DOCSLIB.ORG

Review of the Genus Chalcolepidius Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Agrypninae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Review of the Genus Chalcolepidius Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Agrypninae) Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 46(3): 263-428 30.IX.2002 Review of the genus Chalcolepidius Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Agrypninae) Sônia Aparecida Casari1 ABSTRACT. The genus Chalcolepidius is revised. Type specimens of 65 nominal species, except C. costatus Pjatakowa, 1941, C. fleutiauxi Pjatakowa, 1941 and C. viriditarsus Schwarz, 1906, are examined. Eighty five species are studied, of which 34 are synonymyzed and 12 new species described; three species, C. alicii Pjatakowa, 1941, C. haroldi Candèze, 1878 and C. unicus Fleutiaux, 1910, formely included in this genus, are not congeneric and are removed; C. validus Candèze, 1857 is revalidated. The genus is now formed by 63 species. Redescriptions, illustrations and a key for the examined species, and a cladistic analysis for groups of species are also included. New synonyms established: C. apacheanus Casey, 1891 = C. simulans Casey, 1907 syn. nov. = C. acuminatus Casey, 1907 syn. nov. = C. nobilis Casey, 1907 syn. nov.; C. approximatus Erichson, 1841 = C. aztecus Casey, 1907 syn. nov. = C. niger Pjatakowa, 1941 syn. nov.; C. attenuatus Erichson, 1841 = C. cuneatus Champion, 1894 syn. nov. = C. tenuis Champion, 1894 syn. nov.; C. aurulentus Candèze, 1874 = C. candezei Dohrn, 1881 syn. nov. = C. grossheimi Pjatakowa, 1941 syn. nov.; C. bomplandii Guérin, 1844 = C. humboldti Candèze, 1881 syn. nov.; C. chalcantheus Candèze, 1857 = C. violaceous Pjatakowa, 1941 syn. nov.; C. cyaneus Candèze, 1881 = C. scitus Candèze, 1889 syn. nov. = C. abbreviatovittatus Pjatakowa, 1941 syn. nov.; C. desmarestii Chevrolat, 1835 = C. brevicollis Casey, 1907 syn. nov.; C. gossipiatus Guérin, 1844 = C. erichsonii Guérin-Méneville, 1844 syn. nov. = C. lemoinii Candèze, 1857 syn. nov.; C. inops Candèze, 1886 = C. murinus Champion, 1894 syn. nov.; C. jansoni Candèze, 1874 = C. mucronatus Candèze, 1889 syn. nov.; C. lacordairii Candèze, 1857 = C. exquisitus Candèze, 1886 syn. nov. = C. monachus Candèze, 1893 syn. nov.; C. lenzi Candèze, 1886 = C. behrensi Candèze, 1886 syn. nov.; C. oxydatus Candèze, 1857 = C. jekeli Candèze, 1874 syn. nov.; C. porcatus (Linnaeus, 1767) = C. peruanus Candèze, 1886 syn. nov. = C. flavostriatus Pjatakowa, 1941 syn. nov. = C. herbstii multistriatus Golbach, 1977 syn. nov.; C. rugatus Candèze, 1857 = C. amictus Casey, 1907 syn. nov.; C. smaragdinus LeConte, 1854 = C. ostentus Casey, 1907 syn. nov. = C. rectus Casey, 1907 syn. nov.; C. sulcatus (Fabricius, 1777) = C. herbstii Erichson, 1841 syn. nov; C. virens (Fabricius, 1787) = C. perrisi Candèze, 1857 syn. nov.; C. virginalis Candèze, 1857 = C. championi Casey, 1907 syn. nov.; C. viridipilis (Say, 1825) = C. debilis Casey, 1907 syn. nov.; C. webbi LeConte, 1854 = C. sonoricus Casey, 1907 syn. nov.; C. zonatus Eschscholtz, 1829 = C. longicollis Candèze, 1857 syn. nov. New species described: C. albisetosus sp. nov. (Ecuador), C. albiventris sp. nov. (Mexico: Veracruz), C. copulatuvittatus sp. nov. (Venezuela), C. extenuatuvittatus sp. nov. (Venezuela), C. fasciatus sp. nov. (Mexico: Durango), C. ferratuvittatus sp. nov. (Ecuador), C. proximus sp. nov. (Mexico: Sinaloa), C. serricornis sp. nov. (Mexico: Veracruz), C. spinipennis sp. nov. (Mexico: Veracruz), C. supremus sp. nov. (Venezuela), C. truncuvittatus sp. nov. (Mexico: Tamaulipas) and C. virgatipennis sp. nov. (Mexico: Durango). Redescribed species: C. angustatus Candèze, 1857, C. apacheanus Casey, 1891, C. approximatus Erichson, 1841, C. attenuatus Erichson, 1841, C. aurulentus Candèze, 1874, C. bomplandii Guérin-Méneville, 1844, C. boucardi Candèze, 1874, C. chalcantheus Candèze, 1857, C. corpulentus