International Journal of New Economics, Public Administration and Law, № 1 (3) 2019

JEL M 400 DOI: 10.31264/2545-093X-2019-1(3)-189-195 Martyshyn Dеnys PhD in theology, Associate Professor

[email protected]

ORCID: 0000-0002-2770-7757 Researcher ID: S-5270-2018 SPIN: 5795-9773

The Head of the Department of Ukrainian Studies, Orthodoxy and Theology, Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, ,

ORTHODOX CHURCHES OF UKRAINE: REALITIES AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF PROCESSES OF STATE FORMATION

KOŚCIOŁY ORTODOX NA UKRAINIE: RZECZYWISTOŚCI I PERSPEKTYWY ROZWOJU POLITYKI SPOŁECZNEJ W KONTEKŚCIE PROCESÓW BUDOWLANYCH PAŃSTWA

ПРАВОСЛАВНЫЕ ЦЕРКВИ УКРАИНЫ: РЕАЛИИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ПРОЦЕССОВ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА

Abstract The article describes the modern theoretical foundations of social policy of Ukrainian Orthodox Churches and the practical activities of religious organizations in the context of the processes of state formation. The role of Orthodox Churches of Ukraine in strengthening the processes of state formation and unification of the Ukrainian people in the context of political, economic and cultural changes in the life of Ukraine is highlighted. The real problems and possible ways of developing the social policy of the Christian Church, as well as the main aspects of state building in the national theological and political thought are analyzed. It is substantiated that the dialogue between Ukrainian Christian Churches and society will always be the basic element of state formation, social development, as well as the platform of democratization processes in Ukraine. The article shows the interconnection between the social doctrine of the Church and the public administration, political science, philosophy and sociology. The urgent issues in realization of social service of Churches are comprehended. The author believes that the social sphere not only of society, but also of Church life is a complex and dynamic paradigm of spiritual and social development of the modern world. It is characterized by a variety of versatile parameters that outline the paradigms of human life. As the personal life, professional activity and mission of a Christian occur in the life of the state, then any changes in it lead to changes in the situation of the individual and vice versa. The social policy of the Church is one of the main directions of the mission of the Church in the modern world and should correspond to the theological thought of Christianity. The ignoring by religious communities the issue of social policy can lead to a loss of constructive and positive influence of religion on the life of society. Keywords: social policy of the Church, theology, state, Christianity, religion, social thought, science, philosophy, politics, social doctrine, morals, spirituality, creativity, public administration.

D. Martyshyn 189

International Journal of New Economics, Public Administration and Law, № 1 (3) 2019

Streszczenie Artykuł przedstawia opis współczesnych teoretycznych podstaw polityki społecznej ukraińskich kościołów prawosławnych oraz praktycznej działalności organizacji religijnych w kontekście procesów budowania państwa. Podkreślono rolę cerkwi Ukrainy we wzmacnianiu procesów budowy państwa i jedności narodu ukraińskiego w kontekście przemian politycznych, gospodarczych i kulturowych w życiu Ukrainy. Analizowane są rzeczywiste problemy i możliwe sposoby rozwoju polityki społecznej Kościoła chrześcijańskiego, a także główne aspekty budowania państwa w narodowej myśli teologicznej i politycznej. Uzasadnione jest, że dialog między ukraińskimi kościołami chrześcijańskimi a społeczeństwem zawsze będzie podstawą budowy państwa, rozwoju społecznego, a także platformy procesów demokratyzacji na Ukrainie. Artykuł pokazuje związek nauczania społecznego Kościoła z administracją państwową, naukami politycznymi, filozofią i socjologią. Obecne problemy w realizacji służby społecznej kościołów są rozumiane. Autor uważa, że sfera społeczna nie tylko społeczeństwa, ale także istnienia Kościoła jest złożonym i dynamicznym paradygmatem duchowego i społecznego rozwoju współczesnego świata. Charakteryzuje się wieloma różnymi parametrami, które definiują paradygmaty ludzkiego życia. Ponieważ życie osobiste, działalność zawodowa i misja chrześcijanina odbywają się w życiu państwa, to wszelkie zmiany w nim prowadzą do zmian w sytuacji jednostki i vice versa. Polityka społeczna Kościoła jest jednym z głównych obszarów misji Kościoła we współczesnym świecie i musi odpowiadać teologicznej myśli o chrześcijaństwie. Ignorowanie polityki społecznej przez wspólnoty religijne może prowadzić do utraty konstruktywnego i pozytywnego wpływu religii na społeczeństwo. Słowa kluczowe: polityka społeczna Kościoła, teologia, państwo, chrześcijaństwo, religia, myśli społeczne, nauka, filozofia, polityka, nauka społeczna, moralność, duchowość, kreatywność, administracja publiczna.

