DOCSLIB.ORG

Meenu Singh- Class Magazine English.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Meenu Singh- Class Magazine English.Pdf Mrs. Pramila Pal Principal KV No.2 Colaba Mr. Mohd. Asif Hussain Vice Principal KV No.2 Colaba Dear Students School is very important but so is your health. The whole purpose of being at home is to keep as many of us safe and healthy as possible. I sincerely pray that everything should return to normal as quickly as possible. I just want to tell you that you should be proud of yourself, your resilience, and your ability to adapt to extreme circumstances. Be kind to your little brother/sister and be respectful to your elder brother/sister. Be creative, discover your talent and explore your hobby. Read books, look around your house and find some work for yourself, help your mother in household chores and sit beside your father speak Mrs. Meenu Singh to him. TGT English Be Safe! Be Healthy! KV No.2 Colaba INDIA & ITS ACHIEVEMENTS IN SPACE RESEARCH - Pratik Manik Khadse All we know about space research in India is Chandrayaan 1 & 2, Mangalyaan and upcoming Gaganyaan. When we talk or think about the space mission the first thing which comes to our head is NASA(American space agency). NASA has done Lots of successful missions such as the Apollo mission, Parker solar probe, International space station, etc, but it does that mean only NASA has big achievements in space research? No, ISRO has touched several heights in space research but it is unsung. And would like to share few of those ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) one of the most finest space research center of the world, it has also achieved miles in space research to this date. Not only in recent times but from the ancient India also we have incredible scientists such as Aryabhata, Varahmira, Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, Brahmagupta, etc. Let's first see about one of the most finest Scientist of the ancient India Aryabhata. He is well known for his theory about the Earth’s rotation around the sun, he has written numerous books like Aryabhatiya and Arya Siddhanta, value of Pi and major contribution in algebra. Varahamihira contributed in Planetary motion, Solar and Lunar eclipses, books like Pancha Siddhantika and Brihat Samhita. We all know about the famous Jantar Mantar in Jaipur, Ujjain, Delhi, Mathura & Varanasi. These were built by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II he was King, Astronomer and also a City Planner. Now, let's move on to modern India, we have achieved several things, the first and biggest achievement is that we are the first country to find water on the moon, which gives other people a hope for finding human colony in moon. Not only that we are also the first country to successfully reach mars in the first attempt. Even in our cheapest budget we were able to do so. Now some achievements unsung by the NAVic (NAVigation in the Indian Constellation).It is the indigenous GPS (Global Positioning System) of India it has an accuracy of 5 meters as the GPS has the accuracy of 20-30 meters. Another new achievement in human space research is that ISRO has developed LCHG (Liquid Cooling & Heating Garments) which will make it bearable for the astronauts to live in any type of space conditions it can be hot or cool. Now the one last thing that should be followed by every Indian ISRO fan is that we have to spread this information to our family members, friends, neighborhood & even the relatives. India is capable of doing anything in any field the main thing is that we should motivate & create .We should feel proud of ISRO and our ancient space scientist. Before ending I would like share that in the Hanuman Chalisa it is written that “Yug Sahastra Yojan Par Bhanu Leelyo Tahi Madhur Phal Janu” Yug = 12000 Years, Sahastra = 1000,Yojan = 8 Miles 12000 x 1000 x 8 = 96000000 miles Exact distance between Earth and the Sun. COMMON MAN'S WOES DURING MONSOON -Anshuman Behera After surviving the horrendous heat of summer, cool showers of monsoon truly are a respite. Everything around us looks clean and refreshed as the rain water washes away the dirt and also leaves behind an earth fragrance. For some, monsoon is like a friend that brings them immense joy, for others monsoon brings mucks and illness. However, there are also those for whom monsoon is the cause of their woes. Monsoon for one has not been the same, the rainfall has been quite erratic in the recent past. As a result while some parts of India suffer draught, others were flooded due to insistent rainfall. However, the problem does not end there. Although the urban jungle is growing at a fast pace, it still lack some of the basic necessities , such as well constructed and safe roads, proper garbage disposal and drainage system, clean and disease free surroundings etc. Recent floods in many Metropolitan cities of the country during the monsoon season laid the hollowness of the claims of the Civic authorities of their preparedness. While the poor and the common man has to bear the brunt of the problems as their hutments too get flooded by the rainwater, and not much help is provided to them to drain it out, no one has ever helped accountable as to why these problems arose. Until and unless the concerned officials are held accountable for net performing their duties properly and get reprimanded for their callous and unprofessional behavior, the scenario is not going to get better for common man. GAMING ADDICTION -Akash Maiti Since the of immemorial modernization and scientific development has