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U Ottawa» % '*ARYI*«^ > L'INCORPORATION CIVILE DES INSTITUTS RELIGIEUX AU CANADA par Jean Moncion, o.m.i. Thèse présentée à la Faculté de Droit canonique de l'Université Saint-Paul, Ottawa, en vue de l'obtention du grade de docteur en Droit canonique V IBUOTHÊQUES \ "1 G UBRARKS v /u Ottawa» % '*ARYI*«^ > Ottawa, Canada, 1978 Ottawa, Canada, 1978. UMI Number: DC53979 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dépendent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complète manuscript and there are missing pages, thèse will be noted. AIso, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI® UMI Microform DC53979 Copyright 2011 by ProQuest LLC AH rights reserved. This microform édition is protected against unauthorized copying underTitle 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 AnnArbor, Ml 48106-1346 TABLE DES MATIERES page INTRODUCTION v SIGLES x PREMIERE PARTIE CONDITION JURIDICO-CIVILE DE L'INSTITUT RELIGIEUX CHAPITRE PREMIER - L'institut religieux sous le régime français (1618-1763) 1 I - Les Instituts d'hommes 3 A - Les Pères Récollets 3 B - La Compagnie de Jésus 4 C - Les Prêtres de Saint-Sulpice 6 D - Les Frères Hospitaliers de Saint-Joseph-de-la-Croix 7 II - Les Instituts de femmes 9 A - Les Chanoinesses Régulières Hospitalières de la Miséricorde de Jésus de l'Ordre de Saint-Augustin 9 B - Les Religieuses Hospitalières de Saint-Joseph 16 C - Les Soeurs de la Congrégation de Notre-Dame 18 D - Les Ursulines 21 E - Les Soeurs Grises de Montréal 27 CHAPITRE DEUXIEME - L'institut religieux sous le régime anglais . 37 I - Dans les colonies autres que les Haut et Bas-Canada, avant leur entrée dans la Confédération canadienne 40 II - La situation juridique des instituts religieux dans les Haut et Bas-Canada de 1763 à la Confédération canadienne, en 1867 42 A - De 1763 à 1840 42 B - De 1840 à 1867: de l'Acte d'Union à la Confédération 62 CHAPITRE TROISIEME - L'institut religieux sous le régime confédëratif 81 I - Les lois générales ou lois-cadres 84 A - Lois générales offertes aux associations sans but lucratif 86 B - Lois-cadres québécoises utilisées par les instituts religieux 95 TABLE DES MATIERES iii page II - Les lois particulières 100 A - Reconnaissance par l'Etat du caractère religieux et ecclésial de l'institut religieux 101 B - Objets des corporations octroyées aux instituts religieux 105 C - La régie interne de ces corporations 107 D - Les membres de l'institut et les membres de la corporation créée par loi spéciale 112 E - Les pouvoirs de ces corporations 117 F - La disposition des biens advenant la dissolution de la corporation 119 DEUXIEME PARTIE LA CORPORATION CANADIENNE CHAPITRE QUATRIEME - Nature de la corporation canadienne 123 I - Explication de certains termes 123 A - Corporation et compagnie 123 B - Société et "society" 125 C - Congrégation 127 II - Existence des corporations 128 III - Définition de la corporation 130 IV - Les créateurs des corporations canadiennes 136 A - La Couronne et les législatures 136 B - Les créateurs délégués 138 C - La prescription 140 V - Division des corporations 142 A - D'après les caractères distinctifs traditionnels 143 B - D'après le mode de formation 148 CHAPITRE CINQUIEME - Droits, privilèges et incapacités des corporations 152 I - Les droits des corporations 152 A - Avoir un nom 153 B - Avoir un domicile 154 C - Avoir un sceau 155 D - Avoir des représentants et des administrateurs 156 E - Droit de faire des règlements pour leur régie interne 158 F - Droit à un patrimoine 158 G - Ester en justice 161 H - Passer des contrats, s'obliger et obliger les autres 161 II - Les privilèges des corporations 161 TABLE DES MATIERES iv page III - Les incapacités des corporations 165 A - Les incapacités naturelles 165 B - Les incapacités quasi-naturelles 166 C - Les incapacités légales 167 CHAPITRE SIXIEME - Extinction et liquidation de la corporation . 168 I - Extinction de la corporation 170 A - Un acte de la législature 170 B - L'expiration du terme ou l'accomplissement de l'objet pour lequel la corporation a été formée ou encore l'avènement de la condition apposée à sa création 170 C - La forfaiture légalement encourue 171 D - Le non-usage des pouvoirs corporatifs 171 E - L'omission de rapports requis par le gouvernement 172 F - La mort naturelle des membres, leur diminution ou toute autre interruption de l'existence corporative 172 G - Le consentement mutuel des membres 173 H - La liquidation volontaire des affaires de la corporation 174 I - La fusion de deux ou plusieurs corporations en une seule 174 J - Le passage de la corporation d'un régime corporatif à un autre régime corporatif 175 K - En vertu d'un pouvoir donné à un officier 176 L - La liquidation forcée 176 II - Liquidation des affaires de la corporation 177 A - Liquidation des affaires d'une corporation à but lucratif