Review of the Neotropical Species Of
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Review of the Neotropical species of the family Pterophoridae, part I: Ochyroticinae, Deuterocopinae, Pterophorinae (Platyptiliini, Exelastini, Oxyptilini) (Lepidoptera) C. Gielis Gielis, C. Review of the Neotropical species of the family Pterophoridae, part I: Ochyroticinae, Deutero- copinae, Pterophorinae (Platyptiliini, Exelastini, Oxyptilini) (Lepidoptera). Zool. Med. Leiden 80-2 (1), 6.iv.2006: 1-290, fi gs 1-416.— ISSN 0024-0672. C. Gielis, c/o Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum (formerly Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie), Postbus 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands (e-mail: [email protected]). Key words: Pterophoridae; revision; Neotropics; new genus; new species; new synonyms; new combi- nations. The Pterophoridae (Ochyroticinae, Deuterocopinae, Pterophorinae (Tribus: Platyptiliini, Exelastini, Oxyp- tilini)) species of the Neotropical fauna are reviewed. The species are redescribed. Moths are illustrated in colour for the fi rst time, their genitalia are illustrated in line drawings. The examination of type specimens revealed the presence of four new synonyms: Platyptilia juanvinas Gielis, 1999, is a junior synonym of Platyptilia gravior Meyrick, 1932; Platyptilia jonesi Gielis, 1996, is a junior synonym of Platyptilia semnopis Meyrick, 1931; Oxyptilus malefi cus Meyrick, 1926, is a junior synonym of Leptodeuterocopus neales (Walsing- ham, 1915); Lioptilus parvus Walsingham, 1880, is a junior synonym of Lioptilodes albistriolatus (Zeller, 1871). During the study of much new material 40 new species were discovered: Leptodeuterocopus tungurahue, L. angulatus, L. panamaensis, L. duchicela, Sochchora mulinus, Melanoptilia nigra, Platyptilia spicula, Stenoptilodes maculatus, S. agricultura, S. heppneri, S. medius, S. altiaustralis, Postplatyptilia nebuloarbustum, P. antillae, P. caribica, P. uruguayensis, P. pluvia, P. seitetazas, P. transversus, P. carchi, P. boletus, P, ugartei, P. drechseli, P. corti- cis, P. zongoensis, P. vorbecki, Amblyptilia landryi, A. kosteri, Lioptilodes altivolans, L. arequipa, L. yungas, L. sala- rius, L. cocodrilo, Michaelophorus margaritae, M. bahiaensis, Geina integumentum, Capperia browni, Buckleria brasilia, Megalorhipida paraiso, M. dubiosa. In the larger genera the species are arranged in groups. For a distinct group of species a new genus: Melanoptilia is proposed. A comprehensive checklist of the species has been made. To facilitate identifi cation a key is presented to the genus level. Introduction After a request to review the results of the Danish expeditions to Patagonia, I took on the task of reviewing the Neotropical fauna as a whole. At that time, in 1985, this seemed a nice job, with only a limited number of species. From the entire Neotropical region approximately 125 species were known, so this should not present too many problems. Examining the type specimens was time consuming, but the types were al- most all available. What had not been taken into account was the vast amount of material which was present in numerous collections. After the fi rst publications on the Pterophoridae of the Neotropical fauna, it became apparent that there were countless specimens waiting to be identifi ed. After the fi rst series of specimens were identifi ed, I had the impression that collecting had been done in a number of areas, omitting areas that in my opinion needed to be examined as well. For this reason two major expeditions were undertaken by Dutch microlepidopterists. Each of these expeditions lasted three and a half months. The fi rst was devoted to northern Argentina, the second to central Chile. The author later under- took a six week collecting trip to Ecuador, focussing on the forests of the high Andes 2 Gielis. Neotropical species of the family Pterophoridae, part I. Zool. Med. Leiden 80 (2006) slopes, with less attention to the lowland rain forest of the Amazon Basin. During these trips a large number of Pterophoridae were collected. It became evident that the limited number of species known in 1985 represented only the tip of the iceberg. With increasing knowledge at species level it became clear that the generic position of some of these species needed to be reviewed. The genus concept, based on (West) Palaearctic species, and formed by mainly European authors in the 18th, 19th, and early 20th century, needed an update. In 1993 a generic revision of the superfamily Pterophoroidea (Gielis) was published which refl ects our current knowledge of the taxonomy of plume-moths; as our knowledge increases this will be revised by a later author. For the Neotropical fauna this revision was an essential step in classifying the species that were encountered. It turned out that fi ve new genera were needed at that time. One genus, described for the Afrotropical fauna, appeared to have representatives in this fauna as well. With the present publication knowledge has further increased and an additional genus is pro- posed. The examination of material so far has led to the recognition of more than 300 species. The subfamilies and tribes mentioned in the title of this publication comprise 166 spe- cies. The study of the presently available material from these subfamilies is complete, and because it comprises a distinct group, it is worthwhile compiling into a publication. The remaining tribes, Oidaematophorini and Pterophorini in the subfamily Pterophorinae, will be treated in the second volume on this fauna. The manuscript of the second volume is in preparation, but numerous specimens need to be checked before it can be fi nished. The descriptions in this publication follow a consistent format: name of the taxon with author and year of publication; the original spelling of the taxon and the page number of the publication, and the recognized synonyms; the heading ‘Material’ lists the type-specimens and their data; identifi cation notes are given; a (re)description in- cluding: external characteristics; genitalia; fl ight period; hostplant records; parasite records; distribution information (country: province: town); remarks if applicable, and in case of a new species, the etymology. Each species is illustrated in colour and the male and female genitalia are illustrated by line drawings. In a few cases larvae were collected and reared by the author, these will be illustrated in future publications in colour. Key to the genera of Pterophoridae in the Neotropical region 1. Wings not cleft ................................................................................................. Ochyrotica Walsingham - Wings cleft ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 2. Forewing cleft twice (second cleft may be poor) or three times ............................................. .............................................................................................................................. Leptodeuterocopus Fletcher - Forewing cleft once ......................................................................................................................................... 3 3. Third lobe of hindwing with one vein ................................................................................................ 4 - Third lobe of hindwing with two veins .......................................................................................... 26 4. Large species (>30 mm) with wide, rectangularly shaped forewings ................................... ................................................................................................................................................ Quadriptilia Gielis - Smaller species with acute tipped, or oblique termen to forewing ................................... 5 5. Forewing with a double spot before the base of the cleft ...... Bipunctiphorus Gibeaux - Forewing with different or with additional markings .............................................................. 6 Gielis. Neotropical species of the family Pterophoridae, part I. Zool. Med. Leiden 80 (2006) 3 6. Uncus double ........................................................................................................ Paraamblyptilia Gielis - Uncus single ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 7. Uncus with bifi d tip ............................................................................................... Stockophorus Gielis - Uncus tip not bifi d .......................................................................................................................................... 8 8. Sacculus absent or poorly developed .................................................................................................. 9 - Sacculus well developed .......................................................................................................................... 16 9. Forewing lobes acutely tipped, without distinct termen ...................................................... 10 - Forewing lobes with distinct termen ................................................................................................ 11 10. Valva without a large spine or spines ....................................................... Megalorhipida Amsel - Valva with large spine or spines ................................................................ Michaelophorus Gielis 11. Valva with spine ...........................................................................................................................................