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A Combinatorial Game Theoretic Analysis of Chess Endgames
A COMBINATORIAL GAME THEORETIC ANALYSIS OF CHESS ENDGAMES QINGYUN WU, FRANK YU,¨ MICHAEL LANDRY 1. Abstract In this paper, we attempt to analyze Chess endgames using combinatorial game theory. This is a challenge, because much of combinatorial game theory applies only to games under normal play, in which players move according to a set of rules that define the game, and the last player to move wins. A game of Chess ends either in a draw (as in the game above) or when one of the players achieves checkmate. As such, the game of chess does not immediately lend itself to this type of analysis. However, we found that when we redefined certain aspects of chess, there were useful applications of the theory. (Note: We assume the reader has a knowledge of the rules of Chess prior to reading. Also, we will associate Left with white and Right with black). We first look at positions of chess involving only pawns and no kings. We treat these as combinatorial games under normal play, but with the modification that creating a passed pawn is also a win; the assumption is that promoting a pawn will ultimately lead to checkmate. Just using pawns, we have found chess positions that are equal to the games 0, 1, 2, ?, ", #, and Tiny 1. Next, we bring kings onto the chessboard and construct positions that act as game sums of the numbers and infinitesimals we found. The point is that these carefully constructed positions are games of chess played according to the rules of chess that act like sums of combinatorial games under normal play. -
Kolov LEADS INTERZONAL SOVIET PLAYERS an INVESTMENT in CHESS Po~;T;On No
Vol. Vll Monday; N umber 4 Offjeitll Publication of me Unttecl States (bessTederation October 20, 1952 KOlOV LEADS INTERZONAL SOVIET PLAYERS AN INVESTMENT IN CHESS Po~;t;on No. 91 POI;l;"n No. 92 IFE MEMBERSHIP in the USCF is an investment in chess and an Euwe vs. Flohr STILL TOP FIELD L investment for chess. It indicates that its proud holder believes in C.1rIbad, 1932 After fOUl't~n rounds, the S0- chess ns a cause worthy of support, not merely in words but also in viet rcpresentatives still erowd to deeds. For while chess may be a poor man's game in the sense that it gether at the top in the Intel'l'onal does not need or require expensive equipment fm' playing or lavish event at Saltsjobaden. surroundings to add enjoyment to the game, yet the promotion of or· 1. Alexander Kot()v (Russia) .w._.w .... 12-1 ganized chess for the general development of the g'lmc ~ Iway s requires ~: ~ ~~~~(~tu(~~:I;,.i ar ·::::~ ::::::::::~ ~!~t funds. Tournaments cannot be staged without money, teams sent to international matches without funds, collegiate, scholastic and play· ;: t.~h!"'s~~;o il(\~::~~ ry i.. ··::::::::::::ij ); ~.~ ground chess encouraged without the adequate meuns of liupplying ad· 6. Gidcon S tahl ~rc: (Sweden) ...... 81-5l vice, instruction and encouragement. ~: ~,:ct.~.:~bG~~gO~~(t3Ji;Oi· · ·:::: ::::::7i~~ In the past these funds have largely been supplied through the J~: ~~j~hk Elrs'l;~san(A~~;t~~~ ) ::::6i1~ generosity of a few enthusiastic patrons of the game-but no game 11. -
2009 U.S. Tournament.Our.Beginnings
Chess Club and Scholastic Center of Saint Louis Presents the 2009 U.S. Championship Saint Louis, Missouri May 7-17, 2009 History of U.S. Championship “pride and soul of chess,” Paul It has also been a truly national Morphy, was only the fourth true championship. For many years No series of tournaments or chess tournament ever held in the the title tournament was identi- matches enjoys the same rich, world. fied with New York. But it has turbulent history as that of the also been held in towns as small United States Chess Championship. In its first century and a half plus, as South Fallsburg, New York, It is in many ways unique – and, up the United States Championship Mentor, Ohio, and Greenville, to recently, unappreciated. has provided all kinds of entertain- Pennsylvania. ment. It has introduced new In Europe and elsewhere, the idea heroes exactly one hundred years Fans have witnessed of choosing a national champion apart in Paul Morphy (1857) and championship play in Boston, and came slowly. The first Russian Bobby Fischer (1957) and honored Las Vegas, Baltimore and Los championship tournament, for remarkable veterans such as Angeles, Lexington, Kentucky, example, was held in 1889. The Sammy Reshevsky in his late 60s. and El Paso, Texas. The title has Germans did not get around to There have been stunning upsets been decided in sites as varied naming a champion until 1879. (Arnold Denker in 1944 and John as the Sazerac Coffee House in The first official Hungarian champi- Grefe in 1973) and marvelous 1845 to the Cincinnati Literary onship occurred in 1906, and the achievements (Fischer’s winning Club, the Automobile Club of first Dutch, three years later. -
Top 10 Checkmate Pa Erns