Candèze, 1874, C. cyaneus Candèze, 1881, C. desmarestii Chevrolat, 1835, C. dugesi Candèze, 1886, C. erythroloma Candèze, 1857, C. eschscholtzi Chevrolat, 1833, C. exulatus Candèze, 1874, C. fabricii Erichson, 1841, C. forreri Candèze, 1886, C. fryi Candèze, 1874, C. gossipiatus Guérin-Méneville, 1844, C. inops Candèze, 1886, C. jansoni Candèze, 1874, C. lacordairii Candèze, 1857, C. lafargi Chevrolat, 1835, C. lenzi Candèze, 1886, C. limbatus (Fabricius, 1777), C. mexicanus Castelnau, 1836, C. mniszechi Candèze, 1881, C. mocquerysii Candèze, 1857, C. morio Candèze, 1857, C. obscurus Castelnau, 1836, C. oxydatus Candèze, 1857, C. porcatus (Linnaeus, 1767), C. pruinosus Erichson, 1841, C. rodriguezi Candèze, 1886, C. rostainei Candèze, 1889, C. rubripennis LeConte, 1861, C. rugatus Candèze, 1857, C. silbermanni Chevrolat, 1835, C. smaragdinus LeConte, 1854, C. sulcatus (Fabricius, 1777), C. tartarus Fall, 1898, C. validus Candèze, 1857, reval., C. villei Candèze, 1878, C. virens (Fabricius, 1787), C. virginalis Candèze, 1857, C. viridipilis (Say, 1825), C. webbi LeConte, 1854, C. zonatus Eschscholtz, 1829. KEYWORDS. Agrypninae; Chalcolepidius; Elateridae; Hemirhipini; revision. 1. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Nazaré 481, 04263-000 São Paulo-SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]. 264 Casari INTRODUCTION three new species, C. limbatus, C. smaragdulus and C. zonatus. He presented a diagnosis for each species, some of them later The genus Chalcolepidius Eschscholtz, 1829 is recognized synonymized. by the wide, arched, and almost parallel sided body, clothed GERMAR (1840) re-characterized Chalcolepidius and with scale-like setae, usually metallic and very colorful, many presented a key for 11 Elateridae genera. He was the first to times forming lateral bands on prothorax and elytra. The borders draw attention on the absence of a distinct suture between the of mesosternal cavity are thick and horizontal basally, and the meso- and metasternum, behind the mesosternal cavity. Since suture behind the mesosternal cavity is absent or obsolete. this time, this character has been used as diagnostic feature of Previous workers have characterized the species especially by the genus. the pubescence coloration and the shapes of the scutellum ERICHSON (1841) treated of 18 Chalcolepidius species, and and antennae. The majority of the species present scutellum redefined C. porcatus (including Elater virens Fabricius and folded (previously called triangular) and in several of them, a E. striatus Linnaeus as synonyms), C. limbatus (with Elater wide range of coloration variation is observed, showing a clear striatus Fabricius as synonym), C. zonatus Eschscholtz, C. gradation when a large series is analyzed. This variation and lafargi Chevrolat, C. sulcatus (Fabricius), C. desmarestii the small number of specimens available to study, led the Chevrolat, C. silbermanni Chevrolat, C. obscurus Castelnau, previous workers to describe specimens from different position C. aequinoctialis Castenau and C. mexicanus Castelnau. He of one range of coloration pubescence as different species. also described C. herbstii (including Elater sulcatus Herbst as The only revision of the genus was made a long ago in the synonym), C. approximatus, C. fabricii, C. sericeus, C. nineteenth century, and the last identification key as well in pruinosus, C. procerus, C. prasianus and C. attenuatus. Three 1886. Since that time, about forty species were described and, species described by ERICHSON (l.c.) were considered as the lack of a recent taxonomic revision and an updated key, synonyms by CANDÈZE (1857): C. sericeus = C. silbermanni become the species identification a very hard task. Chevrolat, 1835, C. procerus = C. dermarestii Chevrolat, 1835 The goal of the present work is to revise the genus and C. prasianus = C. viridipilis (Say, 1825). Chalcolepidius