J J.  F et al., Notes on Chondrostega in the Iberian Peninsula Notes on the biology, distribution and of Chondrostega L, 1857 in the Iberian Peninsula with a description of the southern Spanish Chondrostega escobesae sp. nov. (: , Chondrosteginae)

●J J.  F, Y M L­, C‚ A‚„ A & R‡ V‚

Abstract. Spanish populations of Chon- Resumen. Consideraciones sobre la Zusammenfassung. Von spanischen drostega L   , 1857 are examined biología, distribución y taxonomía de Populationen der Gattung Chondrostega based on external and internal morphol- Chondrostega L   , 1857 en la pe- L   , 1857 werden äußere und inne- ogy as well as molecular data from the nínsula ibérica, con la descripción de re morphologische Merkmale wie auch mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase sub- Chondrostega escobesae sp. nov. del molekulare Datensätze der mitochond- unit I gene (COI). According to relevant sur de España (Lepidoptera: Lasio- rial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene diagnostic features and genetic differen- campidae, Chondrosteginae) (COI) untersucht und ausgewertet. Die tiation, two species with allopatric dis- Se realiza una revisión taxonómica de las Diagnose belegt die Existenz zweier al- tribution are recognized within the Ibe- poblaciones españolas de Chondrostega lopatrisch wie auch genetisch getrennter rian Peninsula. Andalusian populations, L   , 1857, a partir del estudio de Arten auf der Iberischen Halbinsel. Po- here described as Chondrostega escobesae caracteres morfológicos internos y exter- pulationen Andalusiens werden als sp. nov., are compared to the closely re- nos, así como del gen mitocondrial cito- Chondrostega escobesae sp. nov. beschrie- lated Chondrostega vandalicia (M , cromo oxidasa subunidad I (COI). Aten- ben und mit ihrer Schwesterart Chond- 1865), which is limited to the northern diendo a características diagnósticas rostega vandalicia (M , 1865) ver- half of the Iberian Peninsula. They can relevantes, el género se divide en dos glichen, deren Verbreitung sich auf die be recognized by largely constant mor- especies alopátridas en la península ibé- Nordhälfte der Iberischen Halbinsel be- phological features such as a different rica. Las poblaciones presentes en Anda- schränkt. Beide Arten sind anhand kon- pattern on the underside of the wings of lucía se describen aquí como Chondros- stanter morphologischer Unterschiede the male, adult male genital structure, tega escobesae sp. nov. y son comparadas wie der verschieden ausgeprägten Hin- different structure of the canthus and the con Chondrostega vandalicia (M , terflügelzeichnung, der männlichen Ge- colour of hairs in the final instars. Phy- 1865), limitada a la mitad norte de Ibe- nitalstruktur, der Form des Canthus und logenetic analyses based on COI identify ria. Estas especies pueden ser diferencia- der deutlich voneinander abweichenden the two species as sister clades with a das a partir de varias características Färbung erwachsener Raupen unter- minimum genetic divergence of 3.8 %. como la existencia de un patrón diferen- scheidbar. Die Auswertung der DNA- Adults, including the apterous females, te en el reverso de las alas de los machos, Barcoding ergibt einen DNA-Sequenz- immature stages, larval host and la estructura genital masculina, diferen- unterschied des mtDNA Cytochromoxy- natural habitat are described and illus- te estructura del canthus y la coloración dase-I-Gens (COI) zwischen nord- und trated. A neotype is designated for C. de la pilosidad de los últimos estadios südspanischen Tieren von mindestens vandalicia. larvarios. El análisis filogenético basado 3,8 %. Der Beitrag liefert Beschreibungen en el COI muestra las dos especies como und Abbildungen der Imagines ein- clados hermanos con una divergencia schließlich des apteren Weibchens, der genética del 3.8 %. Se describen e ilus- letzten Präimaginalstadien, Wirtspflan- tran los adultos de ambos sexos, estadios zen und Lebensräume. Für C. vandalicia inmaduros, plantas nutricias de las oru- wird ein Neotypus designiert. gas y varios hábitats. Se designa además un neotipo para C. vandalicia.

Key words. Lepidoptera, Lasiocampoidea, Lasiocampidae, Chondrosteginae, Chondrostega, Iberian Peninsula, new species, neotype, taxonomy, Palaearctic region, DNA barcoding, mitochondrial DNA.

Introduction Chondrostega L   , 1857 is a complex western Asia, whereas Chondrostegoides persed populations. This is especially true of species and forms, rather difficult to A, 1905 is limited to southern for the Chondrostega vandalicia (M , classify, that is distributed from the south- Africa. Theaptery of Chondrostega females 1865) species group, one of the cases with ern Europe and North Africa to central and has presumably resulted in many dis- controversial taxonomy in this genus

