in local areas of Xiangfan city (Zaoyang city, Laohekou city, Xiangyang city, Nanzhang and Yicheng). Malaria has been effectively controlled too because proper prevention and treatment measures have been taken. In 2003, high sick rates of infectious diseases of Xiangfan city are viral hepatitis, malaria, tuberculosis, bacillary dysentery, gonorrhea, epidemic hemorrhagic fever and morbilli in order and the high death rates are viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, bacillary dysentery, tetanus of newborn and encephalitis B in order. The total sick rates of Xiangfan city in 2002 and in 2003 are 204.83/105 and 264.16/105, the death rates are 1.05/105 and 0.68/105 respectively. The sick rates of infectious diseases of the whole city are lower than the national control standard--500/105 . 67 4.0 ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT 4.1 Prediction of Impacts on Water Environment 4.1.1 The analysis of water's state of affairs and impacts on mud and sand 4.1.1.1 Water's state of affairs and actuality of mud and sand Cuijiaying Navigation and Electricity Pivot lies below great The Water Conservancy of Danjiang, its pathway makes up of water from Danjiang to Cuijiaying attempered by Danjiang. The Water Conservancy of Danjiang has integrative benefits of preventing flood, irrigation, generating electricity, shipping, and provide the important source to north of China to realize the Project "Diversion Water in the South to North". The series of pathway in "the research on water can be attempered in Danjiang Reservoir" and "the preliminary design of later extending construction in Danjiang" finished by the Changjiang River Committee in 2001 adopted the ones in 1956-1998. The designed value was relatively little compared with the ones in 1933-1998. According to this, calculative water, which can be attempered and the calculation of pathway modulation, are relatively safe. In order to accord with the research result of the adjustive water in Diversion Water in the South to North, the series of the section from Danjiangkou to Cuijiaying and the pathway of Cuijiaying were based on ones in 1933- 1998. By analysis and calculation, the average runoff for many years in Cuijiaying is 420X Before the existence of Danjiang Reservoir, The annual output of sand in Nianpan mountain was 1.2 X 108t/a, its mud and sand mainly came above Danjiangkou. The sand above Dangjiangkou was blocked in the reservoir after the setup of Danjiang Reservoir, The anmual output of sand in Huangjia harbor was that of only 1% before the setup of Danjiang Reservoir, while Nianpan mountain was 0.24 X 108t/a, and its mud and sand came from the washout of the main stream below Dangjiangkou and the influx of the Tangbai River tributary and the South River tributary. The annual output of sand in Nianpan Mountain decreased sharply after the setup of Danjiangkou, and was that of only 20% before the setup of Danjiangkou. The diameter of sand widen, according to the analysis of the material of sand in Huangzhuang (Nianpan mountain) past years, the median diameter of sand was 0.012-0.020mm before 1960, the median diameter of sand was 0.016-0.047mm during the period of the flood detention (1960-1967), the median diameter of sand was 0.026-0.073mm during the period of sluice (1967' 1989). 4.1.1.2 The construction of dam impacting on water line (1) The construction of dam impacting on water line of the main stream According to the material of section in riverway, the data of the coarse rate and the condition of design, the water surface line of backwater in the area of Reservoir has been respectively calculated by calculating procedure of water surface line on the basis of all sorts of normal scheme of storage of water, compared with the differential value of natural water line, that is, The construction of Cuijiaying navigation and electricity hinge impacts on flood line, the result is showed by table 4.1 -1. We can draw a conclusion that the construction of dam impacts most on flood line near the dam, while in the section of Xiangxiang water station, the impacts is very little, about 0.06m. (2) The construction of dam impacting on water line of the Tangbai River 68 According to the material of section in riverway, the data of the coarse rate and the condition of design, the water surface line of backwater in the area of Reservoir has been respectively calculated by calculating procedure of water surface line on the basis of all sorts of normal scheme of storage of water, compared with the differential value of natural water line, that is, The construction of Cuijiaying navigation and electricity hinge impacts on flood line, the result is showed by table 4.1-2. We can draw a conclusion that the construction of dam impacts most on flood line in Zhangwan town, while in the section of Majia village water station, the impacts is very little, below 0.03m. Table 4.1-1 the variational results of the flood level in Hanjiang River's main stream around the Project The flux of evening scale (1%) in The flux of evening scale (2%) in Danjiangkou Danjiangkou No. Name of works From dam 2171 Om3/s 19600m3/s (Km) Natural Post Differential Natural Post Natural water line project value water line project water line (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) 1 Cuijiaying Dam 0.00 63.09 63.47 0.38 62.74 63.06 0.32 2 Guanyin Cabinet 3.00 63.20 63.56 0.36 62.86 63.15 0.29 3 Down the Dongjin 7.10 63.87 64.13 0.26 63.48 63.73 0.25 Bay 4 I 00m-down 12.34 64.85 64.98 0.13 64.53 64.64 0.11 Chong 50-2 5 Hunan Dock 13.79 65.45 65.53 0.08 65.18 65.24 0.06 6 Xiangyang Water 15.73 65.95 66.01 0.06 65.64 65.68 0.04 Station Xiangfan 7 steam-power 19.09 67.08 67.12 0.04 66.63 66.66 0.03 station lOOm down the 8 fourth bridge in 23.04 67.50 67.53 0.03 67.06 67.08 0.02 Hanjiang River 9 BaijiaBaywater 25.94 68.48 68.49 0.01 68.04 68.05 0.01 works 10 Above Baimiao 28.39 69.05 69.06 0.01 68.65 68.66 0.01 11 Yuanjia Sandbar 31.07 69.41 69.42 0.01 69.01 69.02 0.01 12 Niushou Town 35.29 70.00 70.01 0.01 69.59 69.60 0.01 13 Xujia Mountain 36.74 71.05 71.06 0.01 70.64 70.65 0.01 range 14 Xinji flood 39.80 71.29 71.29 0 70.90 70.90 0 discharge gate 69 Table 4.1-2 The results of the flood level in Tangbai River around the Project From Tangbai River (1%) Tangbai River (5%) No. Section's title Estuary Natural Post Differential Natural Post Natural (Km) water line project value water line project water line (in) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) 1 Zhangwan Town 0.58 64.85 64.98 0.13 63.78 64.16 0.38 2 Hongshantou 2.56 64.90 65.03 0.13 63.83 64.21 0.38 Village 3 Liuhong Bay 5.29 66.99 67.01 0.02 65.55 65.61 0.06 4 Han-Dan railway 6.87 66.94 66.96 0.02 65.79 65.84 0.05 5 Majia Village 8.66 68.87 68.88 0.01 67.01 67.04 0.03 6 Above Tangdian 10.26 69.12 69.13 0.01 67.12 67.15 0.03 7 Above Liangzui 12.21 69.91 69.91 0 67.87 67.89 0.02 8 TaowanggangVillage 14.26 70.14 70.14 0 68.17 68.19 0.02 9 Nanying 16.20 70.64 70.64 0 68.80 68.81 0.01 10 Below Dongpo 18.35 70.59 70.59 0 68.93 68.94 0.01 11 Dongpo 20.55 71.71 71.71 0 69.78 69.78 0 12 Gongzui 22.55 71.97 71.97 0 70.09 70.09 0 In a word, after Cuijiaying navigation and electricity hinge completed, the construction of dam have more impacts on flood line near the dam, within the range of 20KM, the block value of the flood level reaches to 0.04m, while that in Tangbai River's tributary reaches to 1OKm, the block value of the flood level reaches to O.Olm, have great influences on the dike of the preventing flood. 4.1.1.3 The construction of dam impacting on mud and sand (1) the annual variety of the deposit quantity of mud and sand in the reservoir The deposit quantity of reservoir was calculated according to the given 20 years from 1980 to 2000, lasting for 42 years. From the annual variety of the deposit quantity, the total amounted to 0.499 X 108m3 during 42 years, and its average reached to 1 18.9 X 10 4m3/a. The deposit was very slowly in ordinary circumstances, the most deposit happened to the end of the 39t, reaching to 118.9 X 104m3/a, compared with the volume of reservoir of normal water level (12.12 X 108m3 ) accounted for 25.47%. The reservoir got to its basic balance, the deposit of which has little proportion to the volume of reservoir. When the heavy rain happened, as washing out reservoir, the loss of the volume of the reservoir during the course of deposit could be partly resumed, decreasing to 0.499 X 108m3 in the end of 42nd year because of the reservoir washed out. Compared with the ones at the end of 39th year, the volume of the reservoir resumed by 2%, the washing out quantity accounted for 7.6% of the most deposit. From the ratio of discharging sand within the year, the deposit sand in abundant rain year could be washed out of the reservoir, while sand was deposited in the reservoir in the little rain year. 70 The washing out and deposit in reservoir could be also showed that the reservoir was gradually, slowly deposited in the middle rain year and little rain year, the mud and sand which has deposited for many years could be rushed out in one year when it met a abundant rain year. (2) the mud and sand out of the reservoir According to the table 4.1-3, we can see that the total sand out of the reservoir every year differed sharply since the operation of Cuijiaying Reservoir. The most quantity of sand out of 4 the reservoir amounted to 3988.1 X 10 4t, while the least amounted to 4.4 X I 0 t, which the most was as 906 times as the least. We analyze this phenomenon was caused by the reason that the 4 quantity of sand from main stream and Tangbai River amounted to 2447.3 X 10 t in 1983, the abundant rain year, while the quantity of sand from main stream and Tangbai River amounted to 39.4X I 04t in 1999, the little rain year, which the former was as 62.1 times as the latter. The washing out and deposit increased the contrast. The lower reaches of its 30 Km have evolutive trend of rushing the slot and silting sands after the project of Cuijiaying navigation and electricity hinge completed, the limited washing out in backward position of the Dam was under 1400 X 104 m3 , the height of the washing out in the deep pond decreased more than 1.1 6m, the most amounted to 2.23m. The washing out quantity near the dam 7Km was 603.9 X 104 m3 , the average depth was 1 .25m. The deep slot in river and the riverbed of the middle part of left bank were rushed out greatly, and the most washing out in the area was 5m deep, the average depth of washing out was about 2m, which had a limited impact on the whole river circumstances, but the phenomenon of collapsing the banks can easily take place in some local segments, so some measures should be taken to defend the collapsing banks. 4 Table 4.1-3 Statistic of Sand Quantity out of Reservoir Every Year unit: X 10 t Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sand quantity out of reservoir (10 4t) 690.0 633.2 864.4 2983.1 1231.4 50.7 19.7 383.0 Year 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Sand quantity out 254.9 766.0 287.9 352.9 24.4 78.1 27.9 38.4 of reservoir (10 4t) Year 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Sand quantity out 576.0 14.9 1031.3 4.4 1135.9 1583.7 932.8 1038.5 of reservoir (10 4t) Year 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Sand quantity out of reservoir (104 t) 3988.1 1461.3 46.8 18.5 389.8 258.0 823.6 311.5 Year 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Sand quantity out 380.8 26.5 82.3 29.8 38.4 633.7 16.2 1138.1 of reservoir (I04t) Year 41 42 Sand quatyou of reservoir (1-04t) 4 1204.8 71 4.1.1.4 Impact on flow from dam construction Cuijiaying hydro project is situated at the place, which is 142.2km below Danjiangkou large hydro project. Its runoff is composed of the release flow from Danjiangkou and the water from Danjiangkou to Cuijiaying. Before and after Danjiangkou Reservoir was built, the monthly flow distribution at the site of Cuijiaying Dam is shown in Table 4.1-4. It can be seen from Table 4.1-4 that the flow at the site of Cuijiaying Dam increases in dry season and reduces in flood season due to the dispatching orle of Danjiangkou Hydro Project. After Cuijiaying Hydro Project is built, it will not change the flow distribution at the site of the dam. Table 4.1-4 Annual runoff distribution table of Cuijiaying Dam before and after Danjiangkou Reservoir is built Before being built (1956'-1968) After being built (1969-2000) Month Amount of water ( Amount of 8 3 3 (10 m ) (%) Flow (m Is) water ( 10 8 i ) (%) Flow (n 3 /s) 8.4 1.84 324 21.8 5.41 841 2 7.8 1.71 301 20.6 5.13 795 3 16.1 3.52 621 21.1 5.25 814 4 33.7 7.34 1300 25.2 6.26 972 5 50.0 10.92 1929 31.4 7.80 1211 6 36.1 7.88 1393 36.3 9.02 1400 7 85.4 18.65 3295 53.7 13.34 2072 8 59.2 12.93 2284 52.0 12.93 2006 9 72.7 15.86 2805 50.4 12.54 1944 10 50.3 10.98 1941 42.7 10.62 1647 11 24.6 5.36 949 25.3 6.29 976 12 13.8 3.01 532 21.7 5.40 837 Total 458.1 100.0 1473 402.2 100.0 1293 4.1.1.5 Cuijiaying reservoir inflow The runoff coming in Cuijiaying Reservoir is composed of the discharge flow from Danjiangkou and the runoff from the region between Danjiangkou and Cuijiaying; also equal to the flow at Xiangyang plus the runoff from the region between Xiangyang and Cuijiaying. According to the result cacluted by Hubei water Conservancy Bureau and the Office of South-North Project, the least runoff at Xiangyang is 488m3 /s after the project South to North (95 X 108m3). There are Tangbai river and Xiaoqing river between Xiangyang and Cuijiaying, 72 the least runoff from the two rivers is 80m 3/s, so the Cuijiaying reservoir inflow is bigger than 490m3 /s. It can be seen that this project can be highly guaranteed by the water source from Han River. Cuijiaying reservoir inflow is shown in table 4. 1-5. Table 4. 1-5 Cuijiayingreservoirinflow (after South to North) month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Aver age. Runoff at 495 488 492 492 858 1216 1400 1018 1428 685 510 495 798 Xiangyang runoff from the 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 two rivers Total 575 568 572 572 938 1296 1480 1098 1508 765 590 575 878 4.1.1.6 The requirement of and the least flow of Cuijiaying Reservoir The preventing flood safety level of the hinge project is that Cuijiaying navigation and electricity hinge, preliminary project in Danjiangkou Reservoir, was designed for 50 years' preventing flood safety, its water level was 64.16m, for 300 years' check, its water level was 65.11m. The late project in Danjiangkou Reservoir carried into execution, it will cut down flood in the backward position. Cuijiaying navigation and electricity hinge was designed for 100 years' preventing flood safety, its water level was 63.47m, for 500 years' check, its water level was 64.58m. Danjiangkou Reservoir's dam will be heightened soon, its flood level is designed according to the result of controlling flood of the late project. The designed water level for navigation is that the tiptop wvater level for navigation in upstream is 63.23m, while the backward position is 62.46m; the minimum water level for navigation in upstream is 59.23m, while the backward position is 54.23m. Generating electricity and navigating have a certain demand for water. It's necessary to keep a certain runoff on the basis of the condition of sea-route in order to keep the essential width and depth for navigation. When the fundamental runoff for navigation is designed, we adopt the comparative method to make out the least runoff for navigation, that is, according to the condition of drawing water (5 X 108m3 ) in the preliminary Project, the controlling runoff is designed to keep the lowest water level for navigation. Taking the rank and condition of navigation after its harnessed, at present the reach from Xiangfan to Huangzhuang has amounted to 6th degree, to guarantee 95-98% of the ships can go through, according runoff is about 480-460m3 /s. The lowest runoff of discharge in Cuijiaying Reservoir is 490 m 3/s in order to improve its works. 4.1.5.7 Impact on regional water resources from water resources utilization for project 73 construction Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivotal Project will be built at the truck stream of Han River. Han River Valley is in the hinterland of central China and is the largest branch in the middle reaches of Changjiang River. The amount of water is abundant and it will not freeze all the year around; the dispatching space is large and it has the advantageous conditions to develop water carriage and comprehensively utilizing water resources. It is calculated that the incoming flow over Cuijiaying reservoir: after South-North Water Transfer project P=85%, the design runoff isI6.1 billion mi3 , namely the annual average flow is 51 1m3/s. The design power discharge is 447m3/s, the shipping regulation flow is 470m3 /s. Cuijiaying Pivot belongs to low head canalized project combining shipping and power generation and it is riverbed stream flow plant; in flood season, it will be open to discharge the flood and raise the water level in the non-flood season for shipping and power generation. The incoming flow in controlled within the former riverbed. The regulated reservoir capacity in the three scheme is only 0.25-0.39. x 109 m3 and it can only be regulated per day. It belongs to riverbed reservoir; the degree to redistribute the time interval of the water resources is not large, as a result, the impact on the regional water resources is very small and there is no impact on the shipping at the lower reaches and the ecologic water. 4.1.2 The prediction of influence on water temperature It is predicted by confirming the structure of the water temperature in the reservoir according to the ratio (a) of annual water quantity to the volume of the reservoir inside and outside the country: Average water inflow 487 a = ------=------200 Reservoir capacity 2.42 a is far greater than 30, therefore Cuijiaying Reservoir's water temperature belongs to mixed type. The average depth in reservoir area is about 6m, and the water exchanges very frequently, so the phenomenon of water temperature layer can't happen, water temperature in reservoir mainly relates to water temperature from the water of the upper reaches and air temperature, which doesn't have bad impacts on industry and agriculture, water for living, the survival of living things in water. 4.1.3 The prediction of impacts on water quality in the reservoir area 4.1.3.1 The status quo of water quality in reaches before the construction of project 74 The point source which the reservoir discharges directly Hanjiang River lies in Xiangfan downtown area, while the industry in boom, densely populated, more discharging waste water, there are 10 pollution discharge spot within reaches in Xiangfan downtown area. The total sewage is 6953.3 X 104t, all sewage belongs to mixed type, and sewage in any other pollution discharge spot accords with standard except Nanqu and Hubei Pharmacy. The total contamination is about 1.77 X 104t, including chemically aerobic quantity 11700t or so, biochemical aerobics 4440t , suspension 922t or so, ammonia and nitrogen 557t or so, total phosphor 83t or so, the five contamination account for 99.7% of the total, main beyond standard items. The waste water from pollution discharge spot forms visible contaminated straps which are not obvious in the strobe, others are very clear (300-800m long, the widest 30m). The waster water into Hanjiang River is dark yellow. There are two pollution discharge spots (Daligou, Nitrogenous Fertilizer Factory on Daying Eastern Road) in the tributary, Xiaoqinghe estuary. The total discharging waste water is about 5600 X 104t, which matches that in 10 pollution sources from downtown area, Daligou is the biggest containing pollution one, and it accounts for 85% of the total pollution of Xiaoqinghe. The estuary segment in tributary, Tangbai River accepts part of waste water from industry and life sewage in Xiangyang County, about 500 X I 04t every year. Taking the total containing pollution capacity from Cuijiaying Hinge to Dangjiangkou reaches into account, this reach's ratio of pollution to runoff quantity(pollution /runoff quantity) is 1. 130, the ratio of dilution to blend[total water pollution/( runoff quantity+ total water pollution) is 0.77%; the polluted load(the total discharging pollution/ runoff quantity)COD & BOD5 3 3 respectively is 0.5g * m- ,0.23g _ mn , which reflects that the total containing pollution capacity in this reaches is bigger, heavier as its pollution load is, the capacity of its diluted and cleaned streams is bigger. 4.1.3.2 The prediction of construction of project impacting on water quality in the river section (1) The period of construction The waste water during the construction is that of washing the materials of sand - stone and of pouring the concretes, the average waste water discharge of washing the materials of sand - stone is 4292.2m 3/d, the concentration of suspension discharging is 12722mg/L; the average waste water discharge of pouring the concretes is 412.5m3 /d, the concentration of suspension is 5068mg/L, pH 11.9 There are 300 people per day in peak construction include restaurants and grocers around the dam. Daily average water consumption per capita of 1OOL/(person- d), sewage discharge quantity is calculated as per 80% of water consumption..It is calculated that the peak water 3 consumption during construction is 30m3/d, The peak domestic wastewater is 24m /d. The main pollution factors in sewage COD and BOD5 have the following concentration of 300mg/L and 200mg/L respectively, then the generation amounts of COD and BOD5 are 7.2Kg/d and4.8Kg/d. The disposed waste water from daily life has little impact on Hanjiang River, the sediment-flushed waste water in sand-stone system during the period of construction contains high concentration SS, It would increase the concentration SS of water within backward position 1000m during the periods of middle water and low water without disposal. So 75 depositing pool is planned to deal with the polluted water (SS shall reach up to 70mg/l after disposal) of which has little impacts on water environment. (2) Operating stage The navigating and generating electricity of the Project hardly has impacts on water quality, and its polluted source mainly comes from water for daily life after the accomplishment, which has small portion in winter compared with Hanjiang River's runoff. If waste water from factory and daily life is disposed to accord with standard, running into Hanjiang River, it will impact on water quality of Hanjiang River within limited range of discharging spot, and can't change the degree of water quality in Hanjiang River. High attention must be paid to the issue of eutrophication in the reservoir region and backward position after accomplishment of the Pivot in water quality. The reach from Hanjiang River's backward position to Shayang, about 300Km had taken place 4 times water bloom. It is diatom water bloom, small type of diatom, etc in 1990s(2,1992, 3,1998, 2,2000, 2,2003). The water bloom has direct something to do with remarkable improvement of concentration of nutritional material such as ammonia and nitrogen, phosphor in Hanjiang River recent years. The zone in Middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River is developed, densely populated, industry and agriculture in boom, therefore there are much waste water to discharge, a lot of immense polluted sources. The water bloom is likely to happen because of increasing nitrogen, phosphor as well as suitable heat and light. Although the water bloom didn't occur, more attention should be paid to it: (1) the issue of eutrophication after its accomplishment, the water quality in local area, specially near the discharging pollution spot will become worse, the reason is that the water level will heighten, the water will deepen, the speed will be slow so that the capacity of transference of the stream can decrease, the polluted strap can shorten and widen, polluted range can enlarge, the concentration of contamination near discharging pollution spot can increase, which leads to some contamination to be detained or reversed in some local dead water and circumfluence near the bank. It leads to the pollation issue of eutrophication. (2) Taking its impacts on the backward position into account, the profit of the project should be taken account as well as distributing and controlling water resources as a whole and it should contribute to decrease the water bloom. The drainage gate of hydropower station sets up reasonably because it lies below the dam ,the hydropower station has hardly impacts on the water quality so that it can't bring about environmental pollution. The waste water from daily life is so little that it can't impact on the water environment, there are no other discharging sewage gates, so the drainage gate of the waste water from daily life sets up reasonably. According to Xiangfan's city developing program, discharging water is permitted like this: the rainwater runs into the nearest water in a rain day, waste water merges together and then discharges in a fine day. The sewage treatment plant will have been finished in 2005, the pretreatment of collected sewage runs into Hanjiang River, the secondary treatment will be implemented in 2010, according with standard completely and then discharged into Hanjiang River. The capacity of self-purified will decrease after the accomplishment of the Cuijiaying Dam. It is suggested that the total sewage from daily life in city and industry should be collected and disposed in accord with standard, and then discharged into Hanjiang River. 76 The water quality density and the pollutant discharge amount before and after secondary treatment of comprehensive water quality of urban sewage in Xiangfan City are shown in Table 4.1-5. Table 4.1-5 Water quality table before and after secondary treatment of comprehensive water quality of urban sewage in Xiangfan City Class COD BOD5 SS NH3 -N Total P Density before treatment (mg/i) 250.6 156.8 208 17.3 2.75 Density after treatment (mg/1) 100 20 70 15 0.5 Discharge amount before treatment 11700 4440 922 558 83 (t/a) Discharge amount after treatment 4669 566 310 484 15 (t/a) It can be seen from Table 4.1-5 that after the urban sewage treatmeplt plant is built, the total amount of the pollutants will greatly reduce, especially the pollutants, namely NH3-N and total P producing the "water bloom" phenomena will reduce accordingly. Even if water level in the reservoir will rise and the depth of the water is enlarged and the flow speed slows down and the transportation capacity of the flow will be weakened after the dam is built, it is not very possible to produce the water bloom phenomena; together with the reservoir as the daily-regulation reservoir, the water bloom phenomena can be avoided. 4.1.4 The analysis of water balance and the course of using water in construction program 4.1.4.1 The process of using water Water for navigation doesn't consume water, its using course is that when the ships sail from the backward position to the head waters, the gate will be opened, and then the ships sail into gate room, close the gate in backward position, let water enter into gate room. When the water level from the head waters and backward position is at the same height, the gate in the head waters is opened so that the ships can sail to the head waters; when the ships sail from the head waters to the backward position, by the opposite way, let out the water in the gate room. When the water level in the gate room and backward position is at the same height, the ships sail into the backward position. Water for generating electricity in hydropower station, its using water course is that water from the reservoir in the head waters is diverted into water turbine by drawing water pipe, which drives the water turbine to operate so the generators begin to work. The used water runs into the backward position through downstream tail water canal. The higher the waterhead is, the stronger the runoff is, the stronger the output power of the water turbine is. The range of 77 waterhead of Cuijiaying hydropower station is 0.6-8.5m, it makes use of bulb through flow power generator. 4.1.4.2 The analysis of water balance The water balance equation of the Cuijiaying Navigation and Electricity Pivot is: W 70 - W - Wtt= W + W + Wat. f 7T - the annual average runoff into reservoir W317~- - using water in reservoir area including the industry, life and agriculture, etc WVIt- the annual average loss of water owing to evaporation and leakage WRIt - the annual average water for waterpower WA* -the_ average water of discarding including that water does not run into the hydropower station but into spillway, water release gate and discharging sand hole in the flood season and anti-flood season WA'L- other water not running into the water turbine including discharging water through navigation lock, the path for road, etc w.t + WiA + wt__ water for production, life and ecological balance in backward during the course of discharging It is well Inown that navigation doesn't consume any water, but it need to keep a certain flux according to the condition of sea-route in order to maintain necessary depth and width. When the basic flux for the navigation is designed, the comparison method is adopted to make out the least runoff to guarantee to ship, that is, the preventing flux is designed correspondingly the one of guaranteeing to ship on condition that Danjiangkou Reservoir draw 15 X 10 m3 water in the first stage. Taking the rank and condition of navigation after its harnessed, at present the reach from Xiangfan to Huangzhuang has amounted to 6th degree, to guarantee 95-98% of the ships can go through, according runoff is about 480-460m3 /s. The lowest runoff of discharge in Cuijiaying Reservoir is 490 m3/s in order to improve its works. The discharge water in the project can content water for production, life and ecological balance in backward during the course of discharging. 4.1.5 The analysis of impacts on ships' oil pollution Ships' oil pollution comes mainly from oil polluted water at the bottom of ships, its contamination is mainly petroleum. According to analysis of analogy, when the sewage from ships' oil pollution is disposed to accord with standard, the concentration of oil contamination in the reservoir all fit with the second stage (0.05mg/L) of standardof environmnental quality of the earth's surface water (GB3838-2002), while waste water without being disposed, the 78 concentration of oil contamination in the reservoir all can't fit with the second stage(0.05mg/L) of standardof environmental quality of the earth k surface water (GB3838-2002), the strongest concentration of oil contamination beyond the standard is about 50 times as strong as the second stage (0.05mg/L). 4.2 The Prediction of Impacts on Ecological Environment 4.2.1 The analysis of impacts on ecological environment in land 4.2. 1.1 The prediction of impacts on agricultural environment (1) The analysis of impacts on farm environment With the construction of Cuijiaying Navigation Pivot, its submersed ranges involve in Hanj iang River's main stream and two tributaries (Tangbai River, Xiaoqing River). All land is flood land, which is drown in the period of flood, cultured in the period of non-flood. The Project will decrease the quantity of local farm, make agricultural environment into water environment changing original function. (2) The analysis of impacts on fishery The construction of the Pivot will expropriate 8.9 mu fishponds. A certain quantity of fishponds will be increased to develop the local economy after the accomplishment of the Pivot, furthermore, fish culture in net pen can be developed near river bend in the reservoir, therefore, the fishery industry will get further development, the main categories of fish are economic fish such as carp, grass carp, chub and crucian. 4.2.1.2 Analysis of Impacts on Vegetation and Plant Resources (1) The direct impacts on vegetation and plant resources The direct impacts on vegetation and plant resources of the project refer to the destructive damages that are done to the vegetation and plant resources in the inundated and construction area due to the construction of the project. According to the Project Feasibility Study Report, construction of the project will raise the normal water level to 63.23m. Among the inundated plants, most of them are common or widespread ones around the reservoir, these species live around the villages, river bank or roadside, no national protected animals or precious and rare plants are found. According to investigation, the direct impacts of the project on plant resources of the inundated area will be less, mainly of the vegetation types lower than the submerged line on both banks of the river, such as grass and Vitex negundo bush woods. Due to the less quantity of inundation, the species diversities of the places around the reservoir will not be greatly influenced. 79 Land inundation shall be inevitable or even irreversible during project construction. However, as for the inundated species and vegetation types, they can be recovered. This is because that there are still great number of distribution of such types in the upper reaches and neighboring districts. With the impounding of the reservoir, new humid environment will be formed. Those vegetation that adapt to the growing environment in river banks will settle and develop, hence form new group. Such has been proved in the completed project in earlier stages. (2) The indirect impacts on vegetation and plant resources The indirect impacts on vegetation and plant resources of Reservoir Area refer to the possible influences arising from project construction done to the vegetation and plant resources, including new road construction, powerline erection, migration, new house construction, pioneering of new farming area and addition requirement of timbre and fuelwoods etc. Such impacts normally have dual features, i.e. both of advantageous merits and disadvantageous sides, which will have permanent, long-range and profound influences on the vegetation, plant resources and ecological environment of the reservoir district. Viewing from the completed project, after reservoir impounding that causes farmland inundation and migratio,n, the demands for productive and living materials will increase, such as building construction, road construction, farmland reclamation, fuels, tools etc. With the decrease of farmland, the proportional population on land will relatively increase, which makes it possible to enlarge the sown area of economic crops to the forest or wasteland. Enlargement of farmland will decrease the forest covering rate around the reservoir, which will possibly worsen soil erosion. Such must be attached great importance to. Local government shall also enhance the works of tree planting and attend to the protection of forest ecological environment. The existence and development of vegetation and plants are restricted by the factors of climate and soil. After completion of the Project, water level and the water area increase. Due to big heat absorption capacity of water, heat absorption is relatively slower, so are the increase and decrease of temperature. This will adjust the atmosphere temperature, which results in less difference in daily and annual temperature, higher temperature in winter and lower temperature in summer. In addition, water evaporation will increase the air humidity. Therefore, the enlargement of water area will alter the ecological environment, especially the local climate, thus will influence the growing of vegetation and plants. Viewing from the existing climate conditions, spring drought and autumn drought are considerably serious. After reservoir completion, the humidity changes will be good for the plant growing and the recovery and development of the plant ecologic system. However, such small-range changes are limited and will not bring about ultimate turnover to the climate of the reservoir district. Main vegetation and plant resources around the reservoir will not undergo radical changes. According to the RAP of the project, when the normal impounding level is 63.23m, the range of inundation will cover three townships of Panggong Street Office, Dongjin and Xiangyang District. No houses will be inundated. Main measures for the inundated land and houses are local relocation. Due to local relocation of migration, cultivation of new homestead land and 80 new farmland will have certain impacts on the vegetation and plant resources of district. Such shall be attended to. 4.2.1.3 Analysis of the Project Impacts on Animals of the Reservoir Area Animals in this group are wader of water birds, passerine birds in grassland, beasts looking for food, snakes and lizards. Normally seen beasts are weasels and ferret-badgers. There are a lot of wader animals of the reservoir area. Among the affected animals, wader animals that move about river beach and shallow water area are influenced seriously. The inundations of sandbank and river-beach are permanent and nonreversible. The newly-formed banks are mostly steep without forming shallow water area. Such cannot substitute the previous beach and shallow water area in the river valley, which means that the wader animals have lost their habitats and have to move to other places. 4.2.2 Primary analysis of aquatic bioecology effect caused by water conservancy pivot bureau Because the Danjiangkou Reservoir has been set up in the upper reaches, so the pivot of water conservancy in Xiangfan has influenced the rivers below the Danjiangkou of Han River a lot. After the pivot of water conservancy being set up, the original natural condition of the sector of Han River in Xiangfan will changes, which will influence the aquatic living things including fishes in various aspects. The result is the original ecological balance has been changed, but the new one also set up through the adjustment and adoption of fishes and other aquatic living things. The ecological effect of fishes in the lower reaches of Han River that caused by the pivot of water conservancy includes as follows: 1. Separation influence of the big dam The middle reaches of Changjiang River and Han River have catostomid fish, which is the second grade national protection animal. After Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivot is built, the reproductive population of catostomid fish at the upper reaches will decrease due to lacking of supplementation of the parent fish at the upper reaches; catostomid fish is distributed in Yangtse River and it's branch widely. Which has a big amount.It will not cause extinction after the dam is built. the amount of the water will reduce after the dam is built, as will further worsen the hydrographic conditions such as flow, water level and speed ,the habitats for the fishery and the breeds of the natural fishery will reduce further, it will certainly cause the groups of the economic fishery such as eels, coilia ectenes Jordan et Seal as well as the rare fishery such as catostomid fish and write sturgeon to drop down continuously. However, as to the economic fishery, such as black carp, grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp, Elopichthys bambusa, elongate ochetobius, Erythroculter ilishaeformis, Erythroculter mongolicus, Erythroculter 81 oxycephaloides, parabramis pekinensis, Megalobrama terminalis and so on which are widely distributed, in common sense, have the habit of migrating in river and lake; after the dam and the gates to the rivers and lakes at the lower reaches of Han River are built, the migration will be baffled, which forces them to live in the floating environment under the dam such as riverbed and the bends of the rivers; as a result, they will adapt the changed environment gradually. After the dam is built, the measures to open the gate so as to admit the fish fry just to ensure the reproduction of the migrating fishery and the supplementation of the natural breeds in time, in this way, the development of the breeding group will have stable ecologic foundation. The baby fish can be cultivated in the hatchery and then placed in the natural water area, which is a method to increase fishery resources. This method is used to increase the resources of the migrating fishes. 2. Corresponding changes with the composing of main commercial fishes There are more than 30 kinds of commercial fishes in the middle and lower reaches of Han River. Because the changes of the hydrological condition is good for the mass breeding of aquatic plants with raw silk type and freshwater shell vegetables below the dam, and the unceasing breeding of fish race that eats these kind of food after the establishment of the big dam. In addition, though the number of planktons below the dam has increased a little, when comparing with that in lakes and reservoirs it is very small. Therefore, there is only a few fishes that eats the planktons. 3. The impacts on fish's breeding The economic fish in Middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River produce mostly drifting eggs, which includes the fish producing a little sticky eggs in mobilizing water, its output account for about 80% of the total. The breeding habits of these kinds of fishes are similar and they usually lay eggs in the same spawning bed. The spawning bed for artificial feeding fishes has a certain topographic feathers. In May-Aug every year, when the water temperature exceeds 180C, the artificial feeding fish will produce the fry in the spawning bed, the scale of laying eggs has something to do with the increase of the flow and the time of the flood. When the flood is coming, the quantity of the egg is large while the flood is small, the one is small or they will not produce the egg. So the Dam has remarkable impacts on fish's breeding. Mainly including that the spawning places in the head water are unfit for laying eggs because water flow becomes slow after the construction of the Reservoir above the Dam, while others are getting bigger and bigger, at the same time, a batch of new spawning places will come into being. However, some large scale spawning places in the head 82 water lie near the Reservoir, the fish eggs run into earlier the still water area in the Reservoir because of the short flow path, the normal growth of many fish eggs will be affected. According to the present situation, for the influence of the development of stairstep it is difficult to form new spawning places on the pivot of water conservancy in Xiangfan. In view of the present situation, due to the influences from the development in stairs, it is difficult to form a new spawning bed in the hydro project in Xiangfan. It is necessary to build fishery reproduction protection base at Han River, take measures to introduce, reproduce, cultivate and weif the economic fishes in Han River so as to raise the reproduction quantity of the artificial feeding fishes. At the same time, the administrative measures shall be adopted to strengthen the protection of the reproduction of the fishery resources at Han River; the Fishery administration station at Han River shall be established to specially take charge of the reproduction of the fishery resources at Han River; furthermore, according to the uniform arrangement of Ministry of Agriculture and provincial government, the fishing prohibition period system shall be carried out from Apr. I to June 30 when the fishes reproduce the fry. At the same time, breeding fisher with fencing and cage to promote the comprehensive development of the fishery industry at Han River. As to the fish that breed viscous ovum, water level of the river sector under the dam has no significant fluctuating in the breeding season after the establishment of the big dam. So, the flood area on both banks decreased a lot and the adhering basic substances that supply to the fish ovum correspondingly decreased. However, the comparatively stable breeding area that still exists is good for the normal growth of the fish that breed adhering ovun. 4. External examination and verification The inventory survey of the fish resources in the assessment area was carried out by the group led by the reseacher from Aquatic Institute of Life Sciences College. The survey method is correct, the sources of the data are reliable, the analysis is reasonable and the conclusion is reliable. In the survey, the survey information about the fish in the past surveys is fully referred, combining with the detailed surroundings, the analysis is made and the kinds and the distribution situation of the fish in the assessment area of the project at the middle and lower reaches of Han Rover are scientifically demonstrated. It is shown by the results that there are 75 kinds of fishes distributed in this area, most of which is widely distributed and can be seen in the river section unde Danjiangkou Reservoir. The fish spawning area of the assessment area is analyzed in the historic viewpoint; the transition of the migrating fish is analyzed from the 83 aspects such as the buildin,g of Danjianlgkou Dam, the strengthenilng of fishinlg, and mlor-e serious water environmiiienit of the river section and so on1, all of w*hich provide necessar-ily essential information for the construction of the project, wlhiclh vill be helpful to put forward the measures aiming at strengthening the protection of the fish resources in the construction period and the operation period. After the dam of Danjiangkou Reservoir was built, the migrating fish such as Chinese sturgeon, Black fish, white turtle and other fish which was recorded in the history, had not been founded in the survey in 1981. Eel is the migrating one, namely migrating from the sea to the river, with the food habit of fingerling, crab, shrimp, crustacean, aquatic insect, animal carcass abd the crumblings of the advanced animals, with strong living ability. According to the rules of the migration of the fish, since the objective of the activities are different, they can be divided into migration for reproduction, for food and for living through the winter. After the dam of Danjiangkou Reservoir was built, the hydrology under the dam mnet with great changes, the flow is reduced, the flow speed slows down, some spawning areas will disappear successively, as influence the megration for reproduction of the fish. The changes in kinds and quantities of the plankton will affect the food search of the fish; the change in the water temperature under the dam will affect the migration for living through the winter of the fish. The discharge amount of the production and domestic sewvage from both banks increases day by day, great changes take place in the living suiToundings of the fish, all of the factors have great influences on the migration of the fish; other migrating fishiwill cancel the fonner migration route due to the changes in the su-roundings. 4.3 Prediction of Environment Air Influence 4.3.1 Evaluation to prediction of environmiiienit air influence in the constrLctioni period 4.3 . 1.1 Allocation characteristics of the main pollution source in construction area The first term engineering of Cuijiaying space electricity pivot, which is close to the right bank of the dam axis, is ship lock, power station, sluice gate and other main engineering. The engineering amoun1t is as large as 80% of the total one. For the sake of easy to satisfy the demand of construction, the constrLIctioll site are mainly arranged in the right bank; the second term engineering close to the left bank of the dam axis is earth dam and work place of some sluice gate. (1) The concrete blending system The right bank site supply the concr-ete pourilln to the factory buildinigs of powNer station. ship lock and sluice gate of 28 apertures. and the highest mon0thly pOur-in1g strellnth is 5.3 X 104'r. In order to satisfy the demandcl of- differenit species concrete production, inside the site two blending building with 3x 1.0 type and 2>1 0 type respectively vvwere established. The concr-ete 4 blendilg systemll Covers .45 X 10 mii-. The left bank site was established a concr-ete predictioni factory and a blending building with 2x 1.0 type, the concrete blending system covers 0.35 X 10 m2 (2) The processing system of grit stone materials The engineering amount of pivotal building concrete is 62.78 X 104m3 ,and the concrete needs bone materials of all levels amounting to74.4 X 104m 3 . The Phoenix Beach was primarily selected as the main resource of grit stone materials. Because the natural grit materials lacks rough stone materials that is more than 40mm,the crushed stone has to be processed to increase the rough bone materials. The processing system is mainly located in the right bank and covers7.3 X 104 m2 , the left bank is only established the pile of grit stone materials which covers7.3 X 104m2. (3) The field of abandoned dregs The total abandoned dregs of this engineering is 916.18 X 104 m3 , among them the left bank is 642X 104m3 and the right bank is 642 X 104m 3 . According to the site arranging program, the plan of abandoned dregs settles: the fields of abandoned dregs are mainly arranged the earth dam of the left bank and the high beach in the lower reaches, small amount of abandoned dregs are used on filling up the small ditches on both banks. The engineering is ranged on both banks, on which there are concrete blending buildings. On the work place there are working road, production area and living areas, these two areas is about l 00m away from each other. 