GM Miguel Illescas and the Internet Chess Club present: Top 10 Checkmate Pa=erns GM Miguel Illescas doesn't need a presentation, but we're talking about one of the most influential chess players in the last decades, especially in Spain, just to put things in the right perspective. Miguel, so far, has won the Spanish national championship of 1995, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2004, 2005, 2007, and 2010. In team competitions, he has represented his country at many Olympiads, from 1986 onwards, and won an individual bronze medal at Turin in 2006. Miguel won international tournaments too, such as Las Palmas 1987 and 1988, Oviedo 1991, Pamplona 1991/92, 2nd at Leon 1992 (after Boris Gulko), 3rd at Chalkidiki 1992 (after Vladimir Kramnik and Joel Lautier), Lisbon Zonal 1993, and 2nd at Wijk aan Zee 1993 (after Anatoly Karpov). He kept winning during the latter part of the nineties, including Linares (MEX) 1994, Linares (ESP) Zonal 1995, Madrid 1996, and Pamplona 1997/98. Some Palmares! The ultimate goal of a chess player is to checkmate the opponent. We know that – especially at the higher level – it's rare to see someone get checkmated over the board, but when it happens, there is a sense of fulfillment that only a checkmate can give. To learn how to checkmate an opponent is not an easy task, though. Checkmating is probably the only phase of the game that can be associated with mathematics. Maths and checkmating have one crucial thing in common: patterns! GM Miguel is not going to show us a long list of checkmate examples: the series intends to teach patterns. -
Final Report to Fide on Activities of Jersey Chess Club 2019 Further To
Final Report to Fide on activities of Jersey Chess club 2019 Further to our interim report there has been little movement in chess activity in Jersey but we have the following updates; 1 Chess Teacher Training course Paul Wojciechowski attended and passed the course held in London on 2 and 3 December 2019. 2 Schools chess Chess clubs have commenced at Rouge Boiliion School and St Lawrence school and Paul Wojciechowski is assisting in teaching the children at those schools. Each school has approximately 20 participants. 38 Children played in our final tournament of the year held on Sunday 24 November 2019. The numbers were down on the previous years but we anticipate these improving following the starting of clubs in the schools mentioned above Key performance indicators We have attached appendix C updated with comments on what we have achieved against the key performance targets. We are pleased to announce that we have met those targets and look forward to improving chess within our Island In 2020. We have received acceptances from 4 Grand Masters 2 WGMs and $ International Masters for our tournament to be held at 28 March to 4 April and are still looking to invite more Titled players especially WGMs or WIMs. We would appreciate your assistance in finding some of these players. Report to Fide on activities of Jersey Chess club 2019. Polar Capital Jersey International Tournament held on 6th to 13 April 2019 Report on the Polar Capital Jersey International chess Tournament 2019 held at the Ommaroo Hotel 6th to 13th April 2019 The Jersey Open and Holiday tournaments were held at the Ommaroo Hotel on the above dates. -
Chess Openings
Chess Openings PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Tue, 10 Jun 2014 09:50:30 UTC Contents Articles Overview 1 Chess opening 1 e4 Openings 25 King's Pawn Game 25 Open Game 29 Semi-Open Game 32 e4 Openings – King's Knight Openings 36 King's Knight Opening 36 Ruy Lopez 38 Ruy Lopez, Exchange Variation 57 Italian Game 60 Hungarian Defense 63 Two Knights Defense 65 Fried Liver Attack 71 Giuoco Piano 73 Evans Gambit 78 Italian Gambit 82 Irish Gambit 83 Jerome Gambit 85 Blackburne Shilling Gambit 88 Scotch Game 90 Ponziani Opening 96 Inverted Hungarian Opening 102 Konstantinopolsky Opening 104 Three Knights Opening 105 Four Knights Game 107 Halloween Gambit 111 Philidor Defence 115 Elephant Gambit 119 Damiano Defence 122 Greco Defence 125 Gunderam Defense 127 Latvian Gambit 129 Rousseau Gambit 133 Petrov's Defence 136 e4 Openings – Sicilian Defence 140 Sicilian Defence 140 Sicilian Defence, Alapin Variation 159 Sicilian Defence, Dragon Variation 163 Sicilian Defence, Accelerated Dragon 169 Sicilian, Dragon, Yugoslav attack, 9.Bc4 172 Sicilian Defence, Najdorf Variation 175 Sicilian Defence, Scheveningen Variation 181 Chekhover Sicilian 185 Wing Gambit 187 Smith-Morra Gambit 189 e4 Openings – Other variations 192 Bishop's Opening 192 Portuguese Opening 198 King's Gambit 200 Fischer Defense 206 Falkbeer Countergambit 208 Rice Gambit 210 Center Game 212 Danish Gambit 214 Lopez Opening 218 Napoleon Opening 219 Parham Attack 221 Vienna Game 224 Frankenstein-Dracula Variation 228 Alapin's Opening 231 French Defence 232 Caro-Kann Defence 245 Pirc Defence 256 Pirc Defence, Austrian Attack 261 Balogh Defense 263 Scandinavian Defense 265 Nimzowitsch Defence 269 Alekhine's Defence 271 Modern Defense 279 Monkey's Bum 282 Owen's Defence 285 St. -
