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Scaphium Macropodum) DI POS MONITORING SIKUNDUR TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG LEUSER (TNGL

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Scaphium Macropodum) DI POS MONITORING SIKUNDUR TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG LEUSER (TNGL EKSPLORASI FUNGI PELARUT POSFAT DI BAWAH TEGAKAN KEMBANG SEMANGKUK (Scaphium macropodum) DI POS MONITORING SIKUNDUR TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG LEUSER (TNGL) SKRIPSI Sri Ratna Sari Hasibuan 151201028 DEPARTEMEN BUDIDAYA HUTAN FAKULTAS KEHUTANAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2020 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA EKSPLORASI FUNGI PELARUT FOSFAT DI BAWAH TEGAKAN KEMBANG SEMANGKUK (Scaphium macropodum) DI POS MONITORING SIKUNDUR TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG LEUSER (TNGL) SKRIPSI Oleh: Sri Ratna Sari Hasibuan 151201028 Skripsi sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar sarjana di Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Sumatera Utara DEPARTEMEN BUDIDAYA HUTAN FAKULTAS KEHUTANAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2020 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT SRI RATNA SARI HASIBUAN: Exploration of Phosphate Solubilizing Fungi under Kembang Semangkuk (Scaphium macropodum) in Sikundur Monitoring Station, Mount Leuser National Park (TNGL). Supervised by DENI ELFIATI and ARIDA SUSILOWATI. Scaphium macropodum is multipurpose tree species that have main product are wood and fruit as medicine. This species has declined sharply due to overexploitation and classified into least concern according IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature). Phosphate solubilizing fungiis one of the microbes which is increased the availibility and taking of P by plants. The research was conducted to get information, to isolate and identification on phosphate solubilizing fungi on soil under kembang semangkuk stand. The soil sample is taken random on a depth 0-5 cm and 5-20 cm under 12 kembang semangkuk stands. The analysis of soil samples was conducted at the Center for Oil Palm Research (PPKS), medanisolation and identification of phosphate solubilizing conducted in Soil Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Isolation used Pikovskaya media with the source fosfat from Ca3(PO4)2, whereas in the potential test used Ca3(PO4)2, AlPO4, FePO4 and Rock Phosphate (RP) as source of insoluble phosphate The result of research showed that 15 potential isolates, with 10 isolates at depth of 0-5 cm and 5 isolates at depth of 5-20 cm. The result of identification by macroscopic and microscopic observations showed all the isolates including the genus Aspergillus. Key words: Aspergillus, Kembang Semangkuk, Phosohate, Phosphate Solubilizing Fungi. iii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK SRI RATNA SARI HASIBUAN: Eksplorasi Fungi Pelarut Posfat di Bawah Tegakan Kembang Semangkuk (Scaphium macropodum) di Pos Monitoring Sikundur Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser (TNGL). Dibimbing oleh DENI ELFIATI dan ARIDA SUSILOWATI. Scaphium macropodum adalah spesies pohon multiguna yang produk utamanya adalah kayu dan buahnya sebagai obat-obatan. Akibat dari eksploitasi berlebihan, spesies ini menurun tajam sehingga masuk daftar merah IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature). Fungi pelarut fosfat merupakan salah satu anggota mikroba tanah yang dapat meningkatkan ketersediaan dan pengambilan P oleh tumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi, mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi fungi pelarut fosfat dari tanah di bawah tegakan kembang semangkuk (Scaphium macropodum). Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak, dengan kedalaman 0-5 cm dan 5-20 cm di bawah 12 tegakan kembang semangkuk. Analisis sifat kimia tanah dilakukan di Laboratorium Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) serta isolasi dan identifikasi fungi pelarut posfat dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Isolasi fungi dilakukan dengan menggunakan media Pikovskaya dengan sumber fosfat Ca3(PO4)2, sedangkan untuk uji potensi media padat menggunakan sumber fosfat dari Ca3(PO4)2, AlPO4, FePO4 dan Batuan fosfat (RP). Hasil penelitian di dapatkan 15 isolat yang potensial, 10 isolat dari kedalaman 0-5 cm dan 5 isolat dari kedalaman 5-20 cm. Hasil identifikasi dengan pengamatan secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis menunjukkan semua isolat termasuk dalam genus Aspergillus. Kata kunci: Aspergillus, Fosfat, Fungi Pelarut Fosfat, Kembang Semangkuk. iv UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA RIWAYAT HIDUP Penulis bernama Sri Ratna Sari Hasibuan dilahirkan di kota Padangsidimpuan pada tanggal 12 April 1997. Penulis merupakan anak keempat dari empat bersaudara dari pasangan Bapak Daud Hasibuan dan Ibu Lamsana Harahap. Penulis memulai pendidikan di SDN 200108 Padangsidimpuan pada tahun 2003-2009, pendidikan tingkat Sekolah Menengah Pertama di SMPN 1 Padangsidimpuan pada tahun 2009-2012, pendidikan tingkat Sekolah Menengah