Adaptive Radiation: Darwin Finches Core Course: ZOOL3014 B.Sc. (Hons’): Vith Semester
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Cross-Temporal Analysis of Genetic Diversity in the Endangered Medium Tree Finch (Camarhynchus Pauper) and Closely Related Darwin’S Finches
Cross-Temporal Analysis of Genetic Diversity in the Endangered Medium Tree Finch (Camarhynchus pauper) and Closely Related Darwin’s Finches By Colleen Metzger B.S., Juniata College, 2009 A thesis submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati Department of Biological Sciences In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Science Committee Chair: Kenneth Petren, Ph.D. November 2012 Abstract Natural history collections can provide a direct view of past genotypes, which allows greater insight into evolutionary processes that are relevant for conservation and management. However, few studies have used broad surveys of multilocus genotypes from the past to address the wide range of processes that can affect conservation planning of a species today. Therefore, we assessed the history and status of the critically endangered medium tree finch, Camarhynchus pauper, an endemic finch of the Galápagos Islands. Using ancient DNA techniques, we quantified cross-temporal genetic change for 16 microsatellite loci in this species and its relatives. We tested the hypothesis that C. pauper has undergone a recent reduction in population size and loss of genetic diversity, and evaluated the hypothesis that C. pauper is genetically distinct from its two closest relatives, C. parvulus and C. psittacula. We assessed whether decline in C. pauper has led to increased hybridization with other species and evaluated a long-standing hypothesis of its origin from C. psittacula on another island using genetic distances, assignment tests, and migration analyses. Genetic diversity declined significantly in C. pauper over time, and several other tree finch populations showed similar losses of genetic diversity. -
Ecuador & the Galapagos Islands
Ecuador & the Galapagos Islands - including Sacha Lodge Extension Naturetrek Tour Report 29 January – 20 February 2018 Medium Ground-finch Blue-footed Booby Wire-tailed Manakin Galapagos Penguin Green Sea Turtle Report kindly compiled by Tour participants Sally Wearing, Rowena Tye, Debbie Hardie and Sue Swift Images courtesy of David Griffiths, Sue Swift, Debbie Hardie, Jenny Tynan, Rowena Tye, Nick Blake and Sally Wearing Naturetrek Mingledown Barn Wolf’s Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ UK T: +44 (0)1962 733051 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report Ecuador & the Galapagos Islands - including Sacha Lodge Extension Tour Leader in the Galapagos: Juan Tapia with 13 Naturetrek Clients This report has kindly been compiled by tour participants Sally Wearing, Rowena Tye, Debbie Hardie and Sue Swift. Day 1 Monday 29th January UK to Quito People arrived in Quito via Amsterdam with KLM or via Madrid with Iberia, while Tony came separately from the USA. Everyone was met at the airport and taken to the Hotel Vieja Cuba; those who were awake enough went out to eat before a good night’s rest. Day 2 Tuesday 30th January Quito. Weather: Hot and mostly sunny. The early risers saw the first few birds of the trip outside the hotel: Rufous- collared Sparrow, Great Thrush and Eared Doves. After breakfast, an excellent guide took us on a bus and walking tour of Quito’s old town. This started with the Basilica del Voto Nacional, where everyone marvelled at the “grotesques” of native Ecuadorian animals such as frigatebirds, iguanas and tortoises. -
01 Grant 1-12.Qxd
