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Solid and Liquid Silicone Rubber

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Solid and Liquid Silicone Rubber CREATING TOMORROW’S SOLUTIONS Wacker Chemie AG 09.19 Hanns-Seidel-Platz 4 / 81737 Munich, Germany SOLID AND LIQUID SILICONE RUBBER Phone +49 89 6279-1741 www.wacker.com/contact MATERIAL AND PROCESSING www.wacker.com Follow us on: 05.21 replaces 6709e replaces 05.21 / GUIDELINES 6709e The data presented in this medium are in accordance with the present state of our knowledge but do not absolve the user from carefully checking all supplies immediately on receipt. We reserve the right to alter product constants within the scope of technical progress or new developments. The recommendations made in this medium should be checked by preliminary trials because of conditions during processing over which we have no control, especially where other companies’ raw materials are also being used. The information provided by us does not absolve the user from the obligation of investigating the possibility of infringement of third parties’ rights and, if necessary, clarifying the position. Recommendations for use do not constitute a warranty, either express or implied, of the fitness or suitability of the product for a particular purpose. WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF SILICONE RUBBER Contents Section 1: Silicone Rubber – Basic Principles 6 General characteristics of silicones and why WACKER silicones are so successful. Chemical fundamentals, the most important silicone rubber grades, their components and curing mechanisms Section 2: Silicone Rubber – Material and Processing Advantages 14 Why and when silicone rubber is the material of choice. Material and processing advantages Section 3: WACKER Silicone Rubber Grades 20 Which applications and properties are typical? Overview of the most important applications and properties Section 4: Material Preparation 26 Temperature, viscosity, additives and what to consider in advance. Storing and compounding silicone rubber Section 5: Processing of Material 38 How to process silicone rubber and where to be careful. Extrusion, compression molding, injection molding and coating of textiles Section 6: Secondary Finishing 62 How to finish cured silicone rubber. Post-curing, bonding technology, coating and printing Section 7: Service 74 How we support you along the entire process chain. Advice on product choice, technical support, customized ready-to-use compounds, WACKER ACADEMY, e-business Section 8: Rubber Solutions A-Z 82 Facts and figures about silicone. ELASTOSIL®, LUMISIL®, SILMIX® and SILPURAN® are registered trademarks of Wacker Chemie AG. 3 4 WACKER is one of the world's three Close on 100 Years of Experience – WACKER Production Sites biggest silicone manufacturers. Close on 100 Years of Innovation for Silicone Rubber For over 50 years, we have been WACKER is one of the most research- Burghausen (Germany): developing, refining and producing intensive companies in the industry. Production and technical center silicones for a huge variety of We maintain our own basic-research Nünchritz (Germany): Production applications. institute as well as industry-oriented Pilsen (Czech Republic): Productio innovation teams in close contact with Adrian, USA: Production and Global Production – universities. This enables us to offer technical center Local Customer Support you ever more refined solutions. Chino (USA): Production The silicones that WACKER makes North Canton (USA): Production at its various production sites world- Silicone Rubber – Zhangjiagang (China): wide meet identical quality standards. 1,000 and More Grades Production and technical center What's more, we have set up technical Silicones can be tailored to practically Akeno-Tsukuba (Japan): centers across the globe to offer all any application. Accordingly, we have Production and technical center manner of support for product selec- a very wide and deep product range. Jandira (Brazil): Technical center tion, manufacturing, and end-product Your choice of product depends on Mumbai, India: Technical center specification. processing parameters and the prop- Amtala, India: Production erties required for the cured rubber product. Our experts will gladly assist you in choosing the right silicone grade. 