Universidade Federal Fluminense Instituto De Artes E Comunicação Social Departamento De Cinema E Vídeo

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Universidade Federal Fluminense Instituto De Artes E Comunicação Social Departamento De Cinema E Vídeo UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL FLUMINENSE INSTITUTO DE ARTES E COMUNICAÇÃO SOCIAL DEPARTAMENTO DE CINEMA E VÍDEO JOÃO MARCOS NASCIMENTO RESENDE CAMINHOS DA REPRESENTATIVIDADE EM STEVEN UNIVERSE Niterói 2018 JOÃO MARCOS NASCIMENTO RESENDE CAMINHOS DA REPRESENTATIVIDADE EM STEVEN UNIVERSE Monografia apresentada ao Curso de Graduação em Cinema e Audiovisual da Universidade Federal Fluminense como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Bacharel em Cinema e Audiovisual. Orientador: Prof. Daniel Moreira de Sousa Pinna. Niterói 2018 AGRADECIMENTOS À minha família. Por sempre me darem todo apoio do mundo. Por me mostrarem os caminhos, dando a liberdade para que siga aquele que me chamar. Por me ensinar os valores que de fato fazem uma família. Mãe, por me levar ao cinema desde antes que eu nascesse. Pela melhor companhia para assistir filmes e séries. Por todos os ensinamentos sobre a valor da vida independente de qual for. Pai, por todo o valor que dá ao que faço. Pelos exemplos de honestidade, doação e valor do trabalho. Ao meu irmão Pedro Arthur, por compartilhar de toda paixão pelo submundo nerd, pelo alinhamento no fascínio com tantas obras, muitas vezes me ultrapassando. Pelas incontáveis discussões levadas a sério sobre Steven Universe (e tantas outras séries) depois de cada episódio, depois de cada meme compartilhado, depois de cada teoria de fã lida ou elaborada. Pela tremenda memória que resgata detalhes dos mais obscuros, sempre ajudando no processo da pesquisa. Sobretudo, por seu ponto de vista empático e sábio, sempre ajudando a ver tudo pela melhor perspectiva. Ao professor e orientador Daniel Pinna, por todos os aprendizados em aulas que não cansei de assistir. Por toda a dedicação não só nesse, mas em todos os projetos acompanhados. Pelo incentivo no estudo e na prática da animação, que um dia eu pensava ser um sonho distante. Ao professor Felipe Muanis pelo incentivo na jornada acadêmica desde antes da ingressão no curso, assim como pela troca constante de referências em tantas mídias. Ao professor Jocimar Dias Jr. pela contribuição com a disciplina em que a pesquisa teve origem, pela introdução a uma bibliografia fundamental e que cada vez mais deve ser lida e ouvida. Aos amigos Ulisses Puertas, Pedro d'Avila, Rafaela Pacheco, Marcos Mondoni e Pedro Pouchucq, por toda a parceria em anos, de tantas formas. Com vocês descobri o que queria para a vida. Ao amigo Augusto Saúde por recomendar uma certa série sobre um menino e as heroínas que com ele vivem, me convencendo a dar uma chance para algo que tanto me impactaria. Por todos os anos de amizade e colaboração. A todos os amigos e professores que se mostram empolgados pela vida acadêmica. Obrigado por fazerem a empolgação que mora em mim não se sentir sozinha. Aos colegas de trabalho que deram todo apoio no processo de escrita. À Rebecca Sugar e toda a equipe que contribui com Steven Universe. Assim como por toda a comunidade de fãs que constrói laços a partir dos afetos gerados. Por todos as lágrimas, risos, apertos e abraços no coração, por todas as canções e emoções, obrigado por traduzir tão bem o amor de tantas formas. E à quem me ensinou a sentir tanto isso que me move. Que nos move. Obrigado Clara, por acompanhar esse processo, por ser um exemplo, por cada leitura, por cada choro que compartilhamos com o Steven e por me fazer me apaixonar por tantas coisas novas todos os dias. Você me faz sentir que eu poderia fazer qualquer coisa. “I could even learn how to love like you.” Você acredita no jeito que as coisas são. Então eventualmente encontra alguém para quem o jeito que as coisas são é ruim para eles. E você deve mudar seu pensamento. É muito difícil. Leva um tempo, e pessoas se machucam. Com sorte podemos nos esforçar e começa a reconsiderar as ideias. Ian Jones-Quartey e Rebecca Sugar, The Steven Universe Podcast, Vol. 2 Ep. 3, tradução livre. RESUMO Pensando a representação no meio audiovisual, seu histórico favorecimento de grupos sociais hegemônicos e as crescentes resistências de sujeitos do apagamento sociopolítico refletido nas mídias, a presente pesquisa busca analisar formas em que as produções cinematográficas e televisivas operam a favor ou contra a diversidade de identidades. Percebendo a animação como linguagem potente em criações de mundos diversos, abstraídos de uma realidade opressora, um panorama histórico traz a observação acerca de tal potência, ora confirmando-se em marcos representativos, ora permanecendo limitado frente a contextos produtivos também silenciadores. A série televisiva contemporânea Steven Universe surge como uma das referências da linguagem da animação, incorporando em sua narrativa representações plurais, aqui