COPYRIGHT NOTICE: Peter R. Grant & B. Rosemary Grant: How and Why Species Multiply is published by Princeton University Press and copyrighted, © 2007, by Princeton University Press. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher, except for reading and browsing via the World Wide Web. Users are not permitted to mount this file on any network servers. Follow links for Class Use and other Permissions. For more information send email to: [email protected] CHAPTER ONE The Biodiversity Problem and Darwin’s Finches Now it is a well-known principle of zoological evolution that an isolated region, if large and sufficiently varied in topography, soil, climate and vegetation, will give rise to a diversified fauna according to the law of adaptive radiation from primitive and central types. Branches will spring off in all directions to take advantage of every possible opportunity of securing foods. (Osborn 1900, p. 563) I have stated that in the thirteen species of ground-finches, a nearly perfect gradation may be traced, from a beak extraordinarily thick, to one so fine, that it may be compared to that of a warbler. (Darwin 1839, p. 475) Biodiversity e live in a world so rich in species we do not know how many there are. Adding up every one we know, from influenza viruses Wto elephants, we reach a total of a million and a half (Wilson 1992, ch. 8). The real number is almost certainly at least five million, perhaps ten or even twenty, and although very large it is a small fraction of those that have ever existed; the vast majority has become extinct. -
A Comprehensive Multilocus Assessment of Sparrow (Aves: Passerellidae) Relationships ⇑ John Klicka A, , F
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 77 (2014) 177–182 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Short Communication A comprehensive multilocus assessment of sparrow (Aves: Passerellidae) relationships ⇑ John Klicka a, , F. Keith Barker b,c, Kevin J. Burns d, Scott M. Lanyon b, Irby J. Lovette e, Jaime A. Chaves f,g, Robert W. Bryson Jr. a a Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Box 353010, Seattle, WA 98195-3010, USA b Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 100 Ecology Building, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA c Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, 100 Ecology Building, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA d Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA e Fuller Evolutionary Biology Program, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14950, USA f Department of Biology, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA g Universidad San Francisco de Quito, USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, y Extensión Galápagos, Campus Cumbayá, Casilla Postal 17-1200-841, Quito, Ecuador article info abstract Article history: The New World sparrows (Emberizidae) are among the best known of songbird groups and have long- Received 6 November 2013 been recognized as one of the prominent components of the New World nine-primaried oscine assem- Revised 16 April 2014 blage. Despite receiving much attention from taxonomists over the years, and only recently using molec- Accepted 21 April 2014 ular methods, was a ‘‘core’’ sparrow clade established allowing the reconstruction of a phylogenetic Available online 30 April 2014 hypothesis that includes the full sampling of sparrow species diversity. -
Tinamiformes – Falconiformes
LIST OF THE 2,008 BIRD SPECIES (WITH SCIENTIFIC AND ENGLISH NAMES) KNOWN FROM THE A.O.U. CHECK-LIST AREA. Notes: "(A)" = accidental/casualin A.O.U. area; "(H)" -- recordedin A.O.U. area only from Hawaii; "(I)" = introducedinto A.O.U. area; "(N)" = has not bred in A.O.U. area but occursregularly as nonbreedingvisitor; "?" precedingname = extinct. TINAMIFORMES TINAMIDAE Tinamus major Great Tinamou. Nothocercusbonapartei Highland Tinamou. Crypturellus soui Little Tinamou. Crypturelluscinnamomeus Thicket Tinamou. Crypturellusboucardi Slaty-breastedTinamou. Crypturellus kerriae Choco Tinamou. GAVIIFORMES GAVIIDAE Gavia stellata Red-throated Loon. Gavia arctica Arctic Loon. Gavia pacifica Pacific Loon. Gavia immer Common Loon. Gavia adamsii Yellow-billed Loon. PODICIPEDIFORMES PODICIPEDIDAE Tachybaptusdominicus Least Grebe. Podilymbuspodiceps Pied-billed Grebe. ?Podilymbusgigas Atitlan Grebe. Podicepsauritus Horned Grebe. Podicepsgrisegena Red-neckedGrebe. Podicepsnigricollis Eared Grebe. Aechmophorusoccidentalis Western Grebe. Aechmophorusclarkii Clark's Grebe. PROCELLARIIFORMES DIOMEDEIDAE Thalassarchechlororhynchos Yellow-nosed Albatross. (A) Thalassarchecauta Shy Albatross.(A) Thalassarchemelanophris Black-browed Albatross. (A) Phoebetriapalpebrata Light-mantled Albatross. (A) Diomedea exulans WanderingAlbatross. (A) Phoebastriaimmutabilis Laysan Albatross. Phoebastrianigripes Black-lootedAlbatross. Phoebastriaalbatrus Short-tailedAlbatross. (N) PROCELLARIIDAE Fulmarus glacialis Northern Fulmar. Pterodroma neglecta KermadecPetrel. (A) Pterodroma -