pointing out new morphological characters to LACORDAIRE (1857) redescribed the genus, enumerated the recognize the species, to enumerate the intraspecific variations sexual differences and, by first time, observed the fringe of and present an identification key to species. long cilia on tibiae of males. This character is not generic but it When this study was initiated, Chalcolepidius consisted is present in a large group of species. He also divided the of 88 species (about 160 nominal species), from which 105 species into two groups based on antennal shape: flabellate in nominal including 65 types, corresponding to 85 valid species male and pectinate in female, with only one species of North were studied. Three valid species, C. costatus Pjatakowa, 1941, America, C. viridipilis Say, or serrate in both sexes, including C. fleutiauxi Pjatakowa, 1941 and C. viriditarsus Schwarz, 1906, the remainder species. The last group, with serrate antennae, were not examined because the type material was not located was subdivided according to the scutellum shape: horizontal and none specimen fitting in the original descrition was found. on basal half and declivous or vertical on anterior half (including Based on the morphology of these species, a new C. attenuatus Erichson and C. desmarestii Chevrolat from interpretation of the scutellum shape is presented. The Mexico, and C. erichsonii Guérin-Méneville and C. gossipiatus coloration and some characters related to the male and female Guérin-Méneville, from “Nouvelle Grenade”) or scutellum genitalia are also used to define the species. horizontal, including species from hot areas of South America In the present revision, the genus Chalcolepidius is (C. herbstii Erichson, C. limbatus Eschscholtz, C. porcatus constituted by 63 species. Three species, C. alicii Pjatakowa, (Linnaeus) and C. zonatus Eschscholtz), Colombia (C. 1941, C. haroldi Candèze, 1878 and C. unicus Fleutiaux, 1910, bomplandii Guérin-Méneville and C. fabricii Erichson), Mexico, were removed from the genus and will be transferred
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Insecta Mundi
    A journal of world insect systematics INSECTA MUNDI 0794 Host-use patterns of canopy-inhabiting click beetles Page Count: 16 (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in a lowland rainforest in southern Venezuela Susan Kirmse Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Museum of Entomology Gainesville, FL, USA Paul J. Johnson Insect Biodiversity Lab, Box 2207A 1148 Medary Avenue, South Dakota State University Brookings, South Dakota 57007, USA Date of issue: September 25, 2020 Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc., Gainesville, FL Kirmse S, Johnson PJ. 2020. Host-use patterns of canopy-inhabiting click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in a lowland rainforest in southern Venezuela. Insecta Mundi 0794: 1–16. Published on September 25, 2020 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P.O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non- marine arthropod. Topics considered for publication include systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, checklists, faunal works, and natural history. Insecta Mundi will not consider works in the applied sciences (i.e. medi- cal entomology, pest control research, etc.), and no longer publishes book reviews or editorials. Insecta Mundi publishes original research or discoveries in an inexpensive and timely manner, distributing them free via open access on the internet on the date of publication. Insecta Mundi is referenced or abstracted by several sources, including the Zoological Record and CAB Abstracts. Insecta Mundi is published irregularly throughout the year, with completed manuscripts assigned an individual number. Manuscripts must be peer reviewed prior to submission, after which they are reviewed by the editorial board to ensure quality.