4.3.1.2 The impacts of dam construction on ambient air Air pollution sources during the dam construction are mainly dust emission from earthwork, stonework, loading and unloading, concrete mixing and vehicle running, as well the harmful substances of CO, NO2 , hydrocarbon compound etc. emitted by construction vehicles. Air pollutants in the construction site are mostly dust and the waste gas discharged by construction equipment. Dusts are normally caused by vehicle running and concrete mixing, of which, the contents are related to the traffic flow of construction equipment, speed, weather condition and landform etc. The waste gas discharged by construction equipment contains harmful substances of CO, NO2, hydrocarbon compound, of which, the discharged volume is related to the quantity of fuel consumption. The assessment conducts analogy analysis by using the field data of the dam construction site of Baise Hydrojunction. The monitoring was respectively done in summer, autumn and winter during the dam construction period, as shown in Table 4.3-1. 85 Table 4.3-1 Monitoring Results for Dam Construction of Baise Hydro Junction Items Points Monitoring Season Remarks Summer Autumn Winter 10.022 0.011 0.007 No. 1 point is approx. IOOm NOS 20.02 0.270.09 21 from construction site; No.2 TSP 2 0.23 0.06 0.05 point approx. 15m. From Table 4.3-1, as for the places 100m out of the construction site, the contents of TSP and NO2 in the three seasons did not exceed the Class II standard specified in Environmental Quality Standardfor Air. The scale and landform and climate conditions of this project are similar with those of Baise hydro junction. It can be predicted that the air 100m out of the project construction site shall satisfy the assessment standard. Nearby Cuijiaying dam site are Zhongzhou Teams Nos.3 and 4 (left bank, 1400m from construction site) and Qiang Team No.6 (right bank, about 400m from construction site). These two Villages are all out of the range of 400m of the construction site. Living area is also 100m out of the mixing plant. Therefore, dust and equipment gas will have impacts on construction workers, while has little impacts on living area and neighboring Villages. So protection of construction labors shall be enhanced. The main pollution in stone pit of Phoenix Beach is dust. The spot supervising result indicates, TSP in the place that is 100m away from the working place is seriously exceeding quota, but there is no concentrative residential district 1Km away from the nearby stone pit. The pollution of the stone pit mainly affected the workers, so the protection to the work of the workers in stone pit should be strengthened. 4.3.1.3 Analysis of Impacts on Sensitive Spots Zhongzhou Teams Nos.3 and 4 (left bank, 1400m from construction site) and Qiang Team No.6 (right bank, about 400m from construction site) are the nearest sensitive spots, the dam construction will have little impacts on the air environment. 4.3.2 Analysis of Environmental Impacts on Air during Operational Period During the operational period, except the dam access road that will have impacts on air (Chapter 7, the environmental impact of the dam access road), other subprojects will not have impacts on ambient air. 4.4 Prediction of the Impacts on Acoustic Environment of the Project 4.4.1 Construction period Construction noises are mainly from two kinds, equipment noises and traffic noises. 4.4.1.1 The impacts of noises of construction equipment Mechanical noise sources can be regarded as the fixed noise source. Based on the decaying situation of mechanical noises, the prediction is done via the following simplified formula: Lp= Lpo-20 lg(r/ro) 86 In the formula: Lp---- the predicted value of construction noise at "r" meters from noise source, dB (A) Lpo---- reference sound level at "ro" meters of noise source, dB(A); r---- the distance between the monitoring point and the noise source, M. Taking ro reference acoustic level of the medium value of A sound level range of the mechanical noises of various equipment, the predictive noises values at different distances for various construction equipment shall be computed, as shown in Table 4.4-1. Predictive Noise Values at Different Distances from Fixed Noise Source Table: 4.4-1 Unit: dB(A) Name 1Sm SOm lOOm 200m 300m SOOm 600m Excavator 83.0 72.5 66.5 60.5 57.0 52.5 51.0 Bulldozer 85.0 67.5 61.5 55.5 59.0 54.5 53.0 Mixing plant 81.0 70.5 64.5 58.5 55.0 50.5 49.0 Electric generator 88.5 78.5 72.0 66.0 62.5 58.0 56.4 Impact driller 77.5 67.5 61.0 55.0 51.5 47.0 45.4 Impact piler 77.5 67.5 61.0 55.0 51.5 47.0 45.4 Wheel loader 80.5 70.0 64.0 58.0 54.5 50.0 48.4 The results of computation indicate that, the noise values of all fixed construction equipment, without considering superimposed noises, have exceeded 77dB(A) within the range of 15m, which will have certain impacts on the workers at sites. In the places 50m out of the construction site, noise value of equipment (except electric generator) may reduce below 75dB(A); places 500m out of construction site, the value shall be lower than 55dB (A). This shows that the places 50m out of the machinery site will basically conform to the daytime standard of 75dB(A) specified in Noise Limit Values for Construction Site; places 500m out of the machinery site will basically conform to the nighttime standard of 55dB (A) specified in Noise Limit Values for ConstructionSite. According to the construction plan of the Project, the sensitive point that is nearest to the noise source is Qianying Team No.6 on the right bank, about 400m from the construction site and within the construction zone. Based on the analogy analysis of the predictive values of fixed noise source, nighttime construction will possibly cause excessive noise value in the sensitive point. In other area, construction in daytime or nighttime will not have environmental impacts 87 of noise. Because this project is located in suburbs, noise sensitive spots are less. During the construction period, if attending to the adjustment of construction schedules, the noise impacts can be endured. 4.4.1.2 The impacts of traffic noises Traffic noise sources are also called flow noise sources that are related to the decaying model, traffic flow, and vehicle model, speed and road condition. The predictive noise values at different distances are shown in Table 4.4-2. Predictive Traffic Noise Values at Different Distances Table 4.4-2 Unit: dB (A) Distance Im 20m Sm 1OOm 120m 15Gm 200m 30Gm Daytime 60 57 53 50 49 48 47 45 Dump truck Nighttime 56 53 49 40 45 44 43 42 According to the predictive noise values of dump trucks, the analysis indicates that the noise will exceed the standard in daytime in sensitive spots within the range of 1 m from the transport road, while will exceed the standard in nighttime within the range of I 00m. 4.4.2 Analysis of the Impacts on Acoustic Environment during Operation Crest road will be built for use of the pivot only, not for public traffic, so traffic noise impact will be very limited during operation. During the operational period of the project, the noise impacts on the environment are mainly from the power buildings and ship running. The power buildings are arranged on the right bank being over 400 meters away from populated areas, including Qianying Team No.6, administrative and living areas for the Project. The noises produced by ships when passing the dam do not have serious impacts on the environment due to slow speed, but the blowing noises are high showing instantaneous influences. 4.5 Analysis of Environmental Impacts of Reservoir Inundation and Resettlement 4.5.1 The indices for inundation of physical objects Based on the 63.23m normal water level, the reservoir inundation will be involved in three townships of Panggong Street Office, Dongjin and Zhangwan with total inundated area of 28232Mu, among which there is 151 96mu will be submerged in Yuliangzhou. 4.5.2 The indices for permanent land occupation 88 According to the overall layout of the project specified in the Feasibility Study Report, land occupation for construction are mainly of construction site, construction camps, waste grounds, electric substation, road construction etc. 2909mu various land will be acquisited for pivot construction, among which there is 400mu rural collective land (including 342mu dry land, 40mu garden land, 6 forest land and 12 mu pound); 2269mu flood land (including 38mu dry land and 223 1mu forest land); 197mu land for construction and 43 mu other unused land. And 47080m2 houses will be relocated. 4.5.3 Analysis of environmental impacts of resettlement The RAP of the Project is on the basis of utilizing existing natural resources and pioneering the land potentials to actively settle the migrants through agricultural development, thus to recover the levels of living and production and leave space for development. Such will help to the migrants to live and work in peace, contentment and permanent social stability. The degree of land utilization for development of the project is high, whilst waste hills and wastelands that can be used as farmland are limited. Based on this, the project design intends to take protective measures for the farmland under the submerged line. Due to scattered population, people are required to be arranged in different places are not many. According to the targets of production resettlement for migrants, migrants of the reservoir area shall be arranged in the existing Village or group through local or nearby resettlement. In all, the volume of resettlement is not big, which will not have serious impacts on the environment. Detailed analysis of the impacts is shown in the following. 4.5.3.1 Advantageous impacts (1) To promote industrial structure adjustment through utilizing the water resources of the reservoir In the reservoir area, existing agricultural economy is not featured by plantation, accounting for below 40% of the gross agricultural output value. Through migrating development, water advantages of the reservoir area shall be exerted thoroughly and fishery will undergo remarkable development. In addition, economy of the resettlement areas shall be revitalized or exceeded via the development of fishery and tertiary industries, and the proportion of fishery in the mega-agriculture shall be increased to some extent. (2) To promote the capacity to resist natural calamities in the resettlement areas. Large input of funds, materials, information and technologies during the migrant resettlement will improve the electric supply, transportation and telecommunication facilities in the resettlement areas. Irrigative conditions for farmland will be radically improved, thus strengthen the capacity of the migrants to resist the natural calamities. (3) To improve the living standards of migrants The objects of migrant resettlement of the project are some rural households. The resettlement 89 has provided new opportunities for the improvement of the living conditions of the migrants. Newly constructed houses have taken good consideration of the infrastructure. The quality of the houses will be also improved. (4) To increase the land productivity through reasonable development of land resources. The normal water storage level of the project is 63.23m. A certain amount of surplus labors for re-employment. These people will loss the productive foundation that they live on. According to the RAP, improvement of low-yield farmland and dry land and greenhouse vegetable planting and aquiculture in the reservoir area will be used for re-employment. Such land development projects help to comprehensively utilize the land resources in the resettlement areas, hence increase the land productivity. 4.5.3.2 Analysis on disadvantageous impacts (1) The impacts of migrating resettlement on the land resources The reserved farmland in the reservoir area is limited. There are very few farmlands that are suitable for agricultural purposes in the reservoir area. Due to the inundation and migrating resettlement that will occupy some quantity of land, the contradiction between fanrland resources and population tend to be more intensive. Productive resettlement of migrants will end with local adjustment of the remained farmland after inundation of the reservoir, which shall be done by local people's government according to the overall planning. After adjustment, the average farmland per capita will be less than that before reservoir construction. This has affected agricultural activities to some extent. However, through the economic income from the project construction and economic compensation for the migrants that will be used to improve the land productivity, the population-land contradiction will be mitigated effectively. (2) The analysis of the impacts of resettlement on the environment (c)The impacts of the migrant new zone on the environment The reservoir area of the project is not involved in return resettlement of relocated houses, 75 households of Qianying Teams Nos. 1 and 6 in total will have their houses rebuilt at Qiang Team No.5, the land for new homestead is dry land. The main impacts of house rebuilding on the environment are damaging the existing vegetation and unsoiling, thus changing the existing landscape. The existing vegetation in the new migrating sites is dry land. After resettlement, the new places will turn into the villages of new landscape type, being tree eco-type. The places at the back and front of the houses will be planted with tress, and the eco-environment will be improved. (®The productive resettlement of the project mainly includes improvement of low-yield farmland and dry land and greenhouse vegetable planting and aquiculture in the reservoir area. This means that resettlement will not occupy new land. The impacts of productive resettlement on the environment are in the following aspects: 90 The impacts on water quality: Productive resettlement will cause water erosion, mainly of SS. It is because that there are many places being scattered in a vast area. So the impacts are on big range but of little degree. On the other hand, the impacts of mesh-cage fishery cultivation on the environment are mainly of organic pollution caused by the feeds thrown into the water. However, most feeds will be consumed by the aquatic life and the impacts of the remains on the environment will be very limited. Water erosion caused by productive resettlement will come into being in construction. The main impacts of water erosion are on the quality of the water in the ditches nearby the agricultural development areas, causing mud accumulation. The cultivatable layer in the agricultural production areas will become thinner due to water erosion, thus affecting agricultural production. Therefore, it is required to enhance the works of conservation of water and soil during the process of development. (3) The impacts of migrating resettlement on social environment The issues of migrating resettlement of project construction are somewhat sensitive. For the sake of project construction, some people have to give up the existing quiet life and reestablish their livelihood; some people have to newly engage in land development for agricultural production. The issues of migrating resettlement will cause some negative impacts on the social environment if not properly resolved. Therefore, it is required to thoroughly carry out the plans for migrating resettlement and do well the works, such as settle the problems of water supply in the migrating areas and the grain ration for the migrants during the transition period. Such will help to accelerate the project construction. 4.6 Analysis of the Geological Environment Influence 4.6.1 Geological condition of the engineering area River course of the reservoir area is curved; the river valley is shaped as a dissymmetrical "U", the Heart Beach and the Continent Beach are being grown. The water surface of Han River is 300 to 400 m in the dry season, in the flood season increasing to 2 to 3Km. The right bank of the stream segment is mound and the first terrace shaped as a long and narrow belt extends discontinuously, the predestination of part of it shaped as steep juncture is up to the riverside; yet the left bank shapes gently. The gentle mound and the terrace connect with each other, the terrace surface is about 6 to 8Km, the elevation of the earth's surface of the first terrace is about 64 to 72m. The carbonate of Zhendan and Hanwu sections, arenaceous rock and red clastic rock of the third section in the reservoir area are exposed scattered on the right bank. The main is the alluvium of the fourth section; the litho is sand, gravel and clay. Geological structure of the Cuijiaying pivot locates on the place that connects the fold section of Mountain Qin and two 1-class structural unit of Yangtze Para-platform, the near site field (radius is 30Km regarding the site as the center) located on the south point of the Nanxiang 91 fault basin with 2-class structure unit, and the north point of the deformed zone in the basin and mountain of the Hubei center, and the west point of overturning zone on the Mount Yiying of Suizhou. Cracking action of the near site field of the engineering was very fierce in the period of Mount Yan movement. This action formed the Nanxiang fault basin that is on the north of the Xiangfan-Guangji crack, and the wild deposit channel "Graben of Han River" that links up Nanxiang and Jianghan-Dongting fault basin. So, the basic structure of this district is established. The main perform of the new structural action of the Nanxiang basin is the sinking of fragments' diversity; the main perform of the deformed zone in the basin and mountain of Hubei center is the surging movement of fragments' diversity from west to east and the overturning zone of Suiyiying from north to south. Since the fourth geological period, the "go up and down" movement of an intermittent nature inside the area formed the I ,II ,IIJ terraces of Han River valley. The height of the fourth section in the site area amounts to more than 80m. Regional cracking appeared in the near site field of engineering has these main cracks: the Xiangfan-Guangji crack and the Mount Overlord-Xinji crack moving from north west west to north west; the Huji-Shayang crack, the Wu'an-Stone Bridge crack and the Yonglong River crack moving towards north north west. 4.6.2 Analysis of the engineering geological environment influence The main engineering geological problems of the reservoir area are: seepage of the reservoir, stability of the reservoir bank, flood, analysis of introducing earthquake influence etc. 4.6.2.1 Analysis of the seepage influence of the reservoir head's left bank Left bank of the reservoir head is a waterway sector. According to the drilling and geophysical prospecting materials, except the surface being sandy loam with the height of 0 to 5m, the lower part is grit stone stratum with strong leakage whose height amounts to several meters. The ground water elevation of the waterway sector is 55 to 60m in general, which is similar to the height of the grit stone stratum. As the allocation of the grit and grit stone stratum is stable, the water lever of the reservoir is raised after impounding and the leakage pressure increases. There are two kinds of leaking ways: one is leaking to the east small rivers and stream of Dun River; the other one is leaking to the bottom of dam. Current of the former in the dry season is unceasingly and the lowest water lever is 6 to 7m higher than the mainstream of Han River. Considering on these grounds, the possibility of leakage is small. Because the predestination of the 1-class terrace is stably allocated with some grit and grit stone stratum whose leakage is very strong, and the water lever of the reservoir is 3 to 5 m higher than the Dun River on the lower reaches after impounding, the possibility of leaking towards the dam bottom through the middle sector of the river is existed. However, considering that the raising of ground water lever of the 1-class terrace after impounding which certainly be clogged by the ground water of the 2-class terrace, the leakage problem of the grit stone of lower part that following the 1-class terrace becomes the real leakage problem around the dam of the left dam head. Judging for the first time, the leaking volume is not too much. 92 4.6.2.3 Analysis of influence of the reservoir being flooded After the reservoir being impounded, parts of the low-lying land of Xiangfan district may be affected by the flood, but zone from the Xiangfan city until the reservoir head, namely the left bank of Dongjing-the dam and Yangjia River-the zone of Xiejiatai, will be the zone being flooded by the reservoir, and the area is about 32Km2 . 4.6.2.4 Evaluation of the stability of district structure and analysis of the dangerous of earthquake According to the historical materials of earthquake, the earthquake action study area of Cuijiaying pivot area (east longitude 1090-1150, northern latitude 290 -34° 20'), since the 143B.C ,the Ms 4.7 degree earthquakes are 28 times according to the record, since 1997,the earthquake website recorded the Ms:2.5 degree earthquakes are 489 times, among them the Ms>4.7 degree earthquakes are 2 times. In Xiangyang district that the engineering located the earthquakes is about 16 times according to the record since the 209A.D to the end of Qing Dynasty, there are only 2 to 3 times in the near site area and epicenter intensity is IV. Since 1996, the earthquake action that recorded in the website is comparatively smaller, the bigger ones are only 3.2 degree in Zhangji and 2.5 degree in southeast of Zhangwan. According to The diagram of earthquake intensity area in the People's Republic of China (overstepping the probability 10% in 50 years), the basic earthquake intensity in the engineering site of Cuijiaying pivot is VI degree. The earthquake bureau of Hubei province checked the earthquake of the pivot area, and analyzed the dangerous of earthquakes. The Cuijiaying dam site has overlapped the probability 10% in 50 years, and the corresponding earthquake intensity (average soil quality) is VI degree, the acceleration of the highest quake level of the basic rock is 61.5 cm/s2 . The water levers of obstruction section of the river course all never went beyond the native riverbed, and the geological environment didn't change a lot, so the conducing earthquake of the reservoir will not exceed the basic intensity. 4.7 Analysis of Impacts on Local Climate 4.7.1 Local Climate Overview The Han River enjoys relatively mild temperate and moist weather, belonging to East Asian monsoon district. Eurasia cold high-pressure influence the winter, and the summer is influenced by the high-pressure of subtropical jet stream of Western Pacific. The weather has obvious seasonality in provinces, so to suffer from severe cold in winter, scorching in summer. Annual average temperature in the basin ranges 15 17°C, and 22-34°C in July, with extreme temperature reaching more than 43 °C in some areas. Temperature is lowest in January, with annual average temperature at 2-4°C, and the lowest average at -2°C and the extreme at -14 C. The whole basin has 220-260 days of frost-free period on average, and there is not record of ice coverage in the whole river. Relative humidity in the basin is 70-75 00. As located in northern monsoon climate area of subtropical zone, the Han River, enjoys 93 abundant precipitation in spring and summer and limited precipitation in autumn and winter. Statistics show that annual average rainfall is 700 1300mm. The number of days of precipitation reduces gradually to the north from the south, with annual average precipitation days at about 120 days, and the maximum daily rainfall reached 60 - 100 mm. Rainfall distribution is extremely uneven within the year, with the majority concentrated from May to October, accounting for 70 - 80% of annual precipitation. All parts of the basin may suffer from torrential rain. Daily rainfall greater than 100mm in torrential rains most often occur in July, then in September, then in August. Annual average evaporation is 900 - 1300 mms in the basin of Han River. It is greater in the lower reaches than in the upper reaches, greater in the river valley than in the mountain areas, greater in the north bank than in the southern bank. The atmospheric pressure is lower in summer than in winter. Evaporation reaches maximum in June or July and minimum in January, February. The annual average wind speed has been 1.0-3.5m / s in the basin of Han River and 1.4- 2.3m / s 0-3.5 m/s in the upper reaches. The wind speed in winter changes not too much, approaching the average wind speed. Often the topography and monsoon remarkably influence wind direction, to have wind flowing towards the east in the upper reaches, towards the Northwest in the middle reach and northeast in the lower reach. The largest wind speed of the upper reaches is 18. 3-24.3m/s , and the extreme wind speed reaches 28 m/s in the midstream and downstream. 4.7.2 Analysis of Impacts on Local Climate River water impounding has changed the quality of the original underlying surface in that the energy budget has changed, which will affect the local climate. The impacts of water on the climate are classified into two types. The first one is direct influence, i.e. the air denaturalization above water body, where air will expand in all directions to land through stratospheric action. Such will change the air quality above the neighboring land but being of little impacts mainly on the air layer by the underlying surface. The other one is indirect impact. Due to the change of meteorological elements above the water body, the function of thermodynamic circulation is formed, which enables rising or descending of the air in large scale. In the air rising area, rainfall is easily formed. Increase of clouds in the daytime will reduce the sunshine hours, which will consequently lower the temperature, and vice versa in the nighttime. 4.7.2.1 Impacts on temperature The impacts of the reservoir water body on temperature are divided into direct and indirect impacts. As for direct impact, due to the different thermodynamic features of land surface and water surface, when the air parcel moves on land surface and water surface, under the vertical exchange and horizontal exchange, different denaturalization will occur. In the daytime, the land is hotter than the water surface, while in the nighttime; such will be on the contrary. When the air parcel moves from land to water surface, cold denaturalization will occur, which is closely related to the moving time on the new underlying surface and the strength of turbulent exchanges. After completion of the reservoir, the water surface will be enlarged. The time for 94 air parcel moving above water surface becomes longer, so such degree will be stronger than the previous one. As for indirect impacts, due to lower surface temperature of water than the land, in the daytime, there exists relatively strong down draft above the water body, while at the same time there exists rising current on the land nearby the banks of water body. After completion of the reservoir, the volume of clouds above water body in the daytime will reduce, while the volume of clouds above the lands by the banks will increase. According to monitoring data, every additional one hour of sunshine will enable additional rise of temperature of 0.43°C; each additional of 10% of cloud volume, the daily average temperature will varieties 0.8-1.0°C. The range impacted by water body on temperature is related to the areas of water surface. According to the survey of Hongshuihe River conducted by concerned departments, the maximum temperature difference between water surface temperature and land surface temperature is 2.0°C. Such impacts shall cover the range of about 2km or less when the landforms are undulating. The water surface will be 250-550 m broader than the one before construction. The water surface after reservoir construction still shapes river type at 250-550m widths, showing little difference between before and after reservoir construction. Based on the temperature analysis of similar river-type reservoir project, the impact caused by change of water body on the temperatures in different seasons shall be about 0.1 °C covering the range of about 2km. It can be seen that the impacts after construction of the Project on temperatures of both banks are very limited. 4.7.2.2 Impacts on rainfall The elements that affect the rainfall in reservoir district are relatively complicated, which are mainly due to the variations of water vapor content in the atmosphere above the reservoir and the changes of wind-fields caused by the changes of heating power. In daytime, due to the down current above water body, rainfall reduces; in nighttime, due to rising current above water body, rainfall increases. As for the land on neighboring area, such shall be on the contrary. The bigger water surface, the more obvious of such case is. After construction of the reservoir, it still belongs to river-channel type reservoir. The widened area of water surface will not be much, which will not bring much impact on the rainfall. The spatiotemporal distribution will remain the same, and the variation of rainfall will not be obvious. The gravitational field caused by the changes of heat power is relatively complicate. The prediction herewith only aims at the variation of rainfall caused by the changes of water vapor contents. The prediction formula is: E 1 R =+1 -(1--) In the formula: R' - rainfall after heading up, mm; R rainfall before heading up, mm; E ' , E evaporation quantity after and before heading-up, mm; K moisture circulation coefficient; 95 K=1.002659+0.00005084L L- featured length of backwater area. m. Analogical analysis of similar project, (E' /E) =1.0029, computation results (R' /R) =1.002. The annual average rainfall of Cuijiaying is 1000mm. The rainfall after heading up only increases 0.2% than that before the heading up, at about 2mm. It can be seen that the water impounding will not have serious impacts on rainfall. 4.7.2.3 Impacts on wind When air current enters from the underlying surface of one property to another, wind speed will change due to the different degrees of roughness. When wind blows from land surface to water surface, due less roughness of water surface, the wind speed will increase. Variation of wind speed is related to the length of wind zone. The longer the wind zone, the bigger variation of the wind speed is. The addition of wind speed will be rapid at the beginning and gradually slow down till stable after passing certain distance. According to the monitoring data for similar projects, when the additional width is at 200-500m range, the wind speed will be 1.07-1.16 times of the previous speeds. The width of water surface after reservoir impounding will not change much, only 50-250m wider than the previous width. Therefore, the wind speed after reservoir impounding will not have obvious changes. 4.7.2.4 Impacts on foggy day Variation of foggy days is related to the changes of local humidity and temperature. It can be seen from the chapter of temperature impacts, the variation of temperature is little after water retaining. In addition, due to the little changes of the wideness of water surface after water retaining, plus humid location of lower latitude of the project, the impacts of water body on air humidity will be little, from which, it can be inferred that the dammed water will not have serious impacts on foggy days. 4.7.2.5 Impacts on frost day The number of frost days is closely related to the average lowest temperature. According to the like engineering monitoring, the reservoir after being completed will reduce 2-3 days of the frost period for the land nearby the water body than that of the land far away from the water body, i.e. prolonging the frost period for 2-3 days. According to the prediction of temperature variation, after the completion of the reservoir, the lowest temperature on the banks in winter will be 1.0°C higher. The analogy analysis shows that the frost period in winter will be about 3 .days less. 4.7.2.6 Impacts on humidity According to the survey, the absolute humidity in summer above the water body shall be lower than that above the land, while in winter, it will be higher than that of land. The district for assessment belongs to low latitude humid area; the impacts of water body on air humidity will be less than that in dry areas. Based on the monitoring results of like projects before and after project construction, the absolute humidity in wet season after reservoir construction will be lhpa lower than that before reservoir construction, while in dry season, the figure will be about lhpa higher. Therefore, it can be inferred that the absolute humidity will not undergo obvious variation after water impounding of the reservoir. 96 4.8 Analysis of Impacts of the Project on People's Health 4.8.1 Contents and Methods for Analysis of the Impacts of the Project on People's Health The analysis of the impacts of hydropower projects aims to predict the possible occurrence, spreading and development of some diseases caused by the environmental changes due to project construction and operation. The predictive analysis herewith covers the diseases of natural focal disease, endemic disease, water-borne infection and insect-borne infectious disease etc. The methods for assessment mainly adopt analogical predictive analysis. 4.8.2 Impacts of the Project on People's Health 4.8.2.1 Impacts on people's health during construction period During the construction period, frequent floating working staff will add to the chances for spreading of various diseases, which will bring some epidemic diseases that the construction sites do not previously have, or extend some diseases of the areas to outside places. Sanitary garbage, ordure and wastewater, if not properly treated, will cause pollution to river and water sources. Local people and the workers who drink the water may suffer from intestinal epidemic disease such as hepatitis and bacillary dysentery, which, if not properly controlled, will lead to mass epidemic diseases. On the other hand, earthwork and stonework after excavation will easily form plashes where may become the places for breeding of mosquitoes, thus may lead to the occurrence and spreading of insect-borne infectious diseases including malaria. Dust, NO2 , SO2 produced by construction will have adverse impacts on the air of the construction site, which will add to the patients who suffer from respiratory diseases. Noise pollution may harm the auditory system and people's health. Meanwhile, strong labor intensity of the workers may worsen the physique and weaken the resistance against disease, and labors may easily suffer from disease. It can be seen that project construction will bring adverse influences on the working personnel and neighboring residents. According to the statistical dada of 1987 of Yantang Hydropower Station of Hongshuihe River, in the construction site, there were over 200 people suffering from diarrhea, more than 300 people from malaria. The incidences of these two diseases in local countryside are relatively higher during construction period than that before construction, indicating obvious rising. Due to the increase of workers coming from outside in construction period, the possibilities of occurring AIDS will increase. Even though no AIDS records are found in the nearby places of construction sites, the possibility may exist due to the coming of outside workers who may bring virus. Therefore, it is required to undertake necessary education and instruction of AIDS prevention, popularize the knowledge of AIDS among workers and neighboring residents in various means, such as blackboard propagandizing, meeting on AIDS prevention, free spreading booklets on AIDS, thus to reduce the chances of AIDS occurring and transmitting. 4.8.2.2 Impacts on people's health during operation People's health is closely related to the natural conditions, living habits, living idea, living 97 standard and sanitary conditions. However the impacts on the health by these factors are complicate which shall be difficult to present quantitative description. Therefore, the prediction herewith adopts analogical method. The similar project is Dahua Hydropower Station that has the same natural river channel. From the collected materials, it can be seen that: (1) No epidemic diseases are found due to environmental changes after 10 years of water retaining in Dahua Hydropower Station; (2 ) No schistosomiasis patients or oncomelania are found before and after reservoir construction. (3) The incidences of diarrhea and viral hepatitis of water-borne infection are high during construction period and reduced after one year. (4) The incidence of malaria is high during construction period, and tends to reduce after water retaining. No fulminate epidemic is found. (5) The encephalitis B does not have obvious changes. From the analogical data, it can be predicted that, after water retaining of the reservoir, the project will not have adverse impacts on the people's health. On the other hand, operation of the project will promote the local economy and living standard. The cultural information exchanges will be also enhanced. People's living ideas will also undergo changes, which will make them attach to the good living habits. Therefore, the bad factors that affect people's health will disappear gradually and the occurrence of various epidemic diseases will be controlled. 4.9 Analysis of Impacts on Cultural Sites 4.9.1 Impacts on cultural sites At the end of June 2004, Hubei Cultural Relics Archaeological Exploitation Institute organized the second investigation based on the first investigation. Through the second investigation, it was found that some of the cultural relics determined by the first investigation were not in accordance with the requirement of cultural relics protection condition of this project. Therefore, the cultural relics in the dam area and the inundation area were readjusted and checked again. Two cultural sites were found in the water saving reservoir area of Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivotal Project, which were distributed in the grade one and grade two mesa at the internal side of the river bank (see Fig. 4.9-1). The types of the cultural sites were underground ancient relics and grave. 4.9.1.1 Brief introduction to the cultural relics units 1. The Ferry relics and graveyard They are located on the first mesa of the seamy side of river dike, which is in No.4 set, Top continent village, Dongjing town, Xiangyang district of Xiangfan city. They are about 100m away to the waiting room of the ferry from the east, N31° 58' 935" and E112° 11' 881 " and its elevation is 62m. The area saving now is 20000 m2 , involving area 20000 m2 . The earth's surface of relics and graveyard, under the drowning line, can be used on planting vegetables. It is distributed with plentiful concentrative relics such as grave bricks of rope lines, 98 1040M lelOA!djamodojPAHpuebuiddiqSbuiAeilinolosai adoidleinllnolosuoileooI -Vqjnbi A. IW[O.Ij lgjOAI laAAOaOJPAH PUB BUldcuqS BuiAmpDjo UFFIG A --- SpiuXOARID 7., 't Y Sol ON 0 V-. kJ 7 r4 zn. - 4 xe _K -t J- .7f:2 i :Jk C5 t'. 4 F At k :ki % T. I p pupilaH oduaqt) *xz 1Z, L4" ZI i 914 + J 1C.s- 2,. 7 t L L F Y C- J 37- 7 E,; L 7- _T_ sl earthenware and chinaware slices of rope lines. The relic and graveyard are from Tang Dynasty to the Qing and Ming Dynasties and kept well. It is suggested to carry out exploration and excavation. 2. Chengpo relics and graveyard The relics and graveyard of Chenpo It is located on the mound of the south bank of Han River, which is in No.1 and No.2 sets, Chenjia village, Dongjing town, Xiangyang district of Xiangfan city N310 02' 674" and E112' 13' 275" . It is 50m away to the Chenjia village from south and its elevation is 62 to 68m. The area saving now is 500000 m2 , involving2 area 300000 m~~~~~~~~~2 . The earth's surface is abundant with relics, such as earthenware slices and bricks, the things can be recognized are vessels, tripods, beans, foot basins of the East Zhou Dynasty; bricks with rope lines, hollow bricks, plank tiles, tube-shaped tile, basins, cow nose ear bottle, vats etc. of Han Dynasty. Moreover, some building foundations are found on the cross section, some broken tombs of brick room and cave dwelling that exposed are found on the farmland. According to the native residents, tomb of brick room of Han Dynasty was ever found in the scale of 20 acres around there. The earth's surface is farmland, parts of them is under the drowning line. The relics and graveyard are from the East Zhou Dynasty, the Han Dynasty and the Six Dynasties, and are kept well. 4.9.1.2 Evaluation on violation of the culture inheritance The cultural relics that the engineering developments of Cuijiaying space electricity involved are located on the first and second mesas along the Han river, and most of them are relics and graveyards of the Han and Tang Dynasties, but there are also some in earlier times, the age lasts from Neolithic Age to the Ming and Qing Dynasties. All these are important as to understanding the development of the native ancient culture. The relics of Chenpo in this investigation should be the most important location that should cause enough attention. According to the general investigation of cultural relics and the real situation of the work ever before, the relics in Xiangfan district is a lot, and the earlier ones is buried deeper. Because the time of this investigation is tight, and most places are covered by thick silt sand, some of them are subrnerged by the Han River that is soaring. Only relying on the ground investigation is hard to discover, yet, in the process of engineering construction there will be some important discovers. It is hoped that after discovering the engineering department can stop working and report to the provincial cultural relics section. 4.9.2 Impacts on natural reserves and scenic spots 4.9.2.1 Natural reserves overview There are 9 areas as conservation of nature within Xiangfan city of Hubei Province and 13 within the city of Shiyan. For detail of the type, size, protected targets and the nearest distance to the Han River see Table 4.9-1 and 4.9-2. For detail of the relationship between the reserve and the Han River see Drawings Nos. 4.9-2 and 4.9-3. 99 Table 4.9-1 Natural Reserves in Xiangfan No County Name of Size Type Major Protected Dept. Distance City Reserve (ha) Objects in to Han District Charge River(km) I City of Liangshan 1000 Scenic Cultural Relics and County 1.2 Xiangfan Natural wood Historic Sites Forest Reserve Bureau 2 Xiangyang Lumen 1000 Scenic Humane landscape; County 3 County Natural wood Historical traces Forest Reserve Bureau 3 Gucheng Caoshan 1000 Habitat The goral, little County 19 County Natural &fertility muntjac, the big Forest Reserve place cuckoo waits for Bureau animals 4 Baokang Gushan 400 Habitat Otter, Lin She, black County 49 County Natural &fertility bear, Giant Forest Reserve place salamander, little Bureau muntjac and fragrant fruit tree, the rhizome of Chinese goldthread, Liriodendron Chinense, Nan tree waits for the animals and plants 5 Baokang Citangou 1066 Original Wild wintersweet County 55 County Wild rehmannia Forest Wintersweet of plant Bureau Natural Reserve 6 Baokang Oudian 900 Original The Chinese yew, County 82 County Natural rehmannia wild winter sweet, Forest Reserve of plant tree peony Bureau 7 Nanzhang Qilishan 807 Habitat Lin She, otter's giant County 16 County Natural and salamander's cuckoo Forest Reserve fertility and blue and green Bureau wingceltis, the dove tree, The Liriodendron Chinense waits for the animals and plants 8 Zaoyang Baizu 1000 Habitat Spoon chicken, the County 80 City Natural and roe deer and blue and Forest Reserve fertility green wingceltis, the Bureau Liriodendron Chinense waits for the wild animals and plants 9 Zaoyang Qingfen 1000 Habitat Little muntjac, the County 30 City Peak Natural and cuckoo, the orchid Forest Reserve fertility family plant and blue Bureau and green wingceltis, The Liriodendron Chinense waits for the wild animals and plants 100 JN, ..;l t -;l>0 < _ : 0 L5E; t , . .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Bazu'emlNatural Iksr , > > / x i i'1 sKV {;E Gucheng County )/(rv( ,.F1 bat 9izS ' Shiyan Cityc,;~ -4 J<5ts'$ D v 7 ie -4 316 wl/ ilt w A Suzhou City| r { .iF-i jtf~~~~~~itangouWild Wintmrweet Natural Reiee FaCe9 ltc>i ngaCity UtA I _ !21 j *> W \ o+>-j 8ii t_t.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Lumen'remple Natural Reserve$> ). t*Sl l GuanshnNaturalReserve',QilIish aN trlRsrveXiangcheng District - M 9A. f \ 2 AB~~~aokang Countyg >; /M QingferngPeak Natural Resern, \ Jgiss rNanzh~~~~~~~~~~~anhng County$ , iSgX 8t ,~~OudiallNat~~udiaiNtralRserve j J)src / , J a tT~ igr 4.9- Natura reserves CitynfaCt t'fIT in,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Shanxi Province , '< vt-X+, ~~~~~~~~~~~p W vin~rvie | Wuli Rier Natural Reserve *2 j Y St,GrnfYunxi Count . o A* f1b ;.. w AYun County / @ Ynyaang Scenic Forest Natural Reserve Naa ; Shanxi Province Shiy j Baimashan Natural Reserve SJinCuayan Natural Reserve \ ZhangwaZDistrict In iN iIR @*i*,/' /o() \ | Maojian District |AS_ Danjiangkou City t~ t-A ., \ . Wudo Peak N Res ,316 Zhuxi County t ) /it 2 Biaohu Natural Rscrxes 6UX'\. *U Wenbi Tower Natural Reserve R ;~~ZhushanCounty - Bauashan Natural Reserve / *rA rn Xiangfan City 1 \ agua - ' S;is/ j { X3\Fang County 0o,' t;r Jf ili TempleOrmosia Tree Natural e ) IDaidong RierNatuReserxea ~~f.~~ Xisong Naturleev!) Oo , esi jia ForesteDstrict 3. t < ,~ ~(o ~e 4 /* S , ; , S ~ %- *- 5 ,_tYicharg Ct- Figure 4.9-3 Natural reserves inShiyan City Table 4.9-2 Natural Reserves in Shiyan City No County City Natural Size Type Major Protected Objects Dept in Distance Reserve (ha+ Charge to Han name River (km) I Shiyan City Jinhuayan 510 Habitat and Red belly golden pheasant, City 9.5 Natural fertility giant salamander and ginkgo, Forest Reserve Du Zhong, Liriodendron Bureau Chinense, young three sharp China firs of comb wait for the animals and plants 2 Zhangwan Baimashan 533 Habitat and Lin She, spoon chicken, grass Local 17 District Natural fertility uA waits for animals, Humane Forest Reserve landscape Bureau 3 Yunyang Yunyang 600 Scenic scenic wood; human relics County 2.5 County Natural wood Forest Reserve Bureau 4 Yunyang Fushan 500 Habitat and Lin She, red belly golden County 9.5 County Natural fertility pheasant, little muntjac; Forest Reserve Humane landscape Bureau 5 Yunxi Wulihe 940 Habitat and Red belly angle pheasant, the County 30 County Natural fertility Chinese ring-necked pheasant Forest Reserve waits for pheasant's subject Bureau birds 6 Zushan Niucizi 1030 Habitat and Black bear, Lin She, young County 100 County Natural fertility three sharp China firs of Forest Reser-ve serow and comb, It Zhu the Bureau Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Huang Bai, Palestine's mountain couch waits for the animals and plants 7 Zushan Qinliang 807 Original Ormosia tree County 60 County Ormosia dried Forest Natural rhizome of Bureau Natural rehmannia Reserve of animal 8 Danjiangkou Wuduo Peak 667 Habitat and Lin She, the macaque, the City 8.5 C ity Natural fertility zibet, Rasse and ginkgo, Forest Reserve fragrant fruit tree, the blue and Bureau green wingceltis waits for the animals and plants 9 Danjiangkou Wenbita 667 Habitat and The zibet, rasse and ginkgo, City 12 City Natural fertility Du Zhong waits for the Forest Reserve animals and plants Bureau 10 Zuxi County Baguashan 800 Habitat and Red belly golden pheasant, County 95 Natural fertility the animals and plants, such Forest Reserve fertility as masked civet and three Bureau Reserve sharp China firs of nose.etc. 11 Zuxi County Biaohu 800 Habitat and Lin She, the animals and County 75 Natural fertility plants, such as masked civet Forest Reserve and three sharp China firs of Bureau Reserve___ nose,etc. 12 Fang Daidonghe 500 Habitat and Black bear, giant salamander County 110 County Natural fertility and fir, the ginkgo waits for Forest Reserve the animals and plants Bureau 13 Fang XihaoNatural 987 Habitat and Black bear, giant salamander County 90 County Reserve fertility and fir, the ginkgo waits for Forest the animals and plants Bureau 101 4.9.2.2 A survey of scenery and famous spots The traveling resources of the Xiangfan City are regarded melting the nature scenery and humanities landscape in integral whole as its special features. There are a lot of historic monuments, old addresses of revolution, natural landscapes, modem engineering views that can be provided as tour and appreciation, moreover, the city lies in the intersection point of traveling circuit of the center of China, all these with abundant resources for the developing of its traveling industry. The humanities landscape resources of the Xiangfan City is plentiful. The cultural relic that has found out orders 708 places, among which, the ancient site is 185 places, the ancient tomb is 220 places, the ancient sculpture carvings is 110 places, the ancient tree is 106 places, the ancient fossil is 4 places. The unearthed artifacts express that the area inside enters the human civilization is much earlier and become one of the places of origin of the Chinese nation. In various famous historic monuments, the Baosha monasteries contain the temple of Receiving favor, the temple of white water, the temple of wide virtuous, the temple of gate of deer; The ancient tower elite contains the Many treasures Buddhist tower in the temple of wide virtuous; The ancient city contains the city of Deng, the city of Monarch of Chu dynasty, the city of Xiangyang, the city of madam, etc.; The tombs of king and famous person contain the king tomb of Mingxiangjian, NO.1 Leigudun, the tomb of NO.2, the tomb of Du Fu, the tomb of Meng Haoran, the tomb of Wu Ziyao, the tomb group of Yu Gangwan's family ,the tomb group of the river of city Lu,etc; the former residences of famous person contain the manor of water mirror (Sima Wei), the ancient Longzhong(Zhuge Liang, Migong Si), the pond of the family of Si(Si Yu, Si Zhuochi),the former residences of Liu Xiu and Cai Lun. The modern and contemporary famous vestiges inside the Xiangfan City are also numerous. To 1985, the culture relics of revolution being found out in the whole municipal account 41 places, which contains important sites of revolution and tombs of martyrs that can be provided for visitors to paying homage. Inside the city there are the teaching places of Xiao Chunil, the old address of the special branch of communist party of China that loaded in Xiangfan, the old address of provincial Party of northwest of Hubei, the old address of the PLA ascending the city breaks of Xiang Yang and capturing Kang Yi alive. 