A Global Overview of Protected Areas on the World Heritage List of Particular Importance for Biodiversity
A GLOBAL OVERVIEW OF PROTECTED AREAS ON THE WORLD HERITAGE LIST OF PARTICULAR IMPORTANCE FOR BIODIVERSITY A contribution to the Global Theme Study of World Heritage Natural Sites Text and Tables compiled by Gemma Smith and Janina Jakubowska Maps compiled by Ian May UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre Cambridge, UK November 2000 Disclaimer: The contents of this report and associated maps do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP-WCMC or contributory organisations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP-WCMC or contributory organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION 1.0 OVERVIEW......................................................................................................................................................1 2.0 ISSUES TO CONSIDER....................................................................................................................................1 3.0 WHAT IS BIODIVERSITY?..............................................................................................................................2 4.0 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY......................................................................................................................3 5.0 CURRENT WORLD HERITAGE SITES............................................................................................................4 -
Dieter Thomas Tietze Editor How They Arise, Modify and Vanish
Fascinating Life Sciences Dieter Thomas Tietze Editor Bird Species How They Arise, Modify and Vanish Fascinating Life Sciences This interdisciplinary series brings together the most essential and captivating topics in the life sciences. They range from the plant sciences to zoology, from the microbiome to macrobiome, and from basic biology to biotechnology. The series not only highlights fascinating research; it also discusses major challenges associated with the life sciences and related disciplines and outlines future research directions. Individual volumes provide in-depth information, are richly illustrated with photographs, illustrations, and maps, and feature suggestions for further reading or glossaries where appropriate. Interested researchers in all areas of the life sciences, as well as biology enthusiasts, will find the series’ interdisciplinary focus and highly readable volumes especially appealing. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15408 Dieter Thomas Tietze Editor Bird Species How They Arise, Modify and Vanish Editor Dieter Thomas Tietze Natural History Museum Basel Basel, Switzerland ISSN 2509-6745 ISSN 2509-6753 (electronic) Fascinating Life Sciences ISBN 978-3-319-91688-0 ISBN 978-3-319-91689-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91689-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018948152 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018. This book is an open access publication. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. -
Pre-Concept for a Regional Project ______
ADAPTATION FUND BOARD SECRETARIAT TECHNICAL REVIEW OF PROJECT/PROGRAMME PROPOSAL PROJECT/PROGRAMME CATEGORY: Pre-Concept for a Regional Project _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Countries/Region: Costa Rica and Dominican Republic/ LAC Project Title: Improving the adaptive capacity of coastal communities in Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic through ecosystem-based adaptation strategies Thematic Focal Area: Ecosystem Based Adaptation (EbA) Implementing Entity: Development Bank of Latin America (CAF) Executing Entities: Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación (Costa Rica) and Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (Dominican