    [Show full text]
  • Supply for H Cement
    REQUEST OF PROPOSAL FOR EXPRESSION OF INTEREST – SUPPLY OF CLASS H CEMENT. Introduction LaGEO S.A. de C.V. (LAGEO), a power production company of El Salvador, is in the final stages of negotiating a loan with the World Bank (P170089 – financial identifier of the project within the World Bank) to increase the generation of electrical energy based on local geothermal resources. The scope of the project consists of the construction and commissioning of two condensing geothermal plants, one to be installed in the Chinameca geothermal field in eastern El Salvador with a generation capacity of 25 MW and the other to be placed in the San Vicente geothermal field in central El Salvador with a generation capacity of 10 MW. A vital component of these projects is drilling additional geothermal wells, which require the supply of Class H cement supply. This expression of interest request aims to understand the market for the specific requirement for the supply of Class H cement for a total of nine (9) wells in the Chinameca and San Vicente geothermal fields. Likewise, establish communication with interested companies, who will subsequently be informed about the tender process and invited to participate in it. Project Description Chinameca Geothermal Field The Chinameca geothermal field is located 130 km east of San Salvador, the capital city of El Salvador, in the department of San Miguel, within the Pacayal-Limbo volcanic complex. The towns of Chinameca and Nueva Guadalupe, both located to the north of the geothermal field. The supply of Class H cement will be used to drill six (6) geothermal wells.
    [Show full text]
  • Tesis: Estudio Faunístico De La Familia Elateridae (Insecta
    UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ESTUDIO FAUNÍSTICO DE LA FAMILIA ELATERIDAE (INSECTA: COLEOPTERA) EN LA ESTACIÓN DE BIOLOGÍA CHAMELA, JALISCO, MÉXICO TE SIS QUE PARA OBTENER EL TÍTULO DE: BIÓLOGO PRESENTA : ERICK OMAR MARTÍNEZ LUQUE DIRECTOR DE TESIS: ALEJANDRO ZALDÍVAR RIVERÓN MÉXICO, D. F. 2014 UNAM – Dirección General de Bibliotecas Tesis Digitales Restricciones de uso DERECHOS RESERVADOS © PROHIBIDA SU REPRODUCCIÓN TOTAL O PARCIAL Todo el material contenido en esta tesis esta protegido por la Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor (LFDA) de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (México). El uso de imágenes, fragmentos de videos, y demás material que sea objeto de protección de los derechos de autor, será exclusivamente para fines educativos e informativos y deberá citar la fuente donde la obtuvo mencionando el autor o autores. Cualquier uso distinto como el lucro, reproducción, edición o modificación, será perseguido y sancionado por el respectivo titular de los Derechos de Autor. FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS Secretaría General División de &tudios Profesionales Votos Aprobatorios VXlVD<'iDAD NAqONAL AVl"N°MA DI: M[XIC,O DR. ISIDRO Á VILA MARTÍNEZ Director General Dirección General de Administración Escolar Presente Por este medio hacemos de su conocimiento que hemos revisado el trabajo escrito titulado: Estudio faunístico de la familia Elateridae (lnsecta: Coleoptera) en la Estación de Biología Charnela, Jalisco, México. realizado por Martínez Luque Erick Ornar con número de cuenta 3-0532714-1 quien ha decidido titularse mediante la opción de tesis en la licenciatura en Biología. Dicho trabajo cuenta con nuestro voto aprobatorio. Propietario Dr. Juan José Morrone Lupi Propietario Dr. Andrés Rarnírez Ponce ;i-/ r Propietario Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • OECD Territorial Grids
    BETTER POLICIES FOR BETTER LIVES DES POLITIQUES MEILLEURES POUR UNE VIE MEILLEURE OECD Territorial grids August 2021 OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities Contact: [email protected] 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Territorial level classification ...................................................................................................................... 3 Map sources ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Map symbols ................................................................................................................................................ 4 Disclaimers .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Australia / Australie ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Austria / Autriche ......................................................................................................................................... 7 Belgium / Belgique ...................................................................................................................................... 9 Canada ......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Unrest of S. Miguel Volcano (El Salvador, CA) 5 New GPS Network Design and Installation A
    Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., 3, 6117–6148, 2015 www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci-discuss.net/3/6117/2015/ doi:10.5194/nhessd-3-6117-2015 NHESSD © Author(s) 2015. CC Attribution 3.0 License. 3, 6117–6148, 2015 This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Natural Hazards and Earth The unrest of System Sciences (NHESS). Please refer to the corresponding final paper in NHESS if available. S. Miguel volcano (El Salvador, CA) The unrest of S. Miguel volcano A. Bonforte et al. (El Salvador, CA): installation of the monitoring network and observed Title Page volcano-tectonic ground deformation Abstract Introduction Conclusions References 1 2 2 2 2 1 A. Bonforte , D. Hernandez , E. Gutiérrez , L. Handal , C. Polío , S. Rapisarda , Tables Figures and P. Scarlato3 1Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania – Osservatorio Etneo, J I Piazza Roma, 2 95123 Catania, Italy J I 2Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Kilómetro 5 1/2 Carretera a Santa Tecla, Calle y Colonia Las Mercedes, San Salvador, El Salvador Back Close 3 Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Sismologia e Tettonofisica, Full Screen / Esc Via di Vigna Murata, 605 00143 Roma, Italy Received: 1 August 2015 – Accepted: 13 September 2015 – Published: 9 October 2015 Printer-friendly Version Correspondence to: A. Bonforte ([email protected]) Interactive Discussion Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 6117 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Abstract NHESSD On 29 December 2013, the Chaparrastique volcano in El Salvador, close to the town of S.
