DOCSLIB.ORG

Islamic Law and Land in the State of Selangor, Malaysia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Islamic Law and Land in the State of Selangor, Malaysia ISLAMIC LAW AND LAND IN THE STATE OF SELANGOR, MALAYSIA : PROBLEMS OF ADMINISTRATION AND ISLAMISATION PRESENTED BY ABDUL FATAH BIN HAJI KHALID NOVEMBER 1988 THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE FACULTY OF ARTS BISM ALLAH AL-RAHMAN AL-RAHIM IN THE NAME OF GOD, THE BENEFICIENT, THE MERCIFUL i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: First and foremost I must thank the Almighty Allah, Most Gracious and Most Merciful for enabling me to proceed with this work until to its final form. To my supervisor, Dr. M. V. Macdonald, I wish to express my heartfelt gratitude and profound thankfulness for his invaluable assistance and encouragement throughout the past three years and three months (July 1985 - October 1988). He alone patiently supervised the whole of this work and often made useful and constructive suggestions for alteration or addition. His advice and criticism have been of immense value, sustaining this research, especially during the period of its preparation. It is inevitable that there are errors made in this work and I hold myself fully responsible. I would like also to express my sincere thanks to Miss I. Crawford who has been magnificently kind in giving me every kind of assistance throughout the period of my study,. and also to the staff of the Main Library of the University, especially the Inter-Library Service for their unflagging efforts in finding books, without whose help this work could not have been completed. ii Secondly, I would like to record my appreciation and indebtedness to the Selangor State Government of Malaysia for providing me with a full scholarship to pursue my studies at all levels. Alhamdullillah, I have been most fortunate to receive their generous financial support. Also I would like to thank the Public Services Department of Malaysia for granting me study leave. A lasting debt of gratitude is owed to two individuals, Datuk Haji Ahmad Razali and Encik Jaafar Saad, without whom I would never have been able to pursue my further studies. To both of them, only Allah will reward the kindness that they have rendered to me. Other people who deserve my thanks are my colleagues Encik Tukiman Nail and Puan Mariyam Lamri. I would also like to thank the staff of the Selangor State Library, Jabatan Agama Islam Selangor, Syah Alam and the Kuala Langat district office who helped and supported me in one way or the other in the course of my study. I would also like to record my appreciation to my colleagues especially to my brother, Ustaz Dr. Wan Salim Noor, who gave me much guidance and advice during the period of my stay in Livingston. iii Last, though not in significance it must be mentioned that I owe a special debt to my wife Faridah binti Abdul Majid and my children Safiyyah Hayati, Fariz Afridee, Siti Shakira and Ahmad Imtiyaz for their patience and forebearance in withstanding the stress and strains caused by my frequent absence from their midst. They have kept my life pleasant and happy throughout my academic sojourn in Edinburgh. This work is however dedicated to my beloved late parents, Haji Khalid bin Thamby Zainal and Halimah binti Zainal Abidin. May Allah forgive them and place them among those residing in Jannah. For those mentioned, I have this to say: jazakallahu khairan kathiran jazilan, May Allah bless you with well- being in great abundance and perpetuity. 27 Rabiul' Awal, 1409. Department of Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies, University of Edinburgh, iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Paqe ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i TABLE OF CONTENTS iv ABSTRACT ix A NOTE ON TRANSLITERATION xii MAP OF SELANGOR STATE xiii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xiv LIST OF APPENDICES xvi INTRODUCTION 1-9 Objective of Study. 