195 Entomologische Zeitschrift · Schwanfeld ·  (  

(R   V  1978,  F   the adults. Based on these morphological preserved in absolute ethanol. Total W 1987, L  2006), which displays differences and mitochondrial DNA re- genomic DNA was extracted using Chelex scattered populations from the Iberian sults, we propose that C. vandalicia exists 100 resin, 100–200 mesh, sodium form Peninsula and over the entire Maghreb to in the northern half of the Iberian Penin- (Biorad), under the following protocol: the Levant. Absence of diagnostic charac- sula, while the Andalusian populations the tissue was introduced into 100 μL of ters both in genitalia and larval stages has represent a separate species, here de- Chelex 10 % and 5 μL of Proteinase K led to descriptions of a considerable num- scribed as Chondrostega escobesae sp. nov. (20 mg⁄mL) were added. The samples ber of taxa of uncertain validity, listed were incubated overnight at 55 °C and below: were subsequently incubated at 100 °C for Methods and materials 15 minutes. Samples were then centri- C. constantina A, 1894; C. pow- Morphologie and repositories fuged for 10 seconds at 3.000 rpm. A 655- elli O , 1912; C. tingitana P , Cleaned, stained genitalia were stored and bp fragment at the 5’ end of the mitochon- 1916; C. maghrebica  J, 1929 examined in 30 % ethanol, and slide- drial gene (COI) was amplified by poly- (described from populations of Morocco mounted in Euparal before being photo- merase chain reaction (PCR) using the and Algeria); C. zanoni T, 1922; C. graphed. primers UniLepF1 (5’-TAA TAC GAC TCA misuratana (K , 1939 (described CTA TAG GGA TTC AAC CAA TCA TAA from Libya); C. subfasciata K, 1830; C. Repository abbreviations are as follows: AGA TAT TGG AAC-3’) and UniLepR1 (5’- palaestrana S , 1891; C. fasciana BC – Barcode; CFM – Collection  F , ATT AAC CCT CAC TAA AGT AAA CTT S , 1891; C. longespinata A- München; CML – Collection M  CTG GAT GTC CAA AAA ATC A-3’), with , 1894; C. aurivillii P  , 1902; L , Logroño; GPdF – Genitalia dissec- universal T7 and T3 tails here highlighted C. goetschmanni S  , 1915; C. osthel deri tion  F ; IBEB – Institut de Biologia in bold.PCR was carried in 25-μL volumes P  , 1925; C. intacta G  , 1933; Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona; ID – containing: 14.4 μL autoclaved Milli-Q C. pauli G  , 1933; C. schwingenschussi Identifying number; MWM – Collection of water, 5 μL 5x buffer, 2 μL 25 mM MgCl2, Z  , 1933; C. elema W , 1941; Lepidopterological Museum W, Mu- 0.5 μL 10 mM dNTPs, 0.5 μL of each prim- C. brunneicornis W , 1944 (all de- nich; ZMHU – Museum für Naturkunde, er (10 μM), 0.1 μL Taq DNA Polymerase scribed from Levantine populations). Berlin (formerly Zoologisches Museum (Promega, 5U/μL) and 2 μL of extracted der Humoldt-Universität, Germany); ZSM DNA. The typical thermal cycling profile To test the validity of these taxa, further – Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, was: first denaturation at 92 °C for 60 s, research is essential and molecular data Munich. followed by five cycles of 92 °C for 15 s, may shed light on the extent of diversifica- 49 °C for 45 s and 62 °C for 150 s, and then tion among populations. It should be ex- Description and comparative diagnosis is by 35 cycles of 92 °C for 15 s, 52 °C for 45 s pressly mentioned here that due to lack of supplemented by biogeographical and and 62 °C for 150 s and a final extension at scientific verification we can not accept biological data concerning C. vandalicia 62 °C for 420 s. PCR products were purified the arbitrary taxonomic changes within and the new species C. escobesae. This in- and sequenced by Macrogen Inc. using the the Chondrostega group made by L  formation has been obtained as a result of T7 and T3 universal primers. Sequences (2006). This means that we still consider intensive observations of immature stages were edited and aligned using GENEIOUS C. vandalicia as non-conspecific with any and life history both in natural conditions PRO 6.0.5 created by Biomatters (http:// of the North African taxa. and captive breeding by Y. M. L., C. A. A. www.geneious.com/). A Neighbour-Join- and further supporting lepidopterologists ing (NJ) phylogenetic tree was obtained The Iberian populations of Chondrostega (see acknowledgements). The study of the using MEGA 6 (T et al. 2013), based have all been previously treated as belong- life-cycle was carried out in several loca- on p-distance and pairwise deletion. Node ing to C. vandalicia (M , 1865). tions in Iberia over a period of several supports were assessed through 100 boot- However, we show that the genital struc- years to the present day. strap pseudo-replicates. Sequences for two ture, canthus morphology and DNA se- lasiocampid species were obtained from quence data of the southern Spanish pop- GenBank and used as outgroup. Genetic ulations display considerable differences DNA Analysis distances between species are reported as compared to those in northern Spain. We analyzed the cytochrome c oxidase I minimum uncorrected pairwise distances, Furthermore, morphological differences (COI) mitochondrial marker for ten Chon- while intraspecific variation is reported as in male adults, as well as a significant dif- drostega specimens representing five pop- maximum uncorrected pairwise distances. ference in larval colour, suggest that two ulations in the Iberian Peninsula. DNA was geographically separate species exist, de- extracted from one leg removed from DNA extracts are stored at the IBEB. All spite the virtually identical appearance of dried specimens as well as from larvae studied specimens and samples, identifica-

Plate I Figs Š–Œ. Adult habitus of male C. escobesae sp. nov. – Š, Ž. Holotype, upperside (), underside (): Andalucía, Malaga (Ronda), Sierra de las Nieves, Puerto de los Pilones,  ­€ m, ­.IX.€„, C. A†‡ˆ†‰Š‡‡‹ leg. (DNA extraction code RVcoll. „V­€ ). ‘, Œ. Paratypes upperside (left), underside (right), same data as Fig.  (Fig. “: GPdF€„/­, Fig. „: DNA extraction code RVcoll. „V­€–). – Figs ’–Š“. Adult habitus of male C. vandalicia (M‰——‰˜™Š, š–­), upperside (left), underside (right): Spain, Castilla y León, Soria, Borobia [SW area of the Sierra del Moncayo], –£ m, £.VII.€„, Y. Mˆ†¥¦‡Š™‰ˆ & R. E¦©ˆª«¦ leg. (CFM) (Fig. ­: DNA extraction code RVcoll. „V­€). – Figs ŠŠ, ŠŽ. Chondrostega vandalicia (M‰——‰˜™Š, š–­), neotype male with labels, upperside (), underside (): Spain, Castilla y León, Ávila, Cerro de San Mateo, €€ m, UTM “€T UL­€, –.VIII.££­, F. A±²‰—¥™ leg. (CFM, MWM/ZSM). – Figs Š‘–Š’. Chondrostega vandalicia (M‰——‰˜™Š, š–­), male. – Š‘, ŠŒ. Castilla y León, Cembranos, š€– m, ­.VIII.€€–, Y. Mˆ†¥¦‡Š™‰ˆ cult. (CFM). Š’. Castilla y León, Soria, Borobia, –£ m, £.VII.€„, Y. Mˆ†¥¦‡Š™‰ˆ & R. E¦©ˆª«¦ leg. (CFM). – Figs Š”–Š•. Adult habitus of female C. escobesae sp. nov. – Š”–Š–. Andalucía, Jaén, Pico Jabalcuz, Los Villares, “€.IX.€€–. Š•. PT, same patria, –.VII.€€ , Y. Mˆ†¥¦‡Š™‰ˆ LŠ·† leg. et cult. (CDF).

