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Repellent Activity of the Essential Oil from Laurelia Sempervirens (Ruiz & Pav.) Tul

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Repellent Activity of the Essential Oil from Laurelia Sempervirens (Ruiz & Pav.) Tul MS Editions BOLETIN LATINOAMERICANO Y DEL CARIBE DE PLANTAS MEDICINALES Y AROMÁTICAS 19 (4): 387 - 394 (2020) © / ISSN 0717 7917 / www.blacpma.ms-editions.cl Articulo original / Original Article Repellent activity of the essential oil from Laurelia sempervirens (Ruiz & Pav.) Tul. (Monimiaceae) on Triatoma infestans (Klug) (Reduviidae) [Actividad repelente del aceite esencial de Laurelia sempervirens (Ruiz & Pav.) Tul. (Monimiaceae) en Triatoma infestans (Klug)(Reduviidae)] Marycruz Mojica1, Raúl Adolfo Alzogaray2, Sofía Laura Mengoni2, Mercedes María Noel Reynoso2, Carlos Fernando Pinto1, Hermann M. Niemeyer3 & Javier Echeverría4 1Facultad de Ciencias Químico Farmacéuticas y Bioquímicas de la Universidad Mayor Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Sucre, Bolivia 2Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (UNIDEF-CITEDEF-CONICET-CIPEIN). Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina 3Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile 4Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología Universidad Santiago de Chile Contactos | Contacts: Javier ECHEVERRÍA - E-mail address: [email protected] Abstract: Triatoma infestans (Klug) is the principal vector of Chagas disease in Bolivia and neighboring countries. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition of the EO of the Chilean laurel, Laurelia sempervirens (Ruiz & Pav.) Tul. (Monimiaceae) and to evaluate its repellent effect on fifth-instar nymphs of T. infestans. The EO from L. sempervirens was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Their main components were cis-isosafrole (89.8%), β- terpinene (3.9%), trans-ocimene (2.7%) and methyleugenol (2.2%). Repellency was evaluated on a circle of filter paper divided into two equal zones which were impregnated with test substances [EO or N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) as positive control] and acetone as blank control, respectively. Several concentrations of test substances between 4.125 and 132 μg/cm2 were tested. The EO from L. sempervirens produced significant repellency at concentrations equal or above 66.0 μg/cm2, while DEET repelled starting at 16.5 μg/cm2. Future works will be oriented to the study of repellent properties of cis-isosafrole alone and mixed with β-terpinene, trans-ocimene and methyleugenol on T. infestans. Keywords: Triatoma infestans; Laurelia sempervirens; Essential oils; Cis-isosafrole; Repellent activity. Resumen: Triatoma infestans (Klug) es el vector principal de la enfermedad de Chagas en Bolivia y los países vecinos. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la composición química del AE del laurel chileno, Laurelia sempervirens (Ruiz & Pav.) Tul. (Monimiaceae) y evaluar su efecto repelente en ninfas del quinto estadio de T. infestans. La AE de L. sempervirens se obtuvo por hidrodestilación y se analizó por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (CG-EM). Sus componentes principales fueron cis-isosafrol (89.8%), β- terpineno (3.9%), trans-ocimeno (2.7%) y metileugenol (2.2%). La repelencia se evaluó en un círculo de papel de filtro dividido en dos zonas iguales que se impregnaron con sustancias de prueba [AE o N,N-dietil-3-metilbenzamida (DEET) como control positivo] y acetona como control en blanco, respectivamente. Se analizaron varias concentraciones de sustancias de prueba entre 4.125 y 132 μg/cm2. El AE de L. sempervirens produjo una repelencia significativa a concentraciones iguales o superiores a 66.0 μg/cm2, mientras que DEET repelió a partir de 16.5 μg/cm2. Futuros trabajos serán orientados al estudio de las propiedades repelentes de cis-isosafrol solo y mezclado con β- terpineno, trans-ocimeno y metileugenol en T. infestans. Palabras clave: Triatoma infestans; Laurelia sempervirens; Aceites esenciales; Cis-isosafrole; Actividad repelente Recibido | Received: February 15, 2020 Aceptado | Accepted: March 20, 2020 Aceptado en versión corregida | Accepted in revised form: March 25, 2020 Publicado en línea | Published online: July 30, 2020 Este artículo puede ser citado como / This article must be cited as: M Mojica, RA Alzogaray, SL Mengoni, MMN Reynoso, CF Pinto, HM Niemeyer, J Echeverría. 