Republic) AF Project ID: LAC/RIE/EBA/2020/PPC/1 IE Project ID: <IE to fill out> Requested Financing From Adaptation Fund (US Dollars): 13,919,202 Reviewer and contact person: Alyssa Gomes, Martina Dorigo (AFSEC) Co-reviewer(s): Jason Spensley (GEFSEC) IE Contact Person: <IE to fill out> Technical The project “Improving the adaptive capacity of coastal communities in Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic Summary through ecosystem-based adaptation strategies” aims to improve local adaptive capacity to reduce the vulnerability to climate change of Cocos and Catalina islands and the production sectors that depend on their ecosystem services. This will be done through the four components below: Project/Programme Background and Context: Component 1: Reduction oF main anthropogenic pressures (USD 6,590,000). Component 2: Conservation oF coral reefs (USD 525,000). Component 3: Insurance tools for emergency action (USD 3,550,000). Component 4: Knowledge management (USD 710,000). Requested Financing overview: Project/Programme Execution Cost: USD 1,513,150 Total Project/Programme Cost: USD 12,888,150 Implementing Fee: USD 1,031,052 Financing Requested: USD 13,919,202 The proposal does not include a request For a project Formulation grant. -
Revision of the Endemic West Indian Genus Melopyrrha from Cuba and the Cayman Islands
Orlando H. Garrido et al. 134 Bull. B.O.C. 2014 134(2) Revision of the endemic West Indian genus Melopyrrha from Cuba and the Cayman Islands by Orlando H. Garrido, James W. Wiley, Arturo Kirkconnell, Patricia E. Bradley, Alexandra Günther-Calhoun & Daysi Rodríguez Received 18 September 2013 Summary.—Hartert described the Grand Cayman population of Melopyrrha as separate from the Cuban population, but the two forms were considered conspecifc by Bond and later authors. Based on diferences in body size, plumage and vocalisations, we recommend the two populations be treated as separate endemic species: Cuban Bullfnch Melopyrrha nigra on Cuba, Isla de Pinos and cays of the Cuban archipelago, and Cayman Bullfnch M. taylori for Grand Cayman. We present natural history information for both populations. Cuban Bullfnch Melopyrrha nigra occurs in the Cuban archipelago and on Grand Cayman in the Cayman Islands (Garrido & García Montaña 1975, AOU 1998, 2012, Rafaele et al. 1998, Bradley & Rey-Millet 2013). Bonaparte described the genus Melopyrrha in 1853 based on Loxia nigra named by Linnaeus. Cuban Bullfnch, called Negrito in Cuba and Black Sparrow in the Cayman Islands, was described by Linnaeus in 1758 under the name Loxia nigra, based on material from Cuba. In his earliest works, Gundlach (1856, 1876) was unaware that the bullfnch’s range extended to the Cayman Islands, but mentioned Grand Cayman in a later (1893: 110) publication, as did Cory (1892: 112). The Cayman population was considered the same as the Cuban taxon until Hartert (1896) described the Grand Cayman population as Melopyrrha taylori. For several years, both taxa were treated Figure 1. -
FIELD GUIDES BIRDING TOURS: Galapagos: an Intimate Look At
Field Guides Tour Report Galapagos: An Intimate Look at Darwin's Islands II 2014 Jul 5, 2014 to Jul 15, 2014 Megan Edwards Crewe with Peter Freire For our tour description, itinerary, past triplists, dates, fees, and more, please VISIT OUR TOUR PAGE. For those interested in natural history, the Galapagos Islands are a wonderland. Every island is a revelation. The animals -- though wild and unfettered -- are so trusting as to seem tame. Our week's cruise brought us within arm's length of Galapagos Tortoises the size of coffee tables and whip-fast lava lizards. Albatrosses snoozed in the middle of paths. Mockingbirds investigated bare toes. Boobies stomped their way through our group. "Darwin's Finches" circled as if planning to land atop heads or arms or camera lenses. And everywhere, we could settle in for extended studies of plants or birds or insects or herps or fish, secure in the knowledge that they just wouldn't care that we were there. As you might expect in such a naturalist's paradise, there were many, many highlights. Waved Albatrosses called and bowed and clattered their beaks together, or brooded small chicks (which look surprisingly poodle- The Swallow-tailed Gull is surely one of the world's most handsome seabirds. (Photo by guide Megan like, thanks to their curly feathers). Blue-footed Edwards Crewe) Boobies whistled and grunted and solemnly displayed their extraordinary feet to each other. Well-camouflaged Short-eared Owls lurked among a whirling mass of Wedge-rumped Storm-Petrels, waiting for an opportunity -- and a one-eyed hunter gobbled its hapless prey nearly at our feet. -