5 SECTION 1: SILICONE RUBBER – BASIC PRINCIPLES 6 Basic PrinciplesBasic Contents General characteristics of silicones and why WACKER silicones are so successful 1.1 Chemical Structure 8 Why silicone rubber is inherently different from other elastomers 1.2 Major Classes of Silicone Rubber 9 How solid and liquid silicone rubber grades differ, and what characterizes them 1.3 Components of Silicone Rubber 10 Fillers, additives and catalysts, and their role in formulation 1.4 Curing 12 Peroxide curing and platinum-catalyzed addition curing: Two different processes and their specific advantages 7 1.1 CHEMICAL STRUCTURE Chemical Structure O O Si O Si O Si O Si CH2 CH CH3 3 Si CH3 C CH3 CH3 CH CH3 3 Vinylmethylsiloxane unit Dimethylsiloxane unit From Sand to Silicone Uncured silicone rubber contains MQ polymers of different chain lengths. MQ, or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), Silicones are made from quartz sand, a It always comprises a principal silicon- denotes a polymer in which two raw material available in practically unlim- oxygen chain (the siloxane backbone) methyl groups are bound to the silox- ited quantities. WACKER manufactures and an organic moiety bound to the ane backbone. silicone monomers in a closed-loop silicon. A silicon atom has four valence integrated production system based on electrons, which is why silicone rubber VMQ the Müller-Rochow process, creating is often abbreviated with a Q for VMQ stands for a polydimethylsiloxane the precursors for around 3,000 silicone “quaternary group”. The properties of in which a small number of methyl products. silicone rubber vary greatly depending groups have been replaced by vinyl on the organic groups and the chemi- groups. cal structure. Sustainable Production PVMQ The highly integrated energy and raw- The organic groups may be methyl, vi- PVMQ stands for an VMQ in which a material production system is exclusive nyl, phenyl or other groups. Depending small number of methyl groups have to WACKER. The by-products of the on which organic groups are present, been replaced by phenyl groups. chemical processes are either used im- silicone polymers in common use are mediately or returned elsewhere to the classified as follows: FVMQ production loop, so that virtually no waste FVMQ stands for an VMQ in which is generated. Waste heat is also recov- a small number of methyl groups ered and utilized, increasing the system's have been replaced by trifluoropropyl overall energy efficiency. substituents. 8 Basic PrinciplesBasic 1.2 MAJOR CLASSES Solid silicone rubber bar Drum pair of liquid silicone rubber (standard supply form) (A and B component) Aside from polymer structure, the Solid Silicone Rubber Liquid Silicone Rubber viscosity frequently serves as a Solid silicone rubber contains polymers Liquid silicone rubber contains polymers classification feature. A distinction with a high molecular weight and rela- of lower molecular weight and hence is accordingly made between liquid tively long polymer chains. It is referred shorter chains. It also has better flow and solid silicone rubber. to as HCR (= high consistency rubber). properties. Liquid silicone rubber is WACKER offers two product ranges always addition-curing (platinum-cat- based on solid silicone rubber: alyzed), and is marketed by WACKER a range of peroxide-curing grades as ELASTOSIL® LR (where LR stands marketed as ELASTOSIL® R (R = for liquid rubber).LSR grades are sup- Rubber) and a range of addition-curing plied as 2-component systems. The A (platinum-catalyzed) grades marketed component contains the platinum cat- as ELASTOSIL® R plus. alyst, while the B component contains The standard delivery form is as bars the crosslinker. measuring 90 x 100 mm (cross-section), • 20-kg pails with a PE inliner which are wrapped in PE film and (ø inside 280 mm) shipped in cartons. For special require- • 200-kg drums with a PE inliner ments, we also offer our ready-to-use (ø inside 571.5 mm) blends in the form of strips, round- cords, pellets and profile strips. 9 1.3 COMPONENTS Uncured, Filled Polymer Compared with Cured Rubber Curing Uncured polymer with filler Polymer with chemical crosslinks (red) forms a filled, elastic network Aside from the “pure polymer”, Crosslinkers • Reinforcing fillers: uncured silicone rubber generally A crosslinker is required to convert the Pyrogenic silica with very high BET contains only three additional raw rubber into a mechanically stable surface areas (more than 100 m2/g) substances: crosslinker, fillers and cured product. Use is made of perox- is the most frequently used reinforc- additives. ides or platinum catalyst systems (see ing filler. WACKER HDK® has proven section 1.4, pages 12-13, and 4.3, to be especially effective here, although pages 36-37). precipitated silica and carbon black can also be used. Fillers • Non-reinforcing fillers: Fillers are needed to reinforce the These have a fill-up function and are elastic silicone network. The nature, used to adjust certain properties. composition and quantity of the fillers Quartz, for example, increases the have a crucial influence on the proper- cured rubber’s resistance to various ties of the raw and cured rubber. media. 10 Basic PrinciplesBasic ELASTOSIL® pigment pastes blend especially easily and fast into rubber compounds on the roll mill Additives Stabilizers Colorants Compared with other elastomers, Stabilizers are available for special Silicone rubber is generally transparent
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