Sustainable Ourism T Cultural Heritage, and Urban Regeneration
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CulturalCultural Heritage, SustainableSustainable TourismTourism and Urban Regeneration: Public Disclosure Authorized and Urban Regeneration: CapturingCapturing Lessons and and Experience Experience from from Japan Japan withwith a a focus focus onon Kyoto Kyoto Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized © 2018 The World Bank Group 1818 H Street NW Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org All rights reserved. This volume is a product of the staff of the World Bank Group (WBG). The World Bank Group refers to the member institutions of the World Bank Group: The World Bank (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development); International Finance Corporation (IFC); and Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), which are separate and distinct legal entities each organized under its respective Articles of Agreement. We encourage use for educational and non- commercial purposes. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Directors or Executive Directors of the respective institutions of the World Bank Group or the governments they represent. The World Bank Group does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. Rights and Permissions This work is a product of the staff of the World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waive of the privileges and immunities of the World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Contact: World Bank Group Social, Urban, Rural and Resilience Global Practice Tokyo Development Learning Center (TDLC) Program Fukoku Seimei Bldg. 10F, 2-2-2 Uchisaiwai-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0011 Japan Phone: +81(3)3597-1333 Fax: +81(3)3597-1311 Web: http://www.jointokyo.org About Tokyo Development Learning Center (TDLC) The Tokyo Development Learning Center (TDLC) program is a partnership of Japan and the WBG. TDLC supports and facilitates strategic WBG and client country collaboration with select Japanese cities, agencies and partners for joint research, knowledge exchange, capacity building and other activities that develop opportunities to link Japanese and global expertise with specific project-level engagements in developing countries to maximize development impact. Acknowledgments This publication was produced by a research team led jointly by Ahmed A. R. Eiweida, Lead Urban Specialist (Global Coordinator of Sustainable Tourism and Sustainable Tourism) and Yuko Okazawa, Urban Specialist, Global Practice for Social, Urban, Rural and Resilience (SURR), under the overall guidance of Sameh Wahba, Director Urban and DRM (SURR) and Daniel Levine, Senior Officer of TDLC Program (SURR) of the World Bank. The research team was composed of Hideo Sakamoto, Principal Consultant (PADECO), Michael Chadney, Senior Consultant (PADECO) and Nozomi Saito, Consultant (PADECO). The team gratefully acknowledges the peer reviews and inputs from the following World Bank Group colleagues: Phil Karp, Lead Knowledge Management Officer (SURR), Wouter Schalken, Senior Private Sector Specialist, Global Practice for Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation (FCI), Paramita Dasgupta, Practice Manager (FCI), Haruka Imoto, Knowledge Management Analyst (SURR) and Takashi Riku, Research Consultant (SURR). The team is especially grateful for feedback from Kyoto City officials, Kyoto based civic organizations and private companies. Special thanks are due to Satoshi Uemura, Vice Mayor of the City of Kyoto. Preparation of this report conducted under the auspices of the TDLC program. TDLC is a partnership of Japan and the WBG. TDLC supports and facilitates strategic WBG and client country collaboration with select Japanese cities, agencies and partners for joint research, knowledge exchange, capacity building and other activities that develop opportunities to link Japanese and global expertise with specific project-level engagements in developing countries to maximize development impact. Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................ 1 1 Kyoto’s Cultural Heritage, Urban Regeneration, and Sustainable Tourism ............................... 3 1.1 Introduction and Objectives ............................................................................................... 3 1.2 Background and Overview of Growth in Kyoto and Japan ................................................ 5 1.3 Cultural Heritage – Laws, Policies, Strategies, and Structures ......................................... 9 1.4 Urban Regeneration – Laws, Policies, Strategies, and Structures .................................. 18 1.5 Sustainable Tourism – Laws, Policies, Strategies, and Structures .................................. 34 2 Case Study Examples ................................................................................................................... 48 2.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 48 2.2 Case 1 – WHS Nijo Castle .............................................................................................. 49 2.3 Case 2 – WHS Kiyomizu-dera Temple ............................................................................ 59 2.4 Case 3 – Higashi-yama (Surrounding Area of WHS Kiyomizu-dera Temple) .................. 67 2.5 Case 4 – Downtown Area ................................................................................................ 72 2.6 Case 5 – Intangible Heritage: Gion Festival .................................................................... 78 2.7 Case 6 – Kyoto Station West Area Redevelopment ........................................................ 82 2.8 Case 7 – Southern Gion Area .......................................................................................... 88 2.9 Case 8 – Intangible Heritage: Gozan-no-okuribi Festival ................................................ 93 3 Summary of Lessons Learned from Kyoto’s Experience .......................................................... 96 3.1 Lessons Learned and Suggested Actions ....................................................................... 96 3.2 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 98 i List of Figures Figure 1.1: Interrelationship of Cultural Heritage, Urban Regeneration, and Sustainable Tourism .......... 4 Figure 1.2: Location of Kyoto City ............................................................................................................. 5 Figure 1.3: Kyoto City Production by Industry .......................................................................................... 5 Figure 1.4: Original Layout of Heian-kyo Overlaid on Modern Kyoto City ................................................ 6 Figure 1.5: Rokuon-ji Temple (Kinkaku-ji Temple) Built in 1397 by Ashikaga Samurai Clan .................... 6 Figure 1.6: Kyoto City Tram since 1895 .................................................................................................... 7 Figure 1.7: Characteristics of Kyoto City .................................................................................................. 7 Figure 1.8: Location of Registered World Heritage Sites in Japan ......................................................... 10 Figure 1.9: World Heritage Sites of Kyoto............................................................................................... 11 Figure 1.10: Process for the Designation of Cultural Properties in Kyoto City ....................................... 12 Figure 1.11: Examples of Kyoto’s Intangible Cultural Heritage .............................................................. 14 Figure 1.12: National Agency for Cultural Affairs – Organization Chart .................................................. 15 Figure 1.13: Cultural Heritage Section, Kyoto City – Organization Chart ............................................... 16 Figure 1.14: Cultural Properties Protection Section – Organization Chart ............................................. 16 Figure 1.15: Location Context ................................................................................................................. 19 Figure 1.16: Conceptual City Plan (Scoping) .......................................................................................... 21 Figure 1.17: Loss of Traditional/Beautiful Landscapes ........................................................................... 22 Figure 1.18: Landscape Policy Framework ............................................................................................ 22 Figure 1.19: Before and After the Landscape Policy Building Height Regulations ................................. 23 Figure 1.20: Building Design Standard Illustrations (Landscape Policy 2007) ....................................... 23 Figure 1.21: Close View Preservation Area ............................................................................................ 24 Figure 1.22: Outdoor Advertisement Control .......................................................................................... 24 Figure 1.23: Decreasing Kyo-Machiya