196 J J.  F et al., Notes on Chondrostega in the Iberian Peninsula

197 Entomologische Zeitschrift · Schwanfeld ·  (   tion numbers (ID) listed below, are in the Spain, Andalucía, Jaén (Los Villares), Si- fer slightly from typical C. vandalicia (see collections of the authors: erra de Jabalcuz, Pico Jabalcuz, 1560 m, Figs 45–52). The slight differentiation of UTM 30S VG27, 13.III.2014, C. A - this population is unexpected, as the Mon- Chondrostega vandalicia: ID IBEB 14V502  leg. (CML). cayo range is very close to Almazán, but and ID IBEB 14V503: Spain, Castilla y Almazán shares COI haplotypes with the León, Soria, Borobia, 1169 m, UTM 30T more distant Antimio de Arriba (León) and WM91, 19.VII.2014, Y. M   R. Genetic results the larvae are also similar. E leg. (CFM). – ID IBEB 14V665, ID Molecular methods represent new tools IBEB 14V666 and ID IBEB 14V667: Cater- which are intensely improving the study Three C. escobesae samples sequenced dis- pillars each: Spain, Castilla y León, Soria, and view of taxonomy. Mitochondrial play the same COI haplotype, but the Almazán, 965 m, UTM 30T WL39, 6. DNA in particular proved to be a valuable fourth is notably diverged from them II.2014, O. M  leg. (CML). – ID IBEB character for highlighting cryptic diversi- (eigth base substitutions, 1.2 %), even if it 14V504: Spain, Castilla y León, Cembra- ty, which nevertheless needs to be corro- is from a population where the more com- nos, 806 m, UTM 30T TN80, caterpillar borated by independent data like nuclear mon haplotype was also found (Sierra de 8.IV.2006, F. J. G   leg., e. l. 5.VIII. markers, morphology or ecology. From the Jabalcuz, Los Villares, Jaén). Thus, it is 2006, Y. M  cult. (CFM). Sample COI phylogenetic tree (Tab. 1) we obtai- likely that substantial intraspecific varia- proved to be invalid for DNA study. – ID ned two clades, one corresponding to the bility will become evident when more IBEB 14V670 and ID IBEB 14V671: Cater- northern (Soria and León) and the other populations are studied, and a clearer pic- pillars each: Spain, Castilla y León, León, to the southern (Málaga and Jaén) popu- ture for the biogeographical history of the Antimio de Arriba, 858 m, UTM 30T TN81, lations. A deep minimum genetic diver- genus Chondrostegain the Iberian Penin- 22.IV.2014, D. L  leg., 5.VIII.2006, gence of 3.8 % between the two clades is sula may be obtained. Y. M  cult. (CML). – ID IBEB documented, which corresponds approxi- 14V505: Spain, Castilla y León, Ávila, mately to two to three million years of Neotype of Chonstrostega Cerro de San Mateo, 1100 m, UTM 30T isolation based on typical mitochon- vandalicia (M˜™™˜š, ›œžŸ) UL50, 26.VIII.1995, F. A leg. drial substitution rates (Q  et al. (CFM). Sample proved to be invalid for 2014). This result supports our hypothesis Annotations on the type locality of C. van- DNA study. regarding the existence of two Chondro- dalicia and the designation of a neotype. stega species in the Iberian Peninsula with Chondrostega escobesae: ID IBEB 14V507: allopatric distributions. The original description from M Holotype, Spain, Andalucía, Málaga (Ron- provides no clear information about type da), Sierra de las Nieves, Puerto de los Each clade displays some instraspecific locality of this species. In M only Pilones, 1750 m, UTM 30S UF16, 5. genetic variability. In fact, the two C. van- „Andalousie“ is mentioned. In particular it IX.2014, C. A  leg. (CFM, MWM/ dalicia specimens sequenced from the is stated that the caterpillars were “rappor- ZSM). – ID IBEB 14V506: Paratype, Spain, Moncayo region (Borobia population) dif- tés d´Andalousie” and that the new species Andalucía, Málaga (Ronda), Sierra de las fer lightly (one base substitution) from the was named as Bombyx vandalicia “pour Nieves, Puerto de los Pilones, 1750 m, rest. This suggests that this population has rappeler sa patrie”. The term vandalicia UTM 30S UF16, 5.IX.2014, C. A  become isolated from the rest restrela- (the geographical term „Vandalitien“, or leg. (CFM, MWM/ZSM). – ID IBEB 14V668 tively recently, which could also explain „Vandalucía“ in Spanish, is used in some and ID IBEB 14V669: Caterpillars each: why the larvae in this population also dif- older maps for Andalusia (H  1693).

Tab. Š. Neighbour Joining tree of Iberian Chonstrostega LŠ¸Š™Š™, š­ (Kimura  parameter, built with MEGA ­; cf. T¥»²™¥ et al. €€ . Only barcodes.

198 J J.  F et al., Notes on Chondrostega in the Iberian Peninsula

Figs Ž“–Ž’. Chondrostega escobesae sp. nov. Morphology of eggs (scanning electron micrographs). Ž“. Clutch. ŽŠ. Overall view. ŽŽ, Ž‘. View of the chorion http://www.google.de/url?source=transpromo&rs=rssf&q=//translate.google.com/community?source=all in different scales. ŽŒ, Ž’. Micro- pylar region. – Figs Ž”–Ž–. Eggclutches, Andalusia, Málaga (Ronda), Sierra de las Nieves, Puerto de los Pilones,  ­€ m, ­.IX.€„ (Figs –,  ) and –.III.€„ (Fig. š), leg. A†‡ˆ†‰Š‡‡‹ (CFM). Figs Ž•–‘Š. Female cocoon. Ž•. Closed. ‘“. Cocoon (opened) with female pupa (ventral view). ‘Š. As Fig. “€, pupa, distal part with cremaster, enlarged. – Fig. ‘Ž. Pales processioneae (R¥‡ÂŠª²™±, š„€), tachinid parasitic fly of C. escobesae sp. nov.