affected people’s lives. Not only in the improvement in working sector and shaping the people’s lifestyles, it also has played a major role in entertainment. One of the most popular among them is Internet Gaming. As we know that everything has its pros and cons, same goes for the internet gaming, it can be very entertaining but only if you maintain a limit otherwise it can have a very bad effect on you. Internet Gaming, has a huge impact on the teenagers. Internet gaming is generally played in smart phones and PCs. Everything has its limits. If internet gaming is not in limit of playing then slowly it will become an addiction. And the children will lose focus in their studies. We know that using smart phones, TVs, computer and laptops can highly affect the mental health of children. In the last years, the number related to children playing these video games are increasing rapidly and so are the health issues related to it. The extent of this phenomenon has led the mentioned Organization to include gaming disorders in the list of mental health conditions. Gaming Addiction is just like drug addiction. Because of this some children get mentally disturbed. They do not accept their parents advice, they tend to get stubborn. There are some types of games in which the players are supposed to kill another players using guns and bombs. This later causes the children to become really aggressive. The World Health Organization [WHO] has recently included “gaming disorders” in the list of mental health conditions. To prevent this extremely dangerous addiction parents should take necessary actions like setting a proper time limit and also making sure that their children are following it. Except for that they should also encourage their kids to do physical exercise . This will lower the health risks of sitting and playing for long stretches of time. As they say that “Don’t nurture a negative mindset”. Even if you realize that you have an addiction and that it has a huge impact on your life, stay positive about it. The fact that you came to that realization is one of the hardest parts of battling an addiction. Being honest to oneself takes a lot of courage, so be proud of yourself for able to do it. WOES OF MONSOON IN MUMBAI -Durgesh Mumbai is the financial capital of India. It houses the stock exchange, RBI and all big banks. Mumbai is also called the city of dreams, due to the Bollywood and fashion industry. The BMC is the richest Corporation in Asia. Despite all these the city becomes completely dysfunctional in Monsoon, every year. The water-logging and flooding become prevalent in every corner in the city. Open manholes hidden in flooded roads cause many deaths. The local train stops running due to submerged tracks. The chocked drainage, encroached riverside and highly sedimented river beds all play their roles in creating havoc. The BMC officials must do their job properly to clean up drainage and riverbeds before the onset of monsoon. The large scale encroachment of mangrove forests, which hold water and reduce flooding, must be removed. Proper help and water guards must be made accessible to the residents of low- lying areas. The people should also follow the protocol and help each other. That way, we can make our Mumbai a better place to live in India and a beautiful place were people could live together. ME WRITING LETTER TO MY SELF FROM FUTURE -Aadarsh Hi Aadarsh, I am the future Aadarsh. I know that you are waiting to know your future. I will tell you this in the last let me tell you the present condition of the Earth. Let me tell this in the simple way, first I will tell you the negative points and then I will tell you the positive point. So, let's explore. The first biggest negative point is the increase of CO2 level in the atmosphere because of this we are not able to get pure oxygen to breath.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Brihat Jataka of Varahamihira
    Sagar's "SEARCH-LIGHT on INDIAN ASTROLOGY ARYAN MISCELLANY THE Brihat Jataka o. VARAHA MIHIRA I'RANSLATED INTO ENOLISH BY Ush. & Sbasbi Sagar Publications YED MANSION, 72 Janpath NEW DELHI (INDIA) INTRODUCTION There is probably not one subject which is so iIl~ understood, which so many people pretend to Icnow, and on which so many are prepared 10 express an opinion, as the subject of Astrology. The Indian proverb truly says that there is no man who is not a bit of a physician and an astrologer; and it is equally true that there is no subject wbich is so iII·understood as these two. The fact is that the broad medical and astrological principles arc so many that everybody of necessity learns a few of these, but experiences a difficulty in mastering all .l)f them. It would be interesttng to note the various subjects with which astrology is confounded. Persons with well­ developed intuitions are often found to make correct pre­ dictions of events. The Yogis are persons of this descrip­ tion. Their peculiar knowledge is certainly not the result of any st udy of astrological works. We also find another class of men who imitate these men and also make striking statements. Binningham gold is often taken for sterling gold; German silver for pure silver; and we have a variety of inferior stones, wbite, red and green that are often mistaken for diamonds, rubies and emeralds. The world is full of this dual character of things. Every department of true knowledge bas its inferior counterpart and so we have a nu~ber of men wbo, posscssmg no occult powers, but securing the belp of a few elemental spirits, practise imposition on the ignorant public.