Аннотация В статье представлено изложение современных теоретических основ социальной политики украинских православных церквей и практической деятельности религиозных организаций в контексте процессов государственного строительства. Освещена роль православных церквей Украины в укреплении процессов государственного строительства и единения украинского народа в контексте политических, экономических и культурных изменений в жизни Украины. Проанализированы реальные проблемы и возможные пути развития социальной политики христианской церкви, а также основные аспекты государственного строительства в отечественной теологической и политологической мысли. Обосновано, что диалог украинских христианских церквей и общества постоянно будет базисным элементом государственного строительства, общественного развития, а также платформой процессов демократизации в Украине. В статье показана взаимосвязь социального учения церкви с государственным управлением, политологией, философией и социологией. Осмыслены актуальные проблемы в реализации социального служения церквей. Автор считает, что социальная сфера не только общества, но и церковного бытия представляет собой сложную и динамичную парадигму духовного и социального развития современного мира. Она характеризуется рядом разносторонних параметров, которые определяют парадигмы жизнедеятельности человечества. Поскольку личная жизнь, профессиональная деятельность и миссия христианина проходят в жизни государства, то и любые изменения в нем приводят к изменениям в положении отдельного человека, и наоборот. Социальная политика церкви является одним из главных направлений миссии церкви в современном мире и должна соответствовать теологической мысли христианства. Игнорирование религиозными общинами вопроса социальной политики может привести к потере конструктивного и позитивного влияния религии на жизнь общества. Ключевые слова: социальная политика церкви, теология, государство, христианство, религия, социальная мысль, наука, философия, политика, социальная доктрина, мораль, духовность, творчество, государственное управление.

Formulation of the issue. In the context of especially evident in the transformations of socio-political changes of the Ukrainian state and politics, economics and the search of society for in the context of the multifaceted processes of the spiritual ideas of the country's development globalization, the role of the social policy of the when, of course, the role of religious and spiritual Christian Churches of Ukraine increases as well values in the humanitarian sphere is growing [4, as the theological thought of Christianity in the p. 12-13]. In our opinion, the development of the formation of state-building ideas. This is social policy of the Orthodox Churches of D. Martyshyn 190 International Journal of New Economics, Public Administration and Law, № 1 (3) 2019