ou à fonds social 178 B - Liquidation des affaires d'une corporation sans but lucratif ou sans fonds social 178 CONCLUSION 183 BIBLIOGRAPHIE 187 APPENDICES I - A - Les instituts religieux et leurs incorporations de 1618 a 1975 194 B - Tables alphabétiques des noms usuels des instituts religieux 364 II - Tableaux chronologiques des incorporations des instituts religieux et de leurs provinces 391 INTRODUCTION L'Eglise catholique romaine se reconnaît le droit inné d'acquérir, de posséder et d'administrer les biens temporels nécessaires à la poursuite de ses fins . Ce droit, elle l'a réaffirmé lors du Second Concile du Vatican dans le décret "Presbyterorum ordinis" où il est recommandé aux prêtres d'administrer les biens ecclésiastiques selon les lois ecclésias­ tiques et de ne les employer que pour les fins qui justifient l'existence 2 de biens temporels d'Eglise . La loi canonique établit que les personnes morales ecclésiastiques jouissent, sous l'autorité du Saint-Siège, du droit de posséder des biens 3 temporels . Elle enjoint aux administrateurs de ces biens d'en prendre soin comme un bon père de famille le fait pour le patrimoine de sa famille: les conserver à l'Eglise et s'en servir à l'avantage de la personne morale 4 qui les possède . Elle statue que leur administration doit être faite au nom de la personne morale et non pas au nom de l'administrateur . Dans le 1 Codex Juris canonici, can. 1495. 2 "Bona ecclesiastica proprie dicta, secundum rei naturam, ad normam legum ecclesiasticarum, sacerdotes,..., moderentur, atque eadem destinent semper eos in fines ad quos prosequendos Ecclesiae licet bona temporalia possidere, videlicet ad cultum divinum ordinandum, ad honestam cleri sustentationem procurandam, necnon ad opéra sacri apostolatus vel caritatis, praesertim erga egenos exercenda." Concile oecuménique Vatican II, Décret "Presbyterorum Ordinis", n. 17. 3 C.J.C., can. 1499, 2. 4 C.J.C., can. 1523. 5 C.J.C., can. 1521, par. 2 et Schéma "De iure patrimoniali Ecclesiae", can. 26. INTRODUCTION vi Motu Proprio "Postquam Apostolicis Litteris" adressé aux Eglises de rite oriental, Pie XII explicite cette dernière règle faite aux administrateurs. Les paragraphes 1 et 2 du canon 256 ordonnent aux supérieurs ecclésiasti­ ques d'inscrire les biens de l'Eglise au nom de la personne morale qui les a acquis ou si cela n'est pas permis par les lois civiles, que les supé­ rieurs, après avoir consulté des experts en droit civil, prennent les moyens légaux a leur disposition pour préserver les droits de l'Eglise 7 sur ces bienv s . Au Canada, il est impossible d'inscrire les droits aux biens tempo­ rels de l'Eglise au nom de la personne morale qui les a acquis. Le Droit canon ne peut faire partie de la législation canadienne parce que le statut d'Elizabeth I établissant en Angleterre la suprématie du Roi sur Q la religion s'applique au Canada depuis 1764 en vertu de l'article 4 du g Traité de Paris . L'article V de l'Acte de Québec en 1775 confirme 6 Ce Motu Proprio promulgue les sections suivantes du droit ecclé- sial pour les Eglises orientales: "De religiosis, de bonis Ecclesiae temporalibus et de verborum significatione." (Acta Apostolicae Sedis, 44(1952), p. 65-152). 7 Par. 1. "Superiores ecclesiastici tam saeculares quam religiosi, gravi tenentur obligatione curandi ut bona temporalia Ecclesiae acquisita, nomine personae moralis ad quam pertinent inscribantur, servatis omnibus legis civilis praescriptis quae ius Ecclesiae in tuto ponant." Par. 2. "Quod si lege civili non concedatur, ut bona nomine personae moralis inscribatur, iidem Superiores curent ut, auditis viris in iure civili peritis et consilio administrationis, Ecclesiae ius, adhibitis modis civili iure validis, illaesum maneat." M.P. Postquam Apostolicis Litteris, can. 256. 8 Act of Supremacy, 1558, 1 Eliz. I, c. 1 (Royaume-Uni). 9 Adam Shortt et Arthur G. Doughty, Documents relatifs à l'histoire constitutionnelle du Canada, 1759-1791, Ottawa, Imprimeur du Roi, 1921, 2e éd., p. 86. INTRODUCTION vii expressément cet état de chose . Bien qu'en vertu de l'article 2 du Statut de Westminster, passé en 1931, le Parlement fédéral jouit de "la faculté d'abroger ou de modifier toute loi ou tout arrêté, statut ou règlement comme susdit faisant partie de la législation du Dominion" du Canada , le Statut de Suprémacie n'a pas été abrogé ni modifié. Voilà pourquoi les personnes morales des instituts religieux, créées en vertu 12 du droit canon ne sont pas reconnues au Canada . Les supérieurs reli­ gieux sont donc dans l'obligation de recourir aux moyens légaux offerts par les lois canadiennes. De quelle manière légale la propriété des biens temporels des instituts religieux a-t-elle été assurée à l'Eglise? Ce moyen répond-il aux exigences du droit canon? Tel est l'objet de l'étude que nous pré­ sentons .
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