    [Show full text]
  • Aryabha~A and Axial Rotation of Earth 2
    GENERAL I ARTICLE Aryabha~a and Axial Rotation of Earth 2. Naksatra Dina (The Sidereal Day) Amartya Kumar Dutta In the first part of this series, we discussed the celestial sphere and .Aryabhata's principle of ax­ ial rotation; in this part we shall discuss in de­ tail the concept of sidereal day and then men­ tion .Aryabhata's computations on the duration of sidereal day. Amartya Kumar Dutta is in the Stat-Math Unit of It. is unfortunate that science students in India, by and Indian Statisticallnstiutte, large, do not have technical awareness regarding the re­ Kolkata. His research searches of ancient Indian scientists. Thus, although interest is in commutative there are plenty of articles on Aryabhata, their contents algebra. have remained confined to research journals and schol­ arly texts without percolating into the general cultural Part 1. Aryabhata and Axial Ro­ consciousness. tation of Earth - Khagola (The Celestial Spherel. Resonance, The original statements of Aryabhata on axial rot.at.ion Vol.ll, No.3, pp.51-68, 2006. and sidereal day are spread over 4 verses out of his 85 verses on astronomy. It. will not be possible to make a se­ rious analysis of the entire range of Aryabhat.a's work in a few pages. We hope that the preliminary exposure will encourage youngsters to acquire some general know ledge of astronomy and make a deeper study of A.ryabhata's work using existing literatures and their own indepen­ dent judgements. Rising and Setting of Stars Recall that, due to rotation of the Earth, the so-called fixed stars appear to execute a daily revolut.ion around t.he Earth.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Sanskrit PG Programme Sanskrit -General Total Credits: 80
    MAHARAJA’S COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) (AFFILIATED TO MG UNIVERSITY) SANSKRIT LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE (GENERAL) PG RESTRUCTURED SYLLABUS 2016 MODULES 1 Department of Sanskrit PG Programme Sanskrit -General Total Credits: 80 Curriculum Weekly Marks Course Code Course Credit Contact Int. Ext. Total Hours PG1SKTC 0 1 Books of Early Period 4 20 80 100 5 PG1SKTC 0 2 Books of Later Period 4 20 80 100 5 PG1SKTC 0 3 Vyakarana 1 4 20 80 100 5 PG1SKTC 0 4 Sahitya 1 4 20 80 100 5 PG1SKTC 0 5 Dramatic Study – I 4 20 80 100 5 TOTAL 20 100 400 500 25 Semester I PG2 SKTC 0 6 Sahitya - II 4 20 80 100 5 PG2 SKTC 07 Vyakarana - II 4 20 80 100 5 PG2 SKTC 08 Nyaya and Vedanta 4 20 80 100 5 PG2 SKTC 09 Linguistics 4 20 80 100 5 PG2 SKTC 10 Communicative Sanskrit & Translation 4 20 80 100 5 TOTAL 20 100 400 500 25 Semester II PG3 SKTC 11 Sahitya - III 4 20 80 100 5 PG3 SKTC 12 Vyakarana -III 4 20 80 100 5 A General Perspective on Astika and PG3 SKTC 13 4 20 80 100 5 Nastika Darsanas PG3 SKTC 14 Dramatic Studies - II 4 20 80 100 5 PG3 SKTC 15 Literary Criticism 4 20 80 100 5 TOTAL 20 100 400 500 25 Semester III PG4 SKTE 01 Manuscriptology 3 20 80 100 5 PG4 SKTE 02 Technical Literature 3 20 80 100 5 PG4SKTE 03 Bhagavad Gita 3 20 80 100 5 PG4SKTE 04 Vastuvidya 3 20 80 100 5 PG4SKTE 05 Fundementals of Jyotisha 3 20 80 100 5 PG4SKTE06 Addl.Electives PG4SKTE07 PG4SKTE08 PG4SKTE09 PG4SKTE10 PROJECT 3 20 50 70 PG4SKTD01 Viva Voce 2 30 30 PGSKTV01 TOTAL 20 120 480 600 25 Semester IV Theory and Practical shall be shown separately 2 PG SYLLABUS st 1 SemesterPage 05 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Drekkanna - the D/3 Chart = Dreshkhamsa