Ukraine directly influences the formation of (Berezovsky), Metropolitan public opinion, the inner world of the individual, (Kudriakov), Metropolitan (Maletych), the development of civil society and the spiritual Metropolitan Alexander (Drabinko), Metropolitan culture of the country [1, p. 6-7]. Epiphanius (Dumenko), Metropolitan Dmitry In our opinion, the problem of state-church (Rudyuk), of Sviatoslav (Shevchuk), relations has always been relevant, as dialogue, Bishop Gabriel (Kryzyna), Bishop Victor (Bed), the interaction of Church and state largely Bishop Borys (Gudziak), Cyril determined the vector of spiritual and political (Govorun), Archpriest Georgiy Kovalenko, development of society throughout the complex Archpriest Mikhail Petsii, A. Arjakovsky, A. and multifaceted history of mankind. It should be Filonenko, M. Cherenkov, S. Sannikov, R. emphasized that the relationship between Solovy, V. Khromets, A. Yurash [1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, Ukrainian Orthodoxy and the Ukrainian state in 13] . the process of socio-political transformations, the The analysis of scientific research and study of the social doctrine of Christianity, and publications provides grounds to argue that the political theology is important both for public stage of development of the theory of social administration and for further scientific- policy of the Church in the domestic and world theoretical and informational and analytical science of public administration until recently was comprehension of socio-political relations of the considered unsatisfactory. Only today secular state and religious organizations in Ukraine. The science and ecclesiastical thought direct the theological thought of the Church significantly scientific vector to the question of the social influenced the development of the value paradigm doctrine of Christianity, political theology, the of Ukrainian state formation. That is why it is social doctrine of the Church, the domination of relevant not only for theological research, but also spiritual values in political life [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, for public administration. 8, 10, 11, 12, 13]. Analysis of recent research and The purpose of the article. The main purpose publications. The doctrinal questions of the of this work is to study the realities and prospects social policy of the Ukrainian state in dialogue of the development of the social policy of with religious organizations were researched by Ukrainian Orthodox Churches in the context of domestic scientists, among them M. Alforov, V. the processes of state formation. Alokhin, E. Afonin, V. Bebik, V. Bondarenko, I. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were Bidzyura, V. Besarab, M. Holovaty, V. set and solved: Goshovska, I. Gnybidenko, A. Zinchenko, B.  to determine the social policy of Zaichuk, A. Zarudny, Y. Kalnush, A. Kolodny, A. Ukrainian Orthodox Churches in the context of Kapska, M. Kravchenko, A. Kruty, T. Kirian, O. state formation; Radchenko, E. Romanenko, E. Libanova, O.  to describe key contemporary approaches Paliy, I. Pizhik, V. Popovich, V. Pasichnyk, A. to understanding the social doctrine of the Church Reshetnichenko, V. Skurativsky, A. Sagan, G. and the social service of religious communities; Sagach, Y. Surmin, L. Filippovich, Y.  to substantiate the value priorities of the Chornomorets , G. Schokin, P. Shevchuk , A. dialogue between the state and the Church, the Yagodka, V. Yatsenko, P. Yarotskiy et al. [4, 10, relationship between the authorities and religious 11, 12]. organizations; Studying the essence, the basic principles and  to study the prospects for the categories of social policy of the Christian modernization of the social policy of Ukrainian Churches of Ukraine, its interconnection with the Orthodox Churches in the context of the processes social doctrine of Christianity, the social work of of state formation. the Church, public administration, education, Presentation of the main research material. upbringing, social service, one should refer to the We would like to emphasize that the current stage scientific developments of Church hierarchs and of reforming public administration in the process theologians: Patriarch Bartholomew of democratic development of Ukraine is marked (Arhondonis), Patriarch (Denysenko), by an intensive and painful search for Metropolitan Volodymyr (Sabodan), Cardinal fundamentally new spiritual decisions and deep Lubomyr (Husar), Metropolitan D. Martyshyn 191

International Journal of New Economics, Public Administration and Law, № 1 (3) 2019 value transformations in all spheres of life of the Ukraine (OCU). It should be noted that this state, Church and society on the way of decision on the association was supported by two democratic state-building [4, p. 8-9]. In our bishops of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (UOC) opinion, its success will largely depend on how - Metropolitan (Shostatsky) and much we will use the experience of the social Metropolitan Alexander (Drabinko). On January policy of the Orthodox Churches of Ukraine, and 6, 2019, the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU) will adhere to the foundation of biblical values of received the Tomos (charter) of from Christianity in the space of Ukrainian state the ecumenical throne, and on February 3, 2019, formation [3, p. 3-4]. the enthronement of the Primate of the OCU, It is known that the theoretical paradigms and Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Ukraine Epiphanius models of democratic development of the state (Dumenko) took place in Saint Sophia of Kyiv [2, presuppose the presence of an important p. 233-234]. precondition - the consolidation of society, It is important that so far different church religious and civil unions around the institutions: the Ukrainian Orthodox Church understanding of the need for the spiritual way of (UOC) - Metropolitan Onufriy (Berezovsky) and the country's development, readiness for the the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU) - perception of the Christian value system in the Metropolitan Epiphanius (Dumenko), which development of the life of modern society. because of different canonical, historical, However, there is still no fundamental political, culturological and geopolitical reasons comparative analysis of the value dominants of did not find complete agreement and unity, Christian social doctrine in the process of state testified in front of modern world about the creation in the social doctrine of the Church and spiritual values of Christianity, consolidated the public administration. What spiritual values unite theological foundations of the development of Ukrainian Christian Churches, religious science, education, culture, worked together for communities, society and which values divide, the benefit of the Ukrainian state and society. which spiritual ideas can lead Christians to unity It is known that Ukrainian Orthodoxy for and what ecclesiastical, historical, national, centuries helped our people to withstand during civilizational differences between the Ukrainian difficult historical trials, spiritually and Orthodox Church (UOC) and the Orthodox ideologically strengthening the Ukrainian state Church of Ukraine (OCU) - just come to [10, p. 6-8]. Note that the Church's social policy is deadlock? What values should the Ukrainian one of the types of Christian sacred mission that is national state doctrine be built on? The directed to integrate religious communities into extraordinary urgency of this statement of the the service of God and the modern human in order issue is confirmed by the latest events in the life to secure the unity, integrity of society in Christ of Ukrainian Orthodoxy [7, p. 146-184]. and resolve the social contradictions of the life of Nowadays Christians are seeking not only an modern mankind. Deeply convinced that modern answer to the spiritual questions in the Church, Ukrainian Orthodoxy needs a qualitative but also have a need of review to political and restructuring of its sphere of social service, state-building processes, have a desire to bridge missionary education, enlightenment, accelerated the gap between the political existence of the implementation of projects of constructive nation and the spiritual existence of the people. dialogue of religious communities with This need is reflected in the social policy of the representatives of state power, science, education, Orthodox Churches of Ukraine. We will medicine, army, public organizations on the way emphasize that a part of Ukrainian Orthodox of development of the social platform of Ukraine. Churches: the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the The idea of building the social policy of the Kyiv Patriarchate (UOC-KP) - Patriarch Filaret Church corresponds to the biblical principles of (Denysenko) and the Ukrainian Autocephalous the formation of the mission of Christianity, Orthodox Church (UAOC) - Metropolitan religious ethics, Christian morality, spiritual Makariy (Maletych) having come a long way to values and traditions of Orthodoxy, the aspiration overcome the split on December 15, 2018 on the of the Christian world to the unity, social justice, initiative of the Ukrainian state and the Patriarch freedom, self-realization and dignity of the human of Constantinople Bartholomew (Arhondonis) being [13, p. 16-22]. created a new independent Orthodox Church of In our opinion, it is the social policy of the D. Martyshyn 192 International Journal of New Economics, Public Administration and Law, № 1 (3) 2019