However, it seems that M made a  in 1886 in the same locality and were S  found. Because of the lack of mistake and the type material was actu- sent to S , who determined them type material and to make a comparison ally not from Andalusia. Indeed, V  as B[ombyx]. vandalicia (V  F - with C. escobesae sp. nov. possible, a male F  (1895) cites a letter he sent to  1893). On the basis of these specimens neotype of C. vandalicia is designated on S  where he explains that in a subsequent description was actually the basis of article 75 of the Code (ICZN April 1862 he found four caterpillars in La made by S  (1892: 258). 1999): Granja de San Ildefonso (Segovia). Speci- fied as similar to those of pavonia, No specimen from San Ildefonso exists in Neotype. `, “Spain, Castilla y Leon, Ávila, S  thought they were caterpil- the collection O. S  (in ZMHU), Cerro de San Mateo, 1100 m, UTM 30T lars of Saturnia isabellae (= Actias isabe- but one male and three females, labelled UL50, 26.VIII.1995, F. A leg.” (Figs lae). Two of those caterpillars were sent to „Castilia/Vazqu.“ and „Valladolid/1893, 11, 12). M , from which the species Bombyx V  “ respectively. Only in the P - vandalicia was described. The first male   collection (in ZMHU) was a caterpillar The neotype is deposited in the CFM adults were collected by V  F - from San Ildefonso 1899, prepared by (MWM in Zoological State Collection Mu-

199 Entomologische Zeitschrift · Schwanfeld ·  (   nich). The recognition of the neotype, bial palp short, decurved, extending up to times as long as that of the male, finely selected from a locality near the type local- vestiture of frons; scleotized canthus tri- biserrate; thinly ciliate; vertex, frons and ity is guaranteed by the colour illustration ple-pointed with an extra long middle lobe labial palps as in the male; proboscis atro- of the upper- and underside, as well as the (Figs 1–4, 16–19). phied; vestiture appressed, reddish brown. labels of this (Figs 11, 12). Thorax vestiture similar to that of the Thorax. Vestiture extremely furry, entire- head; legs reduced, as long as those of ly brownish ochre; tegulae extending be- male. Abdomen reddish-brown with fine, Chondrostega escobesae sp. nov. yond dorsum. Forewing length 12.9– short velvety hairs; tergites well scle- Holotype. `, Andalucía, Málaga (Ronda), 13.6 mm (mean 13.2 mm; n = 3), length/ rotized, ovipositor missing. Sierra de las Nieves, Puerto de los Pilones, width ratio averaging 2.1; ground colour 1750 m, UTM 30S UF16, 5.IX.2014, C. A- silky ochreous with a brown suffusion in Diagnosis. Considering the divergence in   leg. (CFM; MWM/ZSM, BC the subbasal area and along the costa; up- the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I DNA-N° IBEB 14V507; Figs 1, 2). per side same as underside. Hindwing gene (COI) between north and south Ibe- identical in colour to the forewing, but rian populations, in combination with Paratypes. 2 `, same locality and data as with a darker brownish curved median morphological differences, the species Holotype (GPdF2014/27, BC DNA-N° IBEB band on the underside. status for C. escobesae seems adequate. We 14V506; IBEB; Figs 3, 4); 8 `, same local- also conclude that the differences in the ity as Holotype, but 18.VIII, 2015, leg. Y. Abdomen. Same ground colour as the tho- male genitalia, relatively minor but nev- M  (CML); 1 `, Andalucía, Jaén, rax, ending in a bifid tuft. ertheless apparent, offer evidence to sup- Pico Jabalcuz, Los Villares, 1560 m, UTM port the division into various species. A 30S VG27, ex larva 26.VII.2014, C. A- Male genitalia. In C. vandalicia and C. esc- difference with regard to the shape of the   leg. et cult. (GPdF2014/28; IBEB; obesae sp. nov. highly simplified, with a uncus-tegumen-complex, mainly its ex- 1 ´ (Fig. 19) Andalucía, Jaén, Pico Jabal- fused uncus-tegumen-complex; uncus tremely concave flanks, the concave notch cuz, Los Villares, UTM 30S VG27, ex larva short, compressed, thickened; phallus on the apical end of the uncus, the sac- 16.VII.2007, Y. M  L  leg. et with bulbous basal portion; vesica not pro- culus and the phallus. cult. (CFM). nounced, not spiculate. Importantly, the canthus (frontal process Further evaluable material. 2 egg clutch- In Chondrostega vandalicia. Uncus strong- of the forehead), a character tradition- es (Figs 26, 27) from Andalucía, Málaga ly sclerotized, distally only slightly con- ally important for the taxonomy of the (Ronda), Sierra de las Nieves, Puerto de cave, chisel-shaped, not longer than the group, is different in these species: visibly los Pilones, 1750 m, UTM 30S UF16, width of the base, laterally straight, broad- longer and more obviously triple toothed 26.VII.2014, C. A  leg. (CFM, ly smoothly joined to the wide tegument. in C. vandalicia than in C. escobesae MWM/ZSM) plus some frozen larvae pre- Tegumen broadened proximally, some- sp. nov. (Figs 33–40). Despite the exter- served in absolute ethanol: Andalucía, what longer than wide, gnathos scle- nal similarity in colour and pattern, col- Jaén, Pico Jabalcuz, Los Villares, 1560 m, rotized, pointed triangular to elliptical. our differences between typical C. escobe- UTM 30S VG27, 13.III.2014, C. A- Valvae symmetrical, ligulate, with blunt sae sp. nov. and C. vandalicia appear to  leg. (CML) and Málaga (Ronda), tip. Vinculum broadly rounded; sacculus occur. Chondrostega escobesae sp. nov. is Sierra de las Nieves, Puerto de los Pilones, lanceolate. Phallus strongly curved, coe- largely distinguishable by the somewhat 1750 m, UTM 30S UF16, 26.III.2014, C. cum slightly enhanced, two fifth length of paler wing colouration and the more dif- Antonietty leg. (CML). the aedeagus, tapered distally (Figs 41, 42, fuse, less accentuated brownish subbasal see GPdF2014/25, GP2014/26). wing patterning. It should be noted, that Another egg clutch from Andalucía, Mál- older Chondrostega specimens tend to aga, Sierra de Almijara, Collado de los In Chondrostega escobesae sp. nov. (in dif- bleach out, which lightens the ground Carneros, Alhama de Granada/Canillas de ferential diagnosis to C. vandalicia) (Figs colour. Albaida, 1500 m, 19.VIII.2015, Y. M- 43, 44, see GPdF 2014/27, GPdF 2014/28).   L  leg. (CML). Uncus with a centred cuneiform notch dis- Finally, apart from intrapopulational di- tally, 1.5 times longer than the width of vergences in both species, we have found Etymology. The patronym acknowledges the base, bilaterally distinctly concave, a conspicuous colour difference between the merits of R E J , Lo- with intergradation to the twice as broad all the mature caterpillars of both species groño, for her entomological commitment tegumen. Tegumen on both sides curving that have been examined. Except for an in the documentation and conservation of and strongly concave, gnathos semicircu- unusual white larval morph in C. vandali- Spanish Lepidoptera, as well as her help lar. Vinculum relatively flat; sacculus slim- cia larvae, described and illustrated here in the study of this new species over many mer, more digitate. Phallus strongly for the first time, the larvae in this species years. curved, broader than in C. vandalicia; coe- are tangerine in colour. In contrast, final- cum extremely enhanced, one third length instar larvae of C. escobesae sp. nov. are Description. Male. Head. Vestiture dark of the aedeagus, tapered distally. Regard- pale yellow. ochraceous; antenna bipectinate, not cili- ing the structure of the abdominal ter- ate, longest rami 0,35 length of antenna; gites/sternites (Figs 41–44), no significant Variability. There are only a few speci- eye round, with stout bristles; vertex, frons and consistent difference is apparent. mens known and therefore the statements and labial palp furry, with long hairs; about variability are limited. Structurally, haustellum reduced and poorly scle- Female. Hypopterous and incapable of C. escobesae sp. nov. seems quite homoge- rotized, presumably non-functional; la- flight. Length ca. 20 mm; antennae 0.75 neous and there is only very little variation