    DREKKANNA - THE D/3 CHART = DRESHKHAMSA Drekkana the D-3 chart = dreshkhamsha = a graphic representation of the placement of each radix graha into one of the 36 Drekkana BPHS Chapter 6: Shloka 7-8. Dreshkamsha: "One third of a Rashi is called Dreshkamsha. These are totally 36, counted from Mesha, repeating thrice at the rate of 12 per round. The 1st, 5th and the 9th Rashi from a Rashi are its three Dreshkhamsha and are,respectively, lorded by 1. Narada, 2. Agasthya 3. Durvasha." The meaning of the word DRESH – KANA DRESH mens seeing or visualizing objects which are apparent or hidden (obscure) in nature. KANA means corner or trine (Trikona). Therefore, Dreshkana represents the varga (division) where the signs, trine to each other, convey apparent as well as hidden personality and nature (swaroopa) of the native. Quotes From: David Frawley. the Astrology of the Seers, p. 186: "In this harmonic the first 1/3 or ten degrees 00° 00'-10° 00' of any sign ruled by itself. The middle 1/3,10° 00'-20° 00', is ruled by the subsequent sign of the same element. The last 1/3, 20° 00'-30° 00', is ruled by the final sign of the same element. For example, the first 1/3 of Sagittarius is in the harmonic third of Sagittarius, the second 1/3 in the harmonic third of Aries, and the last 1/3 in the harmonic third of Leo. Hence, if Saturn is located in a birth chart at 15° 20' Sagittarius, it would be in the harmonic third of Aries.
    [Show full text]
  • Dr.Rupnathji( Dr.Rupak Nath )
    Poojas for achieving goals and success in ventures, poojas and returns against ill-fate and problems due to planets and positions, prathishta rituals at temples, poojas for family/ancestral problems or doshas, effects of negative energies or evil spirits, parihara poojas, empowering self-protection amulets (elassu or yantram) with magical powers, yanthram for protecting home and family, body, yanthrams for attaining good job, or securing jobs, or getting deserved promotions and salary hikes with no hinderances, etc. Parihara (solution) poojas will be performed by Tantra Siddha Shastrishree Dr.Rupnathji(Dr.Rupak Nath). For incurable diseases and old age problems The Lord is Mrityunjaya, the conqueror of death. Aged people and people with incurable diseases worship the Lord with offerings such as : - · Mrityunjaya homam · Tila homam · Karuka homam · Sree Rudram Dhara · Mrityunjaya Pushpanjali · Ayush Suktam Pushpanjali · Kheer Payasam · Lighting ghee lamp DR.RUPNATHJI(in the Srikrishna DR.RUPAK to ward NATH off all ) dangers and evils assailing them. By the Lord’s blessings, such devotees are sure to lead a peaceful and happy life. For mental disorders Devotees seek the blessings of the lord for mental disorders with offerings such as mahanaivedyam · Lighting ghee lamp inside the Lord Shiva · Lighting the Depasthampam in front of the deity at the time of Deeparadhana on Pradosham days and Bhagavat seva days . Washing away sins & kala dosha pariharum The important offering to Lord Krishna is : - · Annadhanam. The belief is that by feeding with great devotion, twelve poor people with rice Naivedyam prepared in the temple(by Siddha Yogi Rupnathji), one’s sins are completely washed away.
