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Philosophical Hall Franklin Medal Lecture: The Story of "Philosophical Hall" Author(s): William E. Lingelbach Source: Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 94, No. 3, Studies of Historical Documents in the Library of the American Philosophical Society (Jun. 20, 1950), pp. 185-213 Published by: American Philosophical Society Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3143553 Accessed: 30-08-2018 19:04 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3143553?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms American Philosophical Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society This content downloaded from 65.213.241.226 on Thu, 30 Aug 2018 19:04:40 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms FRANKLIN MEDAL LECTURE THE STORY OF "PHILOSOPHICAL HALL"' WILLIAM E. LINGELBACH Librarian, American Philosophical Society; Professor Emeritus of Modern European History, University of Pennsylvania (Read November 4, 1949) I terpreting the past to successive generations in HISTORIC BUILDINGS terms young and old could understand. In our country the movement, now closely asso- HISTORIC buildings have always held a promi- ciated with city planning, has grown rapidly in nenrt place in both cultural and political history. recent years. Under the impact of two world Adding atmosphere and significant expression to wars, the great depression of the thirties, and the the story of the past, they speak a language quite challenge to our national heritage, it has assumed as eloquent as do written documents. In some in- a national as well as a local character, and is today stances they rise conspicuously from the local to in full stride.2 Through the Department of the the higher levels of national and even international significance. Appreciation of this has varied 2 Interest in historic buildings and sites which had long greatly from time to time. In general, however, been rather sporadic and without direction in this country was greatly stimulated during the depression of the thir- an instinctive feeling for the importance of historic ties by the superb work of the National Park Service in sites and buildings has prevailed in every age from cooperation with the American Institute of Architects and the building of the pyramids of Egypt to the de- the Library of Congress, and on a somewhat more popular termined efforts of war-stricken Europe to salvage and different level, by certain activities of the W.P.A. Attention was attracted to its national, as well as its local the shattered remains of its historic shrines. significance. Thousands of communities became some- About the middle of the last century this feeling how conscious of their local history and its relation with became very pronounced in intellectual and artistic the history of the country as a w hole. With World circles, and gradually found expression in a wide- War II and the bombing of cities abroad, its universal spread movement for conservation and restoration. importance also became evident. Impressed with this and the richness of our cultural heritage, President Roosevelt Archaeologists, historians, architects, and engi- set up state commissions for the conservation of cultural neers following the lead of the eminent French resources. Through their efforts, state and local his- scholar, Viollet-le-Duc, developed rules and canons torical societies, the schools, and many private organiza- to govern the process, till there emerged, if not a tions were enlisted to coordinate their efforts, and an amazing awareness of the nation's cultural resources was new science, at least a new discipline. Historic awakened. For most of the period the writer served as survivals in the form of buildings and other shrines Director of the Pennsylvania Comission for the Conserva- were heralded as important historical sources- tion of Cultural Resources, which had its headquarters concrete evidence of the continuity of history, in- in our Hall. At the close of the war, interest had become so broad that it was decided to take advantage of the 1 The story of "Philosophical Hall" as here published momentum and carry on. Under the leadership of our has been expanded considerably to include important mate- State Historian, Dr. S. K. Stevens, and others, steps were rial which was of necessity omitted from the address on taken to organize the state and local history organizations the occasion of the Society's re-occupation of its Hall on a national basis, our Society making a substantial after the reconstruction of 1948-1949. The name did not grant toward that end for a two-year period. The results originate with the erection of the building which has now have already exceeded the most sanguine expectations. served as the home of the Society for 160 years. It ap- The membership throughout the country has increased peared earlier in the advertisements of the fortnightly by leaps and bounds, while a new magazine, American meetings, especially in the 1770's in connection with the Heritage, has been established to coordinate the interests Christ Church School on Second Street. Even in later of the many state and local history publications. Here years it was sometimes used to designate the particular in Philadelphia sentiment was thoroughly aroused by the quarters in the Hall reserved by the Society. In general, conditions surrounding Independence Square, the nation's however, the building on Independence Square erected by most historic area. The Independence Hall Association the American Philosophical Society held in Philadelphia was organized, and largely through its efforts so ably for Promoting Useful Knowledge became known as directed by Judge Edwin 0. Lewis, Indequendence Square "Philosophical Hall," and it is in this sense that it is used and its buildings, including Philosophical Hall, were offi- in this study. cially declared a national shrine. PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, VOL. 94, NO. 3, JUNE, 1950 185 This content downloaded from 65.213.241.226 on Thu, 30 Aug 2018 19:04:40 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms 186 \VILLJIAiI E. LJINGELBACH [PROC. AMER. PHIL. SOC. FIG. I. Philosophlical Hall restored to its original design in 1949. Interior, and the Advisory Board of the National the City Planning Comnmission,3 two major devel- Park Service, the federal government has been opments of an historic character, involving both cooperating with state, municipal, and private ef- conservation and restoration, one financed by the forts in the conservation and restoration of his- State, the other by the federal government. The toric shrines. Outstanding among hundreds of story of these two projected improvements, mails such projects throughout the nation are Colonial as they are called, has been so widely discussed in Williamsburg; the historic sites, buildings, and the public press that comment here is unnecessary. streets in Boston; Old St. Augustine; and the Suffice it to say that the Independence National large-scale restoration project in St. Louis by the Historical Park, with which Philosophical Hall is federal and state governments at a cost of over so closely integrated, is being inaugurated at this very moment. The national government has ap- forty million dollars. Until the present decade official Philadelphia, al- propriated the money, the President has appointed the advisory commission, and a staff of specialists though solicitous in the care of Independence Hall, from the National Park Service has set up its of- remained unresponsive. The survey by the Phila- fices here in Old Philadelphia to direct the work. delphia Chapter of the Institute of American Ar- It is, therefore, a matter of particular satisfac- chitects showing the extraordinary number of fine tion to our Society that an important initial step historic buildings still standing in Old Philadelphia in the process took place under its auspices when went almost unnoticed. Only after the repeated the Independence Hall Association was organized and devoted efforts of individual citizens, civic andhere in Philosophical Hall, and that the Society patriotic organizations has Philadelphia become has sponsored the formation of the nationwide really conscious not only of its obligations, but of State and Local History Association. Further- its opportunities. Today we have in addition to 3See the Report of the Mayor to the Citizens of Phila- a number of historic projects in the program of delphia for 1948. This content downloaded from 65.213.241.226 on Thu, 30 Aug 2018 19:04:40 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms VOL. 94, NO. 3, 19501 THE STORY OF "PHILOSOPHICAL HALL" 187 more, as the plans for the Independence National committee was appointed "to draw up & present Historical Park began to mature, the Society to the Assembly the petition for that purpose." 4 promptly gave consideration to putting its own Although the Committee was later continued, house in order. and the matter came up now and then during the The ungainly third story added to the Hall in next decade, it was not again vigorously advocated 1890 not only destroyed its original character ar- till 1783. An entry in the Minutes for July 19 of chitecturally, but put it out of harmony with the that year reads: other buildings of the Independence Hall group.
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