Atas di SMAN 1 Padangsidimpuan pada tahun 2012-2015. Pada tahun 2015, penulis lulus di Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Sumatera Utara melalui jalur Seleksi Nasional Masuk Perguruan Tinggi Negeri (SNMPTN) Undangan Program Studi Kehutanan, Fakultas Kehutanan. Selama mengikuti perkuliahan penulis aktif dalam berbagai unit kegiatan mahasiswa (UKM) anggota aktif UKM Baytul Asyjaar (BKM) tahun 2015-2018 dan anggota aktif Rimbawan Pecinta Alam (RIMBAPALA) Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Sumatera Utara tahun 2015-2019 dan menjadi Sekretaris Umum periode 2017-2018 serta menjadi Majelis Permusyawaratan Rimbapala (MPR) periode 2018-2019. Dan penulis pernah menjadi Asisten Praktikum Pengenalan Ekosistem Hutan (P2EH) pada tahun 2018. Penulis telah mengikuti Praktik Pengenalan Ekosistem Hutan (P2EH) di Kawasan Hutan dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) Pondok Bulu Kabupaten Simalungun Sumatera Utara pada tahun 2017. Pada tahun 2018 penulis telah menyelesaikan Praktik Kerja Lapangan (PKL) di KPH Wilayah IX Panyabungan. Pada awal tahun 2019 penulis melaksanakan penelitian dengan judul “Eksplorasi Fungi Pelarut Fosfat di Bawah Tegakan Kembang Semangkuk (Scaphium macropodum) di Pos Monitoring Sikundur Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser (TNGL)” di bawah bimbingan Dr. Deni Elfiati, SP., MP dan Dr. Arida Susilowati, S. Hut., M. Si. v UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA KATA PENGANTAR Puji dan syukur penulis atas kehadirat Allah SWT atas Rahmat dan Karunia-Nya serta sholawat beriringkan salam penulis sanjungsajikan kepada baginda Rasulullah SAW. Atas izin Allah penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi yang berjudul “Eksplorasi Fungi Pelarut Posfat di Bawah Tegakan Kembang Semangkuk (Scaphium Macropodum) di Pos Monitoring Sikundur Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser (TNGL)”. Dalam penyusunan skripsi ini, penulis mengucapkan terimakasih kepada: 1. Ibu Dr. Deni Elfiati, SP., MP dan Dr. Arida Susilowati, S.Hut., M.Si selaku ketua dan anggota komisi pembimbing saya, serta kepada dosen dosen penguji skripsi penulis Ibu Siti Latifah, S.Hut., M.Si., Ph.D, Bapak Yunus Afifuddin, S.Hut., M.Si, dan Bapak Dr. Rudi Hartono, S.Hut., M.Si yang telah membimbing dan mengarahkan penulis serta memberikan berbagai masukan berharga kepada penulis dalam penyelesaian skripsi ini. 2. Penulis juga mengucapkan terimakasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada kedua orangtua penulis, Bapak Daud Hasibuan dan Ibu Lamsana Harahap yang selalu memberikan dukungan, doa, dan kasih sayang yang tidak terbatas kepada penulis. 3. Dosen-dosen Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Sumatera Utara yang telah memberikan dan menuntun penulis dalam menuntut ilmu selama masa perkuliahan dan Staff Tata Usaha yang telah membantu penulis selama pengurusan berkas. 4. Balai Besar Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser dan Yayasan Ekosistem Leuser yang telah mengizinkan penulis melakukan penelitian di lokasi penelitian. 5. Bapak Suprayadi selaku Manajer SOCP dan tim riset di lapangan dalam membantu proses penelitian di lapangan. 6. Kepada rekan tim penelitian yang telah banyak membantu dan memberikan dukungan selama penelitian berlangsung. Teman-teman jurusan Budidaya Hutan angkatan 2015 atas kerjasama dan serta semua pihak yang terlibat namun tidak dapat penulis cantumkan namanya satu per satu. Penulis berharap semoga skripsi ini memberikan manfaat ke berbagai pihak. Akhir kata penulis mengucapkan terima kasih. Medan, Januari 2020 Sri Ratna Sari Hasibuan vi UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DAFTAR ISI Halaman LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ............................................................................ i PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ................................................................. ii ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... iii ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... iv RIWAYAT HIDUP ......................................................................................... v KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... vi DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... vii DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................... ix DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................... x DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................... xi PENDAHULUAN Latar Belakang ................................................................................................ 1 Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................................ 2 Manfaat Penelitian .......................................................................................... 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA Kembang Semangkuk (Scaphium macropodum) ............................................ 3 Sifat Kimia Tanah ..........................................................................................
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