4.9.2.3 Influence of the development of the big dam to the nature sanctuary and scenery and famous spot (1) The development of assistance engineering and temporary engineering of the big dam certainly will damage the plants along the line, the construction of short cut ,taking and leaving soil field will results in parts of lands nudity, all these may influence the native landscape. For the bare field that caused by digging and taking soil, should take ecosystem measures such as planting trees, growing grass etc. to recover its original nature landscape. (2) The closest distance between the small area of nature protection in Mount Yan and Han river is 1.2 Km. and the distance between this area to the engineering is roughly 2 Km. The developments of the big dam can't create harmful affects to nature landscape of Mount Yan, let 102 alone otlher- ones or scener-y and famous spots. (3) The engineering design should nlot only be consider-ed to satisfy its usage fuLnctioni, but also be proceeded the special landscape desig,ns as a new scenery from the esthetic angle, after thie engineering being set up, it can add a newv bright scenery line for the Xiangfan City. 4.10 Power Transmission and Transformation Wire Environment Analysis 4.1 0. 1 Project scale The Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivotal Project is a comprehensive application project mainly charactered as shipping one and compronmises to generate hydropower with the hydropower generated to promote shipping, its nomnal impounded level is 63..23m and its corresponding reservoir volume is 242 million m3 and its installed capacity is 96MW. The project belongs low-head runoff type station and riverbed type powerhouse. The Cuijiaying Pivot is arranged with 2 loops of 110 kV its destinations as Qianying and Panggong, 1.0 km away from the dam site. 4.10.2 Environmental impact analysis during construction The main construction contents of electric power line are the tower foundation, tower installation and line pulling, having the features of smaller land occupation, big working distance and scattered working sites. The environmental impacts of the project during construction period are: pennanent occupation of land; temporary land use during laying central line and construction of tower foundation. In this case, some crops, fruit trees and arbor trees will be temporarily damaged due to the moving of vehicles and working personnel. No pesticides would be used. The electric power line of this project is relatively short, however, this project will not use insecticide. Most construction sites are far from residential area. Noises and dusts produced by the constructioni will have little impacts on the environment. In addition, due to few working staff and less sanitary wastewater and garbage, the environmental influence will be very much limited. 4. 10.3 Environmental impact analysis durinlg operation As the electroin agnetic radiation source, during operation, high-voltage electric transmissioni line will, in the places wvhere it passes, contilLuously generate some EPM and radiate to the space various WF high-frequency electromiiagnletic waves that will transmit horizonitally to both sides of the power line. Such will affect the near-by wireless receptioni equipmenit whlose wave amplitude and phase of the useful signrals ,ill be influeniced, thus leading, to the failure in achieving nomial SNR. The interferenice of the electric transmission line done to wireless signals are caused by corona discharge and spark discharge. Electromagnletic interfer-enice xvill also do to electrical applianices such as radios and televisions. The high-frequency wva\ve caused by spar-k discharge wvill also influenice nea-rby television v\ideo frequenc%v According- to the analo;ic investigation of 50OKV electric tranismiiissioni line, in the plakce of 20ni ftrom the poxver line. the pow\cr fr-equency electr-ic field is low-er thani the assessin= standar-d of 4KV/ni for residential areas. In the place of 256m or fuirther. the inter-ferenice signals under various fi-equeLicies have been out of the testing limqits. Tlis project only has 1.0 km of 11OKV that is relativelv far awvay (longer thian 250m) residenitial area. Therefiore. electromagnetic impacts shall be limited. The places wvhere the electric transimiissioni line passes are mostly city roads. No primitive forest and water source forest are identified, or any rare and endangered animals and plants. Except for some occupation of land, it will not have serious impacts on the environmenit. 5.0 ANALYSIS OF IMPACTS OF STOCK YARD DEVELOPMENT AND MATERIAL TRANSPORT ON ENVIRONMENT 5.1 Stock Yard Environment Survey 5.1.1 Distribution and material taking quantity of stock yards Stock yard is distributed at the Zhuangjiachong earth material yard at the northwest slope of the Tuan Mountain at the left bank of the dam area, which is about 8.0km away from the dam site, there is a hasty road between the said yard and the dam site, the yard area is of moderate slope in chicken claw shape in front of the mountain, with the ground elevation between 69-95m, belonging to slope clay. The said yard has an area of 0.176km 2, an average thickness of 5m, total clay reserve of 87.9x104m 3 , available clay reserve of 78.2x104m 3 , with upper part of 0-3m as silty clay and the part below 3m as clay with good anti-seepage performance, the material taking quantity is 22.35x104m 3 . In addition, the Ma'anshan Mountain at 3-4km downstream of the dam is of argillaceous dolomite which can be used for bank protection. Longmentan Stock Yard is located at the downstream that is about 8Km from the dam site with convenient water and land transportation. Gravel aggregates basically distribute in the riverbed of the normal seasons. The bottomland is covered with the fine sands that is 1-3m thick and quarrying depth is 6-7m. In this material ground, pure sand reserves>65X 104m 3, pure gravel reserves>90X 104 m3 and material quarrying volume is 50x104 m3 . Fenghuang Shoal Stock Yard is located at the Fenghuang Shoal nearby the dam site, about lkm away from upstream of the dam site, moderate landform, with elevations between 56-60m, belonging to low flood plain riverbed phase alluvial deposit, its surface as powdery fine sand of 0-1.Om thick, below the surface is grit, the exploitation depth is 6-7m, the net gravel reserve of the yard >70x 104m3 , net sand reserve>60x 104m3 . The Material taking quantity is 65.34x10 4 m3 5.1.2 Ecologic environment Zhuangjiachong soil Stock Yard, about 8Km from the dam, is located on the bulten at the left bank of the dam site, vegetation of which includes three types such as fruit trees, arbor trees for timber and hassock. Vegetation coverage is about 60%. Gravel aggregates: Fenhuangtian Stock Yard, located at Fenhuangtian near the dam site, is an old stone material ground that has been quarried for many years and 1Km from the upstream of the dam site. The most of it has been quarried to the hill top and the original ecology has completely been destroyed with the gentle topography. Longmentan Stock Yard is located at the downstream that is about 8Km from the dam site with 105 convenient water and land transportation. Gravel aggregates basically distribute in the riverbed of the normal seasons. Maan Hill Stock Yard, located at Maan Hill that is 3-4Km from the downstream of the dam sit, is the main stone supply base of Xiangfan City. 5.1.3 Air environment Mining, crushing and transport of stones will produce dusts. According to the field monitoring of the Youjiang Naji stone yard of Guangxi, the contents of total suspended substances in the three days of July 5-7 of 2002 were respectively 4.78mg/m 3, 4.69mg/m3 and 4.92mg/m 3, showing daily average value of 4.80mg/m3 that was 9.6 times of the limit value of Grade III standards for daily average value. This indicates that the air environment of the mining area has been polluted. Borrowing of the soil sock yard doesn't need the dust-producing working such as crushing. Thus quality of its air environment shall be better than that of the stone sock yard. 5.1.4 Acoustic Environment Noise sources of the stone quarry are from stone crushing, rock blasting and transporting vehicles. These noises are discontinuous, which will have certain impacts on the neighboring environment, especially by the blasting noise of blasting. 5.1.5 Solid Wastes The stone quarry is an old mine. There are a lot of waste stones and earth stacked around the site, thus affecting the regional environment. 5.2 Analysis of the Environmental Impacts by Development of Material Source fields 5.2.1 Impacts on Ecological Environment and Landscape Stone mining will be undertaken in the existing quarry. Due to large requirement of stonework, the mining will exploit deep into the mountain, which will cause greater damage and add to the ecological pressure of the quarry. Mining of the areas designated for earth removal will damage the original vegetation in that there will be much exposed earth. In this case, rainfall will cause soil erosion, thus affecting the neighboring environment. The impacts on landscape are generally described as a damage, i.e. the existing scenery will be destroyed. The previous complete mountain body and earth hill will be segmented into patches that are impossible to form a harmony with the neighboring scenes. Such damage done to the rocky scenes are unrecoverable and permanent. While the areas designated for earth removal 106 may be recovered as soon as the construction is over, of which, the impact is short. 5.2.2 Impacts of Stone Mining on Air Environment The impacts of stone mining on the air environment are mainly from TSP. The range of impacts by stone crushing is 300m from the crushing point. The dusts produced due to rock blasting are affecting a range of 200-300m, while not affecting the air environment of other districts. There are no residential areas within the range of 300m in Xiejia Mountain quarry, Ma'an Mountain quarry and Fenghuang Shoal quarry. Stone mining and crushing will not affect the air environmental quality of the residential area. 5.2.3 Analysis of Noise Impacts The range of impacts by the noises produced by the equipment for stone & earth mining shall be limited to 200-300m where no residential area is identified. The explosive blast affects large range of 1OOOm where people will be influenced to different extents. However, such impacts shall be limited and will not hurt people's health. 5.2.4 Impacts on Water Environment The impacts on water environment are from sand mining, which shall be conducted in the shoals and water channels of the Han River. During the process of exploitation, there will cause SS pollution to the water body to the range of 1OOOm in the lower reaches of the site. It is known that there is no water taking points in this area, and so the impacts shall not be serious. 5.2.5 Impacts of Solid Wastes on Environment Mining of the material sources will produce great quantity of solid wastes, which will impact the environment if not properly disposed, especially the solid wastes produced by the stone quarry that contain lots of stone chips and slices. It will seriously affect the quality of farmland if these stones enter farmland. 5.3 Analysis of Environmental Impacts of Materials Transport Fenhuangtian Stock Yard is only lKm from the dam site has no highway directly to Stock Yard. The aggregates are shipped with 200t barge through. Thus a temporary wharf is respectively built at the left and the right banks of the dam, which are equipped with the belt conveyers. The wharfs have the simple facilities and small scale civil work, construction of which is limited on environment impact. Longmentan Stock Yard is located at the downstream of 8Km and can directly connects to the dani site through National Highway 207, which has the condition of land transportation. The materials can transported to the dam site through land route. Soil Stock Yard is located at Zhuangjiachong Soil Stock Yard of the northwest hillside of 107 Tuanshan Hill at the left bank of the dam site. Zhuangjiachong Soil Stock is about 8.0Km from the dam site and the soil materials are transported to the dam site with trucks through land route. The distances for transport of stone and earth materials are relatively short. The influences arising from such are the vehicle noises, vibration and discharged waste gas and cover the range of 100m. Fallingout of the materials will also have adverse influences on the environment. Long distance transport of sand and construction materials will add to the loads of transportation trunks and environmental load, but such impacts shall be limited. The vehicle used for long-distance transport are not many. Only several trucks are used every day, from which, the impacts on transportation trunks shall be little. Deposit site is arranged at the high shoal at upstream of the earth dam at the left bank. The impacts of transport of wastes on the environment shall be limited to the range of 200m from the road in which there are no sensitive spots. Main pollutants are dust and noise. In addition, the waste ground may cause water erosion and affect the neighboring places if not properly treated. 108 6.0 ANALYSIS OF IMPACTS OF IMPROVED NAVIGATION CONDITIONS ON ENVIRONMENT 6.1 Existing Navigation Conditions in the Han River The Han River is the longest bayou of Changjiang River in Hubei Province. It originates from Ninqiang County of Shaanxi Province and'its main stream enters Hubei from Baihe County via Hanzhong and Ankang of South Shaanxi. Then it flows into Changjiang River in the downtown of Wuhan City via the cities and prefectures of Hubei such as Shiyan, Xiangfan, Jingmen, Tianmen, Qianjiang, Xiantao and Xiaogan. The main river of Han River is 1,567Km long with total water head of 1,964m. The section of Han River from Yangxian of Shaanxi Province is of navigation and all navigation mileage is 1,313Km of which 858Km river section in Hubei can ship all the year. The Han River can be divided into three typical river sections according to the characteristics of the river valley. 918Km river section of the upstream of Danjiangkou is the upper reach and belongs to the river in the mountains with average gradient of 6x 10-4, which is characterized by many beaches and rushing current. The riverbed is subject to cobbles and local section is of stone. 270Km river section from Danjiangkou to Zhongxiang is the middle reach, which flows through hills, valleys and basins and has the features of many beaches, shallow water and instable riverbed with average gradient of 2XI0-4 . 379Km river section below Zhongxiang is the lower reach of Han River. In this section, the dikes are built on the side banks with the sandy riverbed. The river width gradually gets narrower and belongs to single zigzagging riverbed with the average gradient of . The section below Yuekou is often locked-up by flood of Changjiang River, which impacts flood discharging to more extent. During "Eighth-Five-year Plan", navigation construction of Han River was quickened. Shaanxi Province dredged 164Km navigable pass in the mountains from Ankang to Baihe in the upper reach of Han River. Through dredging, the navigable pass conditions were greater improved and reached the standard of class VI navigable pass. From 1989 to 1996, Hubei province completed the Stage I Dredging Project of 532Km navigable pass in the middle and lower reach of Han River from Xiangfan to Hankou, of which 153Km wandering river from Xiangfan to Huangzhuang was stressed on dredging. Through dredging, the navigable pass conditions were greater improved and basically reached the standard of class IV navigable pass. In addition, Xiangfan Yujiahu Port with annual coal-loading capacity of and 500 X 104 t and Han River microwave communication project were completed. At present, dredging project of Class IV navigable pass of 117Km section from Danjiangkou to Xiangfan and Class III navigable pass of 33Km river mouth section of Han River from Caidian to Hankou has been started construction. For main river of Han River, 1,313Km river section below Yangxian of Shannxi is the nagigation section,of which navigation conditions in sections of 858Km sectionn of from Baihe to river mouth in Hube are shown Table 6.1-1. 109 Table 6.1-1 Revetment length of the middle reaches and lower reach of the Han River (Within Hubei) River section Section length (km) Revetment length Percentage to river (km) section length (%) Danjiangkou. - 117 29.05 12.4 Xiangfan Xiangfan - 153 84.68 27.7 Huangzhuang Huangzhuang - Zekou 140 41.7 14.9 Zekou - Hekou 239 111.8 23.4 Total 267.23 The original revetment of Xiangfan to Huangzhuang section is Remarks 52.6km, the regularization project has increased 32.08km long revetment. 6.2 Outline of Navigation Improvement Project in the Han River 6.2.1 Outline introduction to planning and development of the Han River Water resource authority and Changjiang River Water Rresources Commission (hereinafter referred to Changjiang River Commission ) carried out several planning to Han River bbasin from 1950s.In 1956 an d1958, Changjiang River Commission separately completed Outline Report of Han River Basin Palnniing and Abstact of Han River Basin Palnniing Report. In 1988, Beijing Survey & Design Academy of Ministry of Water Resources completed Cascade Development Planning Report of Han River Upper Reach (Huangjin Gorge to Jiangjun River). In 1993, Changjiang River Commission completed Planning Report on River Comprehensive Utilization of Main River of Han River below Jia River. The objective of 16 cascades canalization scheme of Han River proposed by water resource authority is gradually executed through construction of the Hydraulic Complex es such as Danjiangkou, Shiquan, Ankang and Wangpuzhou. Communication authority also streses on development of Han River navigation. In 1984, Department of Communication of Hubei and Shannxi jointly prepared Planning Report of Han River Navigation. lin 1992 and 2003, the planning were successfully made .up and revised for twice. From 1984 to 1988, the Governments of China and Germany (West Germany) cooperatively completed Feasibility Pre-research Report of Construction of Han River Navigation. The above plannings put forward that the engineering measures such as dredging, scouring and reef explosion in Han River in the recent period to improve the navigable pass and raise the nagivation class. For a specified future date, cascade canalization and aiding Han river with water from Changjiang River will be realized with combination of water resourcs constructuin to make Wuhan -Danjiangkou section, Danjiangkou -Ankang section and Ankang-Yangxian section separately reach standards of ClassIll, IV and V navigable pass. Perspectibve development objiectives of Han River has been listed in Water Resourcs Comprehensive Utilization Planning Report of Changjiang River Basin. Written Reply about 110 Technical Class of Inland River Navigable Pass [1998]659 by Ministry of Communication, Ministry of Water Resources and state Commission of Economy and Trade approved the recent and far constructionstandard of Han River. Main river of Han River is planned the cascade canalization scheme in Hubei Province. The communication authority and Ministry of Water Resources are unanimous on the - scheme,which are, cascades, i.e Gushan - Danjiangkou - Wangpuzhou - Xinji Cuijiaying -Yakou-Lianoan Mount-Huajiawanr-Xinlong. Main factors of Cascade planning of Han River in Hubei Province are shown in Table 6.2- 1. to Table 6.2-1 Main factors of planned cascades in the section of Han River from Baihe river mouth Complex Distance from Normal storage Installed No. ple river mouth level capacity Remarks name (Km) (Wusong m) (X 104kw) 1 Gushan 834 181 16 in the bracket is factor of 2 Danjiangkou 649 157(170) 94 Numberthe later stage scale. 3 Wangpuzhou 618.1 88 10.9 4 Xinji 559.3 78 18.0 5 Cuijiaying 506.8 64.5 8.8 6 Yakou 450.7 57 9.0 is for 7 Lianoan 397.1 51 25.0 18.0 Number in the bracket Mount (8) riverbed-type scheme. 8 Huajiawan 341.5 42 9 Xinlong 270.6 36.5 Note: This table is abstracted from Special Report of South-North Water Transfer Planning of December 1995 by Changjiang River Commission. 6.2.2 Realization of planning objectives to The Han River is one of main waterway for inland water shipping in China. According Waterway Strategic Objectives of Three Stages on Development of Highway and be Transportation by Ministry of Communication, the planning objectives will all-roundly guarantee realized in 2020 and all line canalization of Han River will be realized. In order to of smoothly realizing the planning objectives of main shipping channels, Department in the Communication of Hubei Province revised the planning report of Han River navigation be executed river system of Changjiang River between 2002-2003. The projects necessary to must be and completed for realizing the recent and future objectives in the Han River planning made the primary execution arrangement with regardless of their investment channels. 6.2.2.1 Construction plan during "Tenth Five-year Plan" navigable pass (1) Navigable pass dredging: Dredging and maintenance project of Class VI 111 from Baihe to river mouth of Shending River, Class IV navigable pass from Danjiangkou to Xiangfan (have commenced), Class IV navigable pass from Huangzhuang to Xincheng, Class III navigable pass from Caidian to the river mouth (have commenced), Class IV navigable pass maintenance project of section from Xiangfan to Huangzhuang. (2) Canalization cascade: With combination of construction of South-North Water Transfer Intermediate Line Stage I Project, carry out the continuous construction of Danjiangkou Hydraulic Complex and Xinlong Hydraulic Complex. 6.2.2.2 Construction plan during "Eleventh Five-year Plan" (1) Navigable pass dredging: dredging of Class III navigable pass from Xinlong to Caidian, South-North Water Transfer Intermediate Line Stage I Project, dredging of local navigable pass in the middle and lower reach of Han River (2) Canalization cascade: construction of Cuijiaying Hydropower-Navigation Complex and Gushan Hydraulic Complex 6.2.2.3 Construction plan during "Twelfth Five-year Plan" (1) Navigable pass dredging: Dredging of varying backwater zones of all cascades from Baihe to Xinlong and the non-linking sections of all cascades, dredging standard: section above Danjiangkou is of Class IV and section below Danjiangkou is of Class III. (2) Canalization cascade: Complete construction of four cascades such as Xinji, Yakou, Lianoan Mount and Huajiawan and extending of Wangpuzhou ship-passing-through (1,OOOt level) facility in coordination with the local governments and other authorities. Through the above engineering measures of canalization and dredging, with combination of project of Aiding Han River with Water from Changjiang River of South-North Water Transfer Intermediate Line Stage I Project, make the whole line of Han River reach the perspective planning objectives, i.e. section from Baihe to Danjiangkou reaches the standard of Class IV navigable pass and section from Danjiangkou to the river mouth reaches the standard of Class III navigable pass to realize the requirements of Ministry of Communication on completion of main shipping channels before 2020and guarantee smoothly realizing planning objectives of main shipping channels. 6.2.3 Relations of Cuijiaying Hydropower Complex and Han River planning The Han River Cuijiaying Hydropower-Navigation Complex is the important component of cascade development of Han River. In all plannings of authority of water resources and communication authority, Cuijiaying Hydropower Complex is listed in Development projects in the section of the middle reach of Han River and is the fifth cascade of nine cascades in Hubei. In Feasibility Pre-researchReport of Construction of Han River Navigation completed cooperatively by communication authorities of China and Germany (West Germany) in 1987, 112 it is suggested that Xun River and Xi River in Shannxi Province and Cuijiaying Hydropower Complex in Hubei Province should be taken as stage I project of the cascade development except Wangpuzhou. Deepened Research of Ministry of Communication on Layout Planning of Main Waterway for Shipping defines Xunyang, Shu River, Jia River, Gushan and Cuijiaying Hydropower Complex as the construction keys between. Thus Cuijiaying Hydropower-Navigation Complex of Han River is an indispensable link to development of whole Han River, execution of which is consistent with the planning objectives. Its execution not only is in favor of navigation but also has the functions of comprehensive utilization such as generating power, irrigation, breeding, and developing tourism. In addition, it is in favor of relieving ecologic environment impact of Xiangfan section of Han River caused by executioon of Intermediate Line Project of South-North Water Transfer. Construction of Cuijiaying Hydropower-Navigation Complex must create conditions for overall realization of cascade canalization of Han River.Thus it shall pay close attention to be researched and executed. 6.3 Relation between Cuijiaying Hydropower Complex and South-North Water Transfer Intermediate Line Project In order to relieve the water shortage conditions of North China that is getting worse day by day, research of South-North Water Transfer was performed from 1950s and the Intermediate Line Project is its important component. For recent planning, water is led from Danjiangkou Reservoir in Han River, via the canals dug on the plain behind Funiu Mountains and Taihang Mountains, to Beijing and Tianjin. For the perspective planning, water is led from Three Gorges Reservoir of Changjiang River or main river below to increase the water-transferring volume, purpose of which is to solve problem of dryness of the North, especially long-term water shortage in Beijing, Tianjin and North China. 8 3 Water-transferring scale of Intermediate Line Project: Stage I project will transfer 95 X 10 m 8 3 water ( completed before 2010) and Stage II project will transferl30 X 10 m water-transferring. Stage I project mainly consists of water source works, water delivery works (including adjustment and storage works) and re-construction project of the middle reach of Han River (Xinlong Hydraulic Complex, aiding Han River with water from Changjiang River, reconstruction and extending of partial diversion gates and stations along the banks and dredging of local navigable pass). 6.4 Environment impact of South-North Water Transfer Intermediate Line Project on Xiangfan section of Han River Xiangfan located at the upper and middle reach of Han River is the weak-ecology sensitive regions impacted directly by South-North Water Transfer Intermediate Line Project. According to the research results of the communication authority for many years and the report of Ecologic Environment Impact of South-North Water Transfer Intermediate Line Project to Xiangfa77 City at the Middle reach of Han River and Countermeasure Research by Huazhong University of Science and Technology in November 2002, its adverse impact mainly shows the 113 following aspects: 6.4.1 Impact to water regime It will impact the water regime of the Han River middle and lower reach that Danjiangkou dam is heightened to transfer 95 X 108m3 water. Danjiangkou Reservoir will decrease by 25% of water-release volumes to reduce the flowrate of flood peak and be in favor of flood-control of the middle and lower reach. After water-transferring, flowrate of the Han River middle and lower reach will increase in the low-water seasons but increase extent is little, taking Xiangyang Station as an example, only increase by 8.4%. But the low-water season will be longer and normal-water time well be sharply shorten. In the statistics, low-water season below 800m 3/s flowrate will increase to 10.1 months from current average 4.4 months for many years to make low-water season become the main water season of a year; nornal-water season with 800- 1800 m3 /s flowrate will decrease to 0.8 month from current 6.7 month. After water-transferring, average water level of Huangjiangang for many years will fall 0.29- 0.45m and Xiangfan will fall 0.31-0.51m. 6.4.2 Impact to navigable pass and navigation After water-transferring, flowrate of the Han River middle and lower reach will increase in the low-water seasons and days when the specially-low water flowrate appears will decrease. These changes will be in favor of Han River navigation. However, after water-transferring, Danjiangkou Reservoir will decrease the water release volumes. Change of flowrate process and sharp decrease of normal-water days must produce a certain impact to Han River navigation. In the current conditions of large normal-water flowrate and long normal-water time in Xiangfan section of Han River, water depth of the shallow can all keep above 1.1 '-1.8m and 100-200-grade ships can navigates in the river section above Xiangfan all the year and 5OOt-grade ships can navigates in the river section below Xiangfan. After water-transferring, water release flowrate of the Reservoir will rapidly fall from high-water to low water. Such process change will go against completion of evolutionary process of fall rushing navigation channel to increase obstructing navigation level of the shallow. 200t-grade barge (draft ofl .2m) that can navigate at present can sail for 175, but after water-transferring, only for 47 days a year. Guarantee rate will fall to 13%. According to navigation classes, 200t-grade barge that can navigate at present will change into 50t-grade barge after water-transferring. After water-transferring, fall extent of dredging flowrate will be large. At present, accepted value of navigable pass dredging project of Han River middle reach is 1250-1400m3/s. After water-transferring, it will decrease to about 600m3 /s. Decrease of dredging flowrate must weaken the effect of the existing projects. Impact produced after water-transferring will better be removed through secondary dredge, i.e. extending and densifying spur dikes and lessening 114 width of dredge line, etc. The research shows if the navigable pass dredging project can't be carried out before water-transferring and the better navigation channels are better made by means of the favorite normal-water forming riverbed chance before water-transferring, that one-pass dredge project want to reach the standard of 500t level navigable pass will not only greatly construction quantity and the project investment but also lessen bed-building function of the shallow because dredge flowrate will decreases after water-transferring, compared with the secondary dredge. In addition, difficulties of the dredge project will increase and the effect will get worse. This has been proven in the physic model test by Tianjin Water Resources Science Research institute of Ministry of Communication. It makes the period of good navigation benefits greatly shorten that normal-water days sharply increase so that making use of navigation benefits will be impacted. When there is much water in the river channel with great water depth, the waterway is unblocking, tonnage of the navigable ships is large and the operation efficiency is high. After water-transferring, this god condition will almost completely disappear and change into long-term low-water seasons with poor navigable pass condition. Thus it has greater impact to the operation benefits of the shipping enterprises. It makes the shipping enterprises face bankruptcy and change of business that lots of materials are changed into land transportation from shipping. The infrastructure conditions of Han River ports are poorer and many ports are more sensitive to the conditions impacting berth and handling of ships due to lower water level. After water-transferring, normal-water flowrate time will greatly shorten and the low-water days will increase. This means that the longer normal-water period at present will become the low-water seasons with lower water level after water-transferring. With the factors that clean water in Reservoir releases and the riverbed continues to cut deeply which must cause the water level falls in the low-water flowrate. handling conditions of the ports must be impacted. Impact to other shipping organizations (such as ship launching slide way of the shipyard) is similar to that to the ports. 6.4.3 Impact to water supply of urban and rural regions and irrigation After water-transferring of the intermediate line, impact to water supply of urban and rural regions and irrigation will very large. It directly impact living water of the urban anid rural residents and the water for agricultural production that takes Han River as water source and water for the livestock. Because water level of the ground water and underground water falls, difficult water catching of plenty of the pump stations and motor-pumped well will be caused to cause upgrading and reconstruction of many water supply facilities and increase of water catching cost, impact of which is continuous. 6.4.4 Impact to capacity of water environment 8 3 According to calculation, after water-transferring of 95 X 10 m , capacity of water environrment 115 in Xiangfan section of Han River will lose about 27% in the non-change conditions of pollution load according to the average flowrate for many years. Lost allowable discharge quantity of main pollutant COD is 2.78 X 104t/a after water-transferring, which will cause the bearing capacity of water resources in Xiangfan section of Han River with the great impact. 6.4.5 Impact to underground water level After water-transferring, it will cause the lower underground water level of the side banks that the water level of Han River the middle and lower reach will fall 0.6-1 .Om. In addition, it will cause increase of water catching quantity of underground water. Taking Xiangfan region as n example, the research shows when precipitation doesn't change, underground water level at the floodplain in the side banks of Han River will correspondingly change 0.81m if ground water level changes Im. In the second bottom near Han River, it will correspondingly change 0.79m; in the scope of third terrace that is farther from Han River, it will correspondingly change 0.42m. Water quality in the main river of Han River will get worse, this will cause that water quality of shallow underground water in the plain off Han River get worse. 6.4.6 Impact to hydric ecology After water-transferring, water quantity will decrease. This will cause water regime such as flowrate, water level and flow speed will change to the disadvantageous direction. In addition, concentration of water pollutants will increase to make quality of water environment in Xiangfan section of Han River worse and the survival environment of fishes face different levels of destruction. 6.4.7 Impact to dikes Impact of water-transferring to the dikes of Han River mainly includes the following three aspects: Firstly variable river regime formed after water-transferring make the key positions of the dikes transfer; secondly because water level falls after water-transferring, the bank foundation by the river as the dike foundation is in flow change area and east to be washed and undercut to cause long-term exposal of riverbank footing, which makes flood control more passive; thirdly after washing and undercutting for long term, the footing of the dike slope protection slides downward and moves to prick up collapse of the bank slope along the river and threaten safety of the dikes. 6.4.8 Ecologic risks of water-transferring to Xiangfan Xiangfan is the driest regions of Hubei Province and annual average precipitation is equal to only 45% of that of Southwest Hubei whose precipitation is larger. The evaporative factor (ratio of evaporative quantity and precipitation) is up to 1.63. Probability of special dryness, dryness and unilateral dryness is 0.42. In addition, precipitation distribution in time and space is extremely uneven and unbalance probability of annual rainfall time is 0.128. This cause the natural crisis probability of Xiangfan water resources ids up to 0.494. In 1990s, drought of Xiangfan evidently becomes worse. Various signs show natural risks of Xiangfan water 116 resource quantity show the tendency of enlarging. Result of analysis of Danjiangkou water supply region that borders upon Xiangfan has the similar weather with Xiangfan and dry characteristics of north water receive regions shows dryness development of the water supply region is more outstanding than the water receive regions for recent 200 years. The ratio of the which the water supply region and the water receive regions meet drought at the same time is 27.4%, and about 1/2-1/3 of drought in the region drought occurring period is of the continuous drought and the longest lasting time was up to as long as eight years. Through analysis of drought and flood situations of the water supply region and the water receive regions, occurring probability of drought in the water supply region and the water receive regions at the same time, even large area of drought is 16.9%, plus the normal drought conditions of the water supply region after water-transferring, which makes occurring probability rise by 23%. This means that water-transferring fro the intermediate line makes Xiangfan City face the great ecologic risk. 6.5 Favorite influence of Cuijiaying Hydropower Complex to Han River From the viewpoint of comprehensive benefits, construction of Cuijiaying Hydropower-Navigation Complex Project can effectively relieve the impact of South-North Water Transfer to navigation, irrigation, urban water supply and fishery in Xiangfan section of Han River and improve the bearing capacity of water resources to make the loss of Xiangfan caused by South-North Water Transfer Project minimize. 6.5.1 Cuijiaying Hydropower Complex can effectively remove impact of water-transferring to navigation of Xiangfan section and improve trafficability of the navigation Cuijiaying Hydropower Complex can effectively remove impact of decrease of water release flowrate from Danjiangkou Reservoir after water-transferring, shorter normal-water time, lower water level and flowrate process change to navigation. The normal storage water level of Cuijiaying Hydropower Complex is 63.23m(Huang Sea Elevation) with reservoir backwater of 34Km. Four beach groups will be submerged. After the project is completed, the water level behind the dam will rise and significantly improve the navigable pass and port conditions of Xiangfan river section to make the navigation class of this river section reach 1OOOt-class navigable pass and reach the requirements of the main waterway planning objectives in inland river shipping by Ministry of Communication in advance. 6.5.2 Cuijiaying Hydropower Complex can effectively relieve impact of water-transferring to irrigation and town water catching of Xiangfan Tangdong region of Xiangfan has the higher development and utilization level of the surface runoff. Because of larger gap of total water resource quantity, water shortage mainly is the problem of resource instead of the engineering problem. There are two types of schemes to solve the problems of water shortage of Tangdong region: The first is to diverse water from 117 Reservoir for supplementing (extending Danjiangkou Diversion Irrigation Channel and new building Stage II project of Danjiangkou Diversion Irrigation Channel); the second is to Han River Diversion Scheme. Because the water diversion route is overlong and the water level is not enough with great construction difficulty and large investment, the first scheme is difficult to realize. The second scheme is to rise the water level of Han River to overcome the difficulty of that Tang river has insufficient water resource and low water level not to reach the pump operation requirements of the pump station. Construction of Cuijiaying Hydraulic Complex will make water level of Han River rise to the water catching port of Dagangpo Pump Station to meet the requirements of water catching water level of Dagangpo Pump Station The planned Cuijiaying Hydropower Complex has the recommended normal storage water level of 63.23m(Huang Sea Elevation, same as the water catching water level of Dagangpo Pump Station). After Cuijiaying Hydropower Complex is completed, the backwater will reach Dagangpo Pump Station through Bai River that is tributary o f Tang River and its requirements of the water catching water level and the flowrate can be met. After the reservoir impounds, it can make up the water source for the existing Dagangpo Pump Station for recent time and perform the water compensation project for the expanding of Dagangpo Pump Station with making use of the favorite conditions of Dagangpo Pump Station for future time to improve the utilization factor of water resources and the ecologic environment of agriculture of Tangdong irrigated area so that the ecologic risk of Xiangfan City caused by water-transferring is lessened. According to calculation, after Cuijiaying Hydropower Complex is completed and impounded, water guarantee rate of Tangdong irrigated area can rise by about 75%, and total bailing quantity of Dagangpo Pump Station will reach 4.41 X 108m3 to increase 2.1 X 108M3. In coordination of measures of management and dispatching, irrigation problem of 177 x 104 farm land in Tangdong region can be solved. Construction of Cuijiaying Hydropower Complex can improve the bearing capacity of the water resource environment and relieve the ecologic risk of Xiangfan City. Water-transferring will make the water level of the main river of Han River fall. In addition, the water level of the underground water in the second bottom and the second terrace falls. This impacts water pumping of the agricultural pump stations and the motor-pumped wells along the bank. Cuijiaying Project can make up this loss in the scope of the reservoir area of the main river. Cuijiaying Project can also improve the water catching conditions of the town water supply in the reservoir area to make the partial water supply pump stations and the motor-pumped wells needed to reconstruct after water-transferring needn't spend a lot of funds to perform reconstruction. 6.5.3 Cuijiaying Hydropower Complex can relieve impact of water-transferring to hydric ecology of Xiangfan section to a certain extent. After the hydropower complex is completed, the original natural riverway will become a long and narrow man-made lake. The organic materials and nutrition minerals will be easy to stay in the reservoir and the water in the reservoir will be properly eutrophic, which is in favor of 118 propagating and growth of food organisms and fishes. After the dam is completed, the water level will become higher and the water area will be larger, which will create the good conditions for developing the fishery and provide the employment chances. This can relive the adverse effect of water-transferring to aquatic organism species resources and the fishery of Xiangfan. 119 7.0 EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENT IMPACT OF ROAD ACCESS TO THE DAM 7.1 Outline Introduction to Environment of Road Access to the Dam According to the construction organization engineering, based on utilizing the existing roads, a 1.8Km-long trunk in the site at the left bank and two trunks with total length of 3.2Km in the site at the right bank wail be built to connect to all construction points with combination of the permanent traffic facilities. Their total length is 5.0Km. According to Feasibility Research Rapport of Han River Cuijiaying Hydropower-Navigation Complex Project, the highway bridge will be built on the upper stoplock, which is the steel lifting bridge, which is only 26m long with the deck width of 6m. It will connect to the highway on the dam top. A 30m-long connecting line will be built at the left of the upper stoplock to connect to the road to the dam. Highway on the dam is designed for the internal use in the dam area and not for the external vehicles. Road access to the dam closely adjoins National Highway 207. The buildings between National Highway 207 and the bank of Han River have completely been pulled out and there is no sensitive target in the scope of 200m. 7.2 Impact of road recovery construction in the reservoir area to environment 7.2.1 Traffic recovery planning of the reservoir area (1) Highway When normal storage water level of Cuijiaying Hydropower Complex is 63.23m, reservoir area of Cuijiaying Hydropower Complex the will submerge 2.6Km road, of which substandard highway is 0.6Km and tractor road is 2.0Km. (2) Bridges When normal storage water level of Cuijiaying Hydropower Complex is 63.23m, reservoir area of Cuijiaying Hydropower Complex the will not involve in and submerge the impacted bridges. 7.2.2 Analysis of impact of road recovery construction in the reservoir area to environment Highway recovery construction of the reservoir area included the substandard highway and the tractor road, which has the smaller construction scale and construction quantity with short construction period and a few construction persons. Thus construction resident quarter needn't be constructed and a few construction machines are used. Impact of construction period to environment mainly shows the following aspects: (1) Impact to waster quality 120 Soil erosion caused by excavation of the highway construction will produce impact to water body near construction area. Main water body impacted is water for irrigating farm field and the drinking water of the residents will not be impacted. The drinking water of the residents is from underground water. (2) Impact to the environment air Impact to the environment air is mainly in the construction area from dust pollution materials and the earthwork. However, because the construction period is shorter, impact time and scope isn't large. (3) Impact to acoustic environment Impact to acoustic environment is mainly from noise of construction machines and the impact scope is within 300m from construction point. (4) Impact to ecologic environment The risen road section and the newly-built road section all need more filling and excavation. In the process of excavation, filling, borrowing and wasting will destroy the vegetation in the construction area and produce soil erosion. Because the area needing highway recovery construction is in the micro-hill region, the most of the destroyed vegetation is agricultural vegetation without impacting the forest land. In addition, the planed highway of recovery construction has no high-filling and deep excavation section, thus impact of produced soil erosion isn't large. 121 8.0 ASSESSMENT ON INFLUENCE OF SOIL EROSION ON ENVIRONMENT 8.1 Status Quo of Soil Erosion and Water and Soil Conservation This project is located at Xiangfan City of Hubei Province, according to principle of EZF (2000) No. 47 Announcement on dividing major harnessing area of soil erosion of Hubei Province issued by Hubei Province government in August 2000, this project is located at major harnessing area of soil erosion of middle reach of Hanjiang River of harnessing areas of soil erosion of "8 Major" divided by Hubei Province. The permissible value of soil erosion of location area of project is 500t/Km 2 a. This project is located at juncture of Fiangcheng District and Xiangyang District of Xiangyang City, the project involves smaller scope, and mainly bank terrace, therefore, we adopt the method of detailed exploration on the spot to investigate the actuality of soil erosion of project area, according to investigation of left bank of Pivot area of this project and Fenghuangtan beach area in central river, the soil erosion is mainly mired erosion, and only a few slight erosion in bank slope; bank slope of right bank is relatively steeper, moderate erosion, and the surface relief of terrace is gently, mainly mired erosion; the earth material field is located at gentle woodland, soil erosion is slight erosion; the rock material field is grass brushland, steeper slope, moderate erosion. In general, the state of water and soil conservation of project area is relative better, and primary soil erosion is few. 8.2 Forecasting of Soil Erosion 8.2.1 Characteristics of soil erosion 8.2.1.1 Division of forecasting period According to Specifications of water and soil conservation scheme of development of construction project (SL204-98) (hereinafter abbreviated as Specifications of water and soil conservation), the forecasting of soil erosion should be carried out according to two periods of capital construction period and production run period. This project belongs to project of construction kind, it is only by the book to carry out the forecasting of soil erosion of construction period, according to construction design, the construction period of this Pivot project is 57 months, therefore, this total forecasting period is 57 months. According to construction design, it can be seen, the construction time of each construction area of this project is different, therefore, according to their construction progress, it is to arrange and determine the forecasting time interval and forecasting period of each project area. 8.2.1.2 Forecasting of disturbed earth surface area The forecasting of disturbed original landform, damaged earth and area of ground cover during construction is main composition of forecasting of soil erosion. In the harnessing course of water and soil conservation, the statistics of disturbed earth surface area are related with plan in 122 the harnessing course of water and soil conservation, harnessing and investment etc. The new project of soil erosion caused during construction mainly consist of construction of principal part of project, excavation of material yard, land occupation of spoil and waste slag as well as piling up of waste etc. According to chapters of construction design, reservoir inundation treatment and takeover of land for dam area in Feasibilitystudy report, the takeover of land of this project involves land kinds of paddy field, dry land, fish pound, woodland, house sites, grass brushland, overflow land and natural water table etc, total takeover of land 2 for construction area of project is 433.50ha (21.19Km zone of reservoir inundation is not calculated), in which, permanent takeover of land (including takeover of land for hydraulic structure, earth dam, open diversion channel and management zone) 172.18ha, take 39.7%; temporary takeover of land (including traversal cofferdam, longitudinal cofferdam, auxiliary facilities for construction, temporary office and living zone, earth material field, sand and gravel material field, construction road and excavation waste dump) 261.32ha. During construction of project, original landform of a majority of area within range of takeover of land for project will be destroyed in different extent by excavation disturbance, rolling, occupation and press etc, and its original functions of water conservation and soil conservation will be decreased. According to construction design, combined with investigation at site, as for total disturbance within scope of takeover of land during construction of this project, total disturbed earth surface area of this project is 433.50ha, in which, Panggong Street Office of Xiangcheng District 49.70ha and Dongjin Town of Xiangyang District 383.80ha. 8.2.1.3 Waste soil, waste slag and their distribution According to design of Pivot, excavation of project: foundation excavation of permanent building, excavation of open diversion channel, exploitation of material yard and etc. The excavation materials of foundation are mainly powder fine sand, sand loam and riverbed sand and gravel. 