2020. Repellent activity of the essential oil from Laurelia sempervirens (Ruiz & Pav.) Tul. (Monimiaceae) on Triatoma infestans (Klug). Bol Latinoam Caribe Plant Med Aromat 19 (4): 387 – 394. https://doi.org/10.37360/blacpma.20.19.4.26 387 Mojica et al. Repellent activity of Chilean laurel against vinchuca INTRODUCTION al., 2015; Ortiz et al., 2017), the greenhouse white fly Chagas disease, also called American Trialeurodes vaporariorum and its chalcidoid trypanosomiasis, is caused by the protozoan parasitic wasp Encarsia formosa (Zapata et al., Trypanosoma cruzi (Pérez-Molina, 2018). It is 2016), and the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum transmitted as disease by blood-sucking bugs (Zapata et al., 2010), while the leaf powder produced belonging to the family Reduviidae. The main vector lethal and sublethal effects on the maize weevil of Chagas in Bolivia is Triatoma infestans Sitophilus zeamais (Torres et al., 2015; Noranbuena (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) (Torrico, 2007; Rojas- et al., 2016) and the bean weevil Acanthoscelides Cortez, 2007). According to WHO (2015), vector obtectus (Bittner et al., 2008). The aim of this study control is considered the most advantageous method was to determine the chemical composition of the EO for preventing Chagas disease in Latin America. At from leaves of L. sempervirens and its repellent effect present, most campaigns of Chagas vector control are towards fifth-instar nymphs of T. infestans. based on spraying pyrethroid formulations diluted in water (Vassena et al., 2007). In Bolivia, the National MATERIAL AND METHODS Chagas Program performs controls inside and outside Chemicals homes to eliminate transmission of the vector (Rojas- N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide DEET (97%) and Cortez, 2007). Most Bolivian domestic populations acetone (analytical grade) were purchased to Sigma of T. infestans are resistant to the pyrethroid Aldrich (Buenos Aires, Argentina) and Merck deltamethrin (Vassena et al., 2007; Lardeux et al., (Darmstadt, Germany), respectively. 2010). On the other hand, it is desirable to replace conventional insecticides with alternatives having Biological material less environmental impact and less toxicity towards The assays were performed with fifth-instar nymphs non-pest organisms (Diaz-Barriga, 2002). For these of Triatoma infestans (colony CIPEIN). This colony reasons, there is a constant search for new tools to was maintained at 26 ± 2°C and 60-90% relative control triatomines as well as for the design of humidity (RH); and weekly fed pigeon blood, integrated pest management strategies (Lardeux et according to the protocol approved by the al., 2010). Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Essential oils (EOs) are complex mixtures of CIPEIN (IACUC/CICUAL - National System of monoterpenes and other substances (Isman, 2008) Bioterium Registry Number 1572/155). which display a broad spectrum of insecticidal activity (Park et al., 2003; Sfara et al., 2009; Tarelli Extraction and chemical analysis of the EO from L. et al., 2009; Alzogaray et al., 2011; Urzúa et al., sempervirens 2010; Urzúa et al., 2011a; Urzúa et al., 2011b; Urzúa Plant material et al., 2013; Echeverría & Albuquerque, 2019). Leaves from adult trees of L. sempervirens (Ruiz et Lethal as well as sublethal repellency effects of Pav.) Tul. were collected near Valdivia, Chile terpenes on insects have been extensively (39°52.395S, 73°14.597O, 4 m.a.s.l.). Following documented (Katz et al., 2008; Sfara et al., 2009; Vogel et al. (1997), care was taken to haphazardly Moretti, 2017). collect leaves from different positions of each of Laurelia sempervirens (Ruiz & Pav.) Tul. several trees. The material was identified by (Monimiaceae) is an evergreen endemic tree of the Sebastián Teillier, Universidad Central de Chile. temperate rainforests of southern Chile, mainly on Voucher specimens (LQE-231) were deposited at the the coast between the Región del Libertador General herbarium of the Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Bernardo O’Higgins and Región de los Lagos Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile. (Rodríguez et al., 2018). Different extracts from the plant have shown a variety of activities against Essential oil extraction insects. Thus, the EO from leaves and bark of L. Plant material (ca. 30 g) was air dried, cut into small sempervirens showed insecticidal and repellent pieces, and hydrodistilled for 3 h in a Clevenger-type activity towards the confused flour beetle Tribolium apparatus (Echeverría & Niemeyer, 2017). The confusum (Zapata & Smagghe, 2010; Torres et al., yellowish oil was dried over anhydrous sodium 2014; Herrera-Rodríguez et al., 2015; Torres et sulphate and stored in a glass ampoule at 4°C until Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas/388 Mojica et al. Repellent activity of Chilean laurel against vinchuca analysed. both halves were stuck back together with adhesive tape on the underside, and the circle was placed on Chromatographic analysis the horizontal floor of the test box. Then, a glass A Hewlett-Packard 5891 gas chromatograph linked cylinder (2.5-cm high, 10-cm diameter) was placed to a Hewlett-Packard 5972 mass spectrometric around the paper circle to prevent the nymphs from detector (Hewlett Packard, Palo Alto, CA, USA) and leaving the arena. Finally,
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