The Indian Trail Chess Club
The Indian Trail Chess Club Scholastic chess has enjoyed explosive growth in recent years and has shed its reputation as a game only for intellectuals. Beyond the sheer pleasure of playing, studies have shown that chess improves academic performance, concentration, logical thinking, and social skills. The Indian Trail Chess Club will re-open on Wednesday, Sept. 11th and continue until May 13th. The club is open to those in grades K-5 and will meet once a week on Wednesday afternoons from 3:20 pm to 5 pm at Indian Trail, in the small gym/lunchroom. Parents and caregivers will conveniently be able to pick up students using the side door (A3). Club parent volunteer coordinators are Jane Evans and Lara Leaf. Both are long-time Highland Park chess parents whose children are strong players. Eli Elder and Sawyer Harris, two of the strongest high school players on the North Shore, head our coaching staff. Indian Trail Chess Club since opening in 2007 has won 28 team trophies at state championship events. Members are not required to attend every session and may leave early. Attendance will be taken and parents should specify in writing any variations from full-time attendance. (Additional procedures are spelled out in the Club Handbook.) Although members may join the club at any time during the school year, beginners are encouraged to attend regularly during the first few months for introductory lessons. Lessons will run 45 minutes (from 3:45-4:30pm), and members are expected to attend lessons when they are offered. The remainder of each session will be devoted to play. -
A GUIDE to SCHOLASTIC CHESS (11Th Edition Revised June 26, 2021)
A GUIDE TO SCHOLASTIC CHESS (11th Edition Revised June 26, 2021) PREFACE Dear Administrator, Teacher, or Coach This guide was created to help teachers and scholastic chess organizers who wish to begin, improve, or strengthen their school chess program. It covers how to organize a school chess club, run tournaments, keep interest high, and generate administrative, school district, parental and public support. I would like to thank the United States Chess Federation Club Development Committee, especially former Chairman Randy Siebert, for allowing us to use the framework of The Guide to a Successful Chess Club (1985) as a basis for this book. In addition, I want to thank FIDE Master Tom Brownscombe (NV), National Tournament Director, and the United States Chess Federation (US Chess) for their continuing help in the preparation of this publication. Scholastic chess, under the guidance of US Chess, has greatly expanded and made it possible for the wide distribution of this Guide. I look forward to working with them on many projects in the future. The following scholastic organizers reviewed various editions of this work and made many suggestions, which have been included. Thanks go to Jay Blem (CA), Leo Cotter (CA), Stephan Dann (MA), Bob Fischer (IN), Doug Meux (NM), Andy Nowak (NM), Andrew Smith (CA), Brian Bugbee (NY), WIM Beatriz Marinello (NY), WIM Alexey Root (TX), Ernest Schlich (VA), Tim Just (IL), Karis Bellisario and many others too numerous to mention. Finally, a special thanks to my wife, Susan, who has been patient and understanding. Dewain R. Barber Technical Editor: Tim Just (Author of My Opponent is Eating a Doughnut and Just Law; Editor 5th, 6th and 7th editions of the Official Rules of Chess). -
Checkmate: a Chess Program for African-American Male Adolescents
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Journal of Multicultural Education Vol. 11, No. 1 International Journal of Multicultural Education 2009 Checkmate: A Chess Program for African-American Male Adolescents Mikhail Korenman International Educational and Cultural Services U. S. A. Tamara Korenman St. Xavier University U. S. A. Elena Lyutykh Northern Illinois University, Dekalb U. S. A. This investigation looked at the influence of a chess program on adolescents’ attitudes towards schooling at an alternative charter school in a high-risk urban context. Participants included school administrators, subject teachers, and 15 chess players, all of whom were African American male students from low- income backgrounds. Interview data revealed that the game of chess had a positive impact on the adolescents’ attitudes toward schooling in a number of ways by: (1) engaging these adolescents in interactions with a supportive school professional, (2) having the students socialize in a violence-free environment, and (3) providing students with opportunities to explore life beyond their neighborhood. Playing Chess to Beat the Odds The School and the Chess Program Participants and Research Procedures Findings Discussion and Implication References Educators often fail to recognize the complexity of teaching students in socially marginalized neighborhoods because they simply perceive inner-city schools as places with many disadvantages caused by cultural poverty. When educators and researchers do not take into account the cultural experiences that students bring from their homes to their classrooms, the meaning of schooling becomes foreign to the students and to their parents. Ignorance of the values cherished by the community creates a conflict, which in turn results in students’ disengagement from schooling and in high dropout rates (Murray & Naranjo, 2008). -