4 3 Foundation excavation of permanent building of Pivot project 330.80X 10 m , excavation of 4 3 temporary works 963.41 X 104m3, total excavation earthwork 1294.21 X 10 m . backfilling of project 197.04 X 104m3 (compaction earthwork), total waste earthwork caused by project 1016.33 X 104m3. In which, 937.25 X 104m3 is piled up centrally in excavation waste dump of left bank; 79.08 X 04m3 waste slag caused by exploitation of material yard will be used for land leveling of excavation surface then and there. The waste slag is mainly from excavation of permanent works and open diversion channel. The balance of earthwork refers to Table 2.5-3. 8.2.2 Forecasting of soil erosion amount The water and soil conservation of developing construction project is a new problem of study, the forecasting theory and logistic model of soil erosion is not set up yet, and the error of operation occurs easily. In order to guarantee the dependability of forecasting results, we adopt the methods of characterization combined with quantification, for forecasting of that soil 123 erosion may occur, according to different area of soil erosion, on the basis of investigation and analysis for analog project, apply analog method for forecasting, apply the methods of field investigation combined with experts for forecasting of insufficient part; carry out the analysis and description of characterization for possible caused damage of soil erosion. The calculation formula of soil erosion of disturbed ground surface is as follows: n WI =>(F, x M, xA, xlT,) Calculation formula of efflux amount of waste slag as follows: W2 = S, x a Gross amount of soil erosion: W=W,+W2 In which: WA WI, W soil erosion amount(t); Fi erosion modulus of genetic soil of various type region (t'Km2 -a); Mi area of disturbance and destroyed original ground surface of various type region (Km2); Ai- accelerated erosion factor; Si- waste slag amount(t); A rate of efflux and waste; T1 -forecasting period(a). Through comprehensive analysis on climatic conditions, landform, soil, ground cover, soil erosion status before construction, provincial location division of water and soil conservation area and etc of construction area of project, the works of consolidating dangerous river embankment of Wuhan City is similar as this project, the annual average precipitation amount in project area of river embankment of Wuhan City is slightly more than this project, but the most direct factor to cause soil erosion no big difference on rainstorm intensity and frequency of two projects. The soil erosion amount of this project during construction is 141.32 X 104t, soil erosion amount during operation 0.5632 million t, and gross amount of soil erosion of forecasting period 197.64X 104tX 8.3 Preventive and Treatment Scheme for Soil Erosion 8.3.1 Basis, Principle and Target for the Compilation of Scheme 8.3.1.1 Basis for compilation (1) Laws of the People ' Republic of Chinafor Conservation of Water and Soil, 124 (2) Regulations of the People s Republic of China Concerning Implementation of Laws for Conservation of Water and Soil,; (3) ProceduresofAdministration ConcerningSchemes of Conservation of Water and Soilfor Development Construction Projects jointly issued by Ministry of Water Resources, the State Planning Commission and the State Environmental Protection Bureau; (4) Technical Standardsfor Conservation of Water and Soil (SD238-87) issued by Ministry of Water Conservancy and Electric Power (5) Technical Standardsfor Schemes of Conservation of Water and Soil for Development Construction Projects issued by Ministry of Water Resources (SL204-98); (6) General Rules of Comprehensive Treatment Planningfor Conservation of Water and Soil (GB/T15772-1995); (7) Technical Standardsfor Comprehensive Treatment of Conservation of Water and Soil (GB/Tl6453-1996); (8) Hubei Implementation Method of the Water and Soil Conservation Law of the People k Republic of China. 8.3.1.2 The principle for compilation of scheme (1 )In consideration of the characteristics of the project construction and the actualities, it is to stick to the combination of engineering measures and plant measures, to earnestly implement the principle for conservation of water and soil of "prevention, overall planning, integrative prevention and treatment, good adaptability, enhanced management and stressed benefits", so as to minimize possible damages done to the existing landforms and avoid the hurt on the environment by soil erosion. (2) Through reasonable utilization of local land resources and based on the actual conditions of natural environment, social environment and project impacts, it is to formulate the measures for prevention and treatment that are technically feasible, economically feasible, economically reasonable and operational, thus to achieve the target of high benefits with less investment. (3) It is to stick to the principle of "three simultaneity" for construction of conservation of water and soil and the main works of the project, i.e. simultaneous design, simultaneous construction and simultaneous operation etc. It is also to stick to the principle of unified planning, stressed points and coordination between progress arrangement and project main works. (4) The schemes for conservation of water and soil shall be perfected on the basis of the engineering designs of the main works. As for design of the measures that the designs of the main works of the project have ignored, the stress must be placed to the designs, of which, the implementation shall be supervised for carrying out, thus to avoid repeated design and investment. 8.3.1.3 Target of prevention and harnessing General target of water and soil conservation scheme: prevent and control the new soil erosion caused by construction of project, under precondition of successful construction and safety of project, prevent and utilize reasonably the water and soil resources, improve the land capability, rebuild the new and better ecological environment, and specific target: 125 (1) For disturbed, occupied and pressed land caused by construction of project, it is to carry out area division and arrange reasonably the prevention and harnessing measures and performance schedule, and the harnessing rate of disturbed land is up to above 95%; (2) During construction of project, firstly, set up the prevention and harnessing measures of each slag field works, pile up centrally the waste slag caused by excavation of project in planned slag field, make the benefit of prevention and harnessing measures of project, and slag blocking rate up to above 98%; (3) After completion of project, all measures of water and soil conservation scheme of development construction zone are put into effect, the soil erosion within project area will be harnessed, harnessing level of soil erosion up to above 95%, soil and the control rate of water loss amount up to above 95%, and control ratio of soil erosion up to below 1.2; (4) After completion of project, re-cultivate earth material field, excavation waste dump and etc used for construction, arrange wholly the vegetation in non-hardening area within range of permanent takeover of land of main works, the index of ground cover recovery of construction area of project up to above 98%, percentage of coverage of wood and grass of project area up to above 25%, through greening and landscaping construction, make ecological environment quality improve obviously, and create a good production and working environment for local people. 8.3.2 Extent of responsibilities of prevention and harnessing of soil erosion Extent of responsibilities of prevention and harnessing of this project are divided into two parts of construction area of project and direct influence area. According to principle of "prevention by who develops, responsible for harnessing by who causes the soil erosion" and requirements of Specifications of water and soil conservation scheme of development of construction project (SL204-98), combined with site investigation of Feasibility study report, the Pivot buildings of construction area of project, construction road, excavation waste dump, material yard and auxiliary construction plant, take land scope used for construction as bound, general extent of responsibilities of prevention and harnessing of construction area is 433.50ha; and direct influence area is 17.23ha. Area of reservoir inundation of this Pivot project 21.19Km 2, according to field investigation, the area of inundation will take over wholly the waterside foreland, there are no rebuilding of houses and relocate within scope of inundation, therefore, which is not listed in extent of responsibilities of prevention and harnessing of soil erosion of this scheme. Total area of extent of responsibilities of prevention and harnessing of soil erosion of this project is 450.73ha. 8.3.3 Design Depth and Design Level Year According to the requirement of Technical Standards for Schemes of Conservation of Water and Soil for Development Construction Projects, the depth of scheme compilation for conservation of water and soil must be correspondent to the depth of design. Feasibility Study Report of this project has been completed, while the design of the scheme for conservation of 126 water and soil shall be at the depth of collating design, i.e. depth corresponding to the scheme design for conservation of water and soil in the period of project preliminary design. The construction period of the project is 5 years (2005-2009), so the design level year shall be 2009. 8.3.4 Measures for water and soil conservation (1) Prevention and harnessing area of main works When design of main works, according to structure design of Pivot buildings, it has been to take the corresponding measures of works protection and plant protection for slope face of excavation. It has been to take the works protection measures for inlet duct and outlet duct of ship lock, outlet sluice and etc, adopt the dry paving for slope of upper reach of earth dam of left bank, and adopt grass protection for slope of lower reach. These works protection measures and plant protection measures either protect the safety of project and protect effectively the exposed surface of soil of buildings, so as to prevent that new soil erosion occurs. (2) Prevention and harnessing area of excavation waste dump This project is located at Jianghan Plain, foundation excavation of project, after earthwork 4 3 balance utilization, finally, produce waste earthwork 937.25 X 10 m , excavation waste dump of this stage will be selected within bank of Hanjiang River of left bank, through measurement and calculation, takeover of land of excavation waste dump 184.5 Iha. The excavation waste dump is set within bank, and the slag will be piled up on ground. The excavation waste dump takes over the dry land within bank, in order to harness the slag surface of excavation waste dump, before dumping the slag, about 30cm cultivation layer of surface layer should be peeled off, which should be piled up centrally within excavation waste dump, and take temporary protection measures for preventing nutrient running out. When dumping the slag for construction, firstly utilize the waste slag along boundary line of takeover of land, refill the slag block bank at slope foot, the section of slag block bank is trapezium, top width 1.Om, average height 1.Om, and side slope 1:1. The waste slag will be leveled by tractor and rolled for 3-4 times. After ending of dumping the waste slag, re-plow uniformly the anghropic soil. Seeding the bermuda grass seeds on slope surface of piling up slag. By calculation, refill 5450m3 slag block bank, plant temporarily the 27.68ha grass on surface soil, second plowing 178.01ha. (3) Prevention and harnessing area of material yard 4 3 It can be seen according to design of project, need 22.35 X 10 m clay materials for 4 3 construction of project, riverbed sand and gravel materials 76.89 X 10 m (Note: the soil materials in this place is compaction earthwork, and sand and gravel materials are net dosage). 127 (o Zhuangjiachong clay material field The material field is located at slope foot of hillside, in order to prevent the influence of rainwater of slope surface on material field, before exploitation of material field, excavate the periphery intercepting ditch and discharge ditch along bound of takeover of land, the discharge ditch is trapezoidal section, bottom width 30cm, height 30cm, side slope ratio 1:1, the abstraction of water has been connected with near existed ditch. The upper side slope is interception ditch, and laid with cement stone masonry lining, lining thickness 30cm. It is to set the sand basin at outlet of discharge ditch, length of sand basin 4.3m, width 3.3m and depth 1.5m, the side wall is trapezoidal section, and laid with cement stone masonry, top width 40cm, bottom width 80cm, and landside slope 1:0.5. The water flows through sand basin, after settled, discharged to near existed ditch, during construction, it should be to arrange the special person to manage and dredge timely. At the same time, in order to protect cropping soil of surface layer with higher crop producing power, take the recovery measures to carry out second plowing and etc for earth material field, it should be to peel off cropping soil of surface layer of earth material field, peeling thickness about 15cm, the surface soil within earth material field will be pile up centrally in temporary stock yard, the side slope of mound will be controlled within about 1:2, the mound height will be controlled within about 2.0m, the surface is tamped and seeded with clover seeds for protection, after completion of borrow soil, the excavation surface of earth material field will be regulated by surface soil. Initial selected exploitation depth 4.0m, and excavation of side slope smaller than 1: 4. By calculation, takeover of land of Zhuangjiachong clay material field 7.12ha, planned borrow soil 26.29 X 104m3 , it should be to peel off 2.19 X 104m3 coverage, build up 1 190m discharge ditch, and lining 404.68m 3. Second plowing 7.12ha. ( Fenghuangtan sand and gravel material field All of the natural sand and gravel materials are located at char of Hanjiang River, the upside is only covered with 0-3m powder fine sand, and landform smoothes out. After the upper coverage is cleared off by bulldozer combined with face shovel, select a type 150 diesel engine dredger for exploitation. And then transported to run of quarry material yard by tugboat sand barge. The cleared coverage will be piled up centrally in temporary yard of surface soil inside material yard, the side slope of mound is controlled within about 1:2, mound height is controlled within about 2.0m, the surface is tamped and seeded with clover seeds for protection, after completion of exploitation, return the coverage and waste to excavation face. This sand and stone material field will be submerge by water of reservoir, therefore, no need to take the planting measures. Plan to exploit 73.78 X 104m3 for project, it should be to peel off 18.45 X 104m3 coverage, the material yard will take over 12.30ha wash land. Plant temporarily 9.22ha alfalfa bur clover Lucerne. 128 ®g) Longmentan sand and gravel material field The natural sand and gravel materials are located at river alternative bar of left bank of Hanjiang River, the upside is only covered with 0-3mpowder fine sand, and landform smoothes out. After the upper coverage is cleared off by bulldozer combined with face shovel, select a type 150 diesel engine dredger for exploitation. And then transported to run of quarry material yard by tugboat sand barge. The cleared coverage will be piled up centrally in temporary yard of surface soil inside material yard, the side slope of mound is controlled within about 1:2, mound height is controlled within about 2.0m, the surface is tamped and seeded with clover seeds for protection, after completion of exploitation, return the coverage and waste to excavation face. After completion of taking materials, the exploitation face will be formed into deep pit, and become into natural water surface, so no need to take the planting measures. 4 3 Plan to exploit 80.00X 104m3 for project, it should be to peel off 20.00X 10 m coverage, the material yard will take over 13.33ha wash land. Plant temporarily l0.OOha alfalfa bur clover Lucerne. (4) Prevention and harnessing area of construction road It can be seen according to construction design, on the basis of utilizing existing traffic road, it should be to set up a permanent road with 0.60Km length at right bank combined with permanent traffic and two temporary backbone roads with total 4.40Km length at left bank, which will be connected to each construction point. Total length of construction road is 5.00Km. According to characteristics of smooth landform of two banks of dam location, when building up the construction road, at the same time of discharging surface flow of two sides of construction road and rainwater on road surface, excavation of discharge ditch of two sides, can be as boundary furrow of farmland walkway, which can prevent that the construction trucks destroy the roadside farmland, and the discharge ditch is connected with existing ditch. The discharge ditch is trapezoidal section, bottom width 30cm, depth 30cm, side slope 1: 1, the inner wall is tamped (bill of quantity of discharge ditch has been listed in main works, and no longer listed in this report). In consideration of that usage time of construction road is only for 4 years at most, and which is located at plain area, plat the trees at two sides of construction road, but the effect of trees for water and soil conservation has a certain posteriority, at the same time, it is not in favor of late leveling and second plowing of land, therefore, the main measures of planting grass is considered for plant of construction road. The specific measures are to seed the bermuda grass seeds according to 0.5m width at inside of discharge ditch of two sides of access road, so as to protect side slope of subgrade. It should be to clear away the hardened layer of surface layer of construction road of left bank, 129 which should be leveled and re-plowed with construction site together, plan to clear away 20cm thickness; left bank is permanent management area of project, and the construction road keeps for use. (5) Prevention and harnessing area of auxiliary construction plant According to layout characteristics of Pivot, the auxiliary construction plant is mainly for right bank, layout according to two construction areas of left and right banks. It is to set up the corresponding scale construction enterprises of concrete mixed system, at left and right banks of dam location, sand and gravel material processing system, repair, processing, maintenance depot, comprehensive processing workshop and etc, storehouse and living facilities. According to design plan of Pivot, the construction site of two banks of dam location area is within range of Pivot management zone. Takeover of land of left bank 10.0Oha, and takeover of land of right bank 34.12ha, total takeover of land 44.12ha, left bank takes over mainly the cropland inside bank, and right bank takes over mainly the highland of river bank. In order to protect cropping soil of surface layer, firstly, peel off 30cm cropping soil of surface layer, pile up temporarily at one side of each construction site, tamp the side slope of accumulation, seed the clover seeds on surface for prevent the nutrient running off. At the same time, excavate the periphery discharge ditch at each construction site, the discharge ditch is connected with near river and ditch, and the design section of discharge ditch is same as construction road. During construction, for stone and sand material processing plant and concrete mixed system, use the bagging stone and sand materials around stockyard for temporary blocking, the blocking section is trapezoid, top width Im, height lm, stowage slope ratio 1: 1. For land taken over by auxiliary construction plant, seed temporarily the clover seeds on the idle land for protection, and 40% of takeover of land area will be considered for this period. After completion of construction, clear away the hardened layer of site, clearing thickness 20cm, transport the cleared waste slag to excavation waste dump of left bank for piling up centrally, the clearing area in this period will be 30% of takeover of land. It will be to return the peeled cultivation soil of left bank for second plowing, and recover the ground cover of right bank combined with plan of Pivot management zone. (6) Host area The direct influence area of this project is mainly host area, it can be seen from chapters of reservoir inundation and takeover of land for dam area of Feasibility study report to adopt the centralized new-built residential area for move of resident, and all adopt one-off emigrant compensation for enterprises, public institutions and resident, and the local emigration department will be responsible for specific handling, the prevention and harnessing of soil erosion and legal responsibilities are transferred wholly, the local emigration department will prepare separately the special scheme of water and soil conservation according to laws, it is not to design specially in this Scheme report. 130 8.3.5 Implementation schedule The measures for conservation of water and soil must be done simultaneously with the project construction. In the working areas that easily produce soil erosion, the retaining wall in lower sides must be built before construction, especially for in the excavated materials disposal areas. During construction period, soil erosion must strictly controlled. Ecological recovery must be promptly conducted after the completion of excavated materials disposal areas and earth fields, for which, there should be persons exclusively in charge till the foundation becomes Stable and soil erosion has ceased. 8.3.6 Investment Estimate The total water and soil conservation investment of the project is 75.1017 million Yuan, including the newly added investment of the water and soil conservation scheme of 10.6308 million Yuan, water and soil conservation facility compensation fee of 4.3359 million Yuan, 60.135 million Yuan investment has been included into the investment of the main project. 8.3.7 Analysis of the Results of Measures for Conservation of Water and Soil Based on the requirement of "three simultaneity", the measures for water and soil conservation must be practically positioned before the trial operation of the project. Therefore, during the period of Complex operation, the surface earth of the permanent land occupation of the project have been hardened and afforestated; slopes have been cut for protection; temporary land has been leveled and afforestated; drainage system for roads have been perfected; ecologic environment of the project area has been recovered and improved. In this case, if soil erosion occurs, the volume would be limited. By that time, the measures for conservation of water and soil in the migrant resettlement area have exerted their protective functions, and the soil erosion can be ignored. Through the implementation of the measures for conservation of water and soil where engineering measures and planting measures are adequately integrated, the project has formed a complete system for protection and treatment of soil erosion. Such has not only prevented great quantity of earth from entering the reservoir that results in reduction of reservoir storing capacity, but also ensured the safety of the building structures and the smooth progress of the project construction. It will also beautify the enviromnent, improve the ecologic environment of the reservoir area, increase the comprehensive benefits and prolong the life of the reservoir. Above all, through a series of measures for conservation of water and soil, construction of the project will fully make use of the natural water resources, improve regional environment of the reservoir area and promote the working of water conservation. Therefore, the benefits of the project will be more than the harms. 8.3.8 The Guarantee Measures for Implementation of Schemes 8.3.8.1 Administrative measures 131 In order to carry out the measures for conservation of water and soil, it is to set up the administrative organ to conduct and supervise the works of water and soil conservation, which must be done strictly in conformity with the design and coordinating with concerned departments of water and soil conservation to execute the rules and regulations. 8.3.8.2 Technical measures In order for convenience, local stations and departments for conservation of water and soil shall be responsible for the supervision of the works of conservation of the project. To ensure the quality, after completion of the project, local water administrative departments shall be invited to undertake evaluations of the construction quality and effects of the measures for conservation of water and soil. 8.3.8.3 Fund sources and administrative measures The investment for water and soil conservation has been included in the budget of the project, which shall be mobilized by the project employer and used exclusively for the works. 8.3.8.4 Supervision and ensuring measures Local water conservation departments must check on periodical basis the situation of carrying out the measures for conservation of water and soil. The general public may also conduct supervision of the progress of water and soil conservation and report to higher authorities. Project approval and acceptance must invite local water administrative department for examination. Those items that fail to meet with the design must be improved timely. 8.3.8.5 Monitoring of water and solid conservation There will be four monitoring points. Monitoring period shall be: 5 years in main works area, excavated materials disposal areas, earth fields; 2 years in migrant resettlement area. With the help and supervision of local water administrative departments, it is to periodically undertake monitoring of the monitoring points and bank failure, organize, administer and supervise various works in this regard, so that the measures for protection and treatment are practically implemented and fulfilled. 8.3.8.6 Establishment of office for Conservation of Water and Soil Project undertakers must establish the office for water and soil conservation, for which, the project leader is required to take the responsibility of the works of water and soil conservation. Meanwhile, a series complete set of methods and regulations for implementation, examination, approval and acceptance must be formulated. It is required to coordinate with project contractors and water departments and ensure funds to be used exclusively in the aspect of water and soil conservation, thus to achieve the expected target. 132 9 EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS 9.1 Identification of Hazards The environmental risks for the project are mainly the following two kinds. (1) Environmental risk of the dam Dam breaking is the main risk in this connection. The reasons are mostly of geological accidents such as flood overflowing, construction quality and earthquake etc. Dam overflowing is caused by over-limit flood and sand sediment. (2) Environmental risks of operation of navigation channel Such can be classified into the following types: collision, stranding, on fire and shipwreck accident. In addition, there will be other kinds of environmental risks, which, mainly represented by blasting risk and people's health risk. 9.2 Analysis of Hazards Frequency 9.2.1 Analysis of the Accident Frequency of the Dam 9.2.1.1 Dam flood overflowing According to statistical records, about 1/3 of the dam accidents in China and of the world are caused by dam flood overflowing that is closely related to the design standard for flood control of the dam. According to the existing flood design standard, the analysis of the dam safety shows that, from the hydrological point of view, the theoretical rate of dam flood overflowing is by far higher than the actual rate of accidents. This indicates that the dam normally has certain potential capacity for flood control that results mainly from the following two aspects. The first one is the impacts of the uncertainties of the random hydrological and hydraulic features, which makes the designer leave some safety margins when making decision of the flood control computation, designing scales of flood discharging structure and elevation of dam top etc. The second one is due to impacts of the vague uncertainties of project construction and management that lead to the fuzzification of the critical limit values for dam failure of flood overflowing. Normally, when the flood water level is slightly above the dam top, accidents will not occur. The main buildings of this project are designed as per one flood every 50-100 years and checked as per one flood every 300 -1000. Considering the downstream flood will be lessened and the anti-flood standard of the area downstream of the Danjiangkou Dam will be upgraded after the execution of the Danjiangkou final project. At the same time, from the viewpoint of 133 consequences of building wreckage, no serious losses will be caused. Therefore the main buildings will be designed as per one flood every 50 years and will be checked as per one flood every 300 years. It is analyzed from the aspect of design standard of the project that dam flood overflow can happen only when the coming water of the Han River exceeds the hydrological risk of one flood every 300 years. The second risk of dam flood overflowing is from sand sediments that occupy the flood control storage capacity. Based on the current situation, the annual average silt of the reservoir is 1.1 89million m3/a, normally silted very slow, the maximum silt of the reservoir for 50 years is 54,000,000 m3 , which occupies 25.47% of the total reservoir capacity at normal impounded level, the reservoir can be balanced at that time, sentimental silts occupy on a small part of the reservoir capacity. The calculation result shows that the current silt can not harm the reservoir, but increase of sand content in water body due to soil erosion shall be indispensable. After the project is completed, the section within 30km downstream will have the evolution tendency of trough and shoal formation; the extreme erosion quantity of the downstream of the dam is below 14,000,000m3 , thalweg lowering value due to scouring is bigger than 1.16m, the maximum lowering value is 2.23m; the erosion quantity of the section 7km near the dam is 6.039 million m3 , the average scoured depth is about 1.25m, the waterway trough and the riverbed at the middle of left bank are more eroded, at these areas, the maximum eroded depth is 5m, average eroded depth is 2m around, the impacts on the whole regime is limited. Through summarizing the examples of reservoir accidents caused by flood, it is known that: (1) Flood may cause danger to the dam; (2) In existing reservoirs, the probability of dam accidents caused by flood will be several in a ten thousand; (3) There are two kinds of accidents of dam: dam overflowing and dam breaking. The former has less risky strength while the latter has extremely strong risk strength. (4) Dam type is closely related to the probability of flood risk. When the dam encounters over-limit flood, the concrete gravity dam will only have overflowing. 9.2.1.2 Construction quality Construction quality cannot be ignored among the factors that may cause dam breaking. In recent years, accidents that were caused by construction quality can be found frequently. Such risk can be avoided through enhancement of construction management. 9.2.1.3 Earthquake There is not big fracture fault passing the project area. Earthquake activities are weak at the VI earthquake intensity. According to the analysis of the factors that would induce earthquake, it is known that the reservoir does not have the factors that may induce earthquake, and the factors that may induce weak or medium earthquake are also limited. Therefore, the dam breaking risk caused by earthquake is less. In summary of the examples of dam failure caused by earthquake, it is known that: 134 ( ) As for the dam failure caused by earthquake, whatever in the total numbers of dams or in the number of failures, the probability tends to be lower that is by far lower than that caused by flood. (2) In addition to the structural earthquake that may cause dam failure, the earthquake caused by reservoir may also cause dangers to the dam. The probability of the dam failure caused by reservoir-induced earthquake accounts for about one third of the total dam failures. (3) The consequences of dam failure are cracks and damage to facilities that will affect the normal dam operation. Up to now, there is not any report in this regard, of which, the losses will be much less than dam overflowing and dam breaking. (4) Concrete gravity dam is better than other type of dam. Its anti seismic capacity is better than that of other kinds of dams. 9.2.2 Analysis of the Operational Accident Frequency of the Navigation Channel 9.2.2.1 Kinds of accidents and reasons of occurrence According to the navigation experiences and data in home and abroad, the kinds of accidents in navigation operation and the reasons are classified into the following types: collision, stranding, on fire and shipwreck etc. Whatsoever which accident, it will have oil leakage, casualties, freight falling into river that may pollute water body etc. The most serious accidents would be cargo vessels that carry poisonous materials, such as coal, fertilizer, agricultural chemicals etc. Such will bring most serious pollution to the ecologic environment and the economic loss will be the biggest. The reasons for navigation channel accidents are classified into the following aspects: (1) Narrow water channel, complicate water conditions. Especially in low water period, the channel is narrow and water current is disordered, showing inferior navigating conditions. (2) Excessive stress on benefit while neglecting safety. Some ships are aged but with heavy load, showing inferior navigating conditions. (3) With the increase of the quantity of ships, the quality of operators is inferior and cannot meet with the requirement. (4) On-fire ships are mainly caused by the poor mechanical and electric equipment. The equipped facilities are inferior. With the improvement of the living rooms, the grades of guest cabins as well as the daily complicate equipment and facilities, breakdown of equipment and electrical appliances may frequently occur, which will add to the probability of fire. 9.2.2.2 Accidents The accidents of 1990-2003 covered stranding, contact damage, collision and other kinds of accidents. The reasons are mostly of operating techniques, violation, managerial problems and technical errors etc. In views of year, the numbers of accidents tended to decrease. With the standardization of navigation channel, navigation conditions have been improved. If 135 plus enhanced technical training and management, the accidents caused by technical errors, rule violation and managerial problems can be avoided. According to statistics, the proportion of serious accident of shipping that have serious impacts accounts for about 2.5x 10- 4/a of the total numbers of accidents. 9.2.3 Other Environmental Risks ( 1 ) Risk of construction blasting The blasting of this project is mainly done underwater. It is required to attend to the protection of local aquatic life sources and to safety of nearby people and operators, so to avoid accidental injury. (2) People's health During construction period, due to inferior sanitary conditions, outside people frequently come and go. Construction team people are relatively concentrated showing high population density. Such will bring and spread some diseases. Therefore, it is required to improve the sanitary conditions to avoid pollution done to the drink water source. Drinking water must be strictly sterilized. Sanitary and epidemic prevention of the living area shall be strengthened. Sanitary waste water, garbage and manure must be well treated, so to minimize or eliminate the places for breeding of diseases and mosquitoes 9.3 Analysis of the Consequences of Accidents (1) Economic losses No matter slight contact, stranding or serious shipwreck, the most obvious consequences are economic losses, including ship repair, cargo goods loss, medical treatment for the wounded, compensation for casualties etc. (2) Endanger life and safety of property; affect social stability. Whatever the navigation accidents are, there will be certain dangers on the ship, crew, cargoes and other passing ships. Normally such will be followed by direct economic losses, more seriously will cause casualties, loss of cargoes, ship damage etc. To some extent, it will affect the social stability. (3 ) Pollute the environment and damage the ecological balance Sudden occurrence of navigation accidents, especially oil leakage, shipwreck or on-fire etc., will cause environmental pollution. Poisonous matters, such as petroleum, cargo freight, especially chemical fertilizer and pesticide etc., will fall into the river, hence will cause serious water quality pollution and damage the existing ecological balance. Aquatic life will die out, drinking water source will be affected and human beings and animals will be endangered 9.4 Preventive Measures and Emergency Measures 9.4.1 Preventive Measures and Emergency Measures for Dam Hazards 9.4.1.1 Preventive measures Due to the fact that the dam breaking of the project will threaten the towns located in the lower reaches of the Han River and both banks along the river that have low flood control capacities, 136 available scientific means and effective administrative measures shall be adopted to avoid such risks. ( 1 ) Aiming at the possible hydrological risks, the first one is to enhance the flood forecast, especially attend to the flood that has exceeded the designed capacity of the dam. Such will help to provide scientific basis for safe operation of the dam and get more time to resist and defend the over-limit flood. ( 2 ) Aiming at the risk caused by sediment, due to such predicted risk is caused by soil erosion, it is therefore required to strengthen the monitoring of soil erosion of the catchment area of the reservoir, make treatment of the current soil erosion and put an end to new soil erosion. (3) Aiming to the risk of construction quality which may be easiest one to be avoided, it is necessary to undertake legal effective control over the construction, renew the ideas of quality the contractor and construction team workers, so to avoid possible dam breaking caused by construction quality. (4) According the conclusion of geological assessment, even the possibility of earthquake in this district is very less, due to the consequences of dam breaking, it is required to enhance the earthquake monitoring. 9.4.1.2 Emergency plans The risk of dam breaking is little which would also be easily ignored. In order to avoid being in horror during dam breaking, there should be a set of emergency plans for dam breaking. As for the places in lower reaches, dam breaking of reservoir means the breakout of over-limit flood. However, the situation of dam breaking is quite different from the normal over-limit flood. As for dam breaking, due to high dam and large storage, the draining volume is extraordinary big but lasts for short time. Therefore, the emergency plans for dam breaking have included into the existing flood control plans, which would have more pertinency to be correspond to the characteristics of dam breaking. Normal measures, such as emergency organization, emergency facilities, equipment and materials, emergency communication, emergency security, emergency medical rescue, emergency retreat and emergency manoeuvre etc. are referred to the handbook of flood control. Based on the characteristics of dam breaking, it is necessary to set up temporary districts for flood storage and draining. Necessary planning shall be attended to. 9.4.1 .3 Establishment of the Dam Safety Inspection Group 1. The responsibility of the Dam Safety Inspection Group To supervise and inspect relevant issues in connection with the project construction, including the overall arrangement of the main structures of the Cuijiaying dam, hydro-power station, water gate and reservoir area protection, accuracy of the engineering geological prospecting results, correctness of the analysis of the hydraulic model test, dam foundation design, stability of the natural and cutting slopes, engineering technology and methods for foundation construction, rationality of investment budget and geological issues etc. 137 The group will inspect the degree of influence on the project by the key fracture layer and geological fault within the range of the dam site. It also inspects the influence of weak ground on the dam body as well as the reliability and rationality of the treatment measures. According to the World Bank's requirement, it will organize an evaluation meeting on geological safety of the dam foundation (including body structures) by the end of 2004. (2) The group will inspect concerned design basis, use of parameters and result of computation for the structures of the dam in different stages (including the body structures). It will also inspect the rationality of the designed water level, hydraulic design and check water level, thus to ensure the safety requirement for water blocking. The group will independently compute and inspect the reliability of the relative materials in connection with sudden rainfall and flow volume caused by different frequencies, as well the treatment schemes for dam water blocking and leakage prevention. (3 ) The group will inspect concerned issues in connection with the analysis of silt sediment, correctness of computed results of incoming silt sediment and the reservoir operating methods. It will inspect the influences on the lower navigating channels and water works by the short-term sediment and long-term reservoir systematic washing. (4) The group will inspect concerned technical documents in connection with the bidding for the main works of the project, as well inspect the equipment selection of the project. (5) The group will inspect the construction management plan, time schedule, progress plan, establishment of project construction management and the personnel scheduling etc. (6) The group will inspect the applicable standards and structural types for diversion of the reservoir, as well as inspect the feasibility and effectiveness of the flood control schemes in construction period, protective measures and emergency measures. (7) The group will inspect the feasibility and effectiveness of the supervisor's management plans, enforcement regulations, quality control ensuring system, supervising means and measures etc. for the facilities and main works of the reservoir. It will also assist and oversee the supervisor to fulfill its obligations as well control quality, progress and project investment costs etc. (8) The group will provide with improving suggestions for the special works of the project, such as land requisition and environmental protection, so to minimize the negative impacts and gain greater achievement. ( 9 ) The group will inspect the results of hydraulic computation under various flows, including the operational schemes in the dam's initial stage, the schemes of flood control and the schemes of flood discharge, so to ensure the safety of the dam. ( 10) Others: the group will inspect other issues that are in connection with the safety of the Pivot. 138 2. The Dam Safety Inspection Group is the important factor to assure the implementation of the risk preventive measures for the dam. As for this project, Hubei Communications Bureau has established the Dam Safety Inspection Group according to the requirement of the World Bank, whose main tasks are to provide with safety evaluation and technical consultation for the whole process of construction of the project from design, bidding, construction to the dam's initial operation. During the period of project construction, the group, according to the requirement of the project, will mobilize more experts, including experts in geology, seismology, reservoir sedimentology, concrete construction technology, environmental protection and reservoir land requisition and removal, to provide with technical consultation and temporary assistance to the project construction. Therefore, the group serves as an important factor to safeguard the implementation of the risk preventive measures. 9.4.2 Preventive Measures and Emergency Plans for Navigation Hazards 9.4.2.1 Preventive measures Even though the pollution accident of navigation accidents are hard to predict and prevented, most of the accidents are related to abnormal management and incorrect preventive measures. Therefore, the principle of "prevention first, safety first" is the important guarantee to reduce pollution accidents and pollution impacts. In order to avoid sudden pollution accidents, it is required to undertake prompt monitoring of the pollution accident to provide basis for rapid and effective treatment and minimize the damages to life, properties and environment caused by the pollution. This needs the support and cooperation from all social circles in well conducting the works of management, propagandizing and technology. ( 1 ) To extensively propagandize and increase cognition In order to solve the problems of sudden environmental pollution accidents that are difficult to prevent and may cause fatal disaster to human beings, UNEP had proposed as early as in 1988 the project of Apert's Program. The most important contents of this program are to arouse the alertness and cognition of the governments at various levels, leaders of enterprises and institutional units and social organization for sudden accidents. This is because that many big and fatal pollution accidents can be avoided if management and prevention are enhanced. Even encountering sudden big pollution accidents, if the knowledge of emergency treatment and emergency rescue are well known by the people, prompt and effective treatment shall be made and the pollution can be minimized. The environmental pollution caused by navigation accidents shall be the same. Therefore, it is required to enhance the ideas of prevention and treatment of the environmental pollution accidents so that such can be nipped in the bud. In this way, the occurrence of pollution accidents will be greatly minimized. (2) To enhance the administration and prevention of the sudden pollution accidents in the navigation channels 139 According to survey, it is to formulate a series of preventive measures and administrative regulations for transport of poisonous materials like chemicals. 