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Fremveksten Av Offshoreskipsfarten På Vestlandet 1970-2010

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Fremveksten Av Offshoreskipsfarten På Vestlandet 1970-2010 Fremveksten av offshoreskipsfarten på Vestlandet 1970-2010 Mastergradsoppgave i historie Institutt for arkeologi, historie, kultur- og religionsvitenskap Universitetet i Bergen Våren 2020 Svein Johan Hasund Kollen 1 Forord Først av alt vil jeg takke mine veiledere Camilla Brautaset og Stig Tenold for god veiledning, konstruktive og klare tilbakemeldinger og gode perspektiver som dere har gitt. Uten dere ville denne masteroppgaven aldri ha blitt til. Jeg vil også rette en takk til Dag Bakka som har hjulpet meg langt på vei i kartleggingen av temaet, samt gode og interessante samtaler. Til de fem personer jeg har intervjuet under dette forskningsprosjektet vil jeg rette en stor takk for deres nyttige bidrag til å oppklare temaet med interessant informasjon og perspektiver. En takk til sjøfartsmuseet som har gitt meg tilgang til kildematerialet under «coronatiden» som har vært. For korrekturlesning vil jeg først og fremst gi en takk til masterseminaret «På tvers av grenser». Jeg vil også rette en takk til Anders, Emilia, Henning, Nicholas, Sebastian og Simen for korrekturlesning og gode kommentarer. Videre vil jeg også takke familie og venner for god støtte under denne henkiske pereioden. Ved siden av oppgaven og livet ellers vil jeg først og fremst takke kjære Lucie, som har støttet meg gjennom hele prosessen med forksningsprosjektet. Jeg vil også takke familie og venner for støtte. Svein Johan Hasund Kollen Bergen, Juni 2020. 2 Abstract This master thesis examines how the offshore shipping in the western part of Norway has developed from 1970 to 2010. Since the offshore shipping is contained by many different shipowning actors. Of this reason the thesis will explain how the actors in the offshore shipping made it through the period within the offshoremarket. The thesis will also investigate how the development in the four maritime regions that the western part consists of. This will be explained through the segments that the offshore shipping consists of. The offshore shipping is a part of the offshore sector, and is also a kind of shipping that does different kind of services for the oil industry and more often for wind warm projects in the last decade. After the oil discovery in December 1969 several actors from the shipping business entered the offshore shipping. Between 1970 and 2010 the development in this shipping branch has been tremendous. Maybe the most interesting change that happened in the Norwegian offshore shipping was the change in the geographical structure. From being based in different parts of Norway, the offshore shipping became strongly based in the Western Part of the country. In the last decade, from 2000 to 2010 the offshore shipping in the western part has experienced an enormous expansion, both in size and territory, where the actors developed their businesses in foreign offshoremarkets around the globe. Despite the significant growth and importance the offshore shipping have been for the norwegian shipping, it have been little attention in the historical research litterature. By this reason there have been big opportunities to fill out the holes in the historical sience of this topic. 3 Innholdsfortegnelse Kapittel 1 Introduksjon ........................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Fremveksten av en ny skipsfartsgren ............................................................................................... 6 1.2 Tema, problemstilling og avgrensing ............................................................................................... 7 1.3 Forskningens status .......................................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Begrepsavklaring ............................................................................................................................ 10 1.4.1 Utviklingen av OSV fra 1970-2010: Kort fortalt ........................................................................ 12 1.5 Fremgangsmåte .............................................................................................................................. 13 1.6 Kildetilfang ..................................................................................................................................... 14 1.6.1 Tallmaterialet ............................................................................................................................... 14 1.6.2 Skriftlige Kilder ........................................................................................................................... 14 1.6.3 Muntlige Kilder ............................................................................................................................ 16 1.7 Oppgavens oppbygging ................................................................................................................... 17 Kapittel 2: Offshoreskipsfarten på Vestlandet 1970-2010 .................................................................. 19 2.1 innledning ....................................................................................................................................... 19 2.2 Fremveksten av den norske oljevirksomheten mellom 1962 og 1970 ........................................... 19 2.3 Fra tradisjonell skipsfart til offshoreskipsfart ............................................................................... 21 2.4 Fra fiskeri til offshoreskipsfart ...................................................................................................... 23 2.5 Vestlandet, offshoreskipsfartens nye tyngdepunkt ........................................................................ 24 2.6 Konkluderende perspektiver ........................................................................................................... 26 Kapittel 3. Offshoreskipsfartens utvikling i lys av markedet på Vestlandet mellom 1970 og 2010 ... 28 3.1 Innledning....................................................................................................................................... 28 3.2 Utviklingen av nisjemarkedene i et regionalt perspektiv ............................................................... 29 3.2.1 Utviklingen av nisjemarkedene i lys av den vestlandske offshoreflåten .................................... 29 3.2.2 Stavangerregionen ....................................................................................................................... 31 3.2.3 Haugalandsregionen ................................................................................................................... 36 3.2.4 Bergensregionen .......................................................................................................................... 42 3.2.5 Møre og Romsdal ......................................................................................................................... 50 3.3 Hva kan forklare utviklingen i nisjemarkedene? .......................................................................... 56 3.3.1 Dominansskiftet i standby: fra Misje til Møkster ....................................................................... 56 3.3.2 Aktørenes vekst og fall i supplymarkedet .................................................................................... 59 3.3.3 Aktørenes utvikling i seismikk- og subsea markedet. ................................................................. 62 3.4. Konkluderende perspektiver .......................................................................................................... 64 Kapittel 4. Utviklingen av eierstruktur og finansiering av den vestlandske offshoreskipsfarten fra 1970-2010 .............................................................................................................................................. 66 4.1 Innledning....................................................................................................................................... 66 4.1.1 Selskapsformene .......................................................................................................................... 67 4 4.1.2 Finansiering av skip: Forholdet mellom rederi, skipsverft og långiver .................................... 71 4.2 Utviklingen av eierstruktur mellom 1970 og 2010 ........................................................................ 71 4.2.1 Utviklingen i bruk av selskapsformer ......................................................................................... 72 4.2.2 Skattereformen og dens innvirkning .......................................................................................... 76 4.2.3 Fra A/S til ASA: Børsnotering som et finansielt ekspansivt virkemiddel.................................. 77 4.2.4 Offshorerederiene ekspanderer i utenlandske markeder ........................................................... 80 4.3 Investorene og bankene som finansiell drivkraft .......................................................................... 83 4.3.1 Fiskerinæringen som kapitalkilde .............................................................................................. 83 4.3.2 Viktige bidrag fra bankene .......................................................................................................... 84 4.3.3 Valutalån: et vinnings- eller tapsprosjekt? ................................................................................. 88 4.4 Konkluderende perspektiver ..........................................................................................................
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