New plant construction project

Overall description

This is an overall description of the project as required in section 13 of the Nuclear Energy Act, inspected and approved by the Ministry of Employment and the Economy.

It is to be distributed to households and municipal offices in the following municipalities: Alavieska, Artjärvi, , Ii, Kalajoki, Kemi, Keminmaa, Kotka; Elimäki and Anjalankoski (now merged with the town of ), Lapinjärvi, , , Merijärvi, Myrskylä, Oulainen, Pernaja, , Pyhtää, Pyhäjoki, Raahe, Ranua, Ruotsinpyhtää, Siikajoki, Simo, Tervola, Tornio, Vihanti, Ylivieska.

Copies of this overall description may be ordered from Fennovoima ([email protected]). There is an online version available at the Fennovoima website (fennovoima.fi). Contents

Statement by the Ministry of Employment and the Economy on the overall description ...... 3 Foreword ...... 4 Introduction ...... 5 Fennovoima...... 6 General signifi cance and necessity of the Fennovoima nuclear power plant project ...... 8 Project implementation ...... 14 Environment ...... 16 Alternative sites for the nuclear power plant ...... 18 Technology ...... 20 Nuclear fuel and nuclear waste management ...... 21 Safety ...... 22 Public hearing and contact information ...... 23

Frequently asked questions

What will be the benefi ts of the nuclear power plant to and to the community where it is located? pp. 11-12 How will the site be selected? p. 18 Where will the spent nuclear fuel be stored? p. 21 How will the safety of the nuclear power plant be ensured? p. 22 How can citizens infl uence the project? p. 23

This publication is the overall description of the Fennovoima nuclear power plant pro- ject required in section 13 of the Nuclear Energy Act. It is based on the application for a decision-in-principle submitted by Fennovoima and has been inspected and appro- ved by the Ministry of Employment and the Economy.

The application process, submitting of opinions and timetable are detailed on the last page.

The Fennovoima application is available in Finnish, Swedish and English at the company website (fennovoima.fi ).

2

Foreword

Dear reader,

In January 2009, Fennovoima submitted an appli- We have local offi ces in Pyhäjoki, Ruotsinpyhtää cation for a decision-in-principle for the construc- and Simo. We warmly welcome all local residents tion of a new nuclear power plant to the Finnish to visit our offi ces to fi nd out more about Fen- Government. A decision is expected in 2010. novoima. Contact information is given in this publication. The alternative sites for the new power plant are in Pyhäjoki, Ruotsinpyhtää and Simo. Until the Fennovoima’s shareholders are 63 Finnish busi- fi nal selection is made, Fennovoima will continue nesses and power companies, and E.ON Nordic. preparing the project in all three municipalities. Dialogue with local residents is a key factor. Fen- Fennovoima shareholders need the electricity that novoima has held several public briefi ngs in all the new power plant will produce to safeguard three municipalities. The formal public hearings their operating potential and the jobs they provide of the Ministry of Employment and the Economy in Finland. At the moment, they are not self-suffi - regarding the application will be held in May. cient and have to buy electricity on the open mar- ket. Fennovoima will increase competition on the This overall description of the Fennovoima proj- Finnish electricity market, which will ultimately ect, distributed to households in and around the benefi t all Finnish consumers. relevant municipalities, forms part of the public hearing process. It explains how the application Fennovoima will bring jobs and vitality for de- progresses, how and at what point citizens can cades to the municipality eventually selected. The participate in the process, and where further in- tax revenue generated will benefi t the entire area. formation is available. Information is available from the Ministry of Employment and Economy I hope this publication addresses any questions (TEM), the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Author- you may have. If you want to know more, do not ity (STUK) and Fennovoima. The application for hesitate to contact us. a decision-in-principle and the environmental im- pact assessment report are available in full at our Respectfully yours, website.

Tapio Saarenpää CEO Fennovoima Oy

4 Introduction

Fennovoima Oy has submitted an application Please quote the registration number for a Government decision-in-principle concern- 49/815/2009 and give the name and contact ing the construction of a new nuclear power details of the person or corporation submitting plant in Finland. the opinion.