9.4.2.2 Emergency plans ( 1 ) To formulate the guidance and regulations for emergency accidents As for the administration of inland waterway ship navigation, it is recommended that the government shall formulate necessary emergency guide and regulation based on the potential accidents. (2) Strengthen the monitoring capacity for emergency Emergency monitoring is the foremost link for the treatment of sudden navigation environmental pollution accident. The construction of enhancing monitoring capacity include the following two stresses: a) To strength the response ability for emergency monitoring. As soon as the sudden navigation pollution occurs, the situation is normally urgent and pollution will quickly spread to vast area. Within very short time, the situation of pollution will deteriorate and cause more serious damages. This has required the monitoring staff being with rapid response ability to the pollution accidents. As soon as the accident occurs, they must go to the site immediately and make prompt and correct inspecting judgment. Otherwise, the delay in response or any negligence in some links of the whole process in the aspects of quick and correct treatment will result in more serious damages and reduce the efficiency of the recovery work. Therefore, the first one is to establish a professional monitoring team for emergency response while the second is to enhance the technical training and manoeuvre, so to strengthen the emergence response capacity. b) To upgrade the technical level for emergency monitoring. Monitoring technology that can quickly and correctly make judgment of the types of pollutants, pollution concentrations, pollution range and the possible damage has become the core issue of emergency response. The stress should be laid on the means of monitoring, instruments and equipment etc. On the basis of the pollution factors acquired through investigation, it is necessary to establish the inquiry system for pollution accident data and accident treatment, which will help to provide with the basis for the treatment of pollution accidents. (3 ) To establish the emergency rescue system When navigation accident occurs, it is not only required to undertake emergency monitoring and treatment, but also to make emergency rescue and deal with the problems arising from, so to minimize the damages. The works for treatment of sudden environmental pollution accidents, such as emergency monitoring, treatment, rescue and tackling problems, are huge and extensive which cannot be fulfilled only by some department. Such must be unifiedly under the leadership of the governments at various levels to coordinate necessary actions. The rescue system featured by quick response, accurate judgment, monitoring and rescue must include the 140 participation of army, public security, fire-prevention, sanitation, safety, telecommunication and environmental departments. 141 10.0 MEASURES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND INVESTMENT ESTIMATE 10.1 Measures for Environmental Protection during Construction 10.1.1 Measures for water quality protection 10.1.1.1 Treatment measures for drainage of foundation pit In order to reduce the influences on the water quality of Hanjiang River from the suspended matters in the drainage of foundation pit, the discharging opening shall be arranged near the place in Hanjiang River as much as possible where the middle thread flow speed is relatively larger, and the standing time of the waste water in the foundation pit shall be prolonged before discharging. According to the field data of drainage of the foundation pit in Qingjiang River Geheyan Water Conservation Pivot, the density of the suspended matters in the waste water in the foundation pit can meet the corresponding discharging standard after standing for 2 hours, therefore, it is suggested that the waste water in the foundation pits of the buildings in Stage I and II be discharged after standing for 2 hours. Furthermore, the standing time shall be prolonged properly in low flow season or when the strength of excavating the foundation pit and pouring concrete is relatively larger, and the neutralization agent shall be poured into it properly depending on the pH value of the waste water so as to ensure SS reaches up to the discharge standard of 70mg/i to reduce the pollution influences on the water quality of Han River from the drainage of the foundation pit. 10.1.1.2 Treatment measures for waste water in sandy and rock materials processing system One sandy and rock materials processing system will be respectively arranged for this project at each bank of the site. In order to protect the water quality of Hanjiang River, the waste water discharged from the systems shall be treated before being discharged (SS shall reach up to the discharge standard of 70mg/1). In the light of the treatment measures of the waste water in sandy and rock materials processing system in Three Gorges Project, the waste water in the sandy and rock materials processing system at each bank of the site will be mainly pre-treated in sand basin and then enter the reaction basin and sedimentation tank for treatment. The process flow of waste water treatment is just as following diagram: Sand basi Factory sewage cn basin Sedimentation tank Hanjiang River | Sludge drying bed Sludge 10.1.1.3 Treatment measures for domestic sewage 142 Since the discharge amount of domestic sewage from the construction sites in construction period is little and the construction sites and the management station in the late period are at the same place, the treatment of the domestic sewage shall be taken into account together with the treatment of the sewage in the management station in operation period. Septic tank will be arranged in construction sites and the secondary embedded sewage treatment station shall be arranged in the management station, in this way, the domestic sewage from the construction sites will be discharged to the secondary treatment station after pre-treatment in septic tank, and then it will be discharged after meeting Grade I standard in Comprehensive Discharging Standard of Sewage through secondary treatment. 10. 1.1.4 Improvement measure for oily sewage The ship for construction and the ship coming and going shall not directly discharge the oily sewage in the construction river section of this project and it is necessary for them to install and use oil-water separator according to related specification so as to ensure the soil density in the oily sewage from the ship is less than 1Omg/L after treatment by the separator before it is allowed to discharge. 1O. 1.1.5 Protection of domestic water sources Since the domestic water for the construction area will be introduced directly from Hanjiang River, in order to protect the domestic water quality well, the discharging of the pollutants shall be strictly controlled. The water taken from the river shall be properly treated and sterilized to reach up to the sanitary standard specified by the state before it is used as domestic water. The constructors shall be educated to form a good sanitary habit and not drink unboiled water so as to avoid infection of diseases. In order to protect the water quality of Hanjiang River from being influenced by the construction activities, any activity related to the harmful water quality shall be strictly prohibited in construction period, for example, the activity of directly discharging industrial solid waste, domestic garbage, ordure, production waste drainage and domestic sewage into the water body. 10.1.2 Prevention and improvement measures for atmospheric pollution According to engineering analysis, the maximum influence distance of lime-soil mixing and concrete mixing and job is about 200m, the protective objective of this project is at least 600m away from the construction sites and its influences mainly focus on the healthy damage to the constructors. (1) In order to reduce the healthy influences on the workers and constructors in construction sites from the dust, the transportation of the materials for construction shall adopt airtight mode as much as possible; the air-tightness of the machinery for transportation shall be checked and maintained. (2) The construction sites and the roads for transporting the materials for construction shall be watered to restrain the dust; as to the watering frequency and the amount, they will be determined depending on the weather and the road condition; the air quality of the surrounding environment of construction site and the roads for construction shall be protected. 143 (3) In order to avoid the influences on the constructors and workers from the dust in the construction sit, the mixing plant shall be provided with dust collection facilities; furthermore, the management and maintenance of the devices shall be strengthened. 10.1.3 Prevention and improvement measures for noise pollution (1) In order to reduce the damage on constructors from the noise of the devices for construction, the devices with high noise shall be far away from the construction sites. As to the selection of the devices for construction, it's better to select the devices and process with low noise; at the same time, the maintenance of the devices shall be strengthened; as to the devices with large vibration, the vibration reduction engine base shall be adopted. (2) The acoustical damper shall be provided at the air intake and outtake of the fixed equipment and the machinery such as excavator and transport truck; as to the machinery with high noise, the vibration reduction and noise reduction facilities shall be installed, if necessary, the temporary simple acoustical barrier shall be arranged around the machinery with high noise. (3) The construction time shall be strictly organized and controlled and it is prohibited to carry out construction at night with the machinery with high noise. The construction time of the project shall be strictly controlled in 8: 00-12: 00 in the morning and 14:00-20:00 in the afternoon. (4) The labor protection for the workers near the machinery and devices with high noise shall be strengthened and they shall wear noise-proof tools, such as earplug and so on. (5) The transport cars may produce the noise beyond the standard, which will influence the residents at both sides of the transportation routes, as a result, the speed of the vehicle and vehicle flowrate in unit time shall be strictly limited in transportation process; the speed shall be reduced properly when the vehicle passes through the towns so as to reduce the disturbance to the residents in the town; the signal alarm shall be prohibited. 10.1.4 Protection measures for ecological environment On June 29, 2004, the affairs about the remission of the fish in the assessment area of the project were discussed. The ones attending the meeting included You Lixin, Xu Haiyang, Liu Shujun and the governmental officers (Xiangfan Environment Science Academy). The contents are to: control the fishing amount, specify the fishing prohibition period, limit the masking web, limit the unreasonable fishing laws and so on so as to seek for the reasonable measures to utilize the fish resources. 10. 1.4.1 Protection measures for aquatic organism (1) In order to reduce the influences on the aquatic organism from the floating works such as cofferdam, rock cut and removal of cofferdam and so on, the above-mentioned works shall not be carried out in the spawning season of aquatic organism. According to investigation, the spawning season of the main fishes in Hanjiang River is May and June, therefore, the underwater excavation works shall not be carried out in May and June as much as possible. (2) The constructors are forbidden to directly throw the various wastes into the water body, 144 especially the poisonous and harmful matters. (3) In order to reduce or avoid the influences on the aquatic environment and the aquatic organism from the waste slag of the project, the excavation waste dump shall be selected above the flood inundation line; the slag retaining wall, intercepting ditch and trench drain shall be provided around the excavation waste dump to avoid the pollution of the water quality and the influences on the inhabitation environment of the aquatic organism. (4) The education on the constructors for environmental protection shall be strengthened and it is forbidden to fish in Hanjiang River. 10. 1.4.2 Protection measures for terrestrial organism (1) In order to protect the lasting stability and durable peace of shipping pivotal project, it is not enough to just consider the peripheral areas, it is necessary to make overall plans for the whole Hanjiang River valley especially he ecological protection forest system construction at the middle and upper reaches of Hanjiang River and comprehensively improve it to ensure the ecological safety of this shipping and hydropower pivotal project. (2) Patrol and protection for the animals in the reservoir area shall be strengthened in construction period; it is forbidden to poach for the wild animals; the related laws and policies such as Wild Animals Protection Law, Environmental Protection Law and so on shall be seriously publicized to raise the environmental consciousness of the local communities and educate the constructors not to poach for the wild animals in the reservoir area. (3) The earth material yard shall be horizontally excavated and the surface soil shall be stored in form of centralization, if rain comes, the cut surface shall be covered with waterproof cloth; after borrowing, the soil shall be covered to recover the ecological system. (4) As to the cleaning of the woodland, all plants in the reservoir area shall be cleaned up before water storage; the fruit trees that can be transplanted shall be transplanted as much as possible; otherwise, all of them will be cut down; the trees that is cut down shall be use as much as possible; otherwise, they shall be burned on the site and the woody ashes shall be used as fertilizer. 10.1.5 Measures for public health 10.1.5.1 Health protection measures It is very important to protect public health in construction period and the owner shall do well in the health protection for the constructors. (1) do well in the sanitary quarantine inspection work for the constructors; make medical examination to understand the healthy conditions and germ carrying situation of the constructors before them enter the construction sites; if it is found that some person carrying germ is not suitable to enter the construction site, he shall be cured in time and be assigned work again after he gets well. Carry out regular physical examination for the constructors in construction process, master the healthy conditions of the constructors at any time, prevent and control the occurrence and extension of the diseases. 145 (2) Do well in sterilization and disinfection work in construction area, especially, carry out the sterilization and disinfection for the public facilities regularly. At the same time, the temporary resident areas of the constructors shall be sprayed with the medicines for killing the mosquitos, fly and rat and so on and for controlling the extension of various communicable diseases effectively. (3) Perform sanitary monitoring and control system, supervise and manage the food entering the construction sites to ensure good food sources and food processing. (4) Establish medical and health care departments, store necessary medicines for preventing and control the diseases, such as the medicines for stopping bleeding, preventing bloody flux and cold and so on so that the emergency measures can be taken when the constructors meet with accidents and epidemic diseases. (5) Do well in sanitary publication and education work in the construction site to make the constructors form a good sanitary habit. (6) Monitor and control the drinking water for the constructors, and carry out sedimentation and sterilization before use. (7) The domestic garbage in construction site shall be collected and treated in form of centralization, if necessary, the special refuse wagon shall be provided to transport the domestic garbage to the urban garbage treatment site for treatment. 10.1.5.2 The environment of the bottom of the reservoir a. Normal toilets, manure piles, garbage and sewage ditches must be carried to the waste fields for unified treatment if they cannot be used as organic fertilizers for orchards. b. Tomb clearing. The graves in the reservoir must be moved to other places by owners. Graves of unidentified owners must be sterilized, of which, the clear-out skeleton must be buried outside the sanitary protection belt. c. Demolition and clearing of structures: The cleared garbage must be carried to the waste fields for backfilling. The remained parts are not allowed 0.3m higher than the surface. d. Forest land clearing: All vegetation in the reservoir area before impounding must be cleared up. Those fruit or precious trees that are transplantable must be transplanted to the places out of the reservoir. Those trees that cannot be transplanted must be cut must be burned out, and the ashes shall be used as the fertilizers. 10.1.6 Treatment measures of solid waste Since the construction period of this project is long, various solid wastes produced at the construction sites and pivotal projects in the construction and production process shall be properly treated and it is forbidden to throw them randomly. The domestic wastes such as the wasted concrete block and parts of the devices shall be piled in the form of centralization and finally they shall be buried at the place near the construction site that will not influence the sight. As to the domestic garbage in construction period, the garbage can and garbage bag shall be arranged to collect it, then it shall be transported to the urban garbage treatment site for treatment through the cooperation between the owner and the local sanitary and environmental 146 departments. 10.1.7 Measures for conservation of soil and water (1) Prevention and improvement area of main works In designing the main works, the excavated slope surface shall be designed according to the structure of the pivotal buildings and the corresponding engineering protection and plant protection measures shall be taken. Engineering protection measures will be taken for the inlet channel and outlet channel of the shiplock and the water release gate; as to the upstream slope of the earth dam at the left bank, dry paving will be adopted; as to the downstream slope grass protection will be adopted. Besides protecting the safety of the project, these engineering measures and plant measures can effectively protect the exposed area of the soil texture of the buildings and prevent the occurrence of new soil erosion. (2) Prevention and improvement area of excavation waste dump This project is located in Jianghan Plain; as to the excavation of the foundation of the project, after balanced utilization of the earthwork, 937.25 X 104m3 waste earthwork will be produced at last; the excavation waste dump will be selected in the bank at the left bank of Hanjiang River; through measurement, it will have. an area of 184.51ha. The excavation waste dump will be arranged in the bank and it is use for the slag. The excavation waste dump occupies the dry land in the ban. In order to improve the slag surface of the excavation waste dump, the 30m thick cultivated horizon of the surface layer shall be peeled off in pieces before abandoning the slag and be piled in the excavation waste dump in the form of centralization; furthermore, the temporary protection measures shall be taken to prevent the nutrient from loss. When the slag is abandoned, firstly it shall be utilized along the expropriation boundary; slag retaining bank shall be built at the slope toe; the section of the slag retaining bank is trapeziform, the top width is 1.Om, the average height is 1.Om and the side slope is 1:1. The slag shall be rolled by the tractor for 34 times. After the slag is completed, the anghropic soil will be returned for second plowing. The seeds of bermuda grass shall be seeded on the slope surface of the slag. Through calculation, it will fill 5450m3 slag retaining wall, the grass will be temporarily planted for 27.68ha and the second plowing area is 178.01ha. (3) Prevention and improvement area of material yard According to the project design, it can be known that 22.35 X 104m3 clay materials and 76.89 X 104m3 grit stone materials are needed for the construction of the project (note: here the earth materials are compacted earth and the grit stone materials are net amount). (O Zhuangjiachong clay material yard The materials yard is located at the foot of the hill. In order to prevent the bad influences on the materials yard from the rain from the slope surface, before excavation, the materials yard shall 147 provided with intercepting pitch and drainage ditch along the expropriation boundary. The drainage ditch adopts trapeziform section, its bottom is 30cm wide and it is 30cm high; the side slope ratio is 1:1. The drainage ditch will be connected with the existing ditches. The upper side slope is intercepting ditch with the lining of cement-laid stone masonry and the lining thickness is 30cm. The sedimentation tank will be arranged at the exit of the drainage ditch, with the length of 4.3m, the width of 3.3m and the depth of 1.5m. The side wall is trapeziform section and is laid by the cement-laid stone masonry. Its top is 40cm, its bottom is 80cm and the internal slope *is 1: 0.5. The water will be drained into the existing ditches after sedimentation of sedimentation tank. In construction period, it shall be managed by the special personnel and the slush shall be cleaned up in time. At the same time, in order to protect the agricultural soil on the surface layer with high fertility, the measures of second plowing for the earth materials yard shall be taken. The plowing soil on the surface layer of the earth materials year shall be separated with the separation thickness of 15cm or so. And then it shall be piled in the temporary surface soil storage yard in the materials yard; the storage side slope shall be controlled about 1:2 and the height of soil storage shall be controlled about 2.0m. The surface shall be tamped and planted with the seeds of clover for protection. After the borrowing is finished, the excavation surface of the excavation yard shall be improved with the surface soil. The exploitation depth initially set is 4.Om and the excavation side slope is less than 1:4. Through calculation, the floor space of Zhuangjiachong Clay Material Yard is 7.12ha, the earth to be borrowed is 26.29 X 104 m3, the overburden to be separated is 2.19 X 104m3, the drainage pitch to be built is 1 190m, the lining is 404.68m 3 and the second plowing is 7.12ha. (2) Fenghuangtan grit stone material yard The natural grit stone materials are on the diara of Hanjiang River, its upside will be covered with 0-3m thick pulverulent fine sand and the landform is gentle. After the upside overburden layer is cleaned up with bulldozer and face shovel, 1 set of type 150 diesel engine will be selected for exploitation and then it will be transported to the raw materials yard with tug sand barge ship. The cleaned overburden layer shall be piled in the temporary surface soil storage yard in the materials yard; the storage side slope shall be controlled about 1:2 and the height of soil storage shall be controlled about 2.0m. The surface shall be tamped and planted with the seeds of clover for protection. After the exploitation is completed, the overburden layer shall be returned to the excavation surface. The sandy and rock materials yard will be inundated so it is not necessary to take vegetation measure. The project plans to exploit 73.78 X 104m3, the overburden layer to be separated is 18.45 X 104m, the flood land to be occupied by the material yard is 12.30ha. 9.22 ha will be used to plant clover temporarily. ®) Longmentan grit stone material yard The natural grit stone materials is located at the marginal bank at the left bank of Hanjiang River, its upside will be covered with 0-3m thick pulverulent fine sand and the landform is gentle. After the upside overburden layer is cleaned up with bulldozer and face shovel, 1 set of type 150 diesel engine will be selected for exploitation and then it will be transported to the raw materials yard with tug sand barge ship. The cleaned overburden layer shall be piled in the 148 temporary surface soil storage yard in the materials yard; the storage side slope shall be controlled about 1:2 and the height of soil storage shall be controlled about 2.0m. The surface shall be tamped and planted with the seeds of clover for protection. After the exploitation is completed, the overburden layer shall be returned to the excavation surface. The exploited surface will form a deep ditch and become a natural water surface, so it is not necessary to take vegetation measure. The project plans to exploit 80.00 X 104m 3, the overburden layer to be separated is 20.00 X 104m3, the flood land to be occupied by the material yard is 13.33ha. 10.OOha will be used to plant clover temporarily. (4) Prevention and improvement area of construction access road According to the construction engineering, it can be seen that based on utilizing the existing traffic roads, combining the permanent traffic, one 0.60km long permanent road shall be arranged at the right bank and two temporary backbone roads totaling 4.40km long shall be arranged at the left bank to connect with each construction site. The total length of construction road is 5.00Km. According to the characteristics that the landform at both banks is flat, when the construction access road is built, the drainage ditch will be excavated at both sides; besides draining the surface runoff from both sides of the construction access road and the rain on the road surface, it can be used as the boundary ditch for the farmland and the road to prevent the vehicles for construction from damaging the farmland at the side of the road. The drainage ditch shall connect with the existing channels. The drainage ditch will adopt trapezoid section, the bottom is 30cm wide, it is 30cm depth and the side slope is 1:1; the internal wall shall be tamped (the quantity of bill of drainage pitch has been included in the main works, it will not be calculated and listed out in this reports). Considering the use period of the construction access road is four years at most and it is located in the plain area, the trees shall be planted at both sides of the construction access road; since the conservation of soil and water by trees has a certain posteriority, at the same time, it is bad for leveling up and plowing the land again in the late stage, therefore, as to the vegetation measures for the construction access road, it mainly means planting grass. The specific measures is to plant the seeds of bermuda grass at the internal sides of the drainage ditches at both sides of the access road according to 0.5m width to protect the side slope of the subgrade. The hardening layer on the surface layer of the construction access road at the left bank shall be cleaned up and be leveled up with the construction site for second plowing; the thickness to be cleaned is 20cm; as the permanent management area, the construction access road at the right bank shall be reserVed for use. (5) Prevention and improvement area of auxiliary enterprises of construction According to the arrangement characteristics of the pivot, the auxiliary facilities for construction will take the right bank as the main, including two construction area at the right and left bank. The corresponding construction enterprises, warehouses and living facilities such as concrete mixing systems, grit stone materials processing system, repair, processing and maintenance factory and comprehensive processing factory and so on are arranged at both banks of the site. 149 According to pivot design planning, the construction site at both banks of the site shall be in the range of the pivot management area. The left bank occupies 10.00ha land and the right bank occupies 34.12ha land, totaling 44.12ha purchased land. The left bank mainly occupies the farmland within the bank and the right bank mainly occupies the upland of the bank. In order to protect the plowing soil on the surface layer, the 30cm thick plowing soil on the surface layer shall be separated and temporarily stored at one side of the construction site; then the storage side slope shall be tamped and the seeds of clover will be planted on the surface to prevent the loss of the nutrient. At the same time, the drainage ditch shall be excavated around the construction sites and it will connect with the channels nearly; the designed section of the drainage ditch is similar with the one of construction access road. During construction period, as to the sandy and rock materials processing factory and concrete mixing system, the sandy and rock materials in bags will be used around the materials yard for temporary retaining, the retaining section is trapezoid, the top is 1 m wide and it is Im high too; the storage slope ratio is 1: 1. As to the land temporarily occupied by the auxiliary enterprises for construction, the free ground shall be planted with seeds of the solver for protection, with the area of 40% of the floor space in this stage. When the construction is completed, the hardening layer of the site shall be cleaned up and the thickness of cleaning is 20cm. The cleaned slag shall be transported to the excavation waste dump at the left bank to pile up in the form of centralization. The cleaning area in this stage shall be taken into account as 30% of the floor space. The separated plowing soil at the left bank shall be recovered for second plowing; the vegetation shall be recovered at the right bank, combining with the planning of the pivot management area. (6) Migrants resettlement area The direct influence area of this project is mainly the migration resettlement area. From the chapters and the sections about reservoir inundation and land purchase in dam area in the Feasibility Study Report, it can be seen that the removal and resettlement of the residents will adopt the measures of building new resident areas in form of centralization; furthermore, the enterprises government-sponsored institutions shall adopt the migration measure with one-off compensation; it will be operated by the local migration department; the liability of preventing and controlling the loss of soil and water and the legal liability have been transferred as a whole; the local migration department shall prepare special water and soil conservation scheme according to the laws. 10.1.8 Measures to slow down the bad influences on social environment 10.1. 8.1 Measures for preservation of cultural relics According to the regulation of cultural relics protection of the related departments, before construction, the negotiation with the local cultural relics protection departments shall be carried out firstly. Mark the place in advance where the cultural relics may be buried to protect them. Once the cultural relics are found in construction, the construction shall be stopped immediately to protect the site and then inform the cultural relics protection departments and the construction shall not be carried out again before the cultural relics protection departments take corresponding measures. 150 Furtlhermllore, as to the existing 2 cultural relics in the reservoir area that may be inunidated, necessary excavation and treatmenit imeasLires shall be taklen before constl-lctioni according to the opinions of the cultural relics protection departments. Dukou shall be excavated in 2005.4. the other Chenipo shall be excavated in 2008. I0 . .8.2 Protection of intake and drainage facilities The water catchrment facilities in the reservoir area take bailing in Hanjiang River as the main and the construction of the hydropower project will not influence it; contrarily, it will play a role of stabilize the water catchmnent point. As to the existing drainage facilities, since the purification condition of water quality will become weak after the project is completed, therefore, it is necessary to intercept various blow-off lines to protect the water quality of Hanjiang River and send the sewage to Xiangfan Sewage Treatment Plant uniformly. At the same time, the construction of the planed sewage treatment factory shall be carried out in ahead of the construction of the main works in the reservoir area as much as possible so as to be good to collect the pollutants in reservoir area and protect the water quality in Hanjiang River. 10.1.8.3 Environmental hydrogeology (1) as to the possible seepage of the reservoir, the necessary engineering meastures shall be taken, such as grouting, overspreading, blocking, building intercepting wall, water retaining wall and discharging water as well as lowering the pressure, shall be taken to protect it. (2) as to the bank slope that may meet with possible serious destroy (bank slump and landslip), the measures such as slope protection, load discharge, improvement, reconstruction and necessary plant protection and so on slhall be taken to protect it. (3) as to the farmland and buildings thiat may be inundated, the measures, such as building drainage system, change the vegetation structurie and reinforcing the fouLndation of the foundation, shall be taken to solve it. 10.1 .8.4 Power transmission and transfonnation work a. It is to make scientific planning of electric powver line. Tower base and buildinigs must avoid as much as possible farmland and forestry land. b. It is requil-ed to utmost use existing earth for foundation conlstr-uctioIn. Large-scale earth cUttinlg and back-filling must be avoided. After completion of tower base, vegetation recovery is required. c. Materials reqtilred by electnrc power line shall be completed maniually, thuts to avoid possible damage to the natLral environment. d. Wire lashing shall use tensioni and hauling machlilies so to reduce tree CUtting and avoid damage to the \'egetatioll. e. No pesticides would be used. 10. 1.9 M/[aterial sites and t-anspor-tation ( I ) Protectioni of uwater quality a. Inter-cepting and drain'ing ditches must be built in the stonie-chip Fielcls; settling tanlks must be bLilt unlder- the stone-clip fields wuhere rLnoff is produced. b. It is required to enhance the management of sand mining so to avoid the negative impacts of SS on water quality. (2) Air environment a. Trucks carrying bulk dust-producing materials must be covered to avoid dusting. Overloading must be prohibited. The showering materials must be cleaned promptly. b. The roads for canying materials must be frequently water-sprayed. c. It is to build stone crushing shelter to prevent dust spreading. (3) Acoustic environment a. The blasting in quarries shall be done in two times respectively at 11:50 and 17:50. b. It is to control the working time for transport. Trucks are not allowed to pass the residential areas at the rest time sections, respectively of 12:30-2:30 and 22:00-7:00. (4) Ecological environment and conservation of soil and water a. All mining of materials must apply for the mining rights and approved mining area. No additional area shall be allowed. b. Earth excavating in borrow pits must be done horizontally. The surface earth must be stacked in a place. When it rains, the excavating surface must be covered by water-proof fabric. When earth excavating completes, ecological recovery via earth covering is required. c. Around the material stacking yards where easily cause surface runoff, preventive measures, such constructing waste retaining wall, must be taken to prevent water erosion. 10.2 Measures for environmental protection in the stage of operation 10.2.1 Protection measures for aquatic environment (1) Measures of preventing oil seepage of the pivot The unit selected shall not seep the oil; at the same time, the seeped oil collecting pit and accident treatment basin shall be arranged in the workshops; meanwhile, the oil-water separator shall be provided to treat various seepages and the oily sewage. (2) Treatment of the domestic sewage in management station Secondary sewage treatment system shall be provided in the management station. The sewage in management station will be discharged into the domestic sewage treatment station after pretreatment in septic tank; as to the secondary treatment of the sewage, it will adopt the embedded domestic sewage treatment unit. The main process flow of sewage treatment is as follows: Domestic sewage s t tsterilizatio Discharged (3) Treatment of waste water from the ship Strengthen the control over the domestic sewage and oily sewage; the ship shall be provided with necessary domestic sewage treatment facilities and oil-water separator according to the requirements of the related authorities; it is forbidden to discharge sewage from the ship in the reservoir area. As to the domestic garbage from various ships, the storage cabinet shall be provided on the 152 ships- the domestic garbage shall be collected in the form of centralization and then will be sent to the garbage treatnment site on1 the bank for treatment. 10.2.2 Treatment measures of solid wvaste The domestic waste in the management station will be collected in the garbage can and then will be transported to the urban garbage site for treatment. 10_.3 Ecological envirornment (1) Terrestrial ecological protection 11) strengthen the constructioni of ecological protection forest system aroumd the reservoir, effectively manage the various plants in the reservoir bank and the green area; if the dead tree is found. anotlher tree shall be replanted in time. 02 as to the production migrationi area, control well the developmenit scale of the land, prevent the excessive development of the farmland in the reservoir area and prohibit destroying the existing ; w,voodland. 03 Recover the vegetation in the wash land and put an end to opening tup wasteland on the waslh land so as to prevent the landslip and collapse of the river bank. (2) Protection of animals (O9 StrenuJthen the protection of -the Aiild anim1als in the reservoir area and arrange personinel to protect thenm to prevent wide animals fiom being porclhes for. '19 Since the bottomland at the river valley is inundated, the kinds and the amount of the birds in the reservoir area will inevitably reduce. If the measures of building altificial watersplash zone are adopted -uad the sites for the birds for activities and seeking for food are increased, the influence degree will be reduced. (3 After water retain-ing of the dam, most of the animials that previously resided arotund the river banks \ill Tigrate to other places quickly, whvile there will be some animals staying belhind looking during the primary period of water impoundinig to see whether they can adapt to the new enviro-unent. In this peniod, it is necessary to organize people to patrol for protection so as to avoid any animal huniting in the chaos of the animals or excessive disturbing. Th-is will help to retain more antimals to live in the reservoir area. (3) Protection of fishes In order to thoroughly make clear the infltuenices on the ecological and fishery resoturces in the water area from th-is project, the environnieht administrations of the project shall assist with the aquatic product departments in ftuther nmonitoring so as to obtain the comprehensive data and provide basis for making reasonable measures. Fishway and Fish protection station shall be constructed and completed together with the main-body projects and put into operation at the same time. If the fishes rctlnot proliferated ma-nnually in th-e reservoir, there will no fishes for fishing gradually. According to related information, the process of nutrient enrichment in some areas is veiy quick after the reservZoir is built, mainly because the phytoplan-ikton increases rapidly while the silver carp and bighead carp directly using the phytoplanlk,ton are in serious lack, the phytoplankton as the second link in the aquatic organism food chain can be bred. Since the phytoplankton is largely bred and t can provide a lot of feedstuff for the fishes, if they are not used, the fished will die, in this way, it will influence the water quality. Therefore, it is 1.1'' , .1 by the experts that a large ntumber of fishes that eat the plhytoplanktoin shall be put into the reservoilr especially the local fishes. The local kinds mainly include Yilchaan dolphintfishes, N4akou fish, bream, cruciain and so on; in light of the kinds weifed in 153 the present stage, they are the main kinds in this area. They can pur-ify the water quality to keep the amount of the fishes in a stable level; othervise. the fishes in the reservoir will reduce rapidly and it will influence the ecological \water envir-onmiiient. Artificial aquicultuLre is one of the effective methods to proliferate the fish resources, maillly used for proliferating the resources of tlhe freshw1Nvater fish and the miggrating fislh, w'itl good effect. Taking Taihu Lake as an example, since the water conservancy was built and the darn was built on the riverlvay, the passage for the migration of the fish was interruLpted, the four domesticated fishes cannot reproduce by themselves ; the output of the fish abruptly has falled down fi-om 1950s; however, since the kinds and the quantities of the small rough fish increase, the composition of the fish meets with chan-ges. According to the information about the feedstuff in the water area, ichthyofatna composition, economic benefit and the probibality of the fish fry breeding, the four domesticated fishes are selected and are put into the water area with the size of 13-16cm, good effects are achieved, Fish protection station shall be proliferate the four domesticated fishes. Fishway will reduce the influence to migrating fish. 10.2.4 Conservation of water and soil (1) The repairs of the facilities of the main works and conservation of water and soil, as well the nursing of plants shall be carried out; (2) It is to enhance the afforestation of the office and residential areas. 10.2.5 Environmental sanitation (1) Workers and nearby residents of the reservoir shall receive periodical random medical checks. (2) It is to tundertake periodical activities of wiping out mosquitoes, mice and flies. 10.2.6 Enviro-nmental geolog,y It is required to undertake periodical monitoring and maintenanice of the stability of reservoir bank-s in the protection area. Any dangei-ous condition must be treated on emergeency basis. 10.2.7 Material stacking yards (1) It is required to make good mainitenance of the vegetation on the wvaste fields so that good vegetation covening rate can be ensured. (2) It is required to enhlance the measuLres for conservation of water and soil in the waste stone fields until the ecological environment tums stable. (3) It is needed to strengthen the repairs on the waste blockinig dam in the wvaste fields so to avoid collapse. 10.2.8 Electric power line (1) It is required to provide fi-equent repairs on the works of wvater and soil conservation and nurIs-ing of the vXegetation. (2) It is required to strengthen the monitoring of electromagnetic radiationi. In case electromagnetic radiationi caulsed by power supply linie is founld, necessamy measul-es mutst be taken. (3) Sound isolation devices shall be installed for powerhouse and klept mainitailned regularly. 10.3 Environmental Protectioni Measures for the Environmental Sensitive Zone The nearest distance betwveen the senrsitive points of atmosphere and acoustic enlir-onm111en-t I.- I involved in this project and the site is about 600mn, and the pollution influences will not be brought about after operation of the project, the protection shall not be carried out in operation period. The niearest distance between the water catchmnent of the domestic water at the upper reaches of the site and the site is 15Km; the influence on water catchment is positive after the operation of the project and bad influences will not be brought out. Therefore, it is not necessary to carry out protection in operation period. As to the water catchment 6f the water for industry near to the site, it is not necessary to carry out protection as well. In view of the importance of the above-mentioned domestic water and industrial water to the residents and the industries at the upper reaches of the site, it is necessary to strengthen the control over the ship coming and goincg in operation period to prevent the occurrence of the pollution accidents. 10.4 Environment Protection Investment Estimate Enviiomtnent protection investment estimate of the plroject is shown in Table 10.4-1. Table 10.4-1 List of environmental measures and investment estimate 2~~~~~~~ _ . _ C Ces q r, 1 Water fion tile foulidation pit shall be discharged after it reaches up to the standard in the sedimentation basin. 2. The water for processinig the sand and stone shall be dischar-ged after it reaches up to the standartd after sedimentation in the scdimr ntatioin basini. C _ I1 3. The tcrimporar1 living sewvage in the constiLictioni area shall be ticatecl in fhe sewal e pun icr. Protection of water 4. The managemnent station shall be established in the constiuctioni Contiactor 170.0 quality area and the livitig sewage shall be dischaiged after treatment in the owviner 0 embedded integral sewage treatmenit equipment and reaciiing up to the standard 5. The waste wvater with oil fiom constiLictioin and the ship shall be discharged alter tircatimenit by the oil-water separator 6. The domestic water shall be used after treatmenit and disinfection; it is Forbidden to directlI discharge the ConstttiCioll waste residue and garbage and so on into I lan River. 1 The ti-ansportationi of constiLictionimaterials will adopt the form of enclosure and enclosinig cover and so on1. Air enviioiiliieiit 2. As to the working sectoon or consnructioin road that can produce the Owner 22.00 flying dust easily, the wvater shall be sprayed frequenitly to fall the dust: the times shall be deteminiecl dependilig on the flying dust. 3. install dust collection equipmiienit in tihe mixing plant. 1 The equipmelnt Withi highi noise shall be placed in the place far Acoustic away l-om the camp buildinig andc residenit area: at the sacme time, a ent ironimenit cCltai nuitiibcr ol anti-nioise articles shall be provided to deliver to tile 0%n 15.00 w or ker s at thie Constructioln poilnt with highinoise. 2. Use lihe equipillellt with low noise as mucIh as possible and install sound insulatio foir the power generator. 3. Install noise insulalion andlibrationireduction equipIllelnt for l_____ L|______m achine w ith high noise. 4. Reasonablv arTange the time and do not use the machiine with hi_h |noise near the sensitivc place in rest period. 5. Reasonably arrange the working section. carly out the constructioni of the workiing SCCtiOln \\ ithout influencc at the sensitive place in test pen-iod or schooltime I. The constnliction1 of dam shall not be car-ied out in the season of reproduction of hydrophytic organism. 2. Strengthen the protectionl of the antimal in the reseivoir area thlrough patrol and plrohibit poachinig for the wile aniimals. 3. Do well in cleaning the bbtorn of the reservoir: the plant that can be transplanted shall be tr-anisplanited as imluch as possible; the one that caniot be tiansplanited shall be utilized after cutting. 4. Build cemenit-laid stonie masonry retaininig wall, interceptioni ditch and drainage ditch and so on in the place where the soil erosion exists. 5. Adopt tu-f slope protection for the side slope; all temporary lanid for constuiction shall be planted with trees anid grass after the constrctioll is completed. Ecologic 6. Peel off the cultivation layer on the surface layer before the slag is envilolinimenit thrown. pile out thiemiand adopt temporaD, protection mneasures. protectioni and the 7. Wlicn the slag is throwi. the slag retaining bank shall be built at Ow1ner 1616. conservation of soil tehslope toe and plant grass breed on the slope surl-ace. 04 and water 8. Adopt protection slope at the upper reachies of the earth dam and adopt grass liar piotectin.o the slope. 9. Afler the slag is thrown in the slag waste yard, the vegetation shall be recovered. 10. build drainage ditch in the resettlemenit area, soil retaininig wall and protectioni slope aiid so on1. I1. build interceptino cllich and drainage ditch in Zhuanlgjiachiolig clay yard had set up temporary sedimenitationi tank. Carry out second plowing of thie m aterials y'ard aller borrowings and the aiea is 7.1 2ha. 12. he Ioverhulden layer of the sand and the stonie yard at Fenghuangotaii and Loninmentan shall be piled out; the side slope shall be contiolled within 1:2 and the height shall be controlled within 2m; the suLrface laver shall be protected with temporal's' vegetation measuLres. Fished protection station shall be constructed anid completed togetlhe Owner Aquatic ecology wvith the maini-body projccts and put into operationi at the same time. Fdsheily 60 Fishway shall be constrLucted and completed together with the Owner 600 main-body' projects anid put into operation at the same timile. 1. Thc waste sites such as the toilets, cesspits and pens for livestock shall be saniitized in an all-round way and the gnat, fly and rat shall be perished. 2. ConstiLct public toilet in the constiLictioni area and sauitize fi-Cquerntly. 3. Carty out health examination for the personinel enterinig the construction area: c'ly (Ut reguLla physical check for the constructol-s atnd carry out prevention and immunulaity work accordinig to the Owner l Crowdlealtil diseases. Local medical 60.00 4. Carry Out salety. and sanitation managemilenit for the food for Ullit constructor; supelvise and check the purchase and processilng process ol the lbod. 5. Protect the water quality for drinking, educate the constructors to have the good sanization habit: the water fiom the local shall be saniiized before USinlg. 