9-16 CHAPTER 1: Historical Background of Selangor I. (a) Early Civilisation and Geographical 17-22 Position (b) The Role of the Bugis 22-25 (c) The Sumatrans and Javanese 25-31 (d) The Chinese 31-33 (e) The Indians 33 (f) Islam in Early Selangor 34-38 II. (a) Early British Relationships With Selangor (1) Selangor Treaty of 1818 (Cracrofts Commercial Treaty) 39-40 (2) Selangor Treaty of 1825 (Anderson's Treaty) 41-44 V (3) The Anglo Siamese Treaty of 1826 44-46 (4) Rationale for British Intervention in Selangor 46-51 CHAPTER 2: Land and Agricultural Policies in British Selangor 1. (a) Malay Customary Law 59-70 (b) The Concept of Adat Pepateh, Adat Kampong and Adat Temenggong (1) Adat Pepateh 70-72 (2) Adat Kampong and Adat Temenggong 72-78 (c) The Malay Indigeneous System of Land Tenure 78-81 (d) The Status of the Malay Ruler in Relation to Land 81-82 II. British Land and Agricultural Policies (a) Native Holdings 89-90 (b) The Works of W. E. Maxwell 90-92 (c) The Selangor Land Code, 1891 92-96 (d) The Concept of Malay Land Reservation 96-105 CHAPTER 3: Land Administration : Legal and Religious Institutions (a) The District officer 115-117 (b) The Probate and Administration Act, 1959 117-118 (c) The Small Estates (Distribution) Act, 1955 118-125 vi (d) The Penghulu or Village Headman 125-126 (e) The Pegawai Pesaka Kecil or Small Estate Officer 126-127 (f) The Formation of Jabatan Agama Islam Selangor (J. A. I. S. ) or Selangor Religious Department 127-129 (g) The Administration of Muslim Law Enactment of 1952 129-130 (h) The Role of 3. A. I. S. 130-131 (i) The Organizational Structure of J. A. I. S. 131-138 (j) The Organizational Structure of Majlis Agama Islam Selangor (M. A. I. S. ) or the Selangor Council of Religious Affairs 138-142 (k) The Shariah Law Courts 142-148 (1) The Shariah Law Courts Under the Muslim Law Enactment of 1952 148-152 (m) Problems of the Shariah Courts 152-155 CHAPTER 4: Faraid or Islamic Law of Inheritance (a) Wasiyat or Bequest 161-170 (b) Penama or the Issue of Nomination 170-177 (c) The Concept of Faraid ' 177-182 (d) The Practical Administration of Faraid in Selangor 183-190 (e) Duration and Procedures Taken to Process a Faraid case in Selangor 190-202 (f) Problems Associated with the Implementation of Faraid in Selangor vii (1) Administrative Perspective 203-215 (2) Social Perspective 215-223 CHAPTER 5: Wakaf and Baitulmal Administration in Selangor I. Wakaf ' (a) The Concept of Wagf 231-234 (b) Condition for the Validity of a Wakaf 235-239 (c) Subject of the Wakaf (1) Immovable Property 239 (2) Movable Property 240 (3) Wakaf on communally-Held property or Musha' 241 (d) Classification of Wakaf 241-244 (e) The Administration of Wakaf 244-247 (f) Wakaf Administration in Selangor 248-254 (g) The Nature of Wakaf Properties in Selangor 254-258 (h) Problems Confronting Wakaf Administration in Selangor 258-262 (i) Shortage of Financial Resources 262-263 II. Baitulmal (a) The Concept of Bayt-al-Mal 263-265 (b) The Historical Institution of Baitulmal 266-268 viii (c) Baitulmal in Selangor 268-269 (d) Development between 1952 - 1969 269-276 (e) Restructuring the Organization of the State's Baitulmal 277 (f) Selangor's Baitulmal in the 70's 278-281 (g) Overall Performance of Selangor's Baitulmal 282-285 (h) Problems Confronting Baitulmal in Selangor 285-289 III. Zakat (a) The Concept of Zakat 290 (b) Zakat Activities in Selangor 290-309 CHAPTER 6: RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION 318-341 APPENDICES 342-347 BIBLIOGRAPHY 348-364 ix ABSTRACT This research deals with the administration of faraid, wakaf, baitulmal and zakat in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. It covers the period from the British intervention in the state in 1874 to the early 1980's. The study begins with the historical background of the state and the contributions made by the early immigrants towards the economic development of the state and the extent to which they developed the vast areas of empty land throughout the state. It then considers the coming of the British into the state in 1874 and the various commercial treaties signed between them and the Rulers of Selangor which reinforced their authority over the political, economic and administrative affairs of the state. Chapter 2 discusses the various concepts of Malay customary laws, adat pepateh, adat temenggong and adat kampong, and seeks to explain why first two adat failed to. make any inroads into the land tenure system in the state. It finally studies the work of W. E. Maxwell and the introduction of the various Land Codes, particularly X the Malay Reservation Enactment and the Torrens System by the British, which led to the establishment of a systematic approach to land administration in Selangor. In Chapter 3, the institutions of the district office, the Small Estate Office, the Kathi, the Penghulu and the establishment of the shariah -courts are discussed. These establishments can be considered to be backbone of the adminstration of the four Islamic