analisadas em suas construções e diálogos que estabelece com pautas que reivindicam espaço para existir de formas dignas e valorizadas. Palavras-chave: Representatividade; Animação; Steven Universe ABSTRACT Considering the representation in the audiovisual medium, its historical favoring of hegemonic social groups and the growing resistance from subjects of sociopolitical erasure reflected on the media, the following research analises ways in which cinema and television productions operate in favour or against the diversity of identities. Looking at Animation as a language with great power to create diverse worlds, abstracted from an oppressing reality; a historical panorama brings an observation into that power, sometimes put in motion in representative breakthroughs, but sometimes limited in the midst of silencers productive contexts. The current-day television series Steven Universe turns out as one of the references in the animation language, embedding to its narrative plural representations, analised here in their constructions and dialogues established with agendas that demand space for existing in dignified and appreciated ways. Keywords: Representation; Animation; Steven Universe. LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES Figura 1: Zootrópio, taumatroscópio, fenaquistoscópio e lanterna mágica. ............................. 32 Figura 2: Fotogramas de Humorous Phases of Funny Faces. .................................................. 34 Figura 3: Fotogramas de Fantasmagorie.................................................................................. 35 Figura 4: Fotogramas de Gertie the Dinosaur. ......................................................................... 36 Figura 5: Fotogramas de Out of The Inkwell: Invisable Ink e Alice's Wonderland .................. 37 Figura 6: Fotograma de Bobby Bumps Starts for School. ........................................................ 39 Figura 7: Fotogramas de Felix The Cat: Uncle Tom's Crabbin. .............................................. 40 Figura 8: Fotogramas de Mutt and Jeff: Invisible Revenge. ..................................................... 41 Figura 9: Fotogramas de Betty Boop's Rise to Fame. ............................................................... 45 Figura 10: Fotogramas de Out of the Inkwell. .......................................................................... 46 Figura 11: Fotogramas de Flowers and Trees. ......................................................................... 47 Figura 12: Fotogramas de Plane Crazy. ................................................................................... 48 Figura 13: Fotogramas de As Aventuras do Príncipe Achmed. ............................................... 50 Figura 14: Fotogramas de Peace on Earth. .............................................................................. 52 Figura 15: Personagens de The Flinstones. .............................................................................. 57 Figura 16: Protagonistas de The Simpson. ................................................................................ 58 Figura 17: Personagens secundários em The Simpsons. ........................................................... 59 Figura 18: Imagem de divulgação de The Problem with Apu. ................................................. 60 Figura 19: Fotograma do episódio No Good Read Goes Unpunished. .................................... 62 Figura 20: Montagem postada na rede Instagram .................................................................... 63 Figura 21: Fotografia de Rebecca Sugar. ................................................................................. 67 Figura 22: Imagem de divulgação de Steven Universe. ........................................................... 69 Figura 23: Fluxograma de fusões em Steven Universe............................................................. 72 Figura 24: Fotograma do episódio Tiger Millionaire. .............................................................. 75 Figura 25: Fotogramas do episódio Sadie’s Song. ................................................................... 79 Figura 26: Fotogramas do episódio Alone Together. ............................................................... 81 Figura 27: Fotogramas do episódio The Return. ...................................................................... 85 Figura 28: Fotogramas do episódio Jailbreak. ......................................................................... 85 Figura 29: Fotogramas do episódio Jailbreak. ......................................................................... 86 Figura 30: Fotogramas do episódio The Answer. ..................................................................... 88 Figura 31: Fotogramas do episódio Jailbreak. ......................................................................... 92 Figura 32: Fotogramas do episódio Log Date
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