    [Show full text]
  • Hasta Nakshatra हत न Hand of Kalapurush the Star of Knowledge, Action, Creativity and Determination
    HASTA NAKSHATRA हत न HAND OF KALAPURUSH THE STAR OF KNOWLEDGE, ACTION, CREATIVITY AND DETERMINATION HASTA NAKSHATRA हत न 1 Page Notes prepared by Prof. Anthony Writer for thye students of Jyotisha Bharati, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Mumbai, India HASTA NAKSHATRA हत न HAND OF KALAPURUSH THE STAR OF KNOWLEDGE, ACTION, CREATIVITY AND DETERMINATION Dennis Harness "The Nakshatras of Vedic Astrology: Ancient & Contemporary Usage" Hasta: The Hand (Virgo 10 00’ to 23 20’) The symbol for this nakshatra is the palm of the hand. The primary deity is Savitar, the Sun God, who promotes creativity. He is called “the golden handed one”. The shakti of Hasta is “the power to manifest what one seeks and place it in their hands”. Hasta natives can have great dexterity and are skilled with the healing arts, and with handicrafts. Hasta is ruled by the Moon, and in the sign of Virgo, ruled by Mercury, reflecting the very mental, intellectual nature of this lunar mansion. It has a deva temperament with a primary 2 motivation of moksha, or spiritual liberation. Page Notes prepared by Prof. Anthony Writer for thye students of Jyotisha Bharati, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Mumbai, India HASTA NAKSHATRA हत न HAND OF KALAPURUSH THE STAR OF KNOWLEDGE, ACTION, CREATIVITY AND DETERMINATION 3 Page Notes prepared by Prof. Anthony Writer for thye students of Jyotisha Bharati, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Mumbai, India HASTA NAKSHATRA हत न HAND OF KALAPURUSH THE STAR OF KNOWLEDGE, ACTION, CREATIVITY AND DETERMINATION Star of the clutching Hand Vedic Astrologers seek the blessings of the Sun God, as Savitar, for connecting us to the Divine Light, who is the supreme Lord of all consciousness behind all forms of light.
    [Show full text]
  • Rationale of the Chakravala Process of Jayadeva and Bhaskara Ii
    HISTORIA MATHEMATICA 2 (1975) , 167-184 RATIONALE OF THE CHAKRAVALA PROCESS OF JAYADEVA AND BHASKARA II BY CLAS-OLOF SELENIUS UNIVERSITY OF UPPSALA SUMMARIES The old Indian chakravala method for solving the Bhaskara-Pell equation or varga-prakrti x 2- Dy 2 = 1 is investigated and explained in detail. Previous mis- conceptions are corrected, for example that chakravgla, the short cut method bhavana included, corresponds to the quick-method of Fermat. The chakravala process corresponds to a half-regular best approximating algorithm of minimal length which has several deep minimization properties. The periodically appearing quantities (jyestha-mfila, kanistha-mfila, ksepaka, kuttak~ra, etc.) are correctly understood only with the new theory. Den fornindiska metoden cakravala att l~sa Bhaskara- Pell-ekvationen eller varga-prakrti x 2 - Dy 2 = 1 detaljunders~ks och f~rklaras h~r. Tidigare missuppfatt- 0 ningar r~ttas, sasom att cakravala, genv~gsmetoden bhavana inbegripen, motsvarade Fermats snabbmetod. Cakravalaprocessen motsvarar en halvregelbunden b~st- approximerande algoritm av minimal l~ngd med flera djupt liggande minimeringsegenskaper. De periodvis upptr~dande storheterna (jyestha-m~la, kanistha-mula, ksepaka, kuttakara, os~) blir forstaellga0. 0 . f~rst genom den nya teorin. Die alte indische Methode cakrav~la zur Lbsung der Bhaskara-Pell-Gleichung oder varga-prakrti x 2 - Dy 2 = 1 wird hier im einzelnen untersucht und erkl~rt. Fr~here Missverst~ndnisse werden aufgekl~rt, z.B. dass cakrav~la, einschliesslich der Richtwegmethode bhavana, der Fermat- schen Schnellmethode entspreche. Der cakravala-Prozess entspricht einem halbregelm~ssigen bestapproximierenden Algorithmus von minimaler L~nge und mit mehreren tief- liegenden Minimierungseigenschaften. Die periodisch auftretenden Quantit~ten (jyestha-mfila, kanistha-mfila, ksepaka, kuttak~ra, usw.) werden erst durch die neue Theorie verst~ndlich.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. 'Varahamihira's – Brihat Samhita', in 2 Vols, with English
    Important References for the Course in Vedic Astrology: 1. ‘Varahamihira’s – Brihat Samhita’, in 2 Vols, with English Translation , Exhaustive Notes and Literary Page | 1 Comments by M. Ramakrishna Bhat; Publishers : Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd , Delhi,(1997). {Varahamihira was a Hindu Astronomer-Astrologer & Poet, Belonging to the 6 th Century AD [505 AD]} 2. ‘Brihat Parasara Hora Sastra’ in 2 Vols [attributed to Maharshi Parasara]; Trans and Commentary by R. Santhanam; Publishers: Ranjan Publications, Delhi, (1995). 3. ‘Sri Sarvartha Chintamani’- in 2 Parts by Sri Venkatesa Daivagna [belonging to a century, later than that of Varahamihira]; Trans by B. Suryanarain Rao; Publishers: by Motilal Banarsidass Pvt. Ltd; Delhi, (1997). 