concepts, particularly at the village level. The Chapter also analyses the dichotomy of authority that exists between the shariah and the civil courts in which the latter has the upper hand when it comes to making final decisions, especially in faraid cases. The problems confronting the shariah courts and the importance of the Adminstration of the Muslim Law Enactment of 1952 are discussed. The components of faraid, namely wasiyat and penama, and the practicalities of their administration constitute the discussion in Chapter 4. This, with Chapter 5 may be considered to be the core of the thesis. The writer's experience in the district of Kuala Langat and the problems from two perspectives (administrative Si and social) confronting the implementation of faraid at the grassroot level is utilised in the course of the discussion.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Malay World in Textbooks: the Transmission Colonial Knowledge
    KyotoKyotoUniversity University Southeast Astan Studies,VoL 39, No. 2, Septernber 2001 The Malay World in Textbooks: The Transmission of Colonial Knowledge in British Malaya SoDA Naoki' Abstract This paper examines the transmission of colonial knowledge about the Malay world from the British to the Malays in pre-war colonial Malaya. For this purpose, I make a textual analysis of school textbooks on Malay history and geography that were used in Malay schools and teacher training colleges in British Malaya. "scientific" British and Malay writers of these textbooks not only $hared a or positivist approach, but also constituted similar views of the Malay world. First, their conceptions of community understood Malay as a bangsa or race and acknowledged the hybridity of the Malays. Second, their conceptions of space embraced the idea of territorial boundaries, understanding Malay territoriality to exist at three levels-the Malay states, Malaya and the Malay world, with Malaya as the focal point. Third, in conceptualizing time, the authors divided Malay history into distinctive periods using a scale of progress and civilization. This transmission of colonial knowledge about the Malay world began the localization of the British concept of Malayness, paving the way for the identification of Malay as a potential nation, I Introduction It is now widely acknowledged that social categories in Malaysia such as race and nation are products of the period of British colonialism. For instance, Charles Hirschman argues "modern 'race that relations' in Peninsular Malaysia, in the sense of impenetrable group boundaries, were a byproduct of British colonialism of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries" [Hirschman 1986: 330].
    [Show full text]
  • Title the Malay World in Textbooks: the Transmission of Colonial
    The Malay World in Textbooks: The Transmission of Colonial Title Knowledge in British Malaya Author(s) Soda, Naoki Citation 東南アジア研究 (2001), 39(2): 188-234 Issue Date 2001-09 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/56780 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 39, No.2, September 2001 The Malay World in Textbooks: The Transmission of Colonial Knowledge in British Malaya SODA Naoki* Abstract This paper examines the transmission of colonial knowledge about the Malay world from the British to the Malays in pre-war colonial Malaya. For this purpose, I make a textual analysis of school textbooks on Malay history and geography that were used in Malay schools and teacher training colleges in British Malaya. British and Malay writers of these textbooks not only shared a "scientific" or positivist approach, but also constituted similar views of the Malay world. First, their conceptions of community understood Malay as a bangsa or race and acknowledged the hybridity of the Malays. Second, their conceptions of space embraced the idea of territorial boundaries, understanding Malay territoriality to exist at three levels-the Malay states, Malaya and the Malay world, with Malaya as the focal point. Third, in conceptualizing time, the authors divided Malay history into distinctive periods using a scale of progress and ci vilization. This transmission of colonial knowledge about the Malay world began the localization of the British concept of Malayness, paving the way for the identification of Malay as a potential nation. I Introduction It is now widely acknowledged that social categories in Malaysia such as race and nation are products of the period of British colonialism.
