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A Comparative Investigation of the Self Image and Identity of Sri Lankans
A Comparative Investigation of the Self Image and Identity of Sri Lankans Malathie P. Dissanayake Department of Psychology, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19383; [email protected] Jasmin Tahmaseb McConatha Department of Psychology, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19383; [email protected] The current study explores self image and identity of Sri Lankans in different social and cultural settings. It focuses on the role of major social identities in two ethnic groups: Sinhalese (the majority) and Tamils (the minority). Participants consisted of four groups: Sri Lankan Sinhalese, Sri Lankan Tamils, Sinhalese in USA, and Tamils in Canada. Seven self statement tests, ratings of the importance of major social identities, and eight common identity items under seven social identities were used to examine self identification. Findings suggest that religious identity plays a significant role in Sinhalese, whereas ethnic identity is the most significant in Tamils. All these identity measures suggest that the role of each social identity is different when it associates with different social settings, depending on how individuals value their social identities in particular social contexts. Keywords : Self Image, Ethnic Identity, Sri Lanka 1. INTRODUCTION Self image and identity are central to the ways in which people understand the world. Self image influences thoughts, feelings, behaviors, relationships, goals, and plans across the life- span. Every person has a sense of self, a sense of “who they are”, which is comprised of physical, psychological, and social aspects of his or her life. The self has been described as the internal organization of external roles (Hormuth 1990). Matsumoto and Juang (2004) believe that the self concept is the organization of a person’s psychological traits, attributes, characteristics, and behaviors. -
Sri Lanka's North Ii: Rebuilding Under the Military
SRI LANKA’S NORTH II: REBUILDING UNDER THE MILITARY Asia Report N°220 – 16 March 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... i I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 II. LIMITED PROGRESS, DANGEROUS TRENDS ........................................................ 2 A. RECONSTRUCTION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ..................................................................... 3 B. RESETTLEMENT: DIFFICULT LIVES FOR RETURNEES .................................................................... 4 1. Funding shortage .......................................................................................................................... 6 2. Housing shortage ......................................................................................................................... 7 3. Lack of jobs, livelihoods and economic opportunities ................................................................. 8 4. Poverty and food insecurity ....................................................................................................... 10 5. Lack of psychological support and trauma counselling ............................................................. 11 6. The PTF and limitations on the work of humanitarian agencies .............................................. 12 III. LAND, RESOURCES AND THE MILITARISATION OF NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................................... -
Newsletter Supporting Communities in Need
NEWSLETTER ICRC JULY-SEPTEMBER 2014 SUPPORTING COMMUNITIES IN NEED Economic security and water and sanitation for the vulnerable Dear Reader, they could reduce the immense economic This year, the ICRC started a Community Conflicts destroy livelihoods and hardships and poverty under which they Based Livelihood Support Programme infrastructure which provide water and and their families are living at present” (para (CBLSP) to support vulnerable communities sanitation to communities. Throughout 5.112). in the Mullaitivu and Kilinochchi districts the world, the ICRC strives to enable access to establish or consolidate an income to clean water and sanitation and ensure The ICRC’s response during the recovery generating activity. economic security for people affected by phase to those made vulnerable by the conflict so they can either restore or start a conflict was the piloting of a Micro Economic The ICRC’s economic security programmes livelihood. Initiatives (MEI) programme for women- are closely linked to its water and sanitation headed households, people with disabilities initiatives. In Sri Lanka today, the ICRC supports and extremely vulnerable households in vulnerable households and communities In Sri Lanka, the ICRC restores wells the Vavuniya district in 2011. The MEI is in the former conflict areas to become contaminated as a result of monsoonal a programme in which each beneficiary economically independent through flooding, and renovates and builds pipe identifies and designs the livelihood sustainable income generation activities and networks, overhead water tanks, and for which he or she needs assistance to provides them clean water and sanitation by toilets in rural communities for returnee implement, thereby employing a bottom- cleaning wells and repairing or constructing populations to have access to clean water up needs-based approach. -
Statistical Information 2009
Northern Provincial Council Statistical Information 2009 Figur e 11.7 Disabled Per sons in NP - 2002 - 2007 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 Year 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Provincial Planning Secretariat, Northern Province Varothayanagar, Trincomalee. TABLE OF CONTENTS 01 GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES PAGE 1.1 LAND AREA OF NORTHERN PROVINCE BY DISTRICT ................................................................................ 01 1.2 DIVISIONAL SECRETARY'S DIVISIONS, MULLAITIVU DISTRICT ............................................................. 03 1.3 DIVISIONAL SECRETARY'S DIVISIONS, KILINOCHCHI DISTRICT ............................................................ 03 1.4.1 GN DIVISION IN DIVISIONAL SECRETARIAT DIVISION – MULLAITIVU DISTRICT.............................. 05 1.4.2 GN DIVISION IN DIVISIONAL SECRETARIAT DIVISION – MULLAITIVU DISTRICT.............................. 06 1.5.1 GN DIVISION IN DIVISIONAL SECRETARIAT DIVISION – KILINOCHCHI DISTRICT............................. 07 1.5.2 GN DIVISION IN DIVISIONAL SECRETARIAT DIVISION – KILINOCHCHI DISTRICT............................. 08 1.6 DIVISIONAL SECRETARY'S DIVISIONS, VAVUNIYA DISTRICT................................................................. 09 1.7 DIVISIONAL SECRETARY'S DIVISIONS, MANNAR DISTRICT..................................................................... 09 1.8.1 GN DIVISION IN DIVISIONAL SECRETARIAT DIVISION – VAVUNIYA DISTRICT ................................. 11 1.8.2 GN DIVISION IN DIVISIONAL SECRETARIAT DIVISION – VAVUNIYA DISTRICT ................................ -
Environmental Assessment Report Sri Lanka
Environmental Assessment Report Initial Environmental Examination – Provincial Roads Component: Mannar–Vavuniya District Project Number: 42254 May 2010 Sri Lanka: Northern Road Connectivity Project Prepared by [Author(s)] [Firm] [City, Country] Prepared by the Ministry of Local Govern ment and Provincial Councils for th e Asian Development Bank (ADB). Prepared for [Executing Agency] [Implementi ng Agency] The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of AD B’s Board of Di rectors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s in nature. members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ADB - Asian Development Bank BIQ - Basic Information Questionnaire CCD - Coast Conservation Department CEA - Central Environmental Authority CEB - Ceylon Electricity Board CSC - Consultant Supervision Consultant DBST - Double Bituminous Surface Treatment DCS - Department of Census and Statistics DoF - Department of Forestry DoI - Department of Irrigation DoS - Department of Survey DSD - Divisional Secretariat Division DWLC - Department of Wild Life Conservation EA - Executive Agency EMP - Environmental Management Plan EMo - Environmental Monitoring Plan EPL - Environment Protection Liaison ESCM - Environmental Safeguards Compliance Manual GND - Grama Niladhari Division GoSL - Government of Sri Lanka GSMB - Geological -