6. the domestic garbage shall not be piled out randomly and it shall be piled in centralization and treated ullifolrmily; it can be trcated with the soil waste and the special garbage truck shall be puichased. Cultural relics Protect the cultural rclics accoidinig to the priniciple of impoltant Owner anid protection protection and important excav ation: the excavation area is I 000111-. culotectioal ulnit Env.ronmental I. As to the place \\here the lealkage of the reservoir may happen shall 150.0 geology' be pi-otected with the measuL-es sucIh as groutinlg. coverilng,. blockling Owner 0 and drainage for l edlucinlg tile pressuLre anid so onl. 2. As to the river secction wihere tile sCrIious bank slumiip may happel. Lthe meLISUItCs StiCIt as adopting protection slope. uLiloading. l______|______implovemnent and nuccssalr\ plant protection shall be taken. l l I 56 3. bulild drainage. sy'stem lor the fanrming laind anid the buildings that mav be inundated: chmang the load of the StruICtLure anid str-engLtheni thle foundation of the buildinig and so on. 1. As to the sanitization cleaning of the toilets. dunghill, corral, muck ditchi and so on. if it can be used as fertilizeF, use it as the fertilizer: once it caninot be used as the fertilizer. tainsport it to the slag waste treatment yard lbr unilorimi treatment. 2. as to the cleanlilng of grave. the graves in the reseivoir area shall be mo\ed to the wasteland for resettlement: the one wvithout an owner Environment at the shall be sanitized: the skeleton shall be buried outside the sanitizationi 70.00 bottom of the protection belt. Owner reseivoir 3. Removal and cleaninig of the buildings. The garbage cleaned shall be transported to the landfill for cleaning: the wall foundationi and the toe shall not be higher than 0.3m of the ground. 4. Cleaninig oflthe vegetation. The plants in the reseivoir area shall be transplanted as mIluchl as possible. As to the one that caninot be transplanted, it shall be cut lor use; as to the one that cannot used, it shall be buL-mied at the place and the ash shall be used as fertilizer. Water quality I. Build interceptinig and drainage ditch at the ciLished stone site; build protectioni sedimentationi tank at the place where the runoff produces uindel the I slied stone yard. Owner 7.00 2. The manageLment ol the exploitation process of the sand pit shall be str-engillened to avoid the iniluenices on the water quality firom the SS. T1.he vehicles fbo transporting the materials with dust shall be covered with tarpaulin to prevenit the flving of the materials; the cZ ] | transportation of the sand. stone and the wastes shall not overloaded to avoid the showering along the road; once the showering happens. Air envir-oniment clean it in time. Owner 8.00 12 Spray the \water on1the materials transportation road to extract the dust: the times shall be determined dependinig on the actual flying Lduist. 5 ______3. Build stone crushing sheld to prevent the diffusing of the dtust. 1. The blasting of the stone pit shall be carried out in two times at - Acoustic 11:50 in the moniniig and 5 5( in the afternoon furthernlmore, the . environmlilenitspecial persoin shall bhassigned to take charge. Owvner . i 7. ~~~~~Coniti-oltile tranisportation timie anid stop the passing of the o______I transportatioin vehicles throughI the resident area in the r est period. 1. The exploitationi surface of all materials yards shiall get the legal exploitation rigilt and area and the exploitationi area shall not be Ecologic enlarged randomly. environment 2 The soil materials ya-d shall he excavated horizoitallyv the surface protection aid the soil shall hc piled in centralization: whien the raini happenis. the Owner 25.5 conservation of soil excavated stiraCCe sh1all hc covelrcd With WatCl-pi-0oolin1 cloth: aftel- the and wxater orbornrow,- Ll i . .. Ii i i 3. Build slag retaining wall at lhe place arounld the materials yard wheie the r1unloffhappCn1s. foi~cnvimcrint 1. I'lan the power tranisimiissioni ciicuit scientifically: the tower CrW\tDiqnO&la lhd fotindation andl the bulildiilg shiall not occupancy tile farming laild ad _ daxrai.enoiuss t | the loiest land as ImluChI as possible. 2. Use the forimiler soil excavation forundationi as mtiLc as possible to a\ oid the large exceLitioun aitI backlfillino: after the tOwer fouLndation is finished, IrecovCI thC vcetation. 3. Atler completioii of the construction, recover the special O 25.00 constrtictioil pavemlenlt. 4. Thle consit-uctioni of the equipmenit with higil noise shall not be calTied oult near- the residenit place. 5. The materials ibr virinng shall be tranisported by manpower to avoid destroying the naturlal environm-ient fioin thie tranisportationl road. 6. Lay otit the ciiCtiit with tension and hauling enginie to redtIce the I______|___ CLIttil-. olihe trees anic destro)iing he vegetation. I. BuIid septic tank in tie camp bUildingrs to treat the livingJ sewage. Water quality 2. The livng giralrige anid sewage in the camp btuilding shall be Owner 5.00 protectin treatecd and it is prohibited to potir and discharge the \vater body. I. Spray water on the constiLictioni place w\here the flying dust exist Air environment easily wer 30 2. TleC asphalt miXing pl-ant shiall be placed in the clear place. 300fm Owner 3.00 I______I______- a-say li-om the wind cirectioni of the sensitive points. _ _I 13? 1. The large construction Imachinie and equipmenit working field shall Acoustic be far away li-om the adjacent sensitive point, the distance shall not be O environment I less than 200m: hlieconstiLictioni shall be stopped fiom 22:00 at night wner to 7:00 in the moroning at the sensitive section. 1. Reasonably arran-ge the direction of the roads, frilly use the formier Ecologic pavement, occupancy the farminig land and reduce the ecologic environment destroY due to the excavation of the road. Owner 15.00 2. carry out greening recoveiy and second plowing on the temporawily occupied forest land or farming land in time. 0 c-n z . 1. AlTange oil Iakinig collection tanlk and accident treatment tank in the worklshop: at the same time, provide oil-water separation unit to treat various sewage with oil. ra erc o 2. Establish secondary sewage treatment system in the management (>,, , - Water environimenit station, namely equip embedded living sewage treatment unit. Autorities 80.00 3. Strenggthen the managemnent of ship pollution; the necessary living sewage treatimienit facilities aid oil-water separation unit on the ship to 'r2 avoid discharge the waste water within the reservoir. 4. Collect the domestic garbage fiom the ship and treat it on the bankc: do niot thlr-ow it randomli. rn 1. Strrengtihenl ecologic protectioni forest system constructioni near the reservoit; efllectively maniage the various plants in the bank and the greening area: once the dead plant is f`un1d. plant a new one in timile fotr supplementation. 2. As to the productioni resettlement area, control the land o developimienit scope, prevenit the expansioni of the land and shlrinlk of the forest land. 3. Recover the vegetation at lirst and put an end to Ctiltivatilng the swastelanld to prevent tihe s creepwash and collapse of the bank. 381.0 4. Str-eillieni thie prolectioni of the wild animiials in the reservoir area Authiorities 0 o arranige personnlel for patrol to prevent poaching for the wild animals. 5. Strengtien the moniitoring of the fisheiy resotirces in the reservoir ra area: in necessary, pult in a certain number of local fishes to mainitain the balance of the fishes of the reservoir area. __ 6 Strengthen the maintenance of various water aid soil conservation 2 fitacilities in the special works area of the main proqect as well as the plint faci Iities 7. Strenigtilhci tihc grening and ,, work in the ollice and livinig area. Env.ronmental 1. Carry oult health sampling check for the stalT and the residents near sanvio eitation the reser-voir ar-ea. Authiorities 10.00 sauntationl 2. Destroy the gnats. rats and tlies and so on. Environmrriental Monitor anid mainitaini the stability of the reseivoir banik of the oeolor V protectioni area of the project regularly; as to the section wvithi AutIlol-ities 30.00 geology danigerous conditioni give emergency treatmiienit. I. Maintain tile Vegetation in the wvaste soil yard every year. 2. Streingthieni the maintenance and repair for tile conservation of soil F' rT < . , °. and water of' varlious measures in the stone 'waste ard uLitil the Autilolities 15.00 o ecologic enrvironment is stable. 3. Maintain the slag retaining dam in the waste materials yard. Conservation ol'soil Maintain xatcr anti( soil conrcrvation works frequently and mainitain 2.00 and water the vegetation. Electromagnetic Strengthen the monitoring of'the electromilagnietic radiation; once the pmt-,t slectrmgStioion lise iinlIueniced by the electromilagietic radiation, the 5.00 vJ pl otection ~electromia,anctic pi otectioll in asui-es slhalil be taklen Po\\er f Install noise insUlation facilities in the poWehLIouse and maintain the genel larcilities. 20.00 ation Water.enironmenCheck and mainitaini the r-oad drainage systemn firequelItly to ensuL-e the 5.00 Water______urblockness of'tlhe drainage system. Air enivironimilent Sprayvwater on tile road surface according to thie water. 8.00 Acoustic Thle proteclioll measuLres shall be takeni at the sensitive points where 5.00 en\ ir onilincit the noise excceds lihc stindard accordinig to the monitorlilng results. Ecologic 1. Check tile gLass and thc tree at bothi sidcs of'the road fi-equently: renvironment oncc the dead trees aLn(dgrass are foulid, plait for supplementation. Traffic safetv' FSet Up varios tillrlic sahlctv signi plates in the sections where the 200 ______|__ accidents may_happen. Total of investimient estimate of civir-onimieintal protectioll measul-es 4033.54 1 5 11.0 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE Public participation and consultation is an important part of the work of estimating the environmental influences of the project construction as well as a kind of bi-directional exchange between the owner, estimation unit and the public. Through public participation and consultation, the environmental problems cared by the public can be really understood so as to assist the related authorities with preparing practical and reliable environmental protection measures so that the environmental estimation of the project to be constructed can be more popular and the conclusion is more suitable for the practice just to ensure the project can realize its expected social and economic benefit. Cuijiaying Pivot is a multipurpose project, which takes shipping as the main, gives consideration to power generation and supports the shipping with power. The construction of this project not only can beautify the natural environment, but also is beneficial to the planning, development and construction of Xiangfan Port, Yuliangzhou Tourist Ecological Island and the cultural and historical relics along the banks of the reservoir area so as to make Xiangfan a new tourist scenic area and improve the urban water catchment conditions, which is good to develop the municipal construction and livestock breeding. The construction is inevitable to indirectly and directly influence the economic and cultural lives of the residents around the reservoir in many aspects, especially, for example the problems such as removal and resettlement and land purchase and so on that revolve in the immediate interest of the public. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop public participation and consultation. 11.1 Objective of Public Participation (1) To make the public understand the objective and scale of the construction of the project and construction place as well as the influences on the areas around the project in related aspects after it is built and the countermeasures and measures to be adopted, and to let the public express their opinions so as to get understanding, support and cooperation of the public; (2) Through the local residents' consultation results about the personal and object experience in the inhabited and living environment, it can help analyze the characteristics of the polluted environment in this area and the existing quality level of the environmental factors so as to reflect the objective degree of the environmental estimation and protect the immediate interest; (3) The public are similar with the resources such as natural ecology, economic development, living and physical values involved in environmental influence estimation, through public participation, they are invited to participate in confirming the measures of protecting resources and environment; in this way, their requirements can be understood; as a result, various environmental protection measures put forward in this project will be more practical and effective; (4) to make the public have chance to participate in discussing the construction feasibility of the decision-making project. 11.2 Performance of public participation and survey 11.2.1 Surveytime In accordance with the corresponding requirements, during the period of preparing estimation outline and environmental estimation report (draft), two rounds of public participation and 159 survey at least will be performed. The first round has been carried out in Dec. 2003 during the period of preparing the environmental estimation outline and the second round is being carried out in Apr. 2004 during the period of preparing the environmental estimation report. 11.2.2 Scope and Method of Consultation The public consultation will cover Xiangfan City, Panggong Township and Dongjin Township. Virtually the entire project affected region will be covered under this public consultation program. The objective of the first round of public consultation is to explain the affected public the scope and contents of the engineering works and to listen to any concerns they may have about this project. The public opinions and concerns will be taken into full considerations during the actual impact assessment and mitigation measure planning. The second round of public consultation is to communicate the impact assessment and mitigation measures planning results to the affected public. In particular, the EA team will explain to the public how the issues and concerns raised by the public during the first round of the consultation have been addressed in the EA and what measures have been proposed to mitigate these issues. The EA team will have deternine through the second round of the public consultation whether the affected public is satisfied with the EA results and, in particular, mitigation measures. The public consultation will utilize the following forms: (1). Public meetings and hearings, mostly to be held in the rural areas which may be attended even by the illiterate people; (2). Group meetings, to be held mostly with NGOs, local government agencies, peoples' congress, and other interest groups; (3). Interviews, to be conducted mostly with key local government officials, key individuals such a, school teachers or township or village heads; and (4). Public opinion survey, using a pre-prepared questionnaire (See Table 11.2-1). The EA team would carry out public consultation by means of questionnaire and public meeting. order to ensure an extensive scope, objects have been classified into the following groups: (1). Affected residents, industries and institutions. (2). NGO: People's Congress, local CPPCC, village organizations and social groups. (3). Government departments: local environment protection bureau, water conservancy departrnen forestry departments, transportation departments, cultural bureaus, etc. During the preparation of this Outlines in December 2003, there were a total of 580 people participat in the consultation exercise, including those directly affected by the project in the area as village institutions and enterprises, as well as local environmental, tourist, forest, garden, water conservanc agriculture, forest, and communication authorities. 160 Table 11.2-1 Public participation questionnaire Project name Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivotal Project at the Han River Location Survey time Month Day 2004 Category Public consultation Investigator - Name Sex Age Nationali ty B Education Professional Unit or address Relation with the project Investigation record No. Item Category 1 Support the project? Yes No Do you understand relation between the Clear 2 project and you? Not too clear Not clear Air 3 Attitude on the current pollution impact: Water Noise Ecology Others Treat pollution in a 4 What pollution mitigating measures do specified time you recommend to take? Build the project in other area Enhance management Others 5 Do you understand the relocation Yes compensation policies? No 6 Resettlement location you hope? The same village Other area 7 Do you agree at the relocation? Yes No Other suggestions and requirements on 8 the project Survey unit: SHEIDI Notes: 1. Investigator and informant shall sign the questionnaire. 2. This Questionnaire can be used for units, groups and communities, but the column Infonnant shall be indicated with the name of unit, group or community. 3. Items I to 7 shall be marked by informant with " V " or " X 161 After the outline is prepared, State Bureau of Environmental Protection organized and held "Technical Evaluation Meeting of Environmental Influence Evaluation Outline of Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivotal Project" on Apr. 20 - 21, 2004, the experts and representatives, totaling 25 persons, from State Bureau of Environmental Protection, Environmental Engineering Estimation Center, Environmental Protection Office of Ministry of Communications, Chinese Academy of Environment Science, Aquatic Organism Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Bureau of Communications, Hubei Bureau of Environmental Protection, Hubei Academy of Environment Science, Xiangfan Bureau of Communications, Xiangfan Bureau of Water Conservations, Xiangfan Bureau of Environmental Protection, the owner and the design unit, came to Xiangfan for reviewing Cuijiaying Site, Yuliangzhou, Xiangfan 4th Water Supply Factory, the pollution discharge of the water gate and the backwater area of Tangbaihe River. At the estimation meeting, the estimation units warmly discussed and exchanged with the experts attending the meeting about the preparation work of the environmental estimation outline and the situation of the construction of the project. The inquiry and consultation of this project in the period of report was carried out in Apr., 2004. There are about 2000 persons participating in the consultation and the informal discussion. The inquiry modes are public meetings, public opinion survey and informal discussion. All of 2000 persons come from the areas affected by this project. As to some pictures about the public participation, see the pictures. 11.3 Result Statistics of Questionnaires 1500 questionnaires are released for public participation in this survey, of which 1468 are returned effectively and the rate of withdrawal is 98%. The ages of the person participating in the survey are from 16 years to 70 years and their educational backgrounds are from primary school to university. The collection of the public questionnaire survey is shown in Table 11.3-1. 162 Table 11.3-1 Statistic table of questionnaire survey with the participation of the public Ratio the answer accounts for(%) No. Question (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 1 Do you support the construction of the project: 98.8 (1) yes (2) no Do you understand some information of the 2 construction of the project related to yourself? 34.1 64.7 1.2 (1)clear (2)not so clear (3) not clear The attitude towards the existing pollution 3 influence: 0.2 81.7 1.1 68.1 0 (1) air (2) water (3) noise (4) ecology (5) others In your opinion, what measures shall be taken to slow down the pollution? 4 (1) improve it in limited period (2) the project 85.7 0.2 34.1 0 shall be built in another place (3) the management shall be strengthened (4) others Do you know the policy of compensation for 5 removal? 58.8 41.2 (1) yes (2) no 6 The place you want to be resettled? 87.3 12.7 (1) this village (2) other places Do you obey the decision of removal and 7 resettlement? 100 (1) yes (2) no According to the survey results, the following collected opinions and suggestions are obtained: (1) The degree of understanding this project With carrying out the work of the construction of the project in initial stage, the panned project has been understood by more and more people. In the persons surveyed, as to the question that do you understand some information of the construction of the project related to yourself? The ones who understand the information account for 34.1%, the ones who do not understand the informnation about the project account for 65.9%, in addition, the ones accounting for 1.2% are 163 not clear about the project; the ones accounting for 98.8% agree the construction of the project and the ones accounting for 1.2% express that they will make known their position after further knowing the detailed information of the project. It can be seen that most of the persons understand the construction information of the planned project not so much; at the sarne time, a few of them do not know or care for the construction situation of the construction of the planned project, therefore, it is necessary to publicize the detailed information of the construction of the project to get a much wider support of the local residents. (2) The opinions to the land purchase, removal and resettlement and so on Among the surveyed persons, as to the question that do you know the policy of compensation for removal, the ones who know this policy account for 58.8%, the ones who does not know the policy accounts for 41.2%; when asked the questions of removal and resettlement involving in himself, the ones who want to be resettled on the local account for 87.3% and the ones who want to leave the local only account for 12.7%, no one disobey the policy of removal and resettlement. (3) The influences on the environment from the construction of the project and the countermeasures After the workers answer some questions, most of the public (accounting for 81.7%) think the influence on the water environment from the construction of the project is the largest, 68. 1% of them think the construction of the project will have great influences on the ecological environment, 1. I% of them think the construction of the project will bring about a certain noise influence and 0.2% of them think it will have influence on the atmosphere. As to the measures that shall be taken to slow down the influences on the environment, 85.7% of them think the measure of improving it in limited period is a very good measure; 34.1% of them require to strengthen management. 11.4 The complaint and requirements of the consulted objects It is found in public inquiry and survey that the public near the project care most for the purchased land, inundated land and the compensation for removing the house and all of them require that the regulations of the policy be strictly carried out for reasonable compensation so that they can benefit from the project. The villagers in the affected area who accept the interview, not only support the construction of the project, but also care more for the problems of inundation and resettlement as well as the estimation of the influences on the geological aspect, firstly, they are afraid that after the project is built and the houses and lands are inundated, their lives in the future will be influenced; secondly, they are afraid the collapse of the reservoir bank will further damage the lands on which they rely for existence; therefore, they hope the related authorities give great attention to the estimation and the protection measures. 164 At "Technical Evaluation Meeting of Environmental Influence Evaluation Outline of Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivotal Project" held by State Bureau of Environmental Protection, many experts especially pointed out that at present, the discharge capacity of the river section in Xiangfan was large, the process of prevention and control of pollution was relatively slow, according to the principle of "three early and three late" issued by the State Council, it is necessary to quicken the construction of the sewage treatment works of the river section in Xiangfan City and to make sure the sewage is discharged after it reaches up to the standard before Cuijiaying Pivot is built, which is also the basic precondition of building Cuijiaying Pivot. Therefore, it is suggested that the local authorities press on with carrying out the work about this aspect to create good environment for the construction of Cuijiaying Pivot. 11.5 Information Disclosure During the first round of public consultation, a simple data sheet was prepared and passed around to the affected people. In the second round, the decision-making schemes of the project (EIA report and RAP) will be placed in the public libraries in the Xiangfan city. Copies of these documents will also be placed in selected townships to be more readily accessed by the rural public. The objective is for the affected public to understand the EA process, engineering components, results of impact assessments and mitigation measures planned. The public will be further invited to express their concerns and opinions on EA results, which will be included in the EMP where appropriate. Public media such as local newspaper, public broadcasting systems (radio or cables in the countryside) and public information boards to inform the public of the information about the project, public consultation programs, availability of the EIA report and EMP. The EA and relevant project information will also be released in website. Xiangfan Daily published the information that the experts from World Bank and the internal experts assessed Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivotal Project on Feb. 13, 2004, Feb. 26, 2004 and Apr. 15, 2004 just to make the masses further understand this project; the photoprints of the newspaper are shown in the attachment. 165 12.0 ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES OF ALTERNATIVE SCHEME 12.1 Analysis of Environmental Influences of Selection of Site Schemes 12.1. lAnalysis of project characteristics of site scheme According to the planning in the river section, Cuijiaying Pivot is located in the 107Km river section from Xinji to Yakou, in view of the river regime, tread water level connection and fully making use of the water power, the selection and determination of Cuijiaying Pivot site can take the 15Km river section from Gaojiageng to Liuji into account. The right bank of this river section is hill, Grade I terrace is narrow and long striped and it extend discontinuously; the foreside of the hill at some sections reaches to the river front; the left bank is gentle, the flood plain terrace grows up and they connect with each other. In the limited river section, two sites are selected for comparison, the upper site is located in the borrow area of Qianjiaying Tilery, the lower site is located in Village VI of Qianjiaying, it is about 600m away between both sites. The upper site: the upper site is located in the borrow area of Qianjiaying Tilery, with 80° included angle with the direction of the main flow of the river course, the width of the river bed is about 570m in low water, the elevation of the bed surface is about 52-55m, the long and narrow ait with the width of 170m and the elevation of 55m is in the middle of the river bed, and a 2.1km wide marginal bank at the left side of the river bed connecting with Hanjiang Levee, the upper reaches at the right bank mainly stand tho apartments and the hospital for staff of Hubei Pharmaceutical Factory, and the lower reaches mainly stand Xiangnan Medicine Factory, tilery, primary school, shop and residential area and so on. The lower site: the lower site is located in the residential area of Qianjiaying, which is basically orthogonal with the direction of the main flow of the river course, the width of the river bed is about 570m in low water, the elevation of the bed surface is about 51.0-55.7m, the long and narrow ait (the extension of the ait at the upper reaches of river bed) with the width of 150m and the elevation of 56m is in the middle of the river bed, and a 2.1km wide marginal bank at the left side of the river bed connecting with Hanjiang Levee, the upper reaches at the right bank stand the subtransformer and welfare courtyard, and the lower reaches stand the highway maintenance squad and residential area of Qianjiaying and so on. 12.1.2 Comparison of environmental influences of selection of the site scheme The comparison of environmental influences of comparison and selection schemes of the upper and lower site is shown in Table 12.1-1. 166 Table 12.1- 1 Comparison of environmental influences of comparison & selection site schemes Positionl of site Upper site I Upper site Influence factor The base planes of the shiplock and The base planes of the upper and the workshops of the power plant are The head of the upperand located on dolomite and limestone lower head of the shiplock and the wit ston baigcpit. Pato one of some lock chambers are on the with strong bearing capacity. Part Of strongly decayed rock; the small solvi the base plane of the power plant is water-eroded cave still exists at the on the strong water penetration zone and inverse fault, it is necessary to upper section of the lock chamber GeologicalGeolgica makmake anti-seepageant-seeageand adrifcent reinforcement taken;teengineering the base planemeasures of themust power be condition treatment; the base plane of the water plant is on the dolomite and release gate is built on the grit stone limestone, with the existence of Fl layer; it is necessary to make . anti-seepage treatment; the inverse fault, the base plane of the foundati-seep thereatment; d is water release gate and the geological foundation of the earth dam condition of the foundations of the mediate and fine sand, th the earth dam are same to the upper dam problems of anti-seepage and line. liquefaction. Arrangement of pivot, operation ando, onsrution Both sites are basically similar. and construction condition The lower site has a large influence on the inundation of the farmland, it will Influences on increase 1702 mu farmland, but the indexes of the water power are better than ecological those of the upper site and the annual power output will increase 0.09 X environment 08kWh The quantity of removal and the TThe total area of removal for construction of the lower site is 1.1 X resettlement of the upper site is more 4 2 difficult that that of the lower site, the 10 m, the persons for resettlement area of removal for construction of are 175, it is mainly the tilery and the Influences on the upper site is 2.3 X 104M2, the houses for the farmers in Village VI social environment persons for resettlement are 2160, it of Qianjiayiing; The removal for psons for resette are 216, i construction is easy, the problems dormitory area of Hubei such as resettlement and so on are Pharmaceutical Factory. relatively simple and the expense is Palittle. The qualities of bill of civil works of both sites are approximately similar, but Quantityof bil the one of the foundation treatment of the lower site is relatively larger; the Quantity of bill consolidation grouting is 1034m more, the high-velocity spraying anti-seepage is 436m more and the curtain grouting is 185m more. Investmentinthe RMB 1,744,070,000 RMB 1,741,980,000 The arrangements of the project at the upper and the lower site are similar, and so do shipping, operation and construction conditions. The engineering geological conditions of the upper site is a little better than those of the lower site, the quality of bill of the civil works are relatively large; but the quantity of Comprehensive removal for construction of the dornitory area of Hubei Pharmaceutical Factory estimation is large, it is difficult and the expense is high, the total static investment in the project is RMB 12,460,000 more than the one of the lower site; furthermore, the indexes of water power utilization of the upper site is a little lower than those of the lower site. Through comprehensive analysis, the lower site will be the recommended site in this stage. Recommended I scheme scheme~~ ~ ~ 1 Recommended 167 12.2 Analysis of Environmental Influences of Selection of General Layout Schemes of the Pivot 12.2.1 Characteristic analysis of general arrangement schemes of the pivot According to the landform and the geology of the site area and the shipping condition of the shiplock, the general layout of the pivot project prepares two kinds of schemes. In this stage, Tianjin Scientific Research Institute of Water Transportation carried out overall fixed bed hydrotechnic model test and performed test research with many schemes into raising flush flow capability and improving the shipping conditions. The main achievements in the test has been combined with the work research report, however, some test results such as the length and the angle of declination of the upper and lower guide wall and other details, due to the change of the scale of the shiplock, they will, combining with the new model test, be applied in the next stage design. (1) Scheme I (the shiplock scheme at the right bank) The total length of the axial of the dam is 2150.2m, and the elevation of the dam top is 66.00m. The layout of the project from the right to the left is: The connection section is 60m, shiplock is 43m, the workshop of the power plant (including 57 long installation site) is 180m, 28-hole water release gates are 543.2 m and the earth dam is 1324m. Shipping construction: excavate the free channel at the bottomland and anabranch at the left bank for diversion and navigation. All buildings will be constructed in the whole year with the protection of the cofferdam. (2) Scheme II (mediate shiplock scheme) The length of the axis of the dam is 2111.2m and the elevation of the dam top is 66.00m. The layout of the project from the right to the left is: The connection section is 18m, the workshop of the power plant (including 46 long installation site) is 169m, 28-hole water release gates are 543.2 m, the shiplock is 43m and the earth dam is 1338m. Shipping construction: excavate the free channel at the bottomland and anabranch at the left bank for diversion and navigation. All buildings will be constructed in the whole year with the protection of the cofferdam. 168 12.2.2 Analysis of environmental influences of general arrangement scheme of pivot Analysis of environmental influences from water level scheme is shown in Table 12.2-1. Table 12.2-1 Comparison table of environmental influences of general arrangement scheme of pivot of~e~al arrangement Scheme I (the shiplock scheme at the Scheme II (shiplock scheme at the left Influence fact right bank) bank) It is difficult to reach up to the Take engineering measures and specified shipping standard; in optimizing the opening and closing of addition, since the shiplock is Shipping.condition the water release gate. The shiplock is arranged in the convex bank of the Shipping condition located in the concave bank of the main riverbed, together with the long river channel and the sand transitional section of the approach aggradations are little. channel, the problem of sand aggradations is large. The power plant is arranged in the main river bed at the left side of the The power plant is arranged near the shiplock, the condition of the water bank, the devices will enter the site flow at the water intake and outtake is directly, the wire from the power Opertioco .o good; the wire from the power plant plant can be introduced out Operation condition shall spans the shiplock; when the conveniently, the workshops are devices enter the site through the arranged in the main riverbed, the highway bridge of the shiplock, condition of the water flow at the reinforcement measures must be taken water intake and outtake is good. for the highway bridge. The quantity of bill of civil work in Scheme I is less than that in Scheme II (as Quantity of bill to excavation, 51.3 X 10 4m3 less than that in Scheme II and as to filling, 51 X 104m3 less than that in Scheme II). . Investment in the RMB 1,741,980,000 RMB 1,859,540,000 project Both schemes can meet the need of discharging flood. As to the shipping condition, Scheme I is better than that of Scheme II. After taking engineering measures and optimizing the opening and closing of the water release gate, both schemes can meet the need of shipping. There are some differences in Comreenvoperation and construction conditions as well as the engineering geology and Comprehensive power generation benefit, Scheme I is arranged compactly, and continuous estimation arrangement of the water release gate and earth dam is better for construction and convenient for operation, management and maintenance. The geological conditions of the shiplock are good, the quantity of bill and the investment will be saved; through comprehensive analysis, Scheme I will be the recommended scheme of the arrangement of pivotal project in this stage. Recommended scheme Recommended 12.3 Selection of Water Level Line Schemes 12.3.1 Characteristics analysis of water level line schemes In the feasibility study period, three water storage levels, namely 62.23m, 62.73m and 63.23m are selected for scheme comparison. The elevations of the dam top of the pivot set in three schemes are accordant, all are 66.23m; the dispatching and utilization modes are basically similar, just to adapt the need of flood discharging. Since the capacity of this pivot is small, the adjustment capability is limited, it is basically open 169 to discharge the flood in flood season, therefore, the backwater length of two kinds of frequency flow in flood season is short, the final position of the backwater is about 16Km for 20 years and 27Km for 5 years. The length of the backwater in dry season is 39.8Km (based on Nanzhi mileage). As to the backwater sections at the river mouth of two branches, when the floods at two frequencies happen, the water level at the river mouth will be raised within 0.5m and the discharging of the flood at two branches will not be influenced. In mediate and low water, the water level will be raised 2-3m, where the terrace surface at the river mouse of Xiaoqinghe River is higher than the water storage level, and there is no the problem that the land will be inundated; seeing from the topographic map of water channel in 1993, a few of the bottomland in the section of the mouth of Tangbaihe River will be inundated. Since the existing farmlands at both banks are higher than the natural mediate water level and low water level of the river, the irrigation for the farmland mostly depends on the power irrigation; at the same time, 5 water supply factories take water from Hanjiang River, since they adopt bailing method, the mediate and low water level of construction of the pivot will be raised, in this way, it will not restrict the bailing, it will play a positive role in stabilizing the bailing points since the water surface is stable and the change of the diara slows down. 12.3.2 Analysis of environmental influence of water line scheme The analysis of environmental influence of water line scheme is shown in Table 12.3-1. 170 Table 12.3-1 Comparison table of environmental influences of different water retaining line Waer level (in) _nevron(en 62.23m 62.73m 63.23m influence factor Inundation land (flood land) 2071 lmu land will be 24979mu land will be 28519mu land will be inundated. inundated. inundated. Land immerged (kin2 ) 1.61 2.12 4.34 There are no resident houses in the three water storage scheme ranges, not involving the Resettlement residents resettlement of the population. 7 drainage pump stations 7 drainage pump stations 8 drainage pump stations Urban drainage shall be built. shall be built. shall be built. 8 flood control pump 9 flood control pump 9 flood control pump Irrigation of farming land stations shall be built. stations shall be built. stations shall be built. Protection of reservoid bank 30.4km 30.4km 51km Treatment of cultural relics 2 sites 2 sites 2 sites Cleaning of reservoir Clean 24km2 forest wood Clean 30km2 forest wood Clean 33km2 forest wood bottom Remove 34000m3 baffle Remove 47000m 3 baffle Remove 59000m 3 baffle From the analysis it can be seen that the higher the water level is, the larger the influences on social and ecologic environment are; in order to reduce the contradiction of many people with little land after the reservoir begins water storage; and the larger the protection project for the inundated land is; while the lower the water level is, the connection between Compreensivassess backwater and the approach channel at the lower reaches is poor, it is necessary to improve it, in this way, the influence on surface water and aquatic organism will be strengthened. the high water level scheme can make the installed capacity and electric quantity of Cuijiaying project be maximum, the unit electric energy and unit kilowatt benefit index be the best, the unconnection of the shipping within the reservoir area be shortest and the secondary improvement bill of quantities be least. Recommended scheme I Recommended 12.4 Comparison of Environmental Influences between With and Without Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivot 12.4.1 Characteristics of building and not building Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivotal Project Before it is built, the water flow follows the natural rules. After it is built, the water flow at the upper reaches of the reservoir will slow down and the former natural conditions of the water flow in the river course will be changed. 12.4.2 Comparison and analysis of environmental influences between building and not building Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivotal Project Building or not building Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivotal Project involves in the influences on water flow form, water level change and aquatic organism and so on; the comparison table of the environmental influences between building or not building the dam is shown in Table 12.4-1. 171 Table 12.4-1 Comparison table of environmental influences between building and not building Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivot Environmental influence Building Cu.iaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivot Not building Cuijiaying Shipping and factor Hydropower Pivot Influences on ecological The water level will rise and it will inundate the land, Remain the former state, no influences influences woodland and other vegetation along the bank of the river. happen. The water level will rise and it will inundate 31786 mu land, in which the dry land is 13165 mu, vegetable plot is 29 mu, Inundation influence woodland is 8216 mu, nursery is 4 mu and waste land is 8565 No inundation influence. mu. The houses to be removed are 11514m2, 75 homes shall be resettled, involving in 275 persons. Influence on stability of The local bank slump may happen. Seldom the bank slump happens. the reservoir bank The change in the kinds and amount of the phytoplankton and zooplankton; the flow speed of the water in the reservoir will Influence on aquatic slow down after water storage, the fishes fond of flow will Fo11 th f organism reduce gradually and the migration fishes will reduce or disappear because it is difficult for them to migrate since they are obstructed by the dam. After water storage of the reservoir, one water body alike a lake will be formed at the upper reaches of the site, the water The water quality in dry season will be Infl c oflow speed will slow down, but the water quantity will w Influence on water quality increase; according to forecasting, after the reservoir is built, worst than the one at the upper reaches the water quality on the dam will not be better than that of not building the dam in dry season, When Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivot is built, the Influence on social and highway to the dam and on the dam will be built at the same Crowded traffic economic influence time, it will improve the traffic environment in this area and drive the economic development in this area as well. Air and noise Dust and noise influence will come in construction period. Dust in power plant and road noise Influences from sand The influence from sand aggradations will come on the dam No influence aggradations (in a short term). Building Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivot will The channel at Hanjiang River from make 39.8Km long channel at the upper reaches of the site be Xiangfan to Baihe River is not only the make39.8Km long channel at the upper reachesofthesitebe waterway channel for the materials in the one in reservoir area, it will create necessary conditions Hubei Province, but also the only Influence on traffic for "realizing the planning objective of the main channel in waterway for the water carriage of transportation freshwater waterway in 2020" in an all-round way, optimize materials from south of Shanxi province. the integrated traffic transportation network, assist the However, since at present the shipping national western development and drive the reasonable wgradeis low and the shipping conditions adjustment of the transportation structure in Shanxi and Hubei arep s les and advantag ofdwter Province. ~~~~~arepoor, its roles and advantages of water Province, I carriage are not put into play. After Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivot is built, it has bad influences on the ecological environment, inundation, the stability of the bank, aquatic organism, air, noise and sand aggradations; it only has positive influences on sight and the social environment in the site area; however, if it is not rebuilt, it is necessary to expend the construction of thermal power plant, in this way, the transportation pressure of the highway and the noise Comprehensive estimation along the highway will be increased and the influences on the air environment will increase, the dust in the power plant will have negative influences on the environment and air. It only in view of the environmental angle, building it will bring about more environmental problems than not building it. However, in light of the comprehensive social development need, .if enough attention is given to the possible environmental problems in construction period and proper measures are taken to make the environmental influences reduce to the lowest degree, building it is very significant. 172 13.0 MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 13.1 Environment Monitoring Plan 13.1.1 Objective of environmental monitoring Environmental monitoring includes the one in construction period and the one in operation period, the objective of monitoring is to investigate and understand the range and degree of influence on the environmental quality from the construction of the project in construction period so as to provide authoritative information in time and scientific basis for environmental management. 13.1.2 Environment Monitoring during the Period of Construction In order to monitoring the performance of various measures for environmental protection in construction period and understand the environmental influences from the project in operation period as well as to better understand the environmental quality in construction area and the discharging of the pollutants in different construction stages, it is necessary to carry out environmental monitoring in construction period. The monitoring period shall include the whole construction period and the contents include water quality, air, noise, solid waste and public health and so on. (1) Water quality monitoring (D Monitoring of sewage port Monitoring item: pH value, suspended matters, oily matters, COD, BOD5 , ammonia and nitrogen. Monitoring point: including the discharging port of domestic sewage, discharging port of sewage of foundation pit, discharging port of the sewage from sandy and rock materials processing system. Monitoring frequency: twice per year, once respectively in level period and dry season. The monitoring time shall be increased in the peak period of construction. © Monitoring of water quality of Hanjiang River at this section Monitoring project: pH value, water temperature, suspended solids, oils, indexes of hypermanganate, BOD5 , ammonian and total phosphorus. Monitoring section: one section shall be arranged respectively at the upper and lower reaches of Hanjiang River at construction area to collect the water sample of the surface layer. 