    [Show full text]
  • Mencabar Sejarah Malaysia, Kata Yang Tidak Bercakap.Pdf
    MENCABAR SEJARAH MALAYSIA, KATA YANG TIDAK BERCAKAP DALAM MUZIUM Oleh Abdullah Zakaria bin Ghazali Kolej Universiti Islam Melaka Ahli Lembaga Pengarah Muzium Negeri Terengganu Pendahuluan Banyak dokumen dan artifak dalam muzium, dan tidak boleh bercakap. Namun begitu, antara dokumen dan artifak yang dipamerkan itu, walaupun bisu, tetapi mencabar sejarah, khususnya dalam konteks Malaysia; mencabar Sejarah Malaysia. Mereka yang sensitif tercabar ini adalah dalam kalangan yang berpengetahuan sejarah. Sama ada cabaran tersebut tersahut atau disahut boleh dirujuk daripada tulisan yang dihasilkan berkaitan dengan cabaran itu. Kertas ini sekadar menyatakan secara sepintas lalu, cabaran yang dirasakan ketika mengunjungi muzium tertentu di Malaysia. Satu perkara yang perlu dinyatakan di sini, Muzium sebagai tempat menimba pelajaran dan pendidikan, sifat lain, ialah mencabar sejarah Malaysia. Batu Bersurat Terengganu Sebaik sahaja memasuki pintu muzium Terengganu, dan menuju ke ruang liga utama, nampak tersergam megah artifak utama sejarah Terengganu, Batu Bersurat. Kini telah diangkat sebagai Warisan Dunia (Memory of the World) oleh badan Organisasi Pendidikan, Sainstifik dan Kebudayaan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu. Batu Bersurat ini tidak bercakap, tetapi perkataan yang terpahat padanya mencabar sejarah Malaysia, khususnya mengenai Islam di Terengganu; Malaysia amnya, termasuk Asia Tenggara. Kajian terhadap Batu Bersurat ini sudah dilakukan seawall-awal tahun 1920-an oleh H.S. Paterson, dan C.O. Blagden, serta diterbitkan dalam Journal of Malayan Brach
    [Show full text]
  • Oleon Palm Mill List 2019 Short.Xlsx
    Oleon NV palm mill list 2019 version 06/07/2020 # Mill name Mill parent company Country Location Latitude Longitude 1 AATHI BAGAWATHI MANUFACTUR ABDI BUDI MULIA Indonesia NORTH SUMATRA 2.05228 100.25207 2 ABAGO S.A.S. PALMICULTORES DEL NORTE Colombia Km 17 vía Dinamarca, Acacías - Meta 3.960839 -73.627319 3 ABDI BUDI MULIA 1 SUMBER TANI HARAPAN (STH) Indonesia NORTH SUMATRA 2.05127 100.25234 4 ABDI BUDI MULIA 2 SUMBER TANI HARAPAN (STH) Indonesia NORTH SUMATRA 2.11272 100.27311 5 Abedon Oil Mill Kretam Holdings Bhd Malaysia 56KM, Jalan Lahad DatuSandakan, 90200 Kinabatangan, Sabah 5.312372 117.978891 6 ACE OIL MILL S/B ACE OIL MILL SDN. BHD Malaysia KM22, Lebuhraya Keratong-Bahau, Rompin, Pahang 2.91192 102.77981 7 Aceites Cimarrones S.A.S. Aceites Cimarrones S.A.S. Colombia Fca Tucson II Vda Candelejas, Puerto Rico, Meta 3.03559 -73.11147 8 ACEITES S.A. ACEITES S.A. Colombia MAGDALENA 10.56788889 -74.20816667 9 Aceites Y Derivados S.A. Aceites Y Derivados S.A. Honduras KM 348, Carretera Al Batallon Xatruch, Aldea Los Leones, Trujillo, Colon 15.825861 -85.896861 10 ACEITES Y GRASAS DEL CATATUMBO SAS OLEOFLORES S.A. Colombia META 3.718639 -73.701775 11 ACHIJAYA ACHIJAYA PLANTATION Malaysia Lot 677, Jalan Factory, Chaah, Johor 85400 2.204167 103.041389 12 Adela FGV PALM INDUSTRIES SDN BHD Malaysia Adela, 81930 Bandar Penawar, Johor Darul Takzim 1.551917 104.186361 13 ADHIRADJA CHANDRA BUANA ADHIRADJA CHANDRA BUANA Indonesia JAMBI -1.6797 103.80176 14 ADHYAKSA DHARMA SATYA EAGLE HIGH PLANTATIONS Indonesia CENTRAL KALIMANTAN -1.58893 112.86188 15 Adimulia Agrolestari ADIMULIA AGRO LESTARI Indonesia Subarak, Gn.