Ukrainian Orthodox Churches that can become a Will the Church be able to take advantage of valuable component of the national doctrine of this chance? To outline the prospects for the state formation. Without a spiritual foundation development of the social policy of the Orthodox and a spiritual idea no state can exist and develop. Churches in Ukraine in the processes of state- The development of the Ukrainian state, civil building, we will try to outline the conceptual society and the nation as a whole without national framework of the very concept of "social policy of idea based on religious beliefs and spiritual values the Church". The social policy of the Church is a is just as impossible as life without soul. system of spiritual, social, administrative, Convinced that the interaction of Churches with regulatory, self-regulatory methods and forms of the Ukrainian state in the process of socio- activity of Christians (religious communities), the political transformations, its theological reflection totality of theological principles, decisions and and political study is important both for the social actions of Christianity, which embodied in social doctrine of the Orthodox Church, political programs and social practices of religious theology, public administration, political communities, social associations for the sake of psychology, political science, and for further satisfaction social needs of the human being, scientific theoretical and informational analytical balancing the spiritual and social interests of comprehension of socio-political relations in religious institutions, human being, social groups Ukraine. of society, achieving social goals, solving social From the point of view of the social doctrine problems, forming social values. The social of the Church, we can conclude that the self- policy of the Church in the broad sense is a organizing spiritual and social processes that take system of social and individual ways and forms of place at the level of Сhurch parishes of horizontal Christian activity aimed at creating conditions for ties effectively influence the development of the the full self-realization of the Christian social processes of state formation and the whole civil potential in the light of the biblical revelation and society in Ukraine. Considering the situation as a sacred transfer of the Church. whole, there is a need to reconsider the position From the history of the Church it is known regarding the further development of the dialogue that the interaction of the state and religious between the Church and the state in the process of communities takes place in the forms of self- state building, with emphasis on the motivation of isolation, assimilation and modernization (the self-organization processes in governance at the modernization of the social doctrine of level of Church communities, potential Christianity and the social policy of the Church opportunities for cooperation between the while preserving its own religious uniqueness). institutes of the Church, state and civil society in The sects, sectarian movements, ultraconservative the spiritual, cultural, educational spheres, representatives of the Churches go mainly through achieving parity at the level of vertical-horizontal by the way of rejection. Recognize that self- ties in order to balance: the interests of the subject isolation is a social reality for certain church and the object of public administration. parishes. Obviously, the complexities of the modern From the point of view of the social doctrine Ukrainian state formation are aggravated by the of the Church it is obvious that such a way in the fundamentally new geopolitical situation of conditions of globalization is false and leads to confrontation between the West and the East, the the destruction of the Church life itself, the war in Ukraine, widespread corruption of the mission of the Church and social policy. Ukrainian political elites, valuable civilizational Assimilation, politicization of Church life confrontations on a global scale, and the (conquest of the Church to the interests of the increasing influence of non-state agents, primarily state) involve the rejection of the entire layers of multinational corporations. It is known that the spiritual culture of the Church itself, its globalization is increasingly affecting the freedom, identity, which is incompatible with traditional role of Churches, religions and morals freedom of religion. On the way of unconditional in the development of national states. This has assimilation there is a threat to the crisis of both a threat and a chance for the Orthodox development of Ukrainian Orthodoxy that we see Churches in Ukraine to build their relations with today, when a state violently tries to re-register the state and society in a new way. Church parishes, interfering with the internal life D. Martyshyn 193