There are three alternative sites for the Nuclear The Government will decide whether the Fen- Power Plant: Hanhikivi in Pyhäjoki, Gäddbergsö novoima project is in the overall interests of in Ruotsinpyhtää and Karsikko in Simo. One of society. Approval of the application requires these sites will be selected for the project. The a favorable statement from the municipality plant to be constructed will have a rated output in which the plant is to be constructed. Also, of 1,500 to 2,500 MW and will consist of one a preliminary statement that the project can Simo or two light-water reactor nuclear power plant be safely implemented is required from STUK. Pyhäjoki units. Electricity production should begin by If the Government approves the application, 2020. The planned service life of the plant is 60 the decision-in-principle will be submitted to years. Parliament, which may approve or reject it.

Fennovoima submitted its application to the This publication is the overall description of Ministry of Employment and the Economy in the Fennovoima nuclear power plant project January 2009. The Ministry is obtaining state- required by the Nuclear Energy Act. It is based Ruotsinpyhtää ments from other ministries, authorities and the on the application for a decision-in-principle relevant municipalities. Citizens and corpora- submitted by Fennovoima and has been inspect- tions may submit their opinions to the Ministry ed and approved by the Ministry of Employ- Alternative sites for the in writing. The Ministry will also be holding for- ment and the Economy. Fennovoima nuclear power mal public hearings in the three relevant munic- plant. ipalities this spring (see p. 23). Written opinions The Fennovoima application is available in on the application should be submitted by post Finnish, Swedish and English at the company by June 15, 2009 to the Ministry of Employment website (fennovoima.fi ). Related documents are and the Economy, PO Box 23, 00023 Valtioneu- also available at the Ministry website (tem.fi ). vosto, or by e-mail to kuuleminen@tem.fi .

5 Fennovoima

A new Finnish nuclear power company

Fennovoima is a Finnish company founded in Its parent company is Voimaosakeyhtiö SF, 2007. Its purpose is to construct a new nuclear which owns 66% of its shares. E.ON Nordic has power plant in Finland. Its shareholders will a 34% holding. The owners of Voimaosakeyhtiö be entitled to the electricity it produces at cost SF are trade and industry companies operating price, in proportion to their holdings. The in Finland such as Boliden, Kesko, Outokumpu, shareholders will also fi nance the project and Ovako, Rautaruukki and SOK, and local energy cover its costs in similar proportion. Fenno- companies such as Imatran Seudun Sähkö, voima will not aim to generate profi ts. Jyväskylän Energia, Kuopion Energia, Energia, Energia and Vantaan Energia.

Sectors in which Fennovoima shareholders operate:

Food industry Chemical industry Energy industry Metal industry Trade and services Construction material industry Registered offices of the energy company shareholders

6 55% 45% Ownership structure of Fennovoima Regional and local Finnish industrial, energy companies retail and service enterprises

66% 34% Voimaosakeyhtiö SF E.ON Nordic

Fennovoima has 64 shareholders AGA Kotkan Energia Porvoon Energia Alajärven Sähkö Kruunupyyn Sähkölaitos Rantakairan Sähkö Atria KSS Energia Rauman Energia Boliden Harjavalta Kuopion Energia Rautaruukki Boliden Kokkola Kuoreveden Sähkö Rovakairan Tuotanto Componenta Köyliön-Säkylän Sähkö Sallila Energia E.ON Nordic Lahti Energia Seinäjoen Energia Esse Elektro-Kraft Lankosken Sähkö SOK Etelä-Savon Energia Lehtimäen Sähkö Tammisaaren Energia Finnfoam Leppäkosken Sähkö Turku Energia Haminan Energia Mondo Minerals Uudenkaarlepyyn Voimalaitos Herrfors Myllyn Paras Valio Hiirikosken Energia Mäntsälän Sähkö Valkeakosken Energia Imatran Seudun Sähkö Nurmijärven Sähkö Vantaan Energia Itä-Lapin Energia Omya Vatajankosken Sähkö Jylhän Sähköosuuskunta Oulun Seudun Sähkö Vetelin Sähkölaitos Jyväskylän Energia Outokummun Energia Vimpelin Voima Kemin Energia Outokumpu Vakka-Suomen Voima Keravan Energia Ovako Bar Ålands Elandelslag Kesko Paneliankosken Voima Ääneseudun Energia Koillis-Satakunnan Sähkö Parikkalan Valo Kokemäen Sähkö Pietarsaaren Energialaitos