173 Monitoring frequency: twice per year, once respectively in level period and dry season. The monitoring methods of water quality shall be carried out according to Monitoring and Analysis Method of Water and Waste Water (the second edition) issued by State Bureau of Environmental Protection. (2) Air monitoring Monitoring item: TSP, SO2 and NO2. Monitoring frequency: twice per year, once respectively in summer and winter, 5 days continuously for each time. Monitoring point: each monitoring point will be set respectively at the foundation pit, concrete mixing plant and living and office area. The monitoring and analysis methods will be carried out according to the specifications in Monitoring and Analysis Method of Air and Waste Air (1990) issued by State Bureau of Environmental Protection. (3) Noise monitoring Monitoring item: continuous effective sound level A. Monitoring frequency: once per half a year for the noise source and once per year for the environmental noise in construction boundary and living area. Monitoring point: each monitoring point will be set respectively at the foundation pit, concrete mixing plant and office area. (4) Monitoring of Public Health (Epidemic Situation) Regular statistics and analysis must be done for various infectious diseases and diseases caused by natural pestilential sources. Timely treatment must be followed once a new disease is found. Generally speaking, the statistics is done once every three months. The system of report of epidemic situation must be set up and timely report must be made and relevant measures must be adopted when a statutory infectious disease is found so as to get the development of the disease under control. For the highly dangerous public due to touching toxic waste water or detrimental substance, or those whose quarantine result is suspicious, health monitoring must be followed according to the different cases. (5) Monitoring of Water and Soil Erosion Contents of monitoring: to make sure the stacks of waste are piled as per the relevant regulations; to avoid destroying scenes; to prevent soil erosion caused by improper stacking of waste residues; to secure the safe stacking in the waste yard. It is strictly prohibited to dump the waste into the Han River. Regular examining must be done to keep the height of the stacks of the waste under 174 the designed height for piling up the wastes as well as to make sure the slope protection construction is done according to the designation. Checking the protection measures for critter on top of the wastes yard must also be done and tree planting and afforestation must be followed to prevent soil erosion. (6) Monitoring of other construction sites As for the construction situation of the reservoir, lower reaches, bridges and roads, material stacking sites and waste fields, aquatic eco-system and Terrestrial eco-system, the supervising and the managerial staff of the environmental protection department of the project must make daily inspection of the sites, so to have direct views of the general environmental quality, promptly discover environmental problems and analyze their developing tendency. The environmental monitoring plan of pivot and other works in construction period is shown in Table 13.1-1. The layout plan of environmental monitoring of the project in construction period is shown in Fig. 13. 1- 1. Table 13. 1-1 Environmental monitoring plan of pivot and other project in construction period Monitoring te Monitoring facor Monitoring point (section) Monitoring item freMoncy Monitoring unit X Sample the mixing water at the left, PH, water temperature, SS, Twice/year, middle and right 2km away from the CODMn, BOD5, oils, NH3-N twice/month for upper reaches of the dam site and total P SSb (Sample the mixing water at the left, middle and right 2km away from the Ditto Ditto lower reaches of the dam site Water quality ho)Sample mixing water at the drainage PH, SS, CODm, BOD5, oils Ditto Local environmental hole of the foundation pit and NH3-Nmoirngut (A)Sample mixing water at the drainage PH, SS, CODMn, BOD5, oils hole where the waste water is used for and NH3-N. Ditto washing the sand and stone materials (5)Sample mixing water at the drainage PH, SS, CODm, BODs, oils hole where the domestic sewage is and NH3-N Ditto drained to the river (OConcrete mixing plant system Twice/ for Air (2)Foundation pit of main dam Twice/year, for Local environmental Air (Pivot management and living area at TSP, SO2 and NO2 t5me monitoring unit the right bank (DFoundation pit of main dam Twice/year, once Noise (2)Concrete mixing plant system Equivalent and continuous A for every day Local environmental Noise )Pivot management and living area at sound level and night monitoring unit the right bank respectively Check the excavation waste Loss of water E position, height, protection Once/month, Local environmental waste dump slope and biological 12times/year monitoring unit and soil Excavabon purification measures at the top of the excavation yard Local environmental Heavy metals Dumped soil Heavy metals in dumped soil Once monitoring unit Bloody flux, virus hepatitis and Local healthy Crowd health Construction camp typhoid fever Once/season epidemic prevention department Others Reservoir and upper reaches Construction observation Everyday Environmental Bridge and road environmental quality protection 175 department of the Materials stock yard and waste bank project and construction Aquatic ecosystem land ecosystem supervision 13.1.3 Environment Monitoring Plan during the Operating Period (1) Monitoring of the Water Quality The change of the water quality at the inlet of the reservoir, in the reservoir and at the outlet of the reservoir after the reservoir is built must be monitored. If the result shows that pollution is aggravated or over the limit, timely report to the environment protection administration must be made in order to adopt the relevant measures for controlling the pollution sources and to guarantee the water quality to reach the function standard as regulated. Layout of the Sections for Monitoring: the principle of the layout is to control the quality of the water source from the upper reach of the river, and that of the water in the reservoir and that at the outlet of the reservoir. Five sections are to be laid out in the following places: No.4 Water Plant section (17 km upstream of the dam site); Qianying Section (6km upstream of the dam site and Yujiahu section (lkm downstream of the dam site). Monitoring Frequency: one monitoring each during low flow period, level period and high-water period; three days running each time for sampling at sections of the right, middle and the left. Monitoring items: totally 7 items, including water temperature, pH, SS, DO, CODmn, BOD5, ammonian. (2) Monitoring of Water Temperature After the Project is completed, the water temperature will show its firm layered structure. At that time monitoring of the vertical layered structure of the water temperature must be performed and the temperature of the flow or drain must be validated in order to adopt measures to reduce the influence on water for industrial and agricultural uses at the lower reaches of the river. Monitoring of the water temperature structure is to be done within the five vertical observation lines distributing in the left, middle, right zones of the dam and in the reservoir and at the tail of the reservoir. Monitoring frequency: the observation period is 5 years and the time for the same term observation is the fifth day, 15h day and 25th day of each month at 8:00. Monitoring items: the water temperature and the runoff at the outlet of the power station, the vertical water temperature of the reservoir, the water temperature and runoff at the inlet, the air temperature in front of the dam, water level, etc. (3) Monitoring of noise 176 Legend 7 Envirornmental monitoring sites during construction period: W(P©®®®(A)6waterqualitymonitoringsites A (D©® air quality monitoring sites N (i®02®3 noise quality monitoring sites r * sa '-s,- D (ii excavation waste dump monitoring sites ,-.-. Environmental monitoring sites during operation period: - W(M®) water quality monitoring sites N (i®® noise quality monitoring sites __.'__A 4- Figure 13.1-1 The layout plan of environmental monitoning of Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Pivotal Project Two monitoring points are to be set in the Junction Administration and Living Area at the right bank. Monitoring Frequency: two times of monitoring each year; Time and Method for Monitoring: as per the relevant requirements in Methods for Measuring of Environmental Noises in Urban Area (GB/T14623-93). (4) Monitoring of public health (epidemic situation) The change of the environmental conditions after the reservoir is built may place a premium on the prevalence of a certain infectious disease, therefore it is necessary to carry out the monitoring among the inhabitants so as to discover the epidemic situation in time and to prevent the prevalence and to reduce its effect on them. Monitoring items: diseases of historically high incidence, such as dysentery, malaria, viral hepatitis, etc. and the breeding of flies and mosquitoes around the reservoir and the density of rats. Monitoring alternative: general examination to be done regularly for public health in the reservoir area combined by positioned monitoring based on tracing. Qianying Team No.5 and No.6 are the monitoring points for tracing. Requirement for monitoring: one evaluation to be performed for epidemic situation and the popular examination of the public health of the reservoir area after functioning of the reservoir and hereafter once every three years. The monitoring period will last for 10 years. The investigation of epidemic situation must be well done for the traced public and file management must be set up for the epidemic situation. Investigation and analysis of the varieties, density and multiplying of the mass media of the diseases in the regions to be traced for monitoring must also be done. (5) Monitoring of stability of reservoir bank Monitoring will be done in successive four years since the functioning of the reservoir. (6) Monitoring of water and soil erosion Monitoring period will last for 10 years. The first monitoring will be performed at the first year of operation period and hereafter once every three years. (7) Monitoring of Terrestrial Ecologic System and Land Resources This monitoring is to be done for investigation of the influence on the regional terrestrial ecosystem and the use of the land resources due to the reservoir flowage and immigration cultivation after the operation of the reservoir. 177 Irregular investigation must be done for the percentage of coverage by vegetation and the change of the community of the terrestrial plants and animals and their diversity changes, with the emphatic observation of the backwater region of the reservoir. Another irregular observation and investigation of the modes of land use and the change of the utility benefit, conditions of soil erosion and soil fertility in the reservoir area and in the host area. For the soil gleying and the secondary salinization in the regions around the reservoir and the region near the backward position, the irregular observation must also be performed. (8) Monitoring of aquatic ecological system The investigation will be undertaken on fishery output, fish varieties and quantities. The investigation period will last for 5 years. (9) Monitoring of other construction sites As for the construction situation of the reservoir, lower reaches, material stacking sites and waste fields, aquatic eco-system and Terrestrial eco-system, the supervising and the managerial staff of the environmental protection department of the project must make daily inspection of the sites, so to have direct views of the general environmental quality, promptly discover environmental problems and analyze their developing tendency. The plans for environmental monitoring during operation period are shown in Table 13.1-2. Environmental Monitoring Plan During Operation Period is shown in Fig. 13.1-1. 178 Environmental Monitoring Plan During Operation Period Table 13.1-2 Items Monitoring Points (sections) Monitoring items Monitoring frequency Monitoring Institutions Water quality ONo.4 Water Plant section at Water temperature, pH, SS, One time respectively in Local environmental upstream DO, CODMn, BOD5, dry period, level period monitoring units OQianying section at upstream ammonia nitrogen and high-water period (Yujiahu section at downstream each year. Each time will last for 3 days. Mixed sampling shall be done on left, middle and right. Water Left vertical viewing line of dam Water temperature, flow, air Monitoring period is 5 Local environmental temperature site temperature, water level years. Monitoring time is monitoring units Middle vertical viewing line of at 8:00 am of 5th, 15th dam site and 25th of each month. Right vertical viewing line of dam site Mid-reservoir viewing line End-reservoir viewing line Noise OThe administration and living Sequential equivalent sound Iday/season, 4 days/a. Local environmental areas level A once respectively in monitoring units (O)Qianying Team No.5 daytime and nighttime (®)QianyingTeam No.6 Epidemic Qianying Team No.5 Dysentery, malaria, viral One general survey to be Local sanitary and Situation Qianying Team No.6 hepatitis, typhoid fever etc performed after epidemic prevention functioning of the dept. reservoir and hereafter once every three years. 179 Items Monitoring Points (sections) Monitoring items Monitoring frequency Monitoring Institutions Stability of All protection areas Successive 4 years' Geological dept. reservoir monitoring, once per bank year. Water & soil Reservoir area Intensity and volume of water Monitoring period is 10 Local environmental erosion Immigrant settlement area & soil erosion; years(once in first year; monitoring units once every three years .______hereafter.) Terrestrial Reservoir area Irregular investigation must be One to three years' Local forestry dept. ecological done for the percentage of irregular investigation. system Immigrant settlement area coverage by vegetation and the change of the community of the terrestrial plants and animals and their diversity changes, with the emphatic observation of the backwater region of the reservoir. Another irregular investigation of the modes of land use and the change of the utility benefit. Aquatic Reservoir area Fishery output, fish varieties Once per year. Local aquatic product ecological and quantity. dept. system Others Reservoir & lower reaches Observing changes of 1 time/week Environmental Recovery of material stackyards environmental quality protection dept. of and waste fields the project Aquatic and Terrestrial systems 180 13.1.4 Environmental monitoring institutions Environmental monitoring during the construction period is to be done by the joint monitoring group consisting of local qualified local environmental protection department entrusted by the project, local quarantine service and local environmental geological department. After the completion of the reservoir, it is suggested that the environmental monitoring during the operation period is to be performed by the local environmental protection department entrusted. The local quarantine service can be entrusted for the monitoring of public health and sanitary within the reservoir area. The monitoring of stability of reservoir bank is to be undertaken by local environmental geological department entrusted. Monitoring of Terrestrial ecological system shall be done by local forestry department, while the monitoring of aquatic ecological system shall be done by local aquatic products department. All methods for monitoring and analyzing will adopt the existing concerned standards and specification of the state or trade 13.1.5 Submission of Environmental Monitoring Report After completion of each phase of monitoring during construction period, the monitoring institution is required to submit in duplicate Environmental Monitoring Report during Construction Periodof the Project to the Environmental Protection Department of the Project Construction Office of Hanjiang Cuijiaying Shipping and Hydropower Development Co. Ltd. (hereafter referred as to the Project Office). Hubei Communications Bureau will submit the English version to the World Bank. From the first year of construction, the Project Office is required to submit half yearly report respectively to Hubei Communications Bureau, Hubei Environment Protection Bureau and Xiangfan Environmental Protection Bureau. Meanwhile, Hubei Communications Bureau shall submit the half yearly report English version to the World Bank. Such shall end till completion of the project. Project monitoring report submission procedure is shown in Drawing No. 13.1-3. 181 Xiangfan0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Environment Protection Bureau |0 Hubei Communication Bureau ~~~l HubeiErnvironmtentPrtcionBureau r f . U~~~- - 0 4t Xiangfan Environment Protection Bureau | 20-|llubeiCommurllcationBureau 0 C) ~~Hubei Environment Protection 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- e Hlubei Communication Bureau Xiangfan Environment Protection Bureau z llubei Communiication Bureau 13.1.6 Estimated Costs of Environmental Monitoring (1) Cost of Environmental Monitoring during the Construction Period Construction period: 5 years; monitoring of water quality: RMB160000/yr.; monitoring of air: RMB120000/yr.; monitoring of noise: RMB 8000/yr.; monitoring of waster erosion: RMB 12000/yr.; investigation of public health (epidemic situation): RMB 10000/yr. (2) Cost of Environmental Monitoring during the Operation Period: Monitoring of water quality: RMB 30,000/Year, monitoring period 20 years; Monitoring of Quality and Temperature of Water : RMB 20,000 /Year, monitoring period 5 years; Monitoring of Noise: RMB6,000/Year, monitoring period 5 years; Investigation of Public Health: RMB 20,000 /Year, monitoring period 10 years (once in first year, hereafter once every three years); Monitoring of stability of reservoir bank: RMB 10,000/Year, monitoring period 4 years; Monitoring of Terrestrial Eco-system and Use of Land Resources: RMB250,000 totally, monitoring period 10 years (From the first to third year, irregular monitoring); Monitoring of aquatic ecological system: RMB 30,000/Year, monitoring period 5 years. Total: RMB 1,330,000. The estimation of environmental monitoring charges is shown in Table 13.1-3. 183 Estimated Charges for Environmental Monitoring Table 13.1-4 Phase Monitoring Monitoring Estimated Total items period(year) cost(RMB 1 0,000/Yr.) (RMB 10,000) Main works Construction Water quality 5 16.0 80.0 period Air 5 12.0 60.0 Noise 5 0.8 4.0 Public health 5 1.0 5.0 Water 5 1.2 6.0 erosion Total 155.0 Operational Water quality 20 3.0 60.0 Period Water 5 2.0 10.0 temperature Noise 5 0.6 3.0 Public health 10 (1It year: 1; 2.0 8.0 every 3 years: 1 ) Band 4 1.0 4.0 stability Water 10 (1IS year: 1; erosion every 3 years: 1) 2.0 8.0 Terrestrial 10 (periodic 25.0 eco-system monitoring) Aquatic 5 3.0 15.0 eco-system Total 133.0 Grand total 288.0 13.2 Environmental Administration 13.2.1 Administrative Institutions and Responsibilities Environmental management is a part of the works of project supervisor. It is also an important guarantee that can control the negative impacts of the project and exert the long-run benefits. Environmental management must be available throughout the construction and operational periods whereby there will emerge many factors that will have impacts on the environment. Therefore, the project shall establish professional administrative institutions that have good professional basis and administrative competence. It should be equipped with necessary environmental protection personnel, being merged into the established integrative and professional environmental protection system to be responsible for, carry out and inspect the works of environmental protection of the project. The environmental management for the project shall be conducted by the Project Office of Hanjiang Shipping and Hydropower Development Co. Ltd., under which, the Project Environmental Protection Department shall be established and charged by specially-assigned persons. The responsibilities of the Department include the following aspects: 184 ( I ) The department is administerially under the leadership of the Project Office and professionally under the guidance of the provincial and prefectural (city) environmental protection bureaus, being responsible for submitting the monthly report on environmental management and compiling the statements of environmental monitoring during construction period. (2) It will supervise the contractors to carry out the pollution preventive measures, participate in the works of project supervisor. It can issue warning notice and report to the Project Office if the contractors are found to violate environmental protection regulations or fail to effectively implement the pollution preventive measures. The department shall help to deal with the problems in case pollution accidents occur. (3) It will assist local governmental environmental protection department to establish new monitoring sections and bank monitoring points, as well help to undertake training for the managerial and monitoring staff. (4) According to the environmental problems found during the construction period, it will put forward suggestions for environmental protection measures during operational period to local environmental protection and navigation departments. The Project management organization and work procedure are shown in Diagram 13.2-1. 185 Drawing No. 13.2-1 Project management organization and work procedure Hubei communications bureau F ubei Ir ent Pro n reau CD~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C Hubei~~~~~ hpigPoetOfc infnEvrnnn rtcinBra >BFnne s r I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ft~ ~~~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~anioTn Fiania Adiitrtv Pol lu ion adiitrto | Hubei WB Financed Shipping Project J|Office o Xiangfan Environment Protection Bureau Envir|ionent Financial Administrative Pollutotion administrative bureau office control office ~~~~~~~~~~~office Hubei Hanjiang Cuijiaying Shipping & Hydropower Development Co. Ltd. shipping I ,-c .a L administration o -C) - ---. -, CD CD~~~( 'C Co ~~~0 a CD) c-icCD a Cc- |. l 1, 1cD ' Prje Co-structi Su ervisorviffis Dam safety (1 Xiangfan Shipping Construction Project Office |~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~Costucio ~~~~C C) || trwa .....k ...... ||...... hplcRoa;or ...... eevj | F rs PiojersContutinSvooocProject Coi-ti-tionS.i,--eio (Ptar't 1) (Part 2) Land administration Environment tProject Machinery bureau- l l ll l l 0at protection bureau management dept. Construction Electromechanic Shiplock Dam Wtraewywok -odwrkRsvorForestry contractor work contractor work construction hydropower &perrivrisorrar supervisorprtctv spevsososevnc contractor suipervisor supervisor 186 13.2.2 Environmental Supervisor During the process of project construction, there will emerge various environmental problems. Prompt settlement of these problems will ensure the smooth progress of the project and also maximally mitigate the impacts of construction on the environment. Therefore, it is recommended that, after the Project Office has established the department of environmental protection, project supervisor shall also set up correspondent department of environmental protection or assign special personnel to be responsible for the issue. The environmental protection supervisor can be assumed by construction engineer who can learn to supervise environmental works after being trained. The responsibilities of the environmental supervisor are, based on routine site observation, to coordinate the environmental protection department of the Project Office to deal with the identified environmental problems. The construction supervision organization chart of the project is shown in Diagram No. 13.2-2. 187 Drawing No. 13.2-2 Project Construction Supervision Organization Chart Gcneral project supervisor tVice general project super viHm Vice general project st rnisor LT 7I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I -- ~~~~Supervisedepartment taiont deparuae Designoffi eAn vironsemt engineer I~~~~~F. I _, GI I- Shiplock supervise departimet Earth dam supervise departsent Prvrplant supervise dqsr Waerrelas gate suevs atnn Reservoir proLectimn supervise department aag building supmrvs deatmn An envircenent engineer An envirrnnent engineer An eoirrnn nine engineEegne nit An envirrunent engineer Anevremn ngineer Anenionmetrco nionmetractinerCni Anevrnentragicer An Cvrsentranginor AncniontmectorgnerA tratormnJgnt 188 13.2.3 Environmental Protection Training All personnel including the administrative staff of the project office and construction workers have to receive environmental protection training at least one time. Key environmental administrative and monitoring personnel must go through the pre-post technical training for a period of 1-3 months. 13.2.3.1 Environmental technology and technique training ( 1 ) On-duty training for environmental monitoring managerial personnel The targets to provide with on-duty training for the environmental monitoring personnel are to enhance the works of environmental monitoring and management during construction and operational periods, thus to ensure the quality of environmental monitoring and effective environmental management and to wholly improve the quality of the project. During the training, the trainees will know how to distinguish the key environmental problems during construction period and acquire more about the existing problems and deficiencies so that they can make prompt reports to the environmental protection department to take necessary preventive measures. During the process of construction, the Project Office will invite experts of environmental protection or experienced administrative staff to lecture on the possible environmental problems and correspondent solutions. (2) Training for persons in-charge and construction workers Before commencement of the project, the persons in-charge and construction workers of the contractor must receive systematic training of environmental protection knowledge, so that they can avoid the damages to the environment due to mal-operation during the process of construction. The target of training person in-charge of contractor is to clarify the responsibilities of environmental protection for the contractor. The aim of training construction workers is to emphasize the correct operating methods for construction works during construction and operational period, so that mal-operation can be avoided. The training of person in-charge and construction workers shall be charged by the assigned persons of the environmental protection department of the Project Office, of which, the main tasks are to make clear the possible damages to the environment by project construction, necessary environmental protection measures and the handling methods for any problems. Through training, the person in-charge may know the obligations that he should shoulder and the possible consequences if the environment is damaged. At the same time, construction workers may be more directly knowing about the degrees and methods of environmental protection for the sensitive points. According to the actuality of the project, the training period for the person in-charge and construction workers shall last for one week. (3) During operation period, Project Owner shall regularly provide environmental protection training for the staff, hence to make them clear about possible environmental problems and take necessary measures. Each personnel shall have the awareness to protect the environment. 13.2.3.2 Training method and training charges 189 Training method includes: (1) Experts give lectures, or experts from environmental protection competent department. Training budget is RMB 30000. (2) Visit of site project environmental protection. This is to organize visit to the environmental administrative departments where have started or completed representative inner waterway development projects to learn experienced environmental administrative method through site demonstration. Training budget: RMB60000. (3) Non-scheduled long-term (1 to 2 years) or short-term (1 to 3 months) training sponsored by domestic universities and scientific research units. Estimated cost for training is RMB 100,000. (4) Abroad study and training. Twelve persons divided into two groups will be sent abroad to the places where have similar experiences (especially World Bank aided projects) to learn foreign advanced management. It is to formulate provisions for environmental administration according to the actuality of the project. The training period shall be one month. Training budget: RMB600000. The total budget of the above training will be RMB790000. 13.2.4 The Implementation of Mitigating Measures for Environmental Protection The Implementation of mitigating measures for project environmental protection is shown in Table 13.2-1. 13.3 The Legal Forces for Environmental Protection Action Plan Environmental protection action plan is regarded as the guide for construction units to carry out the environmental protection measures. It is also the basis for environmental competent departments to inspect and approve the works of environmental protection. Therefore, the environmental protection action plan must have the same legal forces with the contract and bidding documents. When the project employer intends to invite public bidding of the project construction, the environmental protection action plan shall be treated as one of the basic bidding documents sold to the bidders. It must be included in the bidding documents, of which, necessary charges required by various environmental protection measures can be listed in the construction budget. When the project employer examines the bidding documents, it must consider the commitment specified in the EAP as one of the basis for document examination. When signing construction contract, it must include EAP as one of the works included in the contract. It should clarify that EAP is one of the basis for approval of the project quality, any environmental losses due to the failure in fulfilling EAP shall be borne by the contractor. The personnel in charge of the Project Office must acquire to well know the significance of EAP before project commencement and shall be responsible for making explanation to contractors. 190 The project supervisor must treat EAP as one of the basis for the supervisory works. Any works that have not fulfilled the environmental protection measures cannot be approved. The contractors must assign special personnel to be responsible for the implementation of the EAP, formulate the alternatives of EAP implementation. All measures specified in the EAP must be carried out thoroughly according the schedule. 191 Mitigating Measures for Project Environmental Protection Table 13.2-1 Essential environmental Mitigating measures Implementation problems institution I. Design period I. Anti-flood and Dam site, dam pattern, flood discharge mode, normal Hubei reservoir inundation storage level should be rational, hence to reduce the Communications area loss caused by inundation and avoid adverse impacts Planning & on anti-flood in reservoir area. Design Institute Hubei 2. the safety of reservoir Adopt measures to prevent the risk of eroding bank Communications bank and dam. and dam breaking. Planning & . ~~~~~~~~~DesignInstitute, local government 3. The impacts of Promote anti-flood standard, repair and maintain increasing water level flood release gate, flood release channel and power on flood dam and drainage and irrigation facilities as well as implement Ditto inundation of irrigation compensation for water conservancy and electricity and drainage facilities. and the planning of removal. 4. Protection of cultural Check if there are underground cultural relics hence SHEIDI-EA relics. to protect culture relics from being damaged. TEAM II. Construction period Waste water are mainly from the waste discharges from sand and stone materials, foundation pits. The pollutants can be settled for discharge after reaching 1. waste water pollution the standard through treatment in sedimentation tanks Contractors and depositing tanks. It is to adopt underearth integrative sewage treatment equipment for permanent sanitary waste and employ septic tank for temporary residences. Water sprayer will be used to regularly spray water to 2. dust pollution reduce dust. The earth falling down from running Contractors vehicles in construction sites must be cleaned up promptly. Choose low-noise construction machine. 3. noise pollution Strong-noise machine shall be arranged to work in Contractors noise pollutiondaytime. Construction time limit shall be implemented in sensitive spots. Adopt water and soil erosion prevention measures in construction period. Build stone retaining wall, protection slope and water drainage in where water 4. water and soil erosion and soil erosion easily occur. Prompt refilling, Contractors tamping is necessary if there is some cutting. Vegetation must be promptly recovered in borrow pits and excavated materials disposal area. Local 5. envirnmenta In construction period, regular monitoring must be environmental monitorig.implemented on water, atmosphere, acoustic and protection monitoring ecological environment. monitoring station 6. protection of cultural . . Hubei Cultural relics Diggig protecton Relics Bureau III. Operation period 1. industrial waste No waste water shall be discharged by the Pivot Xiangfan pollution proper. Enterprises within reservoir area can Municipal 192 Essential Implementation environmental Mitigating measures institution problems discharge waste water into the Han River after Government reaching the standard through treated through the city wastewater treatment plant, hence to reduce the pollution to water body. Ships and vessels shall not discharge waste oil, manure and garbage into water body but into acceptance facilities in the port. According to the rules, all ships and vessels must be Navigation equipped with oil water separator. Ships and vessels supervising '. the treatment of waste .. administration discharged by vessels shall not discharge waste oil, manure and garbage and wharf into water body but into acceptance facilities in the administrative port. department control of noise of Strengthen the management of passing ships and Navigation 3. the ves se vessels. Those which noise is beyond the limited supervising standard are not allowed to run. administration 4. pollution of leaking Strengthen safety protection awareness; strictly Transportation 4.pollutionoflain implement the regulations of the State on the amnsrtv accident of poisonous transportation of dangerous products. Any leaking of department, products poisonous and dangerous products must be promptly navigation reported and timely settled. adminision administration Local 5. environmental Environmental monitoring must be implemented environmental monitoring according to monitoring plan. protection bureau 6. protection of fishery Establish fishery protection station Local aquatic products bureau 193 14.0 ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC LOSS AND BENEFIT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 14.1 Analysis in Environmental Economic Benefit 14.1.1 Social Benefit Cuijiaying pivot is a water conservancy project, which mainly serves for navigation and meanwhile gives attention to comprehensive benefits such as irrigation, tourism and aquaculture. Therefore, benefits of this project include navigation, power generation, farmland irrigation, aquaculture, tourism, etc. Cuijlaying pivot possesses comprehensive benefits such as navigation, power generation, irrigation, aquaculture and tourism. Implementation of this project will notably improve the navigation condition in the middle and lower reach of Hanjiang River. 39.8Km of reservoir backwater will inundate 4 clusters of beaches in the reservoir area and increase the navigation level of this reach up to 1OOOt, which saves maintenance cost of the waterway. Besides, raising of water level in the reservoir will save dredging cost for Xiangfan Port on one hand, and on the other hand will boost the economy there, so it has obvious social benefit. The annual energy output of this project is 4.15xlO 8kw - h; according to the present situation, the quantity of electric charge per 109 kwh in Hubei is equivalent to RMB 1,016, 000, 000. 00 industrial output, in this way, this project provides the necessary condition for creating the industrial output of RMB 4,210,000,000.00. As for the notable benefit of power generation, this project generates annual power output of 4.15 X 108kw * h, which creates essential conditions for 4.21 billion of industrial output value according to the fact that electric quantity of every 0.1 billion kw * h equals to 1.016 billion of industrial output value at present in Hubei province. Apart from that, using the direct financial income created in power generation for dynamic development of the waterway will ultimately solve the problem of financial strain for the waterway construction. Implementation of this project will improve the farmland irrigation condition in Tangdong irrigation area with effective irrigation area of about 177 X 10 4 mu, and replace the irrigation compensation project for the implementation of midline project of the south-north water transfer strategy. In addition to the above social benefit, this project will also create considerable benefit for tourism, aquaculture, etc, which is mainly reflected by the fact that upgrade of waterway level and establishment of Yuliangzhou scenic spot attract more tourists, and the completion of Cuijiaying pivot will provide favorable water space to the development of aquaculture in the reservoir area. 194 This project will provide necessary transportation conditions to the lineal economic development, especially to the construction of Xiangfan city because the raise of water level in Cuijiaying pivot will improve conditions in Zhangjiagang water area and Tangbaihe river mouth, which will promote significant economic development in Xiangfan as well as in the base of China's Second Automobile in Xiangfan. As the absolutely necessary compensation project in the midline of south-north water transfer strategy, the flier canalization project in the middle and lower reach of Hanjiang River, if completed early, will provide a solid base for realization of this magnificent blueprint with great comprehensive benefits. On completion of the navigation hydropower pivot, the increased amount of impounded sand and low water flow rate will improve water quality in the lower reaches of the dam site. In addition, expansion of the water surface will regulate the climate, promote growth of various plants, and increase the plant coverage in the reservoir area. In general, after the flow off of Cuijiaying pivot flows across Danjiang Reservoir in the upper reaches being regulated and stored, the riverbed and flow off become relatively stable, which will provide convenient transportation on land and water and possess the advantages of adjoining power utilization load center, having wide riverbed in the construction area as well as short construction period. This project is in favor of the implementation of the midline south-north water transfer strategy. 14.1.2 Economic Benefit Direct economic benefit brought by this project mainly lies in decreased transportation cost, power generation, etc. Other benefits such as irrigation, flood control, tourism, aquaculture and poultry, and improvement in local investment environment are difficult to quantify, so following below is just some qualitative description. (1) Navigation Benefit Implementation of this project will notably improve the navigation condition in the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River. 39.8Km of reservoir backwater will inundate 4 clusters of beaches in the reservoir area and increase the navigation level of this reach up to 1000t; improve the condition of Xiangfan Port, realize the open navigation between Xiangfan and the north effluent of Tangbaihe River all the year round, which saves maintenance cost of the waterway as well as dredging cost for Xiangfan Port. Therefore, the navigation benefit of this project is mainly represented by the increased freight volume and decreased transportation cost, as well as the maintenance cost, which will be saved by the replaceable waterway regulation project after completion of construction project. (2) Power Benefit The shadow electricity price of this project shall be set down on the basis of long-term marginal cost of the power supply system i.e., the increased system capacity cost and electric 195 quantity cost caused by the increase of unit loading. (3) Irrigation Benefit After completion of midline south-north water project, there will be no transition of median water period in the lower reaches of Hanjiang River because of the quickened hydraulic drop from high water to low water and shortened time in median water, which will cause adverse impact on the farmland irrigation in the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River (esp. Tangdong irrigation area of Xiangfan). Relevant survey data show that if Cuijiaying reservoir pivot is not built, it will cost RMBO.3 billion to build a channel linking Danjiang river mouth and Tangdong irrigation area to solve farmland irrigation in that area. However, after the completion of Cuijiaying reservoir, due to the raised water level, irrigation conditions in Tangdong irrigation area will be improved with effective irrigation area of 177 X 104 mu, which will save investment in construction of the irrigation channel. Substitution effect made by irrigation in this project equals to the investment in the irrigation channel construction. (4) Aquaculture Benefit On completion of Cuijiaying pivot, backwater length of the reservoir area will be 39.8Km, and the water area can reach up to 7.4 X 104mu if the average river surface width is 1.5Km, in which, 1 X 104mu can be provided as area for manual aquaculture and poultry in the reservoir area, and 6.3 X 104 mu for fishery for fulltime fishers. To calculate in term of 100mu as cage culture area in the reservoir area and 4 X 104Kg/mu as per unit area yield, the annual production of adult fish will be 400 X 104Kg; in term of I X 104mu as enclosure culture area in the river port and 100Kg/mu as per unit area yield, the annual production of adult fish will be 100X 104Kg; in term of 6.3 X 104mu as natural fishery water surface and 14Kg/mu as per unit area yield, the annual production of adult fish will be 882,000Kg. The above three items total 588.2 X 104Kg of annual production of adult fish, which, if calculated in term of RMB10/Kg, will create an annual production value of RMB58,820,000. If deducted the investment cost of aquaculture, the aquaculture benefit of Cuijiaying pivot in normal years can reach RMB10 million/year. (4) Tourism Benefit Apart from aquaculture benefit, the natural and geographic conditions in Hanjiang River will bring notable economic benefit to tourism in Xiangfan with not only cultural relics such as the ancient Longzhong and ancient city wall, but also newly opened Yuliangzhou scenic spot, which has become a fresh attraction to urban people. Cuijiaying pivot is situated in the lower reaches of Yuliangzhou and the constructed reservoir will be integrated with this scenic spot, creating a large-scale recreation site providing reservoir scenery as well as water amusement. Beside considerable tourism benefit, this reservoir will also add new tourism routes for tourists. On completion of the navigation hydropower pivot, the increased amount of impounded sand and low water flow rate will improve water quality in the lower reaches of the dam site. In addition, expansion of the water surface will regulate the climate, promote growth of various plants, and increase the plant coverage in the reservoir area. 196 14.2 Analysis of Loss of Environmental Impacts The construction of dam without adopting relevant protection measures may cause environmental loss. which includes mainly the discharge of pollutants during the construction period, the upraise of incidence of diseases among the. construction workers, the interference of the growing environment of animals atnd abusive killing of them, the obstruct of the dam, the serious damage to the growing environment of fishes and flooding historical cultural sites due to the water flow from the dam and the possible blowup of the growing environment for flies and mosquito that spread malaria. Other disadvantageous impacts on environment can be avoided or dulled tlhrough adopting measures. The environmental loss is about equal to the total stm of the cost of protection measures for disadvantageous influence and the relevant monitoring cost of environmental protection and control. The total investment on environmental protection will be RMB 40.3354 millionl and the annual environmental control and monitoring charges will be RMB 2.88 million and training charges of RMB 0.79 million during the operation period. 14.2.1 Analysis of Environmental Economic Loss Environmental econonmic loss includes the necessary investment for avoiding or reducing the loss, totaling RMB 32.712 million. The average annual value of loss is RMBI.636 million during 20 years' operation. 14.2.2 Analysis of Environmental Econiomic Benefit (1) Water power is to be used as the clean. energy sources, which can greatly reduce the discharges of the three wastes, and its environmenital benefits can be calculated based on the equivalent environmental investment for using thermal electricity generating plant on the coequal scale, which can be saved if water power is used. The calculation is as follows: the amnual standard consumption of coal is 112 thousand tons based on the standard consumption of 0.35kg per kw * h, and the annual discharge of sulphur dioxide will 2.707 thousand tons based on the percentage of the sulphur content of the local coal, 1.51%, upon which RMB 0.2/kg is levied as the discharge fee for sulphur dioxide, so making a sum of RMB 542 thousand to be paid for the discharge fees for sulphur dioxide every single year. A rough estimation of the cost of a set of electrical dedusting equipment is RMB 2.97 million for treatment of soot, which must be added by another sum of RMB 0.66 million for two tippers of 8 tons for moving the fly ash collected to the fly ash yard because of the use of dry dusting without ash sluicing water. As for the construction of an ash yard, the investment of RMB 25 million is needed. Therefore, the anlual investment for E.P. will be RMB1.909 million if the E.P. establishments can be used for 15 years.. The operating cost of environmental protection facilities is RMB 250 thousand each year. So it can be calculated that RMB 2.159 million can be saved each year after operation of the 197 proj ect. 14.2.3 Analysis of Loss and Benefit of Environmental Economy Ratio of Loss and Benefit value of annual environmental loss / value of annual environmental benefit The annual average environmental loss is RMB 1.636 million and the annual average environmental benefit is RMB 2.159 million, so the ratio being 1:1.32. Therefore, the economic benefits brought by the environmental investment is larger than the environmental loss anid remarkable social benefits and environmental benefits are shown as well. 198 15.0 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 15.1 Assessment Conclusions 15.1.1 Conclusion of appraisal of the present environmental situation (1) The dam site of Hanjiang River Cuijiaying navigation hydropower project is situated in the middle reach of Hanjiang River in Panggong Street in Xiangfan city, northwest of Hubei province, east longitude 1 10°45'- 13°43', and north latitude 31 °14'-32°37'; (2) Hanjiang River Cuijiaying navigation hydropower project is one of the 16 dams of the Hanjiang River flight plan, which mainly serves for navigation and meanwhile gives attention to power generation, power-served navigation, and comprehensive utilization, with normal impounded water level of 63.23m, storage capacity of 2.85xl 08m 3, and installed capacity of 96MW. The total storage capacity of the reservoir is l0 ,1.ox,08m3,which belongs to second-rate project with total investment of RMB1,821,890,000. (3) Xiangfan city is rich in living resources of various sorts and vast distribution both in the north and south. In the vegetation regionalization across the country, it belongs to the semitropical evergreen broad-leaved forest subregion in East China, including north semitropical evergreen mixed deciduous broad-leaved forest region and the north subregion of mid-Asian tropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. All through the city, there are spermatophyte of 120 families, over 1000 genus, 3200 species, mainly of cupule family, sweetleaf family and bamboo family. (4) The ascertained fish species in Xiangfan reach 75, most of which belong to extensively distributed species, such as carp, crucian carp, copper fish, triangular bream, Changchun bream, Mongolia white fish, white fish, black carp, grass carp, chub, bighead, ma lang yu, mandarin fish, etc. Most of them can be seen in the under-dam river of the whole Danjiangkou reservoir. The side banks between Danjiangkou and Xiangfan are mainly hump, and the water is clear and torrential, inhabited by some migration-loving species, such as needlefish, Chinese bream, northern Makou fish, big Zacto platypus, gudgeon, Leshan Bangshan, silver xenocypris, Yichang loach siluroid, plough-head loach, Chinese Zhao, etc. (5) At present, the quality of surface water environment of trunk stream of Hanjiang River is passable; the upper reaches of Tangbai River and Xiaoqinghe river mouth has been polluted by water from their upper reaches containing polluting factors of permanganate index, BOD5, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus. (6) The concentration of S02- NO2 and PM1 0 within the scope of appraisal shall meet the secondary standard of Standards of Ambient Air Quality (GB3095-1996), and the present situation of ambient air quality is favorable. 199 (7) Ambient noise in the daytime as well as at night in the dam site shall meet the second class standard of Standards ofAmbient Noise in Urban Area (GB3096-93). 