    [Show full text]
  • Pacific Offshore Record of Plinian Arc Volcanism in Central America: 2
    Article Geochemistry 3 Volume 9, Number 2 Geophysics 8 February 2008 Q02S02, doi:10.1029/2007GC001791 GeosystemsG G ISSN: 1525-2027 AN ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF THE EARTH SCIENCES Published by AGU and the Geochemical Society Pacific offshore record of plinian arc volcanism in Central America: 2. Tephra volumes and erupted masses S. Kutterolf SFB574 at Kiel University/IFM-GEOMAR, Wischhofstrasse 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, Germany ([email protected]) A. Freundt SFB574 at Kiel University/IFM-GEOMAR, Wischhofstrasse 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, Germany IFM-GEOMAR, Wischhofstrasse 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, Germany W. Pere´z SFB574 at Kiel University/IFM-GEOMAR, Wischhofstrasse 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, Germany [1] Sediment gravity cores collected from the Pacific seafloor offshore Central America contain numerous distal ash layers from plinian-type eruptions at the Central American Volcanic Arc dating back to more than 200 ka. In part 1 of this contribution we have correlated many of those ash layers between cores and with 26 tephras on land. The marine ash layers cover areas of up to 106 km2 in the Pacific Ocean and represent a major fraction (60–90%) of the erupted tephra volumes because the Pacific coast lies within a few tens of kilometers downwind from the volcanic arc. Combining our own mapping efforts on land and published mapping results with our marine data yields erupted volumes of all major tephras along the arc that range from 1 to 420 km3. Recalculated to erupted magma mass, the widespread tephras account for 65% of the total magma output at the arc.
    [Show full text]
  • Miocene to Holocene Marine Tephrostratigraphy Offshore Northern Central America and Southern Mexico: Pulsed Activity of Known Vo
    Miocene to Holocene marine tephrostratigraphy offshore northern Central America and southern Mexico: Pulsed activity of known volcanic complexes Schindlbeck, J.C.1, Kutterolf, S.2, Freundt, A.2, Eisele, S. 3, Wang, K.-L.4,5, Frische, M.2 1Heidelberg University, Institute of Earth Sciences, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany 2GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany 3 Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 4Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan 5Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan Corresponding author: Julie C. Schindlbeck ([email protected]) Key Points: Stratigraphically classified tephra database of glass compositions with correlations of marine and terrestrial tephra layers New insights into the lifetime of the major volcanic centers in Guatemala and El Salvador and their number of major eruptions Identification of five pulses of enhanced volcanic activity during the Quaternary, the Pliocene, the Late, Middle Miocene and Early This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1029/2018GC007832 © 2018 American Geophysical Union. All rights reserved. Abstract We studied the tephra inventory of fourteen deep sea drill sites of three DSDP and ODP legs drilled offshore Guatemala and El Salvador (Legs 67, 84, 138), and one leg offshore Mexico (Leg 66). Marine tephra layers reach back from the Miocene to the Holocene. We identified 223 primary ash beds and correlated these between the drill sites, with regions along the volcanic arcs, and to specific eruptions known from land.