    [Show full text]
  • Selangor Journal L SEPTEMBER 2020
    Sultan calls for firm New digital platforms Practising fairness in More to Morib than Exciting proposals action to woo investors the Dewan meets the eye for Budget 2021 5 7 11 14 8&9 FREE SEPTEMBER 2020 EDITION www.selangorjournal.my SELANGOR Budget THE Selangor government is all set for an economic rebound after months of finan- cial slump following the Covid-19 outbreak. Formulating programmes and initiatives for all that promise to leave no one behind, Men- teri Besar Dato’ Seri Amirudin Shari says now is the time for the state to forge ahead as the nation’s economic reactor. The state administration recently organ- ised the 2021 Selangor Budget Dialogue, bringing together a team of stakeholders and experts to share their views for a bet- ter future. Details of the dialogue will act as a blueprint for the state’s upcom- MORE ON ing budget. PAGES 2to4 2 NEWS Selangor Journal l SEPTEMBER 2020 Grow and support local talent, says expert BY IDA NADIRAH IBRAHIM, SHERILYN PANG, AFIX REDZUAN, KHAIRUL AZRAN HUSSIN, NADIAH ZAMLUS, NORRASYIDAH ARSHAD, ZAREEF MUZAMMIL & ALIFF FIKRI PHOTO BY HAFIZ OTHMAN & FIKRI YUSOF SHAH ALAM - Malaysia, particularly Se- langor, has to focus on producing a quality talent pool to be able to compete globally. Founder and group chief executive of- ficer of Aerodyne Group, Kamarul A, said this should be one of the medium-to-long term solutions in new wealth creation for the country, especially in adapting to the new digital economy. He said Malaysia should also shift from being a traditionally technology-consum- ing country to a technology-producing nation.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Crabs of the Family Ocypodidae in the Collection of the Raffles Museum M. W. F. TWEEDIE
    Reprint from Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, Singapore, Straits Settlements, No. IS, August 1937 On the Crabs of the family Ocypodidae in the collection of the Raffles Museum hy M. W. F. TWEEDIE M. W. F. TWEEDIE On the Crabs of the Family Ocypodidae in the Collection of the Raffles Museum By M. W. F. TwEEDiE, M.A. The material described in this paper has been collected for the most part during the last four years, mainly in mangrove swamps around Singapore Island and at a few localities on the east and west coasts of the Malay Peninsula. The greater part of the paper and most of the figures were prepared at the British Museum (Natural History) during August and September, 1936, and my grateful acknowledgments are due to the Director for permission to work there and for facilities provided, and particularly to Dr. Isabella Gordon for her unfailing help and encouragement. I wish also to express my thanks to the Directorates of the Zoological Museums at Leiden and Amsterdam for permission to examine types, and for the helpfulness and courtesy with which I was received by the members of the staffs of these museums. Finally acknowledgments are due to Prof. Dr. H. Balss, Dr. B. N. Chopra and Dr. C. J. Shen for their kindness in comparing specimens with types and authentic specimens in their respective institutions. The mode adopted for collecting the material may be of interest to collectors of Crustacea, and possibly other invertebrate groups, in the tropics. It was found that if crabs, especially Grapsidse and Ocypodidse, are put straight into alcohol, they tend to die slowly and in their struggles to shed their limbs and damage each other, so that often less than 10% of the collection survive as perfect specimens.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationship Between Air Quality and Property Price
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 50 ( 2012 ) 839 – 854 AcE-Bs 2012 Bangkok ASEAN Conference on Environment-Behaviour Studies, Bangkok, Thailand, 16-18 July 2012 The Relationship between Air Quality and Property Price Ahmad Shazrin Mohamed Azmia*, Raz Faeizi Azharb & Abdul Hadi Nawawia aCentre of Real Estate Research, Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia bDepartment of Estate Management, Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Abstract This research was driven by the objective to analyze the relationship between air quality and residential property market value with the expectation to establish air quality as another influencing factor to the property price. This exploratory research was conducted in a micro environment limited to two districts in the state of Selangor and focused toone residential property type only. By using Air Quality Index as air quality indicator and Terrace House Index under Malaysia Housing Index (MHI) as proxy for property market, data were statistically analysed and the results have indicated some significant relationship. ©© 2012 2012 Published Published by byElsevier Elsevier Ltd. Ltd.Selection Selection and peer-review and peer-review under responsibilityunder responsibility of the Centre of theCentre for Environment- for Environment- Behaviour StudiesBehaviour (cE-Bs), Studies Faculty (cE-Bs), of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Planning Surveying, & Surveying, Universiti UniversitiTeknologiTeknologi MARA, MalaysiaMARA, Malaysia Keywords: Air quality; property price; behaviour; index; relationship 1. Introduction Property value can be briefly explained as the perceived worth of a property that people agree to buy and willing to pay.
