Assessment and Characteristics of Adult Development of Male Filipino College Professors
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Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 1986 Assessment and Characteristics of Adult Development of Male Filipino College Professors Candido Ortega Lim Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss Part of the Education Commons Recommended Citation Lim, Candido Ortega, "Assessment and Characteristics of Adult Development of Male Filipino College Professors" (1986). Dissertations. 2420. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/2420 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1986 Candido Ortega Lim ASSESSMENT AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT OF MALE FILIPINO COLLEGE PROFESSORS by Candido Ortega Lim A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Loyola University of Chicago in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy January 1986 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank the members of my committee - Drs. Don Hossler (Chairman), Anne Juhasz and John Wellington - for their help, support, and encouragement in the writing of this dissertation. Furthermore, I want to thank the three college deans and my confreres - Rev. Raul Bonoan, S.J., Rev. Gorgonio Esguerra, s.J., and Rev. Eladio Borja, S.J., for helping me distribute the questionnaires. I am also grateful to all the faculty members of the three Jesuit Universities in the Philippines for responding to the questionnaires. I want to thank the various Jesuit communities that welcomed me when I went to collect the data for this research. In addition, I wish to thank the Pastor, Rev. Myles McDonnel and the parish staff of Our Lady of Perpetual Help Church for their understanding and support during the preparation of this dissertation. Finally, I want to thank all who have helped me, in one way or another, finish this research. ii VITA The author, Candido Ortega Lim, is the son of the late Fernando Lim and Isidra (Ortega) Lim. He was born on August 29, 1936 in Zamboanga City, Philippines. He completed his elementary education in 1949 and his high school in 1954 at the Ateneo de Zamboanga, Philippines. On July 30, 1955, the author entered the Society of Jesus in Manila, Philippines and he was ordained a priest on May 1, 1969. He received his MA in education from Ateneo de Manila University in 1974. He was accepted by the Institute of Pastoral Studies, Loyola University of Chicago in 1980 and was graduated in 1981 with an MA in Pastoral Studies. In 1981 he began his doctoral studies in the department of Guidance and Counseling at Loyola University of Chicago. His work experience has been varied. He taught in high school from 1963 to 1966. He was a college counselor from 1976 to 1980 and he became the director of college guidance at the Ateneo de Manila University from 1978 to 1980. He was also in retreat work from 1970 to 1980. The author is active in helping the Filipino community of Chicagoland. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ii VITA. • . • . • . • . • • . • . • . • • • . iii LIST OF TABLES.. • . • . • . • . • . • . vii CONTENTS OF APPENDICES .••••.••••••••••....••••.•••..•• viii Chapter I. INTRODUCTION ....•.••.••••••••••••.••.•..••••..•. 1 Adult Developmental Study................. 4 Reasons for the Research.................. 7 The Purpose of the Study.................. 10 Def ini ti on of Terms. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • . 11 Limitations............................... 13 Summary................................... 14 II. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.................. 16 Adulthood in the Ancient World............ 16 Early Developmentalists................... 19 Arnold Van Gennep (1873-1957).......... 19 Sigmund Freud (1856-1939).............. 21 Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961)........... 23 Erik H. Erikson (1902 - )............ 25 Contemporary Developmentalists............ 32 Daniel Levinson........................ 32 Roger Gould............................ 37 George E. Vaillant..................... 41 Bernice L. Neugarten................... 43 Other Adult Developmentalists............. 45 Studies on Filipino Culture and Personality........................... 47 Childhood Rearing Practices............ 48 The Filipino and His Family............ 49 Filipino Values and Beliefs............ 51 Summary of the Literature................. 55 iv III METHODS AND PROCEDURES ................•... 60 Methodology. 6 0 Population................................ 62 Data Gathering............................ 65 Instrumentation........................... 67 Survey Form............................ 67 The Interviews......................... 