7 General signifi cance and necessity of the Fennovoima nuclear power plant project

Shareholders have real need for electricity

Fennovoima has 64 shareholders. Fennovoima shareholders have a real need and interest in Nuclear power is competitive, stable and predictable in its investing in their own emission-free electricity costs. High reliability and stable costs reinforce the profi tabil- production in Finland. ity of the project.

Combined, they account for nearly 30% of all electricity consumption in Finland. Electricity is needed by industry, trade, services, farms and households.

Fennovoima shareholders own very little elec- stable price. Fennovoima was set up to respond tricity generation capacity themselves. They to this demand. have to buy most of their electricity on the open market. Market-priced electricity is expen- A nuclear power plant owned by the sharehold- sive, and its price fl uctuations are considerable ers will secure them reasonable self-suffi ciency and diffi cult to predict. In order to safeguard with regard to electricity for the long term. The their international competitiveness and their in- shareholders are also investing in bioenergy, vestment and employment potential in Finland, wind energy and small-scale hydropower. the Fennovoima shareholders need to be sure of the availability of electricity at a reasonable and

8 Electricity needs in Finland 2007 Filling the electricity needs of Energy consumption in Fennovoima shareholders 2007 Finland and the share of Fennovoima shareholders in it in 2007; distribution Fennovoima Purchased electricity shareholders of electricity procurement c. 30 % among Fennovoima share- holders.

Own production

Others 0 5 10 15 20

TWh/year

Electricity needs of Fennovoima Electricity needs in Finland Electricity needs of Fenno- shareholders by user group 2007 by user group 2007 voima shareholders and in Finland as a whole by user group in 2007.

26% 26% 42% 54%

20% 32%

Industry

Agriculture and households

Trade, services and public sector

9 More competition on the electricity market

Several published expert assessments and re- ports by the Nordic competition authorities state that there are problems on the electricity market. The centralized ownership of electricity production is considered a signifi cant cause of these problems. Today nuclear power provides The energy company shareholders in Fennovo- close to one quarter of Finland’s electricity. ima have some 900,000 small-scale customers Production, however, remains in the hands of in Finland’s retail markets. The competitiveness only a few companies. The fi ve largest owners of small and medium-sized local energy com- of account for no panies will be particularly enhanced by their less than 85% of Finland’s total nuclear power share in Fennovoima. It is advantageous for production. consumers that many local energy companies price their retail sales on the basis of their own The Fennovoima plant will increase the supply actual costs, not on the basis of the market price of electricity on the wholesale market. of electricity.

40 Distribution of electric- Other ity production in Finland 35 M-real among major operators by production mode once the 30 Stora Enso fifth nuclear power plant now under construction is 25 Helsingin Energia completed.

UPM-Kymmene 20 TWh/year 15

10

5

0 Nuclear power Hydropower Wind power Combined heat Other and power condensing production power

10 Impact of the project on the balanced development of Finland

In terms of its size, duration and requirements, All of the alternative Fennovoima nuclear pow- the Fennovoima nuclear power plant con- er plant sites are located in Government-defi ned struction project is a major investment. At the development areas, as specifi ed by Finnish Gov- construction phase, the project will employ ernment Resolution. The project is an example thousands of people in Finland. The permanent of cooperation allowing the companies to focus economic impact on both the immediate local- on long-term development of their operations ity and the surrounding region as a whole will in Finland and their respective local strengths. be considerable. The Fennovoima project will contribute to the A nuclear power plant in a completely new lo- balanced development of Finland without draw- cation will generate long-term industrial activ- ing on central government budget funds. ity and help consolidate the business structure and economy of the surrounding region. Es- tablishment of a new nuclear energy company will provide hundreds of permanent jobs for decades ahead. Because of the long-term nature of nuclear power production, the region will be well placed to diversify its range of services.