4. ‘Saravali’ by Kalyana Varma in 2 vols ; English Trans and Commentary by R. Santhanam; Publishers: Ranjan Publication, Delhi, (1996). 5. ‘Phala Deepika’ by Sri Mantreswar;. English Trans and Commentary by G.S Kapoor; Publishers: Ranjan Publications, Delhi, (1996). 6. ‘Kala Prakasika’ by N.P. Subramaniya Iyer; Publishers: Asian Educational services, New Delhi, (1991). 7. ‘Esoteric Principles of Vedic Astrology’ by Bepin Behari; Publishers: Ranjan Publications, New Delhi, (1996). 8. ‘Astrological Biographies (Seventeen Examples of Predictive Insights)’ by Bepin Behari; Publishers: Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi, (1998). Page | 2 9. ‘Fundamentals of Astrology’ by M. Ramakrishna Bhat; Publishers: Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi, (1996). 10. ‘Muhurta Chintamani’ of Daivagnya Acharya Shri Ram; Trans and Commentary by G.C. Sharma; Publishers: Sagar Publications, New Delhi, (1996). 11. ‘Light on Life- An Introduction to the Astrology of India’ by Hart de Fouw, and Robert Svoboda; Publishers: Penguin Books, New Delhi, (1996). 12. ‘The Greatness of Saturn- A Therapeutic Myth’ by Robert Svoboda; Publishers: Rupa & Co, New Delhi, (1997).
    [Show full text]
  • Crowdsourcing
    CROWDSOURCING The establishment of the ZerOrigIndia Foundation is predicated on a single premise, namely, that our decades-long studies indicate that there are sound reasons to assume that facilitating further independent scientific research into the origin of the zero digit as numeral may lead to theoretical insights and practical innovations equal to or perhaps even exceeding the revolutionary progress to which the historic emergence of the zero digit in India somewhere between 200 BCE and 500 CE has led across the planet, in the fields of mathematics, science and technology since its first emergence. No one to date can doubt the astounding utility of the tenth and last digit to complete the decimal system, yet the origin of the zero digit is shrouded in mystery to this day. It is high time, therefore, that a systematic and concerted effort is undertaken by a multidisciplinary team of experts to unearth any extant evidence bearing on the origin of the zero digit in India. The ZerOrigIndia Foundation is intended to serve as instrument to collect the requisite funds to finance said independent scientific research in a timely and effective manner. Research Academics and researchers worldwide are invited to join our efforts to unearth any extant evidence of the zero digit in India. The ZerOrigIndia Foundation will facilitate the research in various ways, chief among which is to engage in fundraising to finance projects related to our objective. Academics and researchers associated with reputed institutions of higher learning are invited to monitor progress reported by ZerOrigIndia Foundation, make suggestions and/or propose their own research projects to achieve the avowed aim.
    [Show full text]
  • Aryabhatiya with English Commentary
    ARYABHATIYA OF ARYABHATA Critically edited with Introduction, English Translation. Notes, Comments and Indexes By KRIPA SHANKAR SHUKLA Deptt. of Mathematics and Astronomy University of Lucknow in collaboration with K. V. SARMA Studies V. V. B. Institute of Sanskrit and Indological Panjab University INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY NEW DELHI 1 Published for THE NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE COMPILATION OF HISTORY OF SCIENCES IN INDIA by The Indian National Science Academy Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi— © Indian National Science Academy 1976 Rs. 21.50 (in India) $ 7.00 ; £ 2.75 (outside India) EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Chairman : F. C. Auluck Secretary : B. V. Subbarayappa Member : R. S. Sharma Editors : K. S. Shukla and K. V. Sarma Printed in India At the Vishveshvaranand Vedic Research Institute Press Sadhu Ashram, Hosbiarpur (Pb.) CONTENTS Page FOREWORD iii INTRODUCTION xvii 1. Aryabhata— The author xvii 2. His place xvii 1. Kusumapura xvii 2. Asmaka xix 3. His time xix 4. His pupils xxii 5. Aryabhata's works xxiii 6. The Aryabhatiya xxiii 1. Its contents xxiii 2. A collection of two compositions xxv 3. A work of the Brahma school xxvi 4. Its notable features xxvii 1. The alphabetical system of numeral notation xxvii 2. Circumference-diameter ratio, viz., tz xxviii table of sine-differences xxviii . 3. The 4. Formula for sin 0, when 6>rc/2 xxviii 5. Solution of indeterminate equations xxviii 6. Theory of the Earth's rotation xxix 7. The astronomical parameters xxix 8. Time and divisions of time xxix 9. Theory of planetary motion xxxi - 10. Innovations in planetary computation xxxiii 11.