72 Analysis of Data ..••••.....•.•.. ~········· 74 Summary. 81 IV PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA ........ 82 Introduction. 8 2 Overview.................................. 83 Analysis of Data..... 85 Important Developmental Patterns.......... 86 Life Structure............................ 86 Life Structure Satisfaction............ 86 Life Structure Passive Resignation..... 89 Life Structure Stability............... 93 Life Structure Personality Orientation. 94 Mortality Awareness....................... 95 Generativity Concerns..................... 99 Personality Changes....................... 103 Life Assessment .......•................... 104 Adult Development and Life ................ 111 Careers. 111 Marriage. 114 Social Interaction ••••........•........ 117 Significant Persons and Events ......•.... 120 Personality Changes .......•.•............. 122 Analysis of Variance .......•...••......... 126 Responses of the younger and older subjects.............................. 127 Summary. 145 V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 150 Introduction............................. 150 Reasons for the Research.............. 153 Specific Aims......................... 153 Methodology. 154 The Results........................... 155 Implications . 160 Conclusions.. 165 Recommendations. 168 v REFERENCES ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 173 APPENDIX A ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 183 APPENDIX B ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 191 APPEND IX C ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 196 vi LIST OF TABLES Table I. Life Structure Satisfaction •...•.••••••••••• 87 II. Life Structure Passive Aggression ••••.•...•. 90 III. Life Structure Stability •••..•••••....•••••• 92 IV. Life Structure Personality Orientation..... 92 V. Mortality Awareness ••••.••.•••....•...••...• 96 VI. Generativity Concerns ..•.....•.••••••••••••• 100 VII. Life Assessment ••••••••••••••••••••••..•..•. 105 VIII. Value Ranking .•••••...•...••.•.•.•.••..•.•• 107 IX. Attitudes Toward Career and Job ••.••••••••.. 110 X. Marital Satisfaction ••••.•.••..•••.•........ 113 XI. Social Interaction .••...•.•.•......••••••••. 116 XII. People and Events ..........•••••••••••••.... 119 XIII. Personality Changes •.•••..•..•...•••.....•• 123 XIV. Analysis of Variance of Subjects Taught by Teachers by Life Assessment .•.•.•.••••••. 127 XV. Life Structure Satisfaction by Age •••.••.... 128 XVI. Life Structure Passive Resignation by Age .•• 129 XVII. Life Structure Stability by Age ..••.•...••.• 132 XVIII. Personality Orientation by Age ••••••••••••.. 135 XIX. Mortality Awareness by Age .•••••••••.•.•.... 138 XX. Generativity Concerns by Age •.•..•.•••••••• 139 XXI. Reassessing One's Past Life by Age •••••..... 141 XXII. Personality Changes by Age •••••...•..••.•.•. 143 vii CONTENT OF APPENDICES PAGE Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire .•••.•.•••••.•. 183 Appendix B - Interview Questionnaire •••••••.•... 191 Appendix C - Letters Sent to the Phillipines .••• 196 viii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION One stereotype about adults in middle years, is that they are too satisfied, possess little motivation for seeking new goals and that they have achieved a satisfactory level of psychological and emotional growth (Soddy, 1967, p. 48). Studies, however, indicate that adults in middle years are far from being completely formed as persons. Adult development is an ongoing and dynamic process that begins from birth and continues all through life. Early developmental patterns though influence the developmental process of the mid-adult years as well as that of people in the late adult years (Colarusso and Nemiroff, 1981). In spite of the interest in the human life cycle, little is known of the various stages of adult development and transitions. There are few studies available on the concepts of adulthood in various cultures. More research is necessary, for example, on how a behavior is conditioned by culture, and how work, leisure and family affect the various stages of adult development (Erikson, 1978, p.vii). According to Neugarten (1975) there has been research on child and adolescent psychology, but there are few studies 1 2 on the middle age group In a way, the study of the life cycle is similar to the fifteenth century cartographer who tries to make a map of the world. Europe, the center of the map is carefully etched out, while the rest of the world is drawn in a tentative fashion because not much is known about that section of the universe. Similarly, the researcher of the human life cycle knows much more about the early developmental childhood and adolescent life