11 Effects on the municipal economy and economic and employment structure

The construction and operation of the Fennovo- The municipality will be able to invest its in- ima nuclear power plant will have a signifi cant creased tax revenues in boosting the quality and impact on the business activities, service indus- extent of its service provision. The improved try and labor market of the plant site and its level of services will in turn attract new resi- surrounding economic zone. The tax revenues dents. On the other hand, as a counterbalance of the selected region will increase signifi cant- to the higher tax revenue, the region must in- ly due to real estate, municipal and corporate vest, for example, in the production of services taxation. and infrastructure construction.

Impacts on the local economy Estimated local economic and employment impact of the Fennovoima project. Permanent jobs These will be essentially • Fennovoima personnel: 300-400 the same regardless of • Personnel in external services: about 100 which site is selected.1 • Annual maintenance: about 500 (one month per year) Jobs during construction • Construction site: up to 3,500 to 5,000 • Local sub-contracting: more than 3,000 person-years • Sub-contracting in Finland: 20,000 to 40,000 person-years Tax revenue

• Real estate tax after plant completion: EUR 3.5 to 5.0 million 1) Pöyry Energy Oy 2008. Background report for local • Municipal tax during the operating phase: about EUR 2.0 million economic impact assessment. Fennovoima Oy nuclear power • Increase in other tax revenue plant project. Environmental impact assessment procedure.

Improving security of supply

Electricity is important for security of supply Construction of new nuclear power capacity for society as a whole. Last year, Finland im- improves Finland’s security of supply by reduc- ported 15% of its electricity. Finland’s current ing dependence on imported electricity and on dependence on imports and centralization of fuels that cause emissions of greenhouse gases. production are risk factors that must be taken Because nuclear power is produced in large- into account when assessing future investment scale power plant units, suffi cient decentraliza- in electricity production. Nuclear power plants tion is sensible. The Fennovoima project will typically have a very high capacity factor. With decentralize Finland’s nuclear power produc- the exception of annual maintenance outages, tion in terms of location, ownership and orga- the plants are kept in continuous operation. nization. This will improve security of supply. The national security of supply of fuels is en- sured by emergency stockpiling.

12 Supporting the National Climate and Energy Strategy

Through increasing the production of reason- Priority is given in the Strategy to emission-free ably and stably priced electricity in Finland, the electricity production. The Fennovoima plant Fennovoima project will support the national will increase electricity production in Finland energy supply in accordance with the objec- by at least 12 TWh per year without causing any tives set in the National Climate and Energy greenhouse gas emissions. Increasing nuclear Strategy. The nuclear power production of Fen- power production will also reduce Finland’s novoima will be specifi cally aimed at meeting dependence on imported fuels causing green- the electricity needs of companies operating in house gas emissions: coal, natural gas and oil. Finland, Finnish households and Finnish agri- culture. The long-term goal set by the Finnish Government is security of energy supply and competitiveness combined with environmen- tally sustainable solutions.

1000 Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions from various 800 types of electricity produc- tion, based on a life cycle model. 2 600 -equiv/kWh 2

400 g CO

200

0 2) Electricity and heating life cycle studies in decision-making, Coal Natural gasSolar Hydroenergy Bioenergy Wind Nuclear World Energy Council, Energia- energy (forest) energy energy foorumi.

Maximum

Minimum

13 Project implementation

Timetable and progress of the project

Government decision. Parliament debate. Environmental Parliament can either approve or reject the impact assess- Government’s decision-in-principle. Fennovo- ment report ima will not make the fi nal selection of site Electricity production at completed in or plant type until Parliament has passed the the nuclear power plant October 2008. decision-in-principle. to start.

2008 2010 2020

2007 2009 2012

Fennovoima In January 2009, Fennovoima Permit and construction founded in June submitted an application for phase to begin. 2007. a decision-in-principle for the construction of a new nuclear power plant to the Finnish Government. The Ministry of Employment and the Economy will consult the relevant mu- nicipal councils during 2009. A favorable statement from the municipality of the selected site is a requirement for the project to go ahead.