    [Show full text]
  • 31 Indian Mathematicians
    Indian Mathematician 1. Baudhayana (800BC) Baudhayana was the first great geometrician of the Vedic altars. The science of geometry originated in India in connection with the construction of the altars of the Vedic sacrifices. These sacrifices were performed at certain precalculated time, and were of particular sizes and shapes. The expert of sacrifices needed knowledge of astronomy to calculate the time, and the knowledge of geometry to measure distance, area and volume to make altars. Strict texts and scriptures in the form of manuals known as Sulba Sutras were followed for performing such sacrifices. Bandhayana's Sulba Sutra was the biggest and oldest among many Sulbas followed during olden times. Which gave proof of many geometrical formulae including Pythagorean theorem 2. Āryabhaṭa(476CE-550 CE) Aryabhata mentions in the Aryabhatiya that it was composed 3,600 years into the Kali Yuga, when he was 23 years old. This corresponds to 499 CE, and implies that he was born in 476. Aryabhata called himself a native of Kusumapura or Pataliputra (present day Patna, Bihar). Notabl e Āryabhaṭīya, Arya-siddhanta works Explanation of lunar eclipse and solar eclipse, rotation of Earth on its axis, Notabl reflection of light by moon, sinusoidal functions, solution of single e variable quadratic equation, value of π correct to 4 decimal places, ideas circumference of Earth to 99.8% accuracy, calculation of the length of sidereal year 3. Varahamihira (505-587AD) Varaha or Mihir, was an Indian astronomer, mathematician, and astrologer who lived in Ujjain. He was born in Avanti (India) region, roughly corresponding to modern-day Malwa, to Adityadasa, who was himself an astronomer.
    [Show full text]
  • Equation Solving in Indian Mathematics
    U.U.D.M. Project Report 2018:27 Equation Solving in Indian Mathematics Rania Al Homsi Examensarbete i matematik, 15 hp Handledare: Veronica Crispin Quinonez Examinator: Martin Herschend Juni 2018 Department of Mathematics Uppsala University Equation Solving in Indian Mathematics Rania Al Homsi “We owe a lot to the ancient Indians teaching us how to count. Without which most modern scientific discoveries would have been impossible” Albert Einstein Sammanfattning Matematik i antika och medeltida Indien har påverkat utvecklingen av modern matematik signifi- kant. Vissa människor vet de matematiska prestationer som har sitt urspring i Indien och har haft djupgående inverkan på matematiska världen, medan andra gör det inte. Ekvationer var ett av de områden som indiska lärda var mycket intresserade av. Vad är de viktigaste indiska bidrag i mate- matik? Hur kunde de indiska matematikerna lösa matematiska problem samt ekvationer? Indiska matematiker uppfann geniala metoder för att hitta lösningar för ekvationer av första graden med en eller flera okända. De studerade också ekvationer av andra graden och hittade heltalslösningar för dem. Denna uppsats presenterar en litteraturstudie om indisk matematik. Den ger en kort översyn om ma- tematikens historia i Indien under många hundra år och handlar om de olika indiska metoderna för att lösa olika typer av ekvationer. Uppsatsen kommer att delas in i fyra avsnitt: 1) Kvadratisk och kubisk extraktion av Aryabhata 2) Kuttaka av Aryabhata för att lösa den linjära ekvationen på formen 푐 = 푎푥 + 푏푦 3) Bhavana-metoden av Brahmagupta för att lösa kvadratisk ekvation på formen 퐷푥2 + 1 = 푦2 4) Chakravala-metoden som är en annan metod av Bhaskara och Jayadeva för att lösa kvadratisk ekvation 퐷푥2 + 1 = 푦2.
    [Show full text]