Neotropical News Neotropical News
COTINGA 1 Neotropical News Neotropical News Brazilian Merganser in Argentina: If the survey’s results reflect the true going, going … status of Mergus octosetaceus in Argentina then there is grave cause for concern — local An expedition (Pato Serrucho ’93) aimed extinction, as in neighbouring Paraguay, at discovering the current status of the seems inevitable. Brazilian Merganser Mergus octosetaceus in Misiones Province, northern Argentina, During the expedition a number of sub has just returned to the U.K. Mergus tropical forest sites were surveyed for birds octosetaceus is one of the world’s rarest — other threatened species recorded during species of wildfowl, with a population now this period included: Black-fronted Piping- estimated to be less than 250 individuals guan Pipile jacutinga, Vinaceous Amazon occurring in just three populations, one in Amazona vinacea, Helmeted Woodpecker northern Argentina, the other two in south- Dryocopus galeatus, White-bearded central Brazil. Antshrike Biata s nigropectus, and São Paulo Tyrannulet Phylloscartes paulistus. Three conservation biologists from the U.K. and three South American counter PHIL BENSTEAD parts surveyed c.450 km of white-water riv Beaver House, Norwich Road, Reepham, ers and streams using an inflatable boat. Norwich, NR10 4JN, U.K. Despite exhaustive searching only one bird was located in an area peripheral to the species’s historical stronghold. Former core Black-breasted Puffleg found: extant areas (and incidently those with the most but seriously threatened. protection) for this species appear to have been adversely affected by the the Urugua- The Black-breasted Puffleg Eriocnemis í dam, which in 1989 flooded c.80 km of the nigrivestis has been recorded from just two Río Urugua-í. -
The Galapagos Islands DAY by DAY ITINERARY D+A 8 Days – 7 Nights
The Galapagos Islands DAY BY DAY ITINERARY D+A 8 days – 7 nights D Our Galapagos itineraries offer unforgettable experiences, with our SOUTH weekly departures allowing you to experience 3, 4, 7, and up to 14 + nights tours including: full board, two daily guided excursions with optional activities such as snorkeling, kayaking, dinghy rides and our A NORTH - CENTRAL new feature daily diving tours for license-holding divers. 8 Days / 7 Nights Wednesday: San Cristobal Airport pm. Interpretation Center & Tijeretas (San Cristobal Island). Thursday: am. Cerro Brujo (San Cristobal Island) GENOVESA pm. Pitt Point (San Cristobal Island ) Darwin Bay Friday: El Barranco, am. Suarez Point (Española Island) Prince pm. Gardner Bay, Osborn or Gardner Islets Philip’s Steps (Española Island) Saturday: am. Cormorant Point, Devil’s Crown or Champion Islet (Floreana Island) pm.Post Office (Floreana Island) Sunday: am. Pit Craters (Santa Cruz) pm. Charles Darwin Research Station & Fausto Llerena Breeding Center (Santa Cruz Island) Monday: Buccaneer Cove am. Dragon Hill (Santa Cruz Island) pm. Bartolome Island Tuesday: am. Rabida Island pm. Buccaneer Cove & Espumilla Beach (Santiago Island) Wednesday: am. Back Turtle Cove (Santa Cruz Island) Baltra Airport Pit Craters Charles Darwin Research Station Kicker Rock Champion Islet Gardner Islets DAY 1 - WEDNESDAY am - San Cristobal Airport Departure from Quito or Guayaquil to San Cristobal (2 1/2 hours flight). Arriving in Galapagos, passengers are picked up at the airport by our naturalist guides and taken to the pier to board the M/Y Coral I or M/Y Coral II. pm – Interpretation Center & Tijeretas Hill (San Cristobal Island) Dry landing in Puerto Baquerizo Moreno, the capital of the Galapagos Islands.