PreparationProcurement Permits Construction and commissioning Use

Planning

Selection of plant site Preparation of plant site

Pre-planning / project planning

Basic design

Detailed design

Plant contract Construction work *) Beginning main casting Installation *) Decision-in-principle Commissioning *) Environmental permit Building permit and water permit Construction license Operating license

Commercial use *)

2008200920102011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 *) Depends on the type of plant and the supplier

14 Project management Expertise

Fennovoima has the goal of beginning electric- Fennovoima has access to suffi cient expertise ity production at the nuclear power plant in for building the nuclear power plant in compli- 2020 at the latest. The main factors in the prog- ance with safety requirements and other objec- ress of the project are the licensing processes re- tives set. The Fennovoima project organization quired by nuclear energy legislation, construc- will employ 150 to 200 people at the procure- tion legislation and environmental legislation ment and permit phase and about 300 at the and the management of the design and con- construction and commissioning phases. struction of the nuclear power plant. Fennovoima began the development of the The company will pay particular attention to project organization and management system project management and quality management. at the preparation phase of the project. For key The company has shortlisted three alternatives tasks at the preparation phase, the company for the nuclear power plant unit to be used in recruited nuclear energy experts with solid the project: the EPR and SWR-1000 by experience in the design and construction of and the ABWR by Toshiba. Fennovoima has nuclear power plants and the management of conducted a feasibility study for each alterna- extensive and demanding projects. tive together with the plant suppliers. The Radi- ation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) will E.ON is committed to the implementation of evaluate for each whether it can be implement- the Fennovoima project and to ensuring the ed safely and according to Finnish regulations. availability of the required expertise. E.ON’s ex- pertise in all the areas required for implementa- The company will be responsible for safety at tion of the project is at Fennovoima’s disposal. all phases of the project. Under the Nuclear En- ergy Act, the nuclear power plant must be safe The project now employs about 100 people, and and must cause no danger to people, property more will be recruited in spring 2009. or the environment. Fennovoima prioritizes safety in all decision-making.

15 Environment

Fennovoima conducted an environmental im- also needed, and also a construction permit pact assessment (EIA) for the three alternative from the local authority. The local detailed plan sites in Pyhäjoki, Ruotsinpyhtää and Simo in must allow for construction of the facility. The 2008. information from the EIA procedure will be used in the permit process. The EIA report was submitted to the Ministry of Employment and the Economy in October 2008 . The Ministry issued its fi nal statement EIA results on February 20, 2009, concluding the EIA pro- cedure. The Ministry noted that the Fennovo- As a result of the EIA report no implementa- ima EIA report complies in content with the tion option was found to be such that it would requirements of legislation and was prepared have any such detrimental environmental ef- in the required manner. Fennovoima will sub- fects which could not be either approved of or mit the further clarifi cations required in the be lowered to an acceptable level. fi nal statement to the Ministry according to the agreed timetable. These will be added to the ap- Construction of the nuclear power plant will plication process. limit land use in the protective zone of the plant but will enable new land use in suburbs The EIA report is a required supplement to and villages as well as along road connections. the application for a decision-in-principle. The fi rst stage of construction will involve road Implementation of the project will also need a building and excavation to prepare for the construction licence from Government and an power plant and ancillary buildings. Construc- operating licence before the plant is commis- tion site impacts include dust, noise, impacts on sioned. Moreover, permits under the Environ- fl ora, fauna and the landscape, and impacts on mental Protection Act and the Water Act are soil, bedrock and groundwater. The dust from

16 the construction site has a local impact only. ing of fi shing gear, and catching certain species Traffi c will be heavy only during the fourth or may become more diffi cult. Construction will fi ft h year of construction. also have an impact on fl ora and fauna. Part of the environment will be permanently altered. Emissions from traffi c at the site will not cause The local impact of the cooling water discharge signifi cant adverse eff ects to people or the natu- can be alleviated through various technical so- ral environment through decreased air quality. lutions. Implementing the project in Ruotsin- The construction of power lines will restrict pyhtää will require further study of cooling land use in the power line clearing. water discharges if Fortum goes ahead with the Loviisa 3 project. Through careful planning, excavation and earthmoving work can be scheduled so as to The normal use of a nuclear power plant causes cause minimum disruption. Conveying the no radiation impacts to the health, living con- cooling water from the plant to the sea will ditions or recreation of people in the vicin- increase the water temperature in the immedi- ity. However, access to and recreation at the ate vicinity of the discharge point. This impact (fenced) power plant site is not allowed. The and the eff ects of various intake and discharge impact of the plant on local fl ora and fauna confi gurations were studied for each site using during the operating phase can be alleviated 3D fl ow models. How wide a sea area is aff ected through measures considering local bird life depends on the size of the plant and the intake in particular. Environmental impacts must be and discharge confi guration. monitored according to guidelines approved by the authorities. In the winter, the cooling water discharge will weaken the ice cover. Aquatic vegetation and For further information and the complete EIA phytoplankton will proliferate in the impact report, see fennovoima.fi /yva/. area. Fishing may be adversely aff ected by slim-