    [Show full text]
  • Sheraton Petaling Jaya Hotel
    Sheraton Petaling Jaya Hotel S TAY SPG® The Sheraton Petaling Jaya Hotel is perfectly located just west Maximize every stay with Starwood Preferred Guest® program. of the heart of the city center, with easy access to everything Earn free night awards with no blackout dates and miles that the Kuala Lumpur area has to offer. We are next to the through frequent flyer programs, or redeem VIP access Federal Highway which links Petaling Jaya to Kuala Lumpur, through SPG Moments for once-in-a-lifetime experiences. just 20 minutes by car. We are also close to Asia Jaya Putra For details, visit spg.com. Light Railway Transit station that connects to the capital. Elevate your stay with the Sheraton Club Rooms and enjoy access to the private and spacious Sheraton Club Lounge. FOOD & BEVERAGE VENUES We offer a wide choice of venues and inspired menus at each FITNESS of our signature restaurants, each promising a transformative dining experience. Break a sweat and let Sheraton Fitness be your solution to a healthy lifestyle while away from home. Our fully-equipped FEAST — Savor a new standard of hospitality at Feast, the hotel’s health facilities are provided by Technogym, the world leader modern signature restaurant that showcases international flavors in the design of fitness equipment for your workout needs. at an extensive buffet with a range of visually stunning displays in Alternatively, cool off with a swim at the outdoor pool located colors and textures. on Level 33. MIYABI — Miyabi is a contemporary dining venue with authentic Japanese dishes, including teppanyaki, sushi, and sashimi.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 6 Landuse Masterplan Study
    CHAPTER 6 LANDUSE MASTERPLAN STUDY 6.0 LAND-USE MASTERPLAN STUDY 6.1 INTRODUCTION 6.1.1 The Putrajaya Lake system is a man-made system. For it to perform as envisaged there is a need to develop an integrated land-use masterplan for the catchment, based on an adequate understanding of the natural system supporting it. 6.1.2 To develop the masterplan there is a need to review the existing land-use policies and land-use situation in the catchment. Based on the review and the land-use controls, recommended by the various specialists in the study team to ensure the success and sustainability of the Lake, an integrated land-use masterplan can then be develop to guide the future development in the catchment. 6.2 REVIEW OF LAND-USE POLICIES AND GUIDELINES 6.2.1 The Structure Plans 6.2.1.1 The current land-use policy in the catchment is governed by two district Structure Plans. They are: • The Structure Plan for Putrajaya and part of Sepang District • The Structure Plan for Petaling District and part of Klang District 6.2.1.2 The Structure Plan for Putrajaya and part of Sepang District has defined a set of policies for the planning and development of Putrajaya. The policies governing the planning and management of the area in the Putrajaya Lake Catchment are supposed to create a city possessing the following characteristics: • an “intelligent City” • a “City-in-a-Garden” • a city that meets the administrative needs of the federal government • a city with a carefully monitored physical and ambient environment • a city with a high quality living environment • a city that gives priority to public transport 6-1 Doc Ref: T9903/DOC/013 6.2.1.3 The Structure Plan also supported preservation of the existing development surrounding Putrajaya.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatio-Temporal Clustering of Dengue Incidence
    Universal Journal of Public Health 9(3): 120-130, 2021 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/ujph.2021.090303 Spatio-Temporal Clustering of Dengue Incidence Nik Nur Fatin Fatihah Sapri1, Wan Fairos Wan Yaacob2,*, Yap Bee Wah1, 3 Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim 1Faculty of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia 2Faculty of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Kelantan Kampus Kota Bharu, 15050 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia 3Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Sabah, Malaysia Received January 1, 2021; Revised February 10, 2021; Accepted March 20, 2021 Cite This Paper in the following Citation Styles (a): [1] Nik Nur Fatin Fatihah Sapri, Wan Fairos Wan Yaacob, Yap Bee Wah, Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim , "Spatio-Temporal Clustering of Dengue Incidence," Universal Journal of Public Health, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 120 - 130, 2021. DOI: 10.13189/ujph.2021.090303. (b): Nik Nur Fatin Fatihah Sapri, Wan Fairos Wan Yaacob, Yap Bee Wah, Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim (2021). Spatio-Temporal Clustering of Dengue Incidence. Universal Journal of Public Health, 9(3), 120 - 130. DOI: 10.13189/ujph.2021.090303. Copyright©2021 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License Abstract Dengue fever is a well-known vector-borne transmitted to human body as susceptible host through disease caused by Aedes aegypti mosquito. It has become a biting of infective female Aedes Aegypti mosquitos. major burden to economy and society of affected country.