200 J J.  F et al., Notes on Chondrostega in the Iberian Peninsula

Plate III Figs ‘‘–‘”. Chondrostega vandalicia (M‰——‰˜™Š, š–­). Head (frons) with canthus, same data as neotype (Fig. ). ‘‘. Ventral view. ‘Œ. Canthus, dorsal. ‘’. Canthus, lateral. ‘”. Canthus, lateral, enlarged. – Figs ‘¢–Œ“. Chondrostega escobesae sp. nov. Paratype, same data as Fig. . ‘¢. Canthus, ventral. ‘–. Canthus, dorsal. ‘•. Canthus, lateral. Œ“. Canthus, lateral, enlarged. – Figs ŒŠ–ŒŒ. Male genitalia (ventral view), phallus removed (lateral view) and ab- dominal sternites/tergites. ŒŠ, ŒŽ. Chondrostega vandalicia. ŒŠ. GPdF€„/­: Spain, Castilla y León, Soria, Borobia, –£ m, £.VII.€„, Y. Mˆ†¥¦‡Š™‰ˆ & R. E¦©ˆª«¦ leg. ŒŽ. GP€„/–: Spain, Castilla y León, Cembranos, š€– m, e. l. ­.VIII.€€–, Y. Mˆ†¥¦‡Š™‰ˆ cult. (CFM). Œ‘, ŒŒ. C. escobesae. sp. nov. Œ‘. GPdF€„/ , Paratype, same data as Fig. “. ŒŒ. GPdF€„/š: Andalucía, Jaén, Pico Jabalcuz, Los Villares, ­–€ m, ex larva –.VII.€„, C. A†‡ˆ†‰Š‡‡‹ leg. et cult. in both colour and size. One specimen brownish shade are previously only known November to April, while those of C. esc- tends to be paler with faint markings, ac- for C. vandalicia. obesae sp. nov. should probably should be cording to the infrasubspecific variety found up to May, as we found half-grown “ab.” pujoli F  , 1948 in C. vandali- Larva. Larvae are solitary from the first L3 larvae in late March (on 26th). Also on cia. Well-marked individuals with a instar; C. vandalica larvae are found from Jabaluz L3 to L5 caterpillars were col-

201 Entomologische Zeitschrift · Schwanfeld ·  (   lected early to mid-March. Although C. The larval foodplants of C. vandalicia are nillas de Albaida, UTM 30S VF18, egg vandalicia caterpillars can be found both mainly grass species such as Nardus stric- cluster 19.VIII.2015, Y. M  L  on the ground and perched on stems, C. ta, Festuca spp., aristatum leg. (CFM). escobesae sp. nov. larvae were always and other species belonging to the Poace- found feeding on low plants on the ground ae (F  1948), but also some from The Puerto de los Pilones (1750 m) is a at the base of sunlit grass tufts, never on other families such as Hypochaeris radi- mountain pass located near the town of the stems, feeding on low plants. They cata, Artemisia campestris, Cichorium en- Ronda, Málaga, in Sierra de las Nieves were more abundant in sunlit areas pro- divium (Asteraceae), Cytisus multiflorus, Natural Park (Figs 66–68) The park and tected from the wind by the angle of the Astragalus spp. (Fabacea) (C et al. its surroundings are situated in a moun- terrain rocks or shrubs. 2009), Raphanus spp., Capsella spp. (Bras- tain range of the same name, which is sicaceae), Plantago spp. (Plantaginaceae) formed mainly of metamorphosed lime- As previously mentioned, there are notice- or Thapsia garganica (Apiaceae). It is stone and marl. The locality lies at the able differences in the colouring of C. esc- worth noting that most of these foodplants limit between upper supra-Mediterranean obesae sp. nov. and C. vandalicia larvae. were reported in captivity. and oro-Mediterranean bioclimatic belts Both, when alarmed, curl themselves up in a high-precipitation zone (N  et al. to form a ring, so that the warning col- Chondrostega escobesae is polyphagous on 1991; C  et al. 1998). The vegeta- ouration of the hairs in this defence posi- various low plants. Most of the larvae in tion belongs to the Abieto pinsapo-Juni- tion becomes conspicuous. the Jabalcuz population were found feed- peretum sabinae P L  C - ing sheltered into Festuca scariosa (Poace-  association (P et al. 1998, C- Hairs and red verrucae of C. escobesae ae). Other low plants the larvae were ob-    P 1999), although larvae sp. nov. larvae of the two last instars are served feeding on are Verbascum gigan- are more common in pasture areas sur- more pronounced than in previous instars teum (Scrophulariaceae), Asphodelus. rounded by low thorny shrubs as Astra- (when they are translucent pale yellow). ramosus (Asphodelaceae), Erodium spp. galus nevadensis (Fabaceae), Bupleurum The colour of the soft hairs is mostly sil- (Geraniaceae) and Centaurea granatensis fruticescens subsp. spinosum (Umbelli- very white or yellowish in the last instar, (Asteraceae). In captivity, larvae showed ferae) and Erinacea anthyllis (Fabaceae), with subdorsal and lateral setae mixed in, an intense phototropism and became which are not predominant plants of this somewhat yellow subventrally and ven- highly active under direct sunlight. With association. trally. In contrast, caterpillars of C. van- respect to food plants, they accepted a va- dalicia are blackish, with the soft hairs riety of species not present in their original Jabalcuz peak (1614 m) is a mountain lo- dorsally and laterally, typically a rich yel- habitat such as Echium plantagineum (Bor- cated four kilometre southwest of the city lowish orange in the last instar, somewhat aginaceae), Plantago lanceolata, Plantago of Jaén, in the Sierra de Jabalcuz (Figs tangerine subventrally and ventrally. The lagopus (Plantaginaceae), Punica grana- 63–65). The area is composed of Jurassic tubercles are red and bear a tuft of short tum (Lythraceae), spp. (Salicace- and Cretacic calcareous materials, al- black bristles (see also G   A  ae), Lactuca virosa (Asteraceae) and sev- though the peak is of Jurassic origin only 1988, 2002). The last instar of the C. van- eral species of . (O 2003). As with the habitat at the dalicia larva is occasionally dichromatic. Puerto de los Pilones this site is also lo- Pupa. The chrysalis of C. escobesae is cated in the supra-Mediterranean biocli- In addition to the typical form already de- brown and is enclosed in a brown ovoid matic belt (see C    M  A- scribed, a creamy white morph has been cocoon, which consists of a single layer,   2004). At the summit, the vegeta- found twice and is illustrated here for the the larval setae remain attached. Pupation tion belongs to the Erinaceetosum-Anthyl- first time (Figs 53, 54). This white variant takes place on the surface of the ground, lidis sub-association within the Santolino- seems to appear occasinally within the usually within dead leaves and detritus, Salvietum oxyodonti association on the Cáceres-Toledo populations (A. B  or half buried into the ground. north face and the Campanulo-Festucetum and C. G   A , pers. comm.). scariosae association on the south face We know about two sightings, one from Ecology. We provide here the characteris- (F  L  et. al. 1984). Stunted Cáceres and another from an imprecise tics of the type locality Puerto de los Pi- Quercus ilex ssp. ballota occur sporadi- location in the province of Toledo, which lones (Málaga), the habitat in the Sierra cally, as a consequence of climatic adap- could refer to the northern limit between de Jabalcuz (Jaén), which should also be tion. The fact that the south-facing slpoes the two provinces, such that both oc- considered representative for this species, at the summit are used for grazing sheep curences may well belong to the same and as a result of investigation in 2015 has resulted in an increase of nitrophilous population. This colour form could be a another habitat in Andalucía, between species such as Asphodelus ramosus. genetic feature of C. vandalicia popula- Granada and Málaga provinces: Collado On this mountain Chondrostega escobesae tions in this region. de los Carneros, Alhama de Granada/Ca- is apparently restricted to the grassy, her-