17 Alternative sites for the nuclear power plant

There are three alternative sites considered three alternative sites. Local detailed planning is by Fennovoima for the nuclear power plant: in progress for all three sites. Hanhikivenniemi in Pyhäjoki, Gäddbergsö in Ruotsinpyhtää and Karsikko in Simo. These The company has consulted Fingrid, the nation- three alternatives were shortlisted through a al grid company, to ensure that the plant could complicated selection process involving stud- be connected to the national grid at all three ies of soil and bedrock, availability of cooling alternative sites. water, transport and access to the national grid. The alternative sites comply with STUK prin- ciples of protecting the plant from external risks and minimizing the risks and threats caused to the immediate environment. Pyhäjoki The Hanhikivi site is located in the The alternative sites fulfi ll the requirements for northern part of the municipality of constructing the nuclear power plant and are Pyhäjoki on the Hanhikivi headland. The plant is planned to be built in suitable for the project. Fennovoima will select the middle and northern parts of the one of these for the implementation of the proj- headland. ect and will build the nuclear power plant at a 0 10 20 km single plant site. Fennovoima owns land suit- Simo able for use as the nuclear power plant site at all Raahe Siikajoki Pyhäjoki Hanhikivi

Pyhäjoki Vihanti

Merijärvi Kalajoki Oulainen Alavieska Ylivieska Ruotsinpyhtää

Illustration of an EPR power plant at Hanhikivi, view towards the east from the sea.

18 Ruotsinpyhtää The Gäddbergsö site is located on the headland of Gäddbergsö in the southern part of the mu-

Simo nicipality of Ruotsinpyhtää. The plant is planned to be built in the middle part of the headland. Pyhäjoki Artjärvi 0 10 20 km Anjalankoski Myrskylä Elimäki Lapinjärvi Askola Liljendal Kotka Ruotsin- pyhtää Loviisa Pyhtää Porvoo Pernaja Ruotsinpyhtää Gäddbergsö

Illustration of a single-unit SWR-1000 plant at Gäddbergsö, view towards the north from the sea.

0 10 20 km

Tervola

Tornio

Keminmaa Simo

Kemi Simo Pyhäjoki Ii Karsikko

Simo The Karsikko site is locat- ed on the headland of Kar- sikkoniemi in the western part of the municipality of Ruotsinpyhtää Simo. The plant is planned to be built in the southern and southwestern parts of the headland.

Illustration of an ABWR power plant at Karsikko, view towards the northwest from the sea.

19 Technology

Fennovoima has three power plant unit op- Fennovoima aims to construct a plant comprising one or two nuclear power tions: the EPR and SWR-1000 by Areva and plant units, equipped with light water reactors, with a combined electricity the ABWR by Toshiba. The options represent output of 1,500 to 2,500 MW. proven technology, and their key operating principles are equivalent to the nuclear reactors currently operating in Finland.

They incorporate the most advanced safety technology currently available, and all can be built in compliance with Finnish regulations. Regardless of the option chosen, the plant can be designed to make use of waste heat or to also produce district heating. For example, pro- ducing 1,000 MW in district heating would re- duce electricity production by 200 to 250 MW. Producing district heating at the nuclear power plant would have no eff ect on the plant’s safety properties. All safety requirements will in any EPR by Areva NP case be fulfi lled.