International Journal of New Economics, Public Administration and Law, № 1 (3) 2019 of religious communities. And the modernization, research. In our opinion, the social policy of in our opinion (or an attempt to combine spiritual, Ukrainian Orthodox Churches forms the religious values, achievement of own religious humanitarian field of Ukrainian state formation. culture with Western technologies and practices) In the course of the conducted intelligence it was is recognized as the most successful strategy of established that the leading trend of Ukraine's development in the 21st century [5, p. modernization of the social policy of the Church 142-164]. is the establishment of a constructive dialogue The challenges that faced by the Ukrainian between the state and the Church. The importance state and the Orthodox Churches of Ukraine and necessity of a thorough scientific study of the (UOC, OCU) require the creation of a concept for social policy of Orthodox Churches in Ukraine is the interaction of Church, state institutions and that the social work of Church parishes is an civil associations, and the strengthening of the important factor in the development of the Church's social policy. The entire history of social Ukrainian state. The main thing in this context is thought of Christianity is a history of the search that the development and strengthening of the for spiritual approaches and methods of building a social policy of the Church is the foundation of society on the basis of Christian morals. theological, philosophical and sociological Therefore, the Church pays much attention to the discourse and a strategic resource for the development of relations with the state, society as development of the institutions of the Church a whole, feeling its aspirations and concerns. itself. The social policy of the Church is of Studying history, sociology and public particular importance both for the institutions of administration it becomes clear that even in a civil society in Ukraine and for the Ukrainian secular society the Church influences the state. formation of a person's spiritual world, political The social policy of the Church is a ideology, geopolitics, social policy of the state component of the sacred mission of Christianity and, in general, humanizes the world. Such in the world, which is carried out by Church influence of church institutions is based on the structures (synodal divisions, eparchies, religious theological reflection on the existence and calling communities) and public organizations of man in the light of the Christian faith, which (fraternities, congregations, spiritual centers). The serves as a basis for the harmonization of the social policy of the Church is called through the complex and multifaceted process of socialization prism of sacred tradition and Holy Bible to of man. resolve spiritual and social contradictions in the Political, social and economic transformations life of society. The historical experience of in Ukraine gradually lead to an understanding of Ukraine and other countries of the world shows the need for the priority development of the social that where the activities of religious organizations doctrine of Christianity, social service and social are insignificant, - the preconditions are created policy of the Church as without this it's simply for total disappointment, corruption, relativism, impossible to create favorable conditions for the social inequality, spiritual apathy, fall of life of modern society. Therefore, nowadays it spirituality and spiritual and moral regress. The becomes increasingly clear that an important lack of morality, unity, civil society carries a factor in the development of theological science danger to the existence of man, produces a sharp in Ukraine is the establishment of a dialogue of social division of society, total decline in the level the social doctrine of the Church and public of personal, social and national security of the administration. state. Conclusions and perspectives of further . Bibliography: 1. Гавриїл (Я. В. Кризина), архім.; Діонісій Мартишин, прот. Соціальне служіння Православної Церкви в умовах викликів сучасного світу: монографія / Я. В. Кризина, Д. С. Мартишин. Київ: ДП «Вид. дім «Персонал», 2018. 254 с. 2. Гавриїл (Я. В. Кризина), єп.; Діонісій Мартишин, прот. Вступ до православної теології: Посібник. – 2-ге вид., перероб. І допов. / Я. В. Кризина, Д. С. Мартишин. Київ: ДП «Вид. дім «Персонал», 2019. 296 с. 3. Дмитрій (Рудюк), митрополит. Юрій Мицик, протоієрей. Київські митрополити XVII–XVIII ст. / худож.-оформлювач Л. П. Вировець. Харків: Фоліо, 2018. 121 с. D. Martyshyn 194 International Journal of New Economics, Public Administration and Law, № 1 (3) 2019

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