Figs Œ’–Œ•. Comparative presentation of the adult larva, dorsal, lateral and ventral view. Œ’. Chondrostega vandalicia (typical form). Population Castilla y León, León, Antimio de Arriba, š­š m (see Figs ­ ––€). Œ”. Dto. (typical form). Population Castilla y León, Soria, Almazán, £–­ m. Œ¢. Dto. (slightly di- vergent). Population Castilla y León, Soria, Borobia, SW area of the Sierra del Moncayo,–£ m (see Figs –, –). Œ–. Chondrostega escobesae sp. nov. Po- pulation Jaén, Pico Jabalcuz, Los Villares, ­–€ m. Œ•. Dto. Population Malaga, Sierra de las Nieves, Puerto de los Pilones,  ­€ m. – Figs ’“–’Ž. Chon- drostega vandalicia. Adult larva, typical form. ’“: Castilla y León, Cembranos, š€– m, š.IV.€€–. ’Š. Malanquilla (Zaragoza), “.II.€ (foto A. M²™™‰¥ BŠ—‡™Ã†. ’Ž. Madrid, unknown date (foto C. G. ¸Š A‰ÂÅƙ²¥). – Figs ’‘, ’Œ. Chondrostega vandalicia. Adult larva on food-plant Hypochaeris, white form, Toledo (foto C. G. ¸Š A‰ÂÅƙ²¥). – Figs ’’, ’”. Chondrostega escobesae sp. nov. Adult larva. ’’. Málaga, Sierra de las Nieves, Puerto de los Pilones (Ron- da), –.III.€„ (see Figs ––––š). ’”. Jaén, Pico Jabalcuz, Los Villares š.II.€€– (see Figs –“––­).