15.1.2 Conclusion of the Prediction and Analysis of Environmental Impacts 15.1.2.1 Conclusion of prediction of the impacts on water environment (1) The treated sanitary waste water of the construction area will have little impacts on the receiving water body of the Hanjiang River. The waste water caused by the sand and stone systems during washing process have high SS content and will, if not treated, increase the concentration of SS within the area of 1000m at the lower reaches during the low flow period and the level period. Therefore, a sediment tank must be equipped to treat the discharged water, which will not have serious impacts on the water environment. (2) The analysis of influence on water temperature shows that the water temperature structure of the reservoir area during the operation period is of mixed type, and the natural water temperature will not be altered by the construction of the dam. The natural characteristics of water temperature of the river channels can basically be maintained within the reservoir area. (3) Navigation and power generation in this project will make little impact on water quality and the main pollution discharge comes from water used in living quarter after completion of the project. Compared with the runoff volume of Hanjiang River, it only takes up an extremely small part of the runoff volume in winter. If the effluent and sewage discharged from the plant side and living quarter reaches the standard after being treated, then it will slightly impact Hanjiang River water quality in a small area around the discharge port and will not change the grade of Hanj iang River water quality. (4) The minimum flow volume of Cuijiaying reservoir is 490 m3 /s, which will meet the requirement of production, living and ecological water utilization in the lower reaches of the river. 15.1.2.2 Conclusion of prediction of the impacts on ecological environment (1) This project will decrease local agricultural land area, and change the farmland ecology into water ecology. (2) The major impacts of the project construction on the wild animals of the reservoir area are mainly from the inundation of river valley, washland, some rivulets and ditches, especially the submerge of washland. Such kind of impact is long and irreversible. In this case, those animals living on the washlands will be more seriously affected, especially those wader type of water birds. (3) On completion of the pivot, some species of fish favoring open water life will increase quickly in number. In under-dam area, despite the adverse influence on propagation and growth of commercial fishes in the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River, it's quite 200 favorable for them to live through the winter as well as fattening some species. With time goes by, they have got used to the changed environment, in which they procreate, ingest, grow and live through the winter and maintain a certain population. It can be seen that although construction of the dam changes the ecological environment in the former river channel and restricts some extensively distributed commercial fishes within the isolated water body, these fishes can propagate and grow in their respective living environment and meanwhile maintain a certain population. 15.1.2.3 Impacts on the air environment Impacts on the air environment mainly occur in the construction period. The construction area is located far away from the surrounding villages, so labor protection shall be reinforced to reduce impacts on building workers. 15.1.2.4 Impacts on the noise environment According to the construction program of Cuijiaying navigation hydropower pivot, the sixth group in Qianying village on the right bank is the nearest sensitive spot to the point sound source, about 400m from the construction site, and is within the construction site area. Analogy analysis of predictor of noise from stationary source shows that construction at night may cause excessive noises to the sensitive spot, but will not impact other areas either in the daytime or at night. 15.1.2.5 Conclusion of appraisal of the impacts on resettlement environment Resettlement of affected residents is a sensitive issue. For construction of the project, some people have to give up their original quiet living to rebuild new homes, others have to cultivate new farmland for agricultural production, which, if solved improperly, will lead to negative impacts on social environment. Therefore, it's essential to carry out the resettlement plan, and solve problems such as water utilization and provisions in the transition period to ensure that the construction goes with a swing. 15.1.2.6 Conclusion of impacts on geological environment (1) After impoundment, the underground water level of Grade I terrace will raise, and this will invariably be supported by underground water level of Grade II terrace. By initial judgment, the soakage will not be big. (2) Water level of sections near the dam will be largely raised, and certain parts of batture will be inundated, resulting in widened water surface and increased fetch length. The wind wave may affect stability of the banks and wave defend measures shall be reinforced in sections of intensified wave. (3) After impoundment, part of low-lying areas of Xiangfan city may be inundated, and places from Xiangfan city to Kushou, that is, from Dongjin to the dam site on the left bank and from 201 Yangjiahe to Xiejiatai on the right bank will be inundated by the reservoir, with inundated area of about 32Km2. (4) Water level of channels where the water is blocked will not exceed the local riverbed and the geologic environment will not change greatly, so earthquakes induced by the reservoir will not exceed the basic intensity. 15.1.2.7 Conclusion of impacts on public health Impoundment of the reservoir will not make serious harmful impacts on public health in the appraised area. Besides, the local economy and living standards as well as cultural exchange will boost with the construction being completed and put into operation. As a result, people will pay more attention to form good living and health habits, some adverse factors influencing public health will ultimately disappear, and the incidence rate of various epidemic diseases will be kept within limits. 15.1.2.8 Conclusion of impacts on scenery of humanities (1) Construction of the auxiliary and temporary projects of the dam will invariably damage some vegetation along the line, and the construction detour, borrow pit and spoil ground will cause part exposition and damage the local landscape. As for the exposed area resulted from excavation and borrow of soil, ecological measures such as tree planting and grassing shall be adopted to recover the original natural landscape. (2) The nearest point of Xian mountain natural reserve is 1.2Km from Hanjiang River, and about 2Km from this project, so construction of this dam will not damage the landscape of Xian mountain natural reserve, not to mention other natural reserves or famous scenic spots. (3) In addition to considering utilization function of the project, the design shall regard the project as a new sight spot and make special landscape design from the view of aesthetics. In this way, construction of this project will add a bright view to Xiangfan city. 15.1.2.9 Impacts of transmission line on the environment Areas through which the transmission line passes are mainly traffic roads in the city, with no original forest or headwater forest, no rare animals or plants. Except for a small area of land occupied by the tower base, it will have little impact on the ecological environment. 15.1.3 Impacts of south-north water transfer strategy on the environrnent of Xiangfan reach of Hanjiang River (1) Water diversion to the heightened Danjiangkou dam is 95 X 108m3, which changes the hydroregime in the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River. Flow water volume of Danjiangkou reservoir is reduced by 25%, which cuts down the peak discharge and benefits the flood control in the middle and lower reaches. 202 (2) The water diversion will increase the low water flow rate in the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River and reduce the number of days of extra low water flow rate, which is beneficial for navigation in Hanjiang River; However, the decrease in flow water volume of Danjiangkou reservoir, the change of flow process and the shapely shortened median water duration will cause certain impact on the navigation in Hanjiang River. (3) Midline water diversion will greatly impact the water supply and agricultural irrigation in Xiangfan city, directly involving domestic water for town dwellers and villagers, water of agricultural production use for areas depending Hanjiang River as irrigation source, as well as stock water. Due to the decrease in surface and underground water level, the cost of water borrowing will increase with continuous impacts. (4) After water diversion of 95 X 108 m3, under the condition of constant pollution load, if calculated in term of average discharge, Xiangfan reach of Hanjiang River will lose water environment capacity of about 27%, the allowed discharge capacity of COD is 2.78 X 104t/a. Water diversion will cause great decrease in bearing capacity of water resources environment, so the influence is tremendous and inevitable. (5) After the diversion, the water level of middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River would drop by 0.6-1.0 meter, which will not only cause the descending of the underground water level in two-side river banks, but also resulting in the increasing extraction of the underwater level. The deteriorating of Hanjiang River's mainstream water quality would lead to worse underground water quality of the plain along side. (6) After the diversion, the water discharge would decrease, the hydrological situation such as flow rate, water level, and current velocity would turn to an unfavorable tendency, and meanwhile the consistency of water pollutant would increase. The above all would lead to worse water environment in Hanjiang River-Xiangfan reach, and harmful living environment of fish in various degrees as well. (7) There are mainly three influencing aspects to dikes and dims caused by water diversion: The first aspect lies in that because of the various river condition formed by water diversion, the key locations of dikes would shift; The second aspect lies in that because of the descending of water level formed by water diversion, the river bank as the basing stall of the dike, located on the elevating-descending area, would be easily hollowed out by rushing river water. And the long-term exposing of the dike base throws flood defense into passivity. The third aspect lies in that because of the long-time washing and eroding, the base of dike protecting slope would slide and shift, which aggravate the collapse of the slope, or riverbank. (8) Xiangfan City is one of the most arid areas in Hubei province. In addition, because of the unequal distribution of the precipitation on space-time continuum, the off-balance probability of annual precipitation duration is 0.218. Since 1990s, Xiangfan has suffered drought strikingly to a serious degree. Frankly speaking, the middle Route Project (MRP) of diverting water would bring great ecological risk to Xiangfan City. 203 (9) From the point of view on comprehensive benefits, the construction of Cuijiaying Navigation hydropower Pivot will effectively lyses those influence to Hanjiang River-Xiangfan reach' s navigation, agricultural irrigation, city water supply and fishery caused by South-to-North Water Transfer, and elevate its loading capacity for water resource thus reduce the loss of Xiangfan City caused by South-to-North Water Transfer to the maximized degree. 15.1.4 Conclusion of appraisal of soil conservancy According to the organizational design of construction, this project will make perturbation within the whole occupied area and the perturbed earths surface area totals 433.50ha, in which 49.70ha belongs to Panggong Street in Xiangcheng district and 383.80ha belongs to Dongjin town in Xiangyang district. Foundation excavation of permanent construction in the pivot project is 330.80 X 104m 3, excavation of temporary works is 963.41 X 104m3, totaling 1294.21 X 104m3. Backfill of the project is 197.04X 104 m3 (compacted soil), and spoil produced in the project totals 1016.33 X 104m3, in which 937.25 X 104m3 is stocked all together in the excavation waste dump on the right bank; waste slag produced in exploitation of the stock yard amounts to 79.08 X 104m3, which is used for land regulation of the excavation area. The waste slag comes mainly from excavation of pernanent works and open diversion channel. The amount of soil erosion in the construction of this project totals 141.32 X 1 04t, in the operating period totals 56.32 X 10 4t, so the due total amount of soil erosion is 197.64 X 10 4t. 15.1.5 Conclusion of appraisal of environmental risks Environmental risks of the navigation pivot mainly refers to geologic hazard such as dam breaking and earthquake; accidents that occur during navigation channel servicing mainly include collision case, collision of ship hull and reef, fire, shipwreck, etc. Super accidents of serious impacts shall take up the rate of 25 x 10-4/a in the total navigation accidents. 15.1.6 Conclusion of public-participating investigation With all antecedent work of the construction being gradually unfolded, more and more people will know about this project. Among the investigated people, 34.1% say "Yes, very well." to the question "Do you know the relation between you and the project? ", 65.9% say "Yes, but only a little." and 1.2% say "No, not at all."; 98.8% show their approval to the construction of this project. As for the question "Do you know about the move compensation policy?", 58.8% say yes, and 41.2% say no; when asked questions concerning move and resettlement, which may have potential relations with themselves, 87.3% hope for local settlement, and only 12.7% want to leave home, and no one disobeys resettlement. 204 Most people (81.7%) hold that construction of this project will greatly impact the water environment, 68.1% hold that it will greatly impact the ecological environment, 1.1% hold that it will cause noise influence, and 0.2% hold that it will impact the air environment. As to what measures shall be taken to slower its impacts on environment, 85.7% believe deadline regulation is the best measure, 34.1% advocate tightened control. 15.1.7 Conclusion of alternative option Construction of Cuijiaying navigation hydropower pivot project will bring negative impacts on ecological environment, inundation, riverbank stability, aquatic organism, air, noise, and sediment accumulation, and only bring positive impacts on landscape and social aspects in the dam site. If no amendment is made to Cuijiaying navigation hydropower pivot project, it will add pressure on road transport and influence the noise and air environment. If simply seen from the view of environment, more environmental problems will arise in the process of constructing Cuijiaying navigation hydropower pivot project, which, if given enough attention and properly treated, will in no time deny the significance of constructing Cuijiaying navigation hydropower pivot project. 15.1.8 General Conclusion The project will greatly speed up the economic development of the Hanjiang River drainage area. This project, based on the policy of 'electricity supporting navigation', has remarkable economic and social benefits. The construction and operation will bring about some disadvantageous influences on the environment. For instance, the construction will damage the vegetation, worsen soil erosion and bring about noise and dust pollution to the environment. In addition, the sanitary wastes and factory sewage of the construction area will pollute the accepting water body; due to the changes of hydrological conditions, the project during operational period will alter the living conditions of fish and the like aquatic life or even lead to the changes of the population of species of aquatic life; the self purifying capacity of the water body will be weakened during the operation period, which is not good for diffusing the contamination in the sewage. However, even with the above disadvantageous factors on the existing environment, the prediction of environmental impacts indicates that the disadvantageous influences of the project on the environment can be minimized to the acceptable limits as long as the measures for environmental protection and control mentioned herewith in the Report are carried out. The construction unit shall reinforce the work of environmental management during construction period, intensify environmental protection education of the construction team, make close supervision, and advocate civilized construction. The contractor shall make specific provisions in the contract and promise the above pollution control measures during construction period, as well as draw up rigorous punishment for breach of the contract. According to the relevant environmental protection specification, design paper, design notes and other design documents, construction contract and bid document and tender document, contract for construction environmental inspection and control and bid document, the 205 construction control unit shall draw up the environmental control plan, and strictly abide by it. Strengthen the work of environmental monitoring during construction period, and carry out regular or irregular environmental monitoring plans. In the appraisal, it's admitted that the project plan has taken environmental protection into consideration, and the plans designed are economically and technically practicable with high operability. Carrying out the environmental protection plan as well as the countermeasures proposed in the report will bring the adverse impacts on environment well under control. In general, Cuijiaying navigation hydropower pivot project is practicable from the view of environmental protection. 15.2 Suggestions (1) After completion of Cuijiaying pivot, the self-purification capacity of water body will be weakened. So it's suggested that before impoundment, all domestic sewage and industrial wastewater shall be treated to reach the standard and then discharged into Hanjiang River. (2) Upon project operation, it is suggested that, in combination with the variation of fish species of the Hanjiang River, monographic study should be carried out so that fish resources and population of the fishes for artificial proliferation may be further clarified. Such will help to minimize the impacts of the project on fishes. 206 16.0 ANALYSIS ON ACCUMULATED IMPACTS In accordance with the Trunk Hanjiang River Cascade Development Plan Report prepared by the Yangtze Water Conservancy Committee, there are all together 16 dams planned for the Hanjiang River Drainage Area, including 7 in Shanxi and 9 in Hubei. This project is one of the 16 planned pivots. The existing Shiquan Pivot and Ankang Pivot of Shaanxi and Danjiangkou Pivot and Wangpuzhou Pivot of Hubei are at the upstream of the Cuijiaying Pivot, the other 12 pivots are under plan. Step construction, in views of individual construction, the short-term impacts would be small. However, with the time passes, some impacts will turn serious due to the cumulative effects. Because these projects are similar, the impacts on the environment are also similar. Such impacts will have cumulative effects. The cumulative effects of the proposed project and the step construction of the Hanjiang River drainage area are shown in Table 16- 1. 207 Matrix Table for Cumulative effects of the Project Table 16-1 Project Cumulative effects Factors of impacts Characteristics of Impacts Degree of Impacts Ecological Terrestrial & aquatic life & local Serious environment ecological system Social environment Promotion of regional economic Medium development Surface water Water quality Light environment Cuijiaying Air environment Fuel waste gas of ships Light Acoustic Noise Light environment River hydrology Change of river flow pattem and Medium sand sediment Natural landscape Natural landscape Light Climate Climate factors Very Light Public health Health Light Ecological Terrestrial & aquatic life & local Serious environment ecological system Sociaenvironme Promotion of regional economic Social environrnent developmentdvlpetMedium Surface water Water quality Medium environment Hanjiang River Air environment Fuel waste gas of ships Light Basin Acoustic Development environment Noise Light River hydrology Change of river flow pattern and Medium sand sediment Natural landscape Natural landscape Light Climate Climate factors Light Public health Health Light 208 16.lAnalysis of Cumulative Impacts on the Valley Development 16.1.1 Analysis of cumulative impacts on the ecological environment (1) The impacts on terrestrial organism Construction of the Hanjiang River steps will inundate expansive lands and destroy the living environment of terrestrial organism, compelling living space of terrestrial plants and animals to transfer towards areas of high water level or far away from the reservoir area. As a result, living space of terrestrial animals will be reduced; as to terrestrial plants, due to the sudden change of water and land environment, large numbers of terrestrial plants will disappear and the loss will be enormous. From the view of biological species, no endangered species of animals or plants has been discovered within the reservoir area, and terrestrial animals and plants will not decrease in number. (2) The impacts on aquatic organism The impacts of project construction on the aquatic life will be great. As for migrating fishes, step construction will block the back-going channels. These migrating fishes can find suitable living environment in the lower reaches when they are separated by the single dam. However, during construction of multiple steps, due to the long length of river channel, the distance between one step and the other is long, and the environmental differences are relatively big. Many fishes will undergo decrease of quantity. The impacts of project construction on the aquatic life include two kinds. One is migrating fishes, the other is the fish which move a long distance. The eel is not the only migrating fish which lives in Han river, it lives in Yangtse River and its branch widely. Thus, the impacts of dam construction on eel is the decrease of quantity.it will not cause extinction of eel. On the other hand, the water will be slowered, deeper and wider after construction of multiple steps. Such will be good for growing of phycophyta. At the same time, due to the inferior capacity in degrading organism of the reservoir, which provide more adequate foods for the phytoplankton and initiate their productive capacities. Quantity and species of phytoplankton will have an increase tendency. 16.1.2 Analysis of cumulative impacts on the social environment With gradual construction of the planned multiple steps in the Hanjiang River, the navigating capacity of the Hanjiang River will be improved, which will promote the exploitation of rich mineral resources in Shanxi and northeast of Hubei, and drive the economic construction and development in the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River, especially Xiangfan city, thus drive the regional economic development, add more job opportunities, and improve the regional economic position. 16.1.3 Analysis of cumulative impacts on the surface water environment According to Report on Multiple-step Exploitation Program of Trunk Stream of Hanjiang River drawn up by Changjiang Water Reservation Committee, 16 dams in Hanjiang River drainage area are planned to be exploited in multiple steps. Construction of the Hanjiang River 209 steps will lower the water velocity in each reaches of the channel, degrade the degradation capacity of the river water and further deteriorate the water quality. Prediction of the single pivot also reflects the same point. Discharge equal quantities of pollutant into two kinds of river water, one is water before construction of the pivot and the other after. As a result, water quality of the former is better than the latter. After completion of multiple steps, quality of water from the upper step is already contaminated, and water quality of steps in the lower reaches will be accumulated to be worse and worse, so construction of Hanjiang River steps will cause obvious cumulative impacts on water quality in the lower reaches, especially in case of short reaches of the channel. 16.1.4 Cumulative impacts on air environment Construction of the Hanjiang River steps will not produce air pollutants itself. However, step construction will increase the navigating capacities of the Hanjiang River. This means that there will be more ships waiting for passing the ship gate, which will add to the waste gas. Therefore, the nearby air environmental quality will be affected by the waste gas discharged by the passing ships. After completion of the whole steps in the planning of the Hanjiang River, the transporting capacity and volume of freight will be big and there will be more and more ships. So the neighboring environmental air quality will gradually deteriorate along with the completion of the steps. However, according to the estimated number of ships, even by 2010, the air quality nearby the ship gate where are under the pollution of waste gas will not be lower than the corresponding standard for evaluation. 16.1.5 Analysis of the impacts on acoustic environment With gradual construction of the planned multiple steps in the Hanjiang River, the navigating capacity of the Hanjiang River will be improved. The passing ships will increase and the waiting ships for passing will also increase. Therefore, the mechanical noises produced by ships will also have some impacts on the neighboring environment. 16.1.6 Analysis of the impacts on river hydrology and sand sediment With the gradual construction of the planned steps, the existing river will be divided into different sections, each of which will become a river-type reservoir. The water flow is slowered, water amplitude becomes less and the flow volume also undergoes obvious changes. Especially in low water period, the river can keep at a designated flow that will be higher than that in the natural river channel. In view of the prediction of each individual junction, it can be seen that, even water is released in flood period and most sand are carried away by flood, there are still some quantity of sand sediment in the reservoir. After completion of the multiple steps, even with flood releasing, due to the blocking gate in the floodway, flood releasing will be somewhat hampered and so some sand sediment shall form in the reservoir. 16.1.7 Analysis of the impacts on natural landscape With the gradual construction of the planned steps, the natural channel of Hanjiang River will be divided into 17 reaches, 16 of which are river-type reservoirs, and this will wholly change the landscape along Hanjiang River. Although it imposes little impact on the value of sight enjoyment, it destroys to a certain extent the continuity and completeness of natural landscape along Hanjiang River. 16.1.8 Analysis of the impacts on climate 210 According to the prediction of the project, river-type reservoir will have little impacts on the climate, which shall be limited to the range of 2km from riversides and of limited degree. After completion of the multiple steps, the river sections shall remain the previous river channels, and the impacts on climate are only limited to the neighboring sides. The superpositional impacts shall be very much limited. Therefore, the construction of multiple steps will not have cumulative effects on the climate. 16.1.9 Analysis of the impacts on public health According to the prediction of the Project, completion of the project will not have obvious impacts on the health of the neighboring residents. Due to the construction of the multiple steps, the water in the Hanjiang River will be deeper than that in the previous natural river channel. All reservoirs belong to river-type reservoirs. In flood time, the flood will released to the lower reservoirs. Even though with different water quality and the upper reservoirs will somewhat affect the lower reservoirs, due to the limited influence, the degree of cumulative effects will be limited. From the above analysis, it can be seen that, construction of multiple steps will have cumulative effects on the social environment, especially on the aquatic organism followed by on the social environment and surface water. Therefore, during the process of construction, it is required to enhance the protective measures for negative impacts, thoroughly exert the positive effects, thus to make it serve for the human being while minimize the impacts on the environment. 16.2 Conclusion of Cumulative Effects From the analysis of cumulative effects of the Cuijiaying Project and multiple-step construction, it can be seen that the cumulative effects of individual step construction will be limited while the construction of multiple steps will have obvious cumulative effects due to accumulation of time and identical impacts. The negative impacts are mainly on aquatic life, especially on the migrating fishes and benthonic organism. Besides eel, there are no typical migrating fishes in Han River. Due to the separation of Danjiangkou dam, the eel cannot trace to the upper reaches of Han River; there are over 30 economic fishes in the middle and lower reaches of Han River, which belong to common fishes and they can exist in other valleys, the construction of the project will not lead to the annihilation of these fishes. The positive impacts of the construction of the project are to promote the economic development in the west poverty-stricken regions. Therefore, during construction of individual project, it is required to take into consideration of the integrative influences of multiple projects so that the advantages can be exerted and the disadvantages may be avoided, thus to minimize the negative impacts on the environment. 211 17.0 ANALYSIS OF INDIRECT IMPACTS Indirect impacts caused by Hanjiang River Cuijiaying navigation hydropower pivot project mainly lie in transportation, industry and agriculture, social economy, municipal construction, flood control, etc. 17.1 Impacts on Communications and Transportation Xiangfan city is situated at the crossing of east-to-west and north-to-south transportation, so it's one of the regions in Hubei province and even the whole country, which have densely spread traffic routes and bumper-to-bumper transportation. Transportation means in Hanjiang River economic hinterland where the project is situated include highway, railway, water carriage and civil aviation, and if judged from the ratio of passenger traffic to goods traffic, the former three are main means of transportation, while civil aviation mainly refers to passenger transport at present. Highways in Hanjiang River hinterland include 207, 209 and 316 national highway and provincial highway between Xiangfan and Shiyan, Xiangfan and Danjiangkou, Yichang and Danjiangkou, and other provincial and prefectural road nets. Framework of the hinterland road net has taken initial shape. The Hanshi and Taiao highway under construction will provide favorable fundamental conditions to the development of hinterland highway transportation, and Xiangfan will become an important hub joining the east and west of China. Railways crossing the hinterland include Xiangyu railway line, Handan railway line and Jiaoliu railway line, the main marshalling station is Xiangfan north station, which is one of the 13 super marshalling stations across the country. This station is used to complete passenger and goods transportation in the local area, as well as north-south coal transfer, west-east coal transfer through Jingguang railway line and Longhai railway line, and the transit marshalling of national key point products such as petroleum, motorcar, and phosphorus rock. The length of Hanjiang River between the water conservancy pivot of Ankang in Shanxi province and Wuhan, the river mouth is 1022Km. After regulation to a certain extent, 649Km down from Danjiangkou can be used for navigation of 500t all around the year, and 373Km between Ankang and Danjiangkou can be used for navigation of fleet of 50-300t all around the year, which is therefore called a golden waterway. Hanjiang River navigation plays an important role in history, which makes great contribution to the social economic development of the hinterland. Since middle and late stage of 1960s, with Xiangyu railway line open to traffic and the development of highway construction, Hanjiang River navigation have been playing a less important role in the comprehensive transportation system of the hinterland. The waterway of Hanjiang River between Xiangfan and Baihe is not only the passage for water transportation within Hubei province, but also the only way for water transportation of outbound cargo in the south of Shanxi province. Despite of the rapid development of highways and other transportation means in the hinterland in recent years, water transportation will remain as a economical way for long distance transport of lot cargo, as is seen from the long term benefit and experience of advanced countries. Compared with highway and railway, water 212 transportation has the advantages of large capacity, small investment, low transportation cost, low energy consumption, small land occupation, little environmental pollution, etc, which are suitable for long distance transport of lot cargo; its disadvantages lie in longer haul cycle than highway and railway transportation. However, due to poor fundamental conditions for water transportation on Xiangfan reach of Hanjiang River, only Grade IV of standard waterway size can be reached by integrating discharge flow rate with dredging and regulation. Furthermore, deficient supporting facilities and blocked inland transport will also discount the advantage of water transportation. On completion of Hanjiang River Cuijiaying navigation hydropower pivot project, navigation conditions of Hanjiang River will be greatly improved, which meanwhile will help getting through the way for outbound cargo in south Shanxi and contribute to the great development of the West. The coal of Shanxi, in particular, will be transported from Xi'an to Ankang by railway and a part of it will be transported thence through waterway to supply Hubei province and coal scarce areas in the middle and lower reach of Changjiang River, which therefore further optimizes the comprehensive transportation network. Joining with Changjiang River in Wuhan, the advancement of navigation in Hanjiang River will favor the development of some super urban groups such as Xiangfan and Wuhan. And it's the important way linking coastal areas and southwest of China in the "T"-shaped coastal and along-river development trend. After completion of this project, the advantage of Hanjiang River will be given full play in order to realize nonstop through both offset lines and lead lines and the combined transport of river and sea, which is helpful for accelerating exploitation and utilization of mineral resources in the hinterland, thus will promote the development of national economy in the hinterland and bring prosperity to cities along the river. On completion of Hanjiang River Cuijiaying navigation hydropower pivot project, navigation conditions of Hanjiang River will be greatly improved, which will cause the development of harbour.The impacts of habour include waste water, sewerage, TSP, noise and solid waste in construction period; the impacts on residents around harbour are TSP and noise caused by vehicles in .operation period. With the paying more attention to the environment protection, the harbour should be constructed after the EIA is submitted and approved by environment charge department. According to the constructed harbour, the habour environment impact is very limited during the construction and operation. 17.2 Impacts on Industrial Development Xiangfan is situated in the middle of Shiyan-Xiangfan-Wuhan motorcar industrial corridor in the provincial economic structure. Because of its favorable geographic location, many large-scale projects have settled in Xiangfan since the build of new China, and by far Xiangfan has formed a relatively complete industrial system including machinery, light industry, textile industry, metallurgy, electron, chemical industry, medicament, etc. At the end of 2002, there were more than 3600 enterprises, in which 136 were medium and large-scale industrial enterprises, with total assets value of RMB21.255 billion, employee of 194,500, and 180 kinds of main products including successively color television, bicycle, cigarette, art paper, mobile comrmunication, integrated circuit, bearing, cement, clothing, etc, in which, Xiangfan Bearing 213 Factory, Hubei Chemical Fiber Group and Jinpeng Corporation were listed into the 512 key enterprises supported by the country. In 1989, construction of the base of Second Automobile in Xiangfan started. In 1992, establishment of Xiangfan automobile industry development zone was approved by People's government of Hubei, and it has accumulated fixed asset investment of more than RMB6 billion and injected new vitality to the economic development of Xiangfan. At present, the industrial economic scale of Xiangfan is listed second place in Hubei province, of only after Wuhan. By 2002, the three districts of Xiangfan had accomplished GDP to RMB18.96 billion, and the GDP per capita had increased from RMB307 in 1978 RMB10227 in 2002, annually increasing 15.7%; the industrial enterprises had accomplished total output value of RMB 15.787 billion, annually increasing 15.9% in 24 years. Shiyan, Xiangfan and Wuhan have become the corridor of automobile industry of Hubei province, and Xiangfan will become an important base for producing light truck, motorcar and spare parts like engine. At present, coal, construction materials, fittings and spare parts for automobile as well as vehicles will be transported by highway, compared with the transportation modes of highway and railway, the water carriage has the advantages of large load, little investment, low transportation cost, low consumption, little occupied land and environmental pollution and so on, which is suitable for the long-distance transportation of mass goods. The implementation of this project will make thorough improvement to the navigation condition of Hanjiang River in Xiangfan reach, which, together with the regulating works of Danxiang waterway under construction, will not only promote and ensure the development of Shiyan-Xiangfan-Wuhan big triangle economic zone and the automobile industrial belt, furthermore, the influences on the environment will be better than the one at present. On the other hand, with the improvement of the transport ability and development of enterprise, it will cause disadvantage impact on environment.On account of Chinese the government is paying more attention to environment protection,new enterprise must obey rule of gross control and contamination under discharge standard, thus, the enlarge and development of enterprise, it will not cause new pollution. 17.3 Impacts on Agricultural Development The landform of Xiangfan inclines from northwest to southeast. The west is mountain area with flourishing trees; the east is hump embedded with terraces; three northern areas (north Xiangfan, north Zaoyang, north Laohekou) are vast and spacious; the river valley plain is fertile, rich and populous. The farm products are mainly wheat, rice, cotton and oil plants, and Xiangfan is one of the three sesame producing areas of the country, one of the three cotton producing areas of Hubei, as well as the main wheat producing area of the whole province. Xiangfan is one of the key commodity bases of foodstuff, cotton and oil in the country and was established the first foodstuff storage city in Hubei as well as the second in China in 1998. Its farmland area takes up 12.4% of the whole province; total foodstuff output in normal year takes up 1/6, listed first in Hubei; cotton takes up 1/10; oil plants takes up 1/7; vegetable takes up 1/7; fruit takes up 1/6; tea takes up 1/10; breeding stock and out stock of cattle and sheep of takes up the first, breeding of poultry takes up the second, breeding of live pig and output eggs takes up the third; the net income per capital of farmers in 2002 was RMB2347, with RMB 130 higher than the average level of the whole province. 214 Xiangfan suffers different degrees of drought each year and the agricultural water can't be guaranteed. On completion of Cuijiaying navigation hydropower pivot, the water level in the upper reaches of the dam will be raised, which will improve the irrigation condition on banks of the reservoir. Meanwhile, the water surface can be used for fish culture, and the improvement of water transportation will open a short cut for agricultural products transportation, so the positive benefit for agricultural development in the construction area is obvious. 17.4 Impacts on Social Economic Development (1) Impacts on regional economy Hanjiang River is a main branch of Changjiang River, the main water transportation line of Hubei and Shanxi, as well as an important part of Changjiang water transportation network. The construction of Hanjiang River Cuijiaying navigation hydropower pivot project is necessary to the regional social economic development. In this reach of Hanjiang River, there are land-water transfer cities such as Yun county, Danjiangkou, Laohekou and Xiangfan. Since the reform and opening to the outside world, Hanjiang River has taken over not only part of freight volume of these cities, but also much transit freight volume, for example, the water transportation of Dongfeng automobile through Yun county and Danjiangkou, the transit of foodstuff and agricultural and sideline products from southwest of Henan province through Laohekou, both of which had large-scale freight volume. Due to the restriction of waterway conditions, these transports appeared to be discontinuous with some years of higher freight volume while others of lower freight volume. After completion of the proposed project, combining the regulating works between Baihe of Hanjiang River to Xiangfan, it will make relative stable transportation to these goods, and promote the formation of a more rational comprehensive transport structure in the hinterland. Besides, the dam will be used as the highway linking two banks of Hanjiang River, in order to serve the regional economic development in a better way. Cuijiaying navigation hydropower pivot project possesses the comprehensive social economic benefit including navigation, power generation, irrigation, aquaculture, tourism, etc. Completion of this project will notably improve the navigation condition in the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River. Apart from that, using the direct financial income created in power generation for dynamic development of the waterway will provide essential transportation conditions to the economic development along the project line as well as advantages to Xiangfan economy and the base of Second Automobile in Xiangfan. This project will play an important role in the development of regional industry, agriculture, transportation and service industry. (2) Impacts on the living standards of local residents Immediate beneficiaries of this project will be residents on the banks of the river. Above all, highways on each bank will be linked through construction of dam top highway and the linking bridge, which will provide great convenience to the residents along the river; Furthermore, elevation of flood control standards will reduce flood and the stricken population, thus protect 215 life and property of the people frequently stricken by flood before as well as raise their living standards; Thirdly, construction of this project will provide more job opportunities and decrease pressure on regional employment; Fourthly, if iesidents from the inundated area are resettled properly, the resettlement will achieve the due effect and raise the living standards of some residents; Fifth, driven by the pivot construction, the local area, which still belongs to poor area at present, will expect rapid economic development, and financial conditions of the local government will be improved for more investment in education, culture, sanitation, and infrastructures; Lastly, the construction of pivot living area will accelerate urbanization, add sales volume of consumer goods, activate the local market economy, as well as increase the income of local residents and improve their living standards. (3) impact on the fishery of Han River After the pivot is built, as to some fishes suitable for living in the open water, the groups and the quantity increase greatly. At the river section below the dam, although the dam is built, some bad influences are brought about on the reproduction and growth of the economic fishes at the middle and lower reaches of Han River, it is good for living through the winter and some finishing of some fishes. As time goes on, they has adapted the changed environment gradually and can finish the links of the living cycle such as reproduction, ingestion, growth and living through the winter to maintain the group. It can be seen that although the construction of the dam changes the ecologic environment of the former riverway and makes some economic fishes which are widely distributed only live in the separated water body, they can reproduce and grown in their living environment and keep a certain groups and quantity. 17.5 Impacts on Regional Public Utilities After completion of the planned reservoir project, amplitude of setup of the high water level will result in lowered or even zero municipal drainage capacity of some cities; the electro-osmotic drainage stations will also be affected to different extent. If calculated in term of 63.23m as impounded level, 7 large-scale pumping stations in Xiangfan along the river will lose ability of natural drainage, 9 farmland irrigation and drainage culvert gates will partially or fully lose ability of natural drainage, machine foundations in 13 small-size lift irrigation pumping stations will be inundated, striking some parts of the area and bringing adverse influence to production, living, and environment. In addition, after the raise of water level, drainage system in Yuliangzhou will lose ability of natural drainage, and if the waste water is discharged into the sewage treatment plant east of Yuliangzhou by manual pressurization, 2 new pumping stations will be needed. Construction of the project will temporarily affect agriculture irrigation and water drinking of human and animals, so it's planned to rebuild these facilities, enlarge installed capacity of electro-osmotic drainage stations and promote the drainage ability of towns, in order to reduce the adverse impact of the flood season. Xiangfan Port is one of the most important pivot ports in Hubei province, but is hard to construct for it's situated at the bifurcation of wide and shallow river section in urban area. Cuijiaying pivot project will raise water level of the reservoir, form a man-made lake, which is advantageous not only for the natural environment, but also for layout and construction of 216 Xiangfan Port, Yuliangzhou tourist ecologic island, and scenic spots on the bank of reservoir area, and Xiangfan will become a new scenic spot with improved water intake conditions. 17.6 Impacts on Regional Flood Control Influenced by topographic condition and climate, the upper reaches of Hanjiang River are frequently stricken by intensive rainstorm and unexpected massive flood with peak height, and this area suffered frequent and serious flood along history. Flood disaster in the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River is mainly caused by the extreme maladjustment between the volume of flood from the upper reaches and the discharge capacity of flow channel in the lower reaches, which means large volumes of flood rushing from the upper reaches comes across flow channel of too small discharge capacity in the middle and lower reaches and is impacted by the amplitude of setup at the exit. The trunk stream in the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River flows through Hubei province, with levees on the two banks totaling 1494Km (including Dongjinghe levee). The standards for flood control of levee itself is to defend the biggest flood in 5 years, and if matching with the Dujiatai flood diversion work, this levee will be able to defend the biggest flood in 8-10 years; matching with the Danjiangkou reservoir and Dujiatai flood diversion work, it will be able to defend the biggest flood in 20 years; matching with Danjiangkou reservoir, Dujiatai flood diversion work and local flood storage dyke in the upper reaches of Shayang, it will be able to defend flood of 100-year cycle. Defended by the levee along the river are 21 counties and cities of medium and large sizes, including Xiangfan, Jingmen, Jingzhou, Xiaogan, Wuhan and 3 cities governed directly by people's government of Hubei province, namely Tianmen, Qianjiang and Xiantao, as well as large-scale farms and enterprises, such as Shayang Prison Administration, Wusan Farm, and Jianghan Oil Field Administration. With fertile soil, abundant products and prosperous economy, the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River have been well known as land of fish and rice all through the history. Since 1980s, it has been listed as one of the main bases producing grain, cotton and oil as commodities in China, and includes four of the top ten counties and cities of Hubei province. Within the zone of defense, the population totals 16.1 million, area under cultivation totals 1780 X 104mu, fixed assets totals RMB140 billion, and gross output of industry and agriculture totals about RMB 200 billion. After completion of Cuijiaying pivot, although the function of flood control is not obvious, matching with the Danjiangkou reservoir in the upper reaches for storage capacity adjustment and the Dujiatai flood diversion work and local flood storage dyke in the upper reaches of Shayang for joint operation, it will be able to defend the biggest flood in 100 years. 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