    [Show full text]
  • USGS Open-File Report 2009-1133, V. 1.2, Table 3
    Table 3. (following pages). Spreadsheet of volcanoes of the world with eruption type assignments for each volcano. [Columns are as follows: A, Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World (CAVW) volcano identification number; E, volcano name; F, country in which the volcano resides; H, volcano latitude; I, position north or south of the equator (N, north, S, south); K, volcano longitude; L, position east or west of the Greenwich Meridian (E, east, W, west); M, volcano elevation in meters above mean sea level; N, volcano type as defined in the Smithsonian database (Siebert and Simkin, 2002-9); P, eruption type for eruption source parameter assignment, as described in this document. An Excel spreadsheet of this table accompanies this document.] Volcanoes of the World with ESP, v 1.2.xls AE FHIKLMNP 1 NUMBER NAME LOCATION LATITUDE NS LONGITUDE EW ELEV TYPE ERUPTION TYPE 2 0100-01- West Eifel Volc Field Germany 50.17 N 6.85 E 600 Maars S0 3 0100-02- Chaîne des Puys France 45.775 N 2.97 E 1464 Cinder cones M0 4 0100-03- Olot Volc Field Spain 42.17 N 2.53 E 893 Pyroclastic cones M0 5 0100-04- Calatrava Volc Field Spain 38.87 N 4.02 W 1117 Pyroclastic cones M0 6 0101-001 Larderello Italy 43.25 N 10.87 E 500 Explosion craters S0 7 0101-003 Vulsini Italy 42.60 N 11.93 E 800 Caldera S0 8 0101-004 Alban Hills Italy 41.73 N 12.70 E 949 Caldera S0 9 0101-01= Campi Flegrei Italy 40.827 N 14.139 E 458 Caldera S0 10 0101-02= Vesuvius Italy 40.821 N 14.426 E 1281 Somma volcano S2 11 0101-03= Ischia Italy 40.73 N 13.897 E 789 Complex volcano S0 12 0101-041
    [Show full text]
  • Volcanism and Geochemistry in Central America: Progress and Problems M
    Volcanism and Geochemistry in Central America: Progress and Problems M. J. Carr1, M.D. Feigenson1, L. C. Patino2 and J.A. Walker3 1Department of Geological Sciences, Rutgers University 2Department of Geological Sciences, Michigan State University 3Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, Northern Illinois University Most Central American volcanoes occur in an impressive volcanic front that trends parallel to the strike of the subducting Cocos Plate. The volcanic front is a chain, made of right-stepping, linear segments, 100 to 300 Km in length. Volcanoes cluster into centers, whose spacing is random but averages about 27 Km. These closely spaced, easily accessible volcanic centers allow mapping of geochemical variations along the volcanic front. Abundant back-arc volcanism in southeast Guatemala and central Honduras allow two cross-arc transects. Several element and isotope ratios (e.g. Ba/La, U/Th, B/La, 10Be/9Be, 87Sr/86Sr) that are thought to signal subducted marine sediments or altered MORB consistently define a chevron pattern along the arc, with its maximum in Nicaragua. Ba/La, a particularly sensitive signal, is 130 at the maximum in Nicaragua but decreases out on the limbs to 40 in Guatemala and 20 in Costa Rica, which is just above the nominal mantle value of 15. This high amplitude regional variation, roughly symmetrical about Nicaragua, contrasts with the near constancy, or small gradient, in several plate tectonic parameters such as convergence rate, age of the subducting Cocos Plate, and thickness and type of subducted sediment. The large geochemical changes over relatively short distances make Central America an important margin for seeking the tectonic causes of geochemical variations; the regional variation has both a high amplitude and structure, including flat areas and gradients.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of El Salvador Advisory Board