202 J J.  F et al., Notes on Chondrostega in the Iberian Peninsula

203 Entomologische Zeitschrift · Schwanfeld ·  (   baceous habitat of the southern face, require relatively similar temperature and ovals, poles flattened, with little surface where there is snowfall almost every year rainfall conditions, they may show diver- sculpturing; micropyle blackish brown, and it is not steep. gent features of niche exploitation pattern ochreous, not becoming darker prior to on closer examination. Records for C. esc- hatching. Hatching takes place from late The Collado de los Carneros (1508 m) is obesae sp. nov. from the Sierra de las October to late November about 30–45 placed in the Sierra de Almijara, on the Nieves are the most southerly thus far re- days after oviposition. boundary between Granada and Málaga ported for the entire genus in the Iberian and inside the Sierras de Tejeda, Almijara Peninsula, as well as the highest locations Distribution. It must be strongly empha- y Alhama Natural Park.. It is a calcareous in this region, at 1750 metres above sea sized that the distributions of both species area where the habitat is located between level. are still insuficiently known. However, C. the meso-Mediterranean and supra-Med- escobesae appears to have evolved in geo- iterranean bioclimatic belts. The vegeta- Nevertheless, the lower altitudinal range graphical isolation in the southern half of tion belongs to the Cistoclusii-Ulicetum of C. escobesae sp. nov. in some parts of the Iberian Peninsula and evidently it does rivasgodayanii N  C  C - Andalusia is similar to that of C. vandalicia not interbreed with C. vandalicia.  association N  C , C - in the centre and north of the Iberian Pen-  T 1989), where the main plant insula. This is the case of several popula- The first well-documented populations of is Ulex parviflorus subsp. rivasgodayanus. tions in the province of Granada, which C. escobesae were reported from the Sierra The eggs cluster was found at the edge of are located at around 800 m.above sea de Parapanda and Sierra de Elvira (Gra- a pasture area where the most common level (P L  1993). The prevailing nada) (P L  1993, F   plants where Eryngium grosii (Apiaceae), bioclimatic belt in this zone is the dry G et al. 1999). Later its presence in Phlomis crinita subsp. malacitana (Lami- Meso-Mediterranean lower belt (R- the province of Jaén was published (M- aceae), Onobrychis sp. (Fabaceae), Lavan- M 2011), which makes these pop-   L  2007). Finally, M dula lanata (Lamiaceae) or Thymus baeti- ulations good candidates for further stud- G (2012) and L  -T et al. cus (Lamiaceae). The eggs were laid on ies to explore possible ecological differ- (2012) reported the presence of the spe- dried flower stem of this last species. ences. cies in Málaga. There is also an imprecise record from the Sierra Norte in the prov- It seems that the populations are strongly Ethology & biology. The life history and ince of Sevilla (G B & associated with bioclimatic belts at the up- the habitat requirements of the C. vandali- F  -R 1976) that, in the case per the supra-Mediterranean level and cia group have been only imperfectly as- of it being confirmed, would represent the above. The location of these belts, as with certained based solely on C. vandalicia oldest published record for C. escobesae. any bioclimatic zone, varies with latitude populations from the northern half of and altitude, with an inverse relationship Spain. The phenology of C. escobesae is not Although at present we do not have adult between these two parameters (R- substantially different from C. vandalicia. males from Granada, we tentatively as- M 2011). Thus, although the su- Chondrostega escobesae is a univoltine spe- sume that those Andalusian populations pra-Mediterranean bioclimatic belt is cies, taking approximately 9–10 months belong to this new species, and that it may mainly associated with mountain peaks in to develop from egg to pupa. Based on also occur in other places throughout southern areas, it is also found distributed current data, adult males are on the wing southern Spain. along steppes, plateaux or badlands from early August to mid-September. They around 1000 metres above sea level in are weak fliers, flying low over herbage By contrast, C. vandalicia is known from central and northern areas of the Iberian and hiding in short vegetation. In the stud- the northern and central Spanish prov- Peninsula. Both C. vandalica and C. escobe- ies carried out at the type locality at the inces. M initially indicated the Ebro sae sp. nov. mainly colonize this type of Puerto de los Pilones, male adults were River as the northern limit and the south herbaceous badland and steppe habitat. captured at light between 21.00 and of the province of Madrid as the southern However, the cold-temperate alpine bio- 23.00. The males were not directly at- limit for the species. There are references topes in which the Iberian endemic C. es- tracted to light bulbs or UV tubes, but re- published in magazines and pictures on cobesae sp. nov. can be found, do not cor- mained in the trap surroundings. It is not the Internet confirming its presence in the respond with those that C. vandalicia usu- known whether they are also active at provinces of Ávila, Zamora, León, Burgos, ally occupies. The latter is not a montane dusk and at dawn. Salamanca, Segovia, Valladolid, Madrid, species in the strict sense. It is present Cáceres, Castellón, Zaragoza, Cuenca, predominantly in a zone between 700 and The female arrange their eggs close- Teruel and Guadalajara (M 1100 metres. We know of just one higher ly coiled around plant stems, mainly on F  1893, 1895; F  1948; locality, at 1500 metres above sea level at the upper parts of the tallest plants, pre- G  B  F  -R the Puerto de Malgagón (San Lorenzo del dominantly non-host plants. Most of them 1976; G-B 1981; G   Escorial, Segovia). were found on the flower stems of Bupleu- A  1988; 2002; M 1990; rum fruticescens ssp. spinosum (Apiaceae) P   G  et al. 2001; N et This means that, although both C. van- or Helichrysum serotinum (Asteraceae). al. 2002; J et al. 2008; B  dalica and C. escobesae sp. nov. probably The eggs (Figs 20–25) are fairly elongated 2008, 2014; M-B  2012; M-

Figs ’¢–”Ž. Habitats of Chondrostega vandalicia (M‰——‰˜™Š, š–­). ’¢–”“. León, Antimio de Arriba, š­š m, .IV.€„ (foto D. L¥Å²Š†‡Š), (Fig. –€ inset shows the larva enlarged). ”Š, ”Ž. Soria, Borobia, SW area of the Sierra del Moncayo, –£ m, .II.€„. – Figs ”‘–”–. Habitats of C. escobesae sp. nov. ”‘–”’. Jaén, Pico Jabalcuz, Los Villares, ­–€ m, –.III.€€­ (Fig. ­„) and “.III.€„ (Figs ­­, ­–). ””–”–. Málaga (Ronda), Sierra de las Nieves, Puerto de los Pilones,  ­€ m (type locality), –.III.€„ (Figs ­ , ­š) and ­.IX.€„ (Fig. ­£).