ABWR by Toshiba

Toshiba ABWR EPR SWR 1000 Manufacturer, Toshiba Areva NP Areva NP Country [of origin] Japan France, Germany France, Germany

Thermal Power (MW) 4,300 4,590 3,370

Electricity Output (MW) about 1,600 about 1,700 about 1,250

Reactor Type Boiling water Pressurized water Boiling water

Primary Safety Systems Active Active Passive Reference plant, Hamaoka 5 Olkiluoto 3 Gundremmingen C Country Japan Finland Germany SWR 1000 by Areva NP

20 Nuclear fuel and nuclear waste management

Fennovoima will organize nuclear fuel manage- Fennovoima plans to fi nally dispose of its spent nuclear fuel at the ment with appropriate supervision of planning, repository to be built at Olkiluoto in . In 1983, the Govern- production, transport and storage to ensure ment determined that a single site in Finland should be chosen as quality and safety. the fi nal repository for spent nuclear fuel. In 2000, a decision-in- principle by Government and Parliament designated Olkiluoto as the The Fennovoima project will not require urani- site for the repository for spent nuclear fuel from existing nuclear um mining in Finland. Nuclear fuel is not pro- power plants in Finland. duced here. is produced responsibly and according to regulations in several countries such as Canada and Australia, and it is available waste management obligation. Under section 29 on the international commodities market just of the Nuclear Energy Act, the Ministry of Em- like other metals such as iron, copper or gold. ployment and the Economy may order various The availability of nuclear fuel is secured for the licensees under the waste management obliga- useful life of the plant. tion to undertake waste management measures jointly, if by doing so safety can be increased or Fennovoima plans to procure nuclear fuel in co- costs can be substantially reduced or if any other operation with the international E.ON Group. weighty reason so requires. Nuclear fuel suppliers are required to be com- mitted to Fennovoima’s and E.ON’s demanding The fi nal disposal method ensures through mul- environmental and quality objectives. tiple redundancy that the will pose no hazard to the environment or to people. Fennovoima has the appropriate methods at its It is estimated that fi nal disposal of spent nu- disposal for implementing the Fennovoima nu- clear fuel from the Fennovoima nuclear power clear power plant’s nuclear waste management. plant will begin in 2050 at the earliest. The spent Nuclear waste management at the Fennovoima nuclear fuel will be placed in interim storage in nuclear power plant will be implemented using separate buildings at the plant site. In addition the same methods as at nuclear power plants al- to spent nuclear fuel, the plant will produce ready in operation in Finland. low- and medium-level reactor waste. This waste, produced in normal operations, will be pro- Fennovoima plans to develop and implement cessed, stored and fi nally disposed of at the plant the fi nal disposal of spent nuclear fuel together site. The same procedure is followed at existing with other Finnish operators that have a nuclear nuclear power plants in Finland.

21 Mitigation of consequences

Containment building Safety failure Control of severe accidents Pursuant to the Nuclear Energy Act (990/1987), the Multiple failure of use of nuclear energy must be safe and must not independent cause injury to people, or damage to the environ- safety systems Control of accidents ment or property. The Fennovoima plant will be Failure of an entire built and operated in compliance with the law. safety system Fennovoima is responsible for the safety of the Control of abnormal operation nuclear power plant and for the safe management Failure of an individual of its nuclear waste. device Normal operation This will be ensured through the principle of de- fense in depth, i.e. by means of successive indepen- dent protection systems encompassing both the operational and structural safety of the plant. The safety functions are parallel, and failure of one will Levels of defence-in-depth protection. cause no danger to people or the environment.

Neither the radiation exposure of individuals nor The minimum security level will be determined by legislation, the limit values set for the release of radioactive Government safety orders and other regulations pertaining to materials will be exceeded during normal plant nuclear power plants. However, Fennovoima aims to achieve a operation or in the event of operational failure or substantially better level of safety than this. accident. The technical design ensuring this will be shown in the construction and operating li- For more information on safety and monitoring, see the STUK cence process. Before commissioning, Fennovoima website at stuk.fi . will prepare an environmental radiation monitor- ing programme with continuous monitoring and regular sampling.