    THE HISTORY OF EL SALVADOR ADVISORY BOARD John T. Alexander Professor of History and Russian and European Studies, University of Kansas Robert A. Divine George W. Littlefield Professor in American History Emeritus, University of Texas at Austin John V. Lombardi Professor of History, University of Florida THE HISTORY OF EL SALVADOR Christopher M. White The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations Frank W. Thackeray and John E. Findling, Series Editors Greenwood Press Westport, Connecticut • London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data White, Christopher M., 1974– The history of El Salvador / Christopher M. White. p. cm. — (The Greenwood histories of the modern nations, ISSN 1096–2905) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–0–313–34928–7 (alk. paper) 1. El Salvador—History. I. Title. II. Series. F1486.W46 2009 972.84—dc22 2008030539 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright © 2009 by Christopher M. White All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2008030539 ISBN: 978 – 0 –313 –34928 –7 ISSN: 1096 –2905 First published in 2009 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10987654321
    [Show full text]
  • Johnson Cryptal
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ScholarSpace at University of Hawai'i at Manoa PACIFICROC. H HAWAIIANEMIRHIPINAE ENTOMOL. SOC. (2001) 35:1–12 1 A New Species of Cryptalaus from Fiji, with Taxonomic and Distributional Notes and a Key to the “Hemirhipini” of Eastern Melanesia and Polynesia (Coleoptera: Elateridae) Paul J. Johnson Research Associate, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu; mailing address: Insect Research Collection, Box 2207A, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, USA. Abstract: Taxonomic and distributional notes are provided for species of the tribe Hemirhipini and the genus Tetrigus Candèze, subfamily Agrypninae. Species treated represent Calais Laporte, Chalcolepidius Eschscholtz, Conobajulus Van Zwaluwenburg, Cryptalaus Ôhira, and Tetrigus Candèze, that occur in Fiji, Hawaii, Marquesas Is, Samoa, and Vanuatu. Cryptalaus vitilevu new species is described from Viti Levu (Fiji). Alaus carinulatus Van Zwaluwenburg and A. samoensis Van Zwaluwenburg are transferred to Cryptalaus, and are newly reported from Espiritu Santo (Vanuatu) and Tutuila (American Samoa), respectively. The adventitious Calais speciosus (Linné) is reported from Viti Levu (Fiji), and Upolu (Western Samoa). Chalcolepidius porcatus Eschscholtz is reported as adventitious on Nuku Hiva (Marquesas Islands). Conobajulus ugiensis Van Zwaluwenburg is newly reported from Viti Levu (Fiji). Alaus costulicollis Fairmaire is treated as a species inquirendum. Tetrigus silvaticus Van Zwaluwenburg is a new synonym of T. fleutiauxi Van Zwaluwenburg. A key to the hemirhipine gen- era and species, and species of Tetrigus, of Polynesia and eastern Melanesia is pro- vided. Despite the extensive work on the click beetles of Oceania by R.H.
    [Show full text]
  • El Volcan De Izalco
    VOLCAN DC IZALGO v POR JORGB LARDÉ, DIRECTOR DEL OBSERVATORIO SISM0LÔG1C0 DE EL SALVADOR SAN SALVADOR, EL VOLCAN DE IZALCO Viaje geológico a ©se Volcán. — Descripción del mismo y de sus contornos. — Sus últimas erup- ciones, — Origen e historia docu- mentada y crítica de ese Volcán desde el año 1524 hasta nues- tros días (año 1923) POR 10RSE LñRQE, DIRECTOR DEL OBSERVATORIO SISMOLÓGICO DE EL SALVADOR OBRA PUBLICADA POR EL SUPREMO GOBIERNO SAN SALVADOR, G. A., 1923 IMPRENTA NACIONAL AL LECTOR A principios de noviembre de 1920 tuvimos noti- cias de que al pie del Volcán de Izalco, entre él y el Cerro Verde, se había abierto la tierra, y que por las grietas salía lava y se producían grandes explosiones. El fenómeno eruptivo por sí mismo, y el hecho de iniciarse la formación de un nuevo cono volcánico (co- mo decían los partes), eran motivos suficientes- para ir a estudiar de cerca los fenómenos que allí tenían lugar y reunir todos los testimonios que fuera posible acerca del proceso que hasta entonces había seguido. En consecuencia, fui enviado al nuevo centro volcá- nico por el Dr. Hermógenes Alvarado (h.), Subsecreta- rio de Estado, encargado de la Cartera de Instrucción Pública, con el fin de estudiar los nuevos fenómenos eruptivos. La ocasión que me proporcionaba el Dr. Alvarado para completar los estudios que desde 1915 había em- pezado a hacer del Volcán de Izalco, debía ser apro- vechada, y con tal motivo, además de hacer un estudio de los fenómenos eruptivos que tenían lugar, recorrí los contornos, ascendí a la cima del volcán, llevando el instrumental necesario, parte del cual bondadosamente me fue proporcionado por el Dr.
    [Show full text]