204 J J.  F et al., Notes on Chondrostega in the Iberian Peninsula

205 Entomologische Zeitschrift · Schwanfeld ·  (  

  J 2013). We also provide with electron micrographs. T   F- F  , A. 1948. Contribución al conocimien- data from Soria, confirming its presence , Potes and M C , Faringdon, to de la biologia del lasiocámpido Chondrostega in all provinces of the autonomous region we thank for linguistic improvements. vandalusica M. (Lepidóp. Heteróc.), y des- cription de una forma nueva. Revista de la Real of Castilla y León. In addition, C. vandali- D  M and A Madrd, for- Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales cia has been reported from northern and est guards from the Diputación de Jaén 42: 117–121. central Portugal (Parque Biológico de Vin- and the Sierra de las Nieves Natural Park F  L  , C., C M , A.,  hais, Trás-os-Montes near Morais, Serra respectively, helped us to access the study G€ T, R. 1984. Vegetación natural de da Gardunha) (M   1903; C et areas. We would like to thank the Electron Jabalcuz-La Pandera (Jaén). Blancoana 2:17– 37. al. 2009). Microscopy Service from CITIUS centre, F   G, F. J. (Coord.), B  R, University of Seville, Spain, in whose in- J. M., C G, F. M., F  S , Parasitoids. Chondrostega spp. larvae are stallations were taken the electron micro- E., F   C  V , J., G- often parasitized by tachinid flies and Ucle- graphs illustrated in this work, and espe-  C  , G., G  G  , C. R., sia fumipennis is known as a host of C. cially the laboratory technicians A  H  D, M., M A, vandalicia (F  1948). Chonstro- F  , C V  and J J., P L  , F. J., R   M , J. M. & V  P , A. 1999. Lepidópteros de An- stega escobesae larvae are parasitized by M S, for the support and guid- dalucía. II parte - Lasiocampidae, Bombycidae, Pales processioneae (R , 1840) ance given in the SEM field. Finally we Lemoniidae y . Boletín de la Sociedad (Fig. 32). Pales spp. lay microtype eggs wish to thank the Consejería de Medio Entomológica Cordobesa, Suplemento 7: 41–89. that are swallowed by the caterpillar dur- Ambiente de la Junta de Andalucía and G-B, E. 1981. Citas nuevas o de interés ing feeding. The parasite–host relation- Consejería de Medio Ambiente de la Junta para la provincia de Guadalajara. SHILAP Revi- ship between Pales processioneae and the de Castilla y León for providing the authors sta de Lepidopterología 9:289–290. G R , O.; P L , A.; C - genus Chondrostega L . has never previ- with the necessary licenses to carry out the , B.; N F  , D. & C , G. ously been reported. field work. Funding for this research was 2004. Vegetación del Parque Natural de las provided by the Spanish Ministerio de Sierras Tejeda, Almijara y Alhama (Málaga-Gra- Acknowledgements. The authors thank Economía y Competitividad (Project CGL nada, España). Acta Botánica Malacitana 29: O M  I, Logroño, P  2013-48277-P). 117–190 G   A , C. 1988. Biologia y morfolo- M G  , R  C   C- gia de las orugas. Tomo VI: Syssphingidae-Satur- , L E, S Á , Literature niidae-Endromidae-Lasiocampidae-Drepani- J  D , all from Soria, who sup- dae-Thyatiridae-Notodontidae-Hypsidae. Boletin plied breeding material from the Almazán A , A. U. E. 1933. Handbuch für den praktischen de Sanidad Vegetal, fuera de serie no 12 : 248 pp. locality (Soria, Spain). For habitat photos Entomologen, Vol. 4,. 180 pp. Verlag des Inter- G   A , C. 2002. Orugas y mariposas nationalen Entomologischen Vereins, Frankfurt and caterpillars from Antimio de Arriba, de Europa, Tomo IV, Heterocera. 237 pp. Editado am Main [C. vandalicia M. S. 10]. Organismo Autónomo Parques Nacionales, Ma- León we thank D L  P, B  , A. 2008. Nuevos datos sobre la fauna drid. Logroño, and for her help in field work for de Macroheterocera de la provincia de Cáceres G  B, M. R. & F  -R, F. searching for caterpillars in Borobia (So- (España) V (Insecta: Lepidoptera). – SHILAP 1976. Mariposas de la Península Ibérica, He- ria) B  J F (Logroño). Revista de Lepidopterología 36 (142): 155–172. teróceros I Vol III”. Servicio de Publicaciones del We are grateful to E  Á B  , A. 2014. Análisis de la información Ministerio de Agricultura, Madrid. conocida sobre los lepidópteros de Cáceres (Es- M B  , Aineto, Huesca, Spain H , J.[, sic!], 1693. Kurtze Fragen aus paña), con aportación de nuevos datos. Arqui- der alten und neuen Geographie. G , for providing a caterpillar photo from vos Entomolóxicos 11: 3–130. Leipzig, 2. Auflage, 762 S. + [63] Bl. Zaragoza and for indicating the Moncayo C , B.  P , A. 1999. Notas sobre la ICZN [International Commission on Zoological habitat. J A G-A, vegetación de Andalucía I. Acta Botánica Mala- Nomenclature] 1999. International Code of Madrid, sent us some specimens from citana 24: 247–256. Zoological Nomenclature, fourth edition, adopt- Ávila, captured by F  A (†), C , B., P L , A. V., N, P., ed by the International Union of Biological Sci- G, Y.  N, D. 1998. Parque Natural de la ences. London (International Trust for Zoo- one of which has been labelled as the neo- Sierra de las Nieves, Cartografía y Evaluación de logical Nomenclature, BMNH), xxix + 306 pp. type. Á  M G, Málaga, la Flora y Vegetación, Memoria 1998. 367 pp. Available in the WWW under www.iczn.org/ sent us some caterpillars from Málaga. Edición Departamento de Biología Vegetal de iczn/index.jsp. J  P L  , Huelva, sent us some la Universidad de Málaga. J, J. A., G  V. A. & C , A. literature and shared with us locations C , F. V., M, E., M, E., 2008. Adiciones al catálogo de la fauna de P , P.  C, J. P. 2009. New and inte- from Granada. C G   A - lepidópteros de Zamora, con nuevos registros resting Portuguese Lepidoptera records from de heteróceros para Castilla y León (España) , Madrid sent us the white C. van- 2008 (Insecta: Lepidoptera)). SHILAP Revista (Lepidopera). Boletín Sociedad Entomológica dalicia larvae morph pictures from his de Lepidopterologia 37 (148). 463–484. Aragonesa 42: 257–260. archive, and Á  B  , Cáceres, C    M    2004. Modelos de L , P. 2006. Lasiocampidae. S. 66–87 in. informed us about the presence of this Restauración Forestal. Vol I. Datos Botánicos Moths of Europe, Vol. 1. 396 pp. N. A. P. Editions, white morph in the north of Cáceres. M- aplicados a la gestión del medio natural andaluz Verrières le Buisson. I: Bioclimatología y Biogeografía. Junta de An-  C , Faringdon, Great Britain, and L  -T, J., O  , R.  H, P. J. dalucía. Seville. ISBN: 84-95785-97-8. 2012. Nuevas aportaciones al conocimiento de W­ S   (ZSM), have been  F , J. J.  W, T. J. 1987. Die Bombyces la distribución de Chondrostega vandalicia (M- helpful in tracing literature, H-P   und Sphinges der Westpalaearktis (Insecta, Lepi-  , 1865) (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae); T, State Museum of Natural doptera) Vol. 1 (Nolidae, Arctiidae, Syntomidae, primiera cita para la provincia de Málaga (An- History Stuttgart, Germany, determined Dilobidae, Lymantriidae, Notodontidae, Thau- dalucia, España). Boletín Sociedad Andaluza de the Tachinid parasites, W­ M metopoeidae, Thyretidae, Axiidae, Drepanidae, Entomología (SAE) 19: 75–78. Thytiridae, Bombycidae, Brahmaeidae, Endro- M, R. 1990. Atlas provisional de los lepidó- (ZMHU), provided data of the O. S- midae, Lasiocampidae, Lemoniidae, Saturniidae, pteros heteróceros de la provincia de Valladolid  -collection, R G   , Sphingidae). 708 pp., 47 Farbtafeln. Edition (4a Parte). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología Munich Technical University, supported Forschung & Wissenschaft, München. 18 (72). 348.

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Erratum In the paper “The identity of Euphitrea B , 1875 and redescription of Euphi- trea carinata (B , 1954) nov. comb. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Galeruc- inae)” in Entomologische Zeitschrift 125 (3): 175–179 (B   2015) the name listed with Fig. 5 should be Euphitrea carinata (B , 1954). The name that was incorrectly given with this figure, Euphitrea manfredi sp. nov., is to be re- garded a “nomen nudum” with no taxo- nomic validity.

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