Outer Physical protection planning for the event of emer- containment building gency situations will be prepared in cooperation with safety and rescue authorities. The overall de- sign safety of the plant will be assessed as a whole Inner containment in conjunction with the construction license building application. The initial safety assessment will be conducted by Fennovoima in compliance with Finnish regulations and the company’s own safety requirements. The plans will then be submitted to STUK for inspection and approval. coolant circuit Nuclear fuel

An uncompromising safety culture forms the foundation for the design, construction and use of the plant. The plant will be designed, construct- ed and used so that it fulfi lls all requirements for Nuclear power plant technical release barriers against radioactive materials. nuclear safety and radiation use.

The safety functions will reliably ensure that safety internal risks but also for external threats such as oil is also maintained in situations of system failure and chemical spills and extreme weather, and illegal or during equipment servicing or in the case of a acts. The facility will be designed to withstand even human error. Allowance will be made not only for a passenger aircraft crash.

22 Public hearing and contact information

Statements The Ministry of Employment and the Economy will request statements from minis- tries, authorities, the alternative placement municipalities of Pyhäjoki, Ruotsinpyhtää and Simo and their neighboring municipalities. On January 1, 2010, the municipalities of Ruotsinpyhtää, Liljendal and Pyhtää will merge with the town of Loviisa, where a new council will be elected in October 2009. Because of the merger, the Ministry has requested statements on the Fennovoima ap- plication also from the merger committee and the municipalities bordering Ruotsin- pyhtää.

Announcements The Ministry published an announcement on the Fennovoima nuclear power plant project in newspapers and at its website tem.fi on April 15, 2009.

Application on display at A copy of the application for a decision-in-principle is on display from April 15 municipal offices to June 15, 2009 at the municipal offices of Pyhäjoki (Kuntatie 1), Ruotsinpyhtää (Pitäjäntie 7 A), Simo (Ratatie 6) and neighboring municipalities.

Public hearing The Ministry will hold public hearings in the municipalities where the alternative sites are located as follows: Simo, Tuesday May 26, 2009 at 18.00 (Simo school gymnasi- um, Simontie 3); Pyhäjoki, Wednesday May 27, 2009 at 18.00 (Pyhäjoki multi-purpose hall gymnasium, Koulutie 7); and Ruotsinpyhtää, Thursday May 28, 2009 at 18.00 (Strömfors workers’ hall, Forsellesintie 2). These are not forums for public discussion, but briefings in accordance with the pub- lic hearing provided for in section 13 of the Nuclear Energy Act.

Submitting opinions Opinions on the project may be submitted to the Ministry by post (Ministry of Em- ployment and the Economy, PO Box 32, 00023 Valtioneuvosto) or e-mail (kuulemi- [email protected]). Opinions must be submitted to the Ministry by June 15, 2009. Please quote the registration number 49/815/2009 and give the name and contact details of the person or corporation submitting the opinion.

More information, Further information on the application process at the Ministry: Jorma Aurela, Senior Ministry of Employment Engineer, tel. + 358 10 606 4832, and Eriika Melkas, Senior Adviser, and the Economy tel. + 358 10 606 4103. More information, Fennovoima website: fennovoima.fi, e-mail: [email protected] Fennovoima Fennovoima has local offices in three municipalities: Pyhäjoki office Vanhatie 48, 86100 Pyhäjoki open Mon and Thu 10.00 to 16.30, Tue and Fri 09.00 to 15.30 Communications assistant Heli Haikola Tel. + 358 20 757 9224

Ruotsinpyhtää office Mailing address: Street address: Fennovoima Oy, PO Box 59, 07901 Loviisa Brandensteininkatu 19, 07900 Loviisa open Thu 13.00 to 18.00 and Fri 09.00 to 13.00 Liaison manager Patrik Hellman Tel. + 358 20 757 9215

Simo office Maksniementie 28, 95230 Maksniemi open Mon and Thu 10.00 to 16.30, Tue and Fri 09.00 to 15.30 Communications assistant Minna Palosaari Tel. + 358 20 757 9223

Fennovoima personnel e-mail addresses: [email protected]

23 Salmisaarenaukio 1, FIN-00180 fennovoima.fi , + 358 20 757 9200