October, 2007
Colorado Chess Informant YOUR COLORADOwww.colorado-chess.com STATE CHESS ASSOCIATION’S Oct 2007 Volume 34 Number 4 ⇒ On the web: http://www.colorado-chess.com Volume 34 Number 4 Oct 2007/$3.00 COLORADO CHESS INFORMANT Inside This Issue Reports: pg(s) Colorado Open 3 Jackson’s Trip to Nationals 11 CSCA Membership Meeting Minutes 22 Front Range League Report 27 Crosstables Colorado Open 3 Membership Meeting Open 10 Pike’s Peak Open 14 Pueblo Open 25 Boulder Invitational/Chess Festival 26 Games The King (of chess) and I 6 Membership Meeting Open Games 12 Pike’s Peak Games 15 The $116.67 Endgame 20 Snow White 24 Departments CSCA Info. 2 Humor 27 Club Directory 28 Colorado Tour Update 29 Tournament announcements 30 Features “How to Play Chess Like an “How to Play Chess Like an Animal” 8 Cutting Off the King 9 “How to Beat Granddad at Checkers” 11 Animal”, written by Shipp’s Log 18 BrianPage Wall 1 and Anthea Carson Colorado Chess Informant www.colorado-chess.com Oct 2007 Volume 34 Number 4 COLORADO STATE Treasurer: The Passed Pawn CHESS ASSOCIATION Richard Buchanan 844B Prospect Place CO Chess Informant Editor The COLORADO STATE Manitou Springs, CO 80829 Randy Reynolds CHESS ASSOCIATION, (719) 685-1984 INC, is a Sec. 501 (C) (3) [email protected] Greetings Chess Friends, tax-exempt, non-profit edu- cational corporation formed Members at Large: Another Colorado Open and to promote chess in Colo- Todd Bardwick CSCA membership meeting rado. Contributions are tax- (303) 770-6696 are in the history books, and deductible. -
The Chess Players
Rollins College Rollins Scholarship Online Master of Liberal Studies Theses 2013 The hesC s Players Gerry A. Wolfson-Grande [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.rollins.edu/mls Part of the Fiction Commons, Leisure Studies Commons, and the Modern Literature Commons Recommended Citation Wolfson-Grande, Gerry A., "The heC ss Players" (2013). Master of Liberal Studies Theses. 38. http://scholarship.rollins.edu/mls/38 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by Rollins Scholarship Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master of Liberal Studies Theses by an authorized administrator of Rollins Scholarship Online. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Chess Players A Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Liberal Studies by Gerry A. Wolfson-Grande May, 2013 Mentor: Dr. Philip F. Deaver Reader: Dr. Steve Phelan Rollins College Hamilton Holt School Master of Liberal Studies Program Winter Park, Florida The Chess Players By Gerry A. Wolfson-Grande May, 2013 Project Approved: ______________________________________ Mentor ______________________________________ Reader ______________________________________ Director, Master of Liberal Studies Program ______________________________________ Dean, Hamilton Holt School Rollins College Acknowledgments I would like to thank several of my MLS professors for providing the opportunity and encouragement—and in some cases a very long rope—to apply my chosen topic to -
CHESS How to Play Chess: Rules and Basics
CHESS By Mind Games How to Play Chess: Rules and Basics It's never too late to learn how to play chess - the most popular game in the world! Learning the rules of chess is easy: Step 1. How to Setup the Chessboard At the beginning of the game the chessboard is laid out so that each player has the white (or light) color square in the bottom right-hand side. The chess pieces are then arranged the same way each time. The second row (or rank) is filled with pawns. The rooks go in the corners, then the knights next to them, followed by the bishops, and finally the queen, who always goes on her own matching color (white queen on white, black queen on black), and the king on the remaining square. Step 2. How the Chess Pieces Move Each of the 6 different kinds of pieces moves differently. Pieces cannot move through other pieces (though the knight can jump over other pieces), and can never move onto a square with one of their own pieces. However, they can be moved to take the place of an opponent's piece which is then captured. Pieces are generally moved into positions where they can capture other pieces (by landing on their square and then replacing them), defend their own pieces in case of capture, or control important squares in the game. How to Move the King in Chess The king is the most important piece, but is one of the weakest. The king can only move one square in any direction - up, down, to the sides, and diagonally.