    [Show full text]
  • Selangor Journal L APRIL 2021
    Considering Kita Selangor: Eight Stepping up to protect A fair chance vaccine choices projects completed our earth in Bukit Lanjan 3 5 8&9 10 FREE l APRIL 2021 EDITION l www.selangorjournal.my SELANGOR Airshow ready for takeoff elangor will be hosting its inaugural Selangor Avi- ation Show 2021 (SAS 2021) from Aug 12 to 14. Themed ‘Selangor, the Asean Business & General Aviation Hub’, it is expected to draw at least 5,000 Svisitors and 30 exhibitors from local and international companies. The event is set to create a business ecosystem with investment opportunities on both the domestic and international stage. The state govern- ment had in its 2021 budget allocated a MORE ON total of RM2 million for the event. PAGE 7 2 NEWS Selangor Journal l APRIL 2021 Digital payments cut paper waste Exco: e-parking won’t be SHAH ALAM - Parking payments made through the Smart Selangor Parking (SSP) application has helped save 634,994 kilo- grams of paper, said state executive coun- imposed on everyone cillor for local government Ng Sze Han. He said the savings were calculated By SHERILYN PANG based on the number of users registered with the digital parking payment system SHAH ALAM - Visitors and non-residents which now exceeded 1.5 million since its of Selangor can still pay for their park- launch in July 2018. ing through e-parking agents once the “For the record in the last two to three Smart Selangor Parking (SSP) system is years, the response to the application has fully implemented next year. been very encouraging and (it) even has State executive councillor for local the largest number of users compared to government Ng Sze Han said e-parking other (similar) applications in Malaysia.
    [Show full text]
  • Geographical Codes Countries of the World & Unique Locations
    BELLCORE PRACTICE BR 751-401-180 ISSUE 16, FEBRUARY 1999 COMMON LANGUAGE® Geographical Codes Countries of the World & Unique Locations BELLCORE PROPRIETARY - INTERNAL USE ONLY This document contains proprietary information that shall be distributed, routed or made available only within Bellcore, except with written permission of Bellcore. LICENSED MATERIAL - PROPERTY OF BELLCORE Possession and/or use of this material is subject to the provisions of a written license agreement with Bellcore. Geographical Codes Countries of the World & Unique Locations BR 751-401-180 Copyright Page Issue 16, February 1999 Prepared for Bellcore by: R. Keller For further information, please contact: R. Keller (732) 699-5330 To obtain copies of this document, Regional Company/BCC personnel should contact their company’s document coordinator; Bellcore personnel should call (732) 699-5802. Copyright 1999 Bellcore. All rights reserved. Project funding year: 1999. BELLCORE PROPRIETARY - INTERNAL USE ONLY See proprietary restrictions on title page. ii LICENSED MATERIAL - PROPERTY OF BELLCORE BR 751-401-180 Geographical Codes Countries of the World & Unique Locations Issue 16, February 1999 Trademark Acknowledgements Trademark Acknowledgements COMMON LANGUAGE is a registered trademark and CLLI is a trademark of Bellcore. BELLCORE PROPRIETARY - INTERNAL USE ONLY See proprietary restrictions on title page. LICENSED MATERIAL - PROPERTY OF BELLCORE iii Geographical Codes Countries of the World & Unique Locations BR 751-401-180 Trademark Acknowledgements Issue 16, February 1999 BELLCORE PROPRIETARY - INTERNAL USE ONLY See proprietary restrictions on title page. iv LICENSED MATERIAL - PROPERTY OF BELLCORE BR 751-401-180 Geographical Codes Countries of the World & Unique Locations Issue 16, February 1999 Table of Contents COMMON LANGUAGE Geographic Codes Countries of the World & Unique Locations Table of Contents 1.
    [Show full text]