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Predicted Values of the Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity Coefficients of Nitrous Oxide ai H H£K 13 ••< MR 1 Mr ^^H Ab . > H .•*. V 1 *'"* ' ^H i* <:m I ^^? Hra ^ v LA <5 NBS TECHNICAL NOTE 693 NBS Pubii - cations U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE / National Bureau of Standards Predicted Values of the Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity Coefficients of Nitrous Oxide QC 100 U5753 no. 693 1977 NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS 1 The National Bureau of Standards was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to pro- mote public safety. The Bureau consists of the Institute for Basic Standards, the Institute for Materials Research, the Institute for Applied Technology, the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, the Office for Information Programs, and the Office of Experimental Technology Incentives Program. THE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS provides the central basis within the United States of a complete and consist- ent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system with measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essen- tial services leading to accurate and uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce. The Institute consists of the Office of Measurement Services, and the following center and divisions: Applied Mathematics — Electricity — Mechanics — Heat — Optical Physics — Center for Radiation Research — Lab- ~ 8 oratory Astrophysics" — Cryogenics- — Electromagnetics — Time and Frequency . THE INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measure- ment, standards, and data on the properties of well-characterized materials needed by industry, commerce, educational insti- tutions, and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; and develops, produces, and distributes standard reference materials. The Institute consists of the Office of Standard Reference Materials, the Office of Air and Water Measurement, and the following divisions: Analytical Chemistry — Polymers — Metallurgy — Inorganic Materials — Reactor Radiation — Physical Chemistry. THE INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED TECHNOLOGY provides technical services developing and promoting the use of avail- able technology; cooperates with public and private organizations in developing technological standards, codes, and test meth- ods; and provides technical advice services, and information to Government agencies and the public. The Institute consists of the following divisions and centers: Standards Application and Analysis — Electronic Technology — Center for Consumer Product Technology: Product Systems Analysis; Product Engineering — Center for Building Technology: Structures, Materials, and Safety; Building Environment; Technical Evaluation and Application — Center for Fire Research: Fire Science; Fire Safety Engineering. THE INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY conducts research and provides technical services designed to aid Government agencies in improving cost effectiveness in the conduct of their programs through the selection, acquisition, and effective utilization of automatic data processing equipment: and serves as the principal focus wthin the exec- utive branch for the development of Federal standards for automatic data processing equipment, techniques, and computer languages. The Institute consist of the following divisions: Computer Services — Systems and Software — Computer Systems Engineering — Information Technology. THE OFFICE OF EXPERIMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INCENTIVES PROGRAM seeks to affect public policy and process to facilitate technological change in the private sector by examining and experimenting with Government policies and prac- tices in order to identify and remove Government-related barriers and to correct inherent market imperfections that impede the innovation process. THE OFFICE FOR INFORMATION PROGRAMS promotes optimum dissemination and accessibility of scientific informa- tion generated within NBS; promotes the development of the National Standard Reference Data System and a system of in- formation analysis centers dealing with the broader aspects of the National Measurement System; provides appropriate services the to ensure that the NBS staff has optimum accessibility to the scientific information of the world. The Office consists of following organizational units: Office of Standard Reference Data — Office of Information Activities — Office of Technical Publications — Library — Office of International Standards — Office of International Relations. 1 Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithersburg, Maryland, unless otherwise noted; mailing address Washington, D.C. 20234. a Located at Boulder, Colorado 80302. m* t * iwi Predicted Values of the Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity Coefficients r of Nitrous Oxide 1 Howard J. M. Hanley Cryogenics Division Institute for Basic Standards National Bureau of Standards Boulder, Colorado 80302 * L T J / U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary Dr. Betsy Ancker-Johnson , Assistant Secretary for Science and Technology NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Acting Director Issued March 1977 NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS TECHNICAL NOTE 693 Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Tech Note 693, 64 pages (March 1977) CODEN: NBTNAE U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON"; 1977 For sale by the Superintendent ot Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office , Washington, D.C. 20402 Order by SD Catalog No C 13. 46:693). Price $1.20 (Add 25 percent additional for other than U.S. mailing). 1 CONTENTS Page Abstract 1 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. DATA SURVEY 1 3. PREDICTION METHOD 2 3 . Summary 8 3.2 Kinetic Theory 8 3.3 The Behavior of the Thermal Conductivity Coefficient in the Critical Region 9 4. COMPARISONS WITH DATA 10 5. TABLES 12 5.1 Assessment of Accuracy 12 6. MIXTURES 31 7. CONCLUSION 31 8. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 31 9. REFERENCES 48 APPENDIX. Application of Statistical Mechanics 50 Note on Units The results in this paper are given in British Engineering units at the specific request of the sponsor. Selected results, however, are also given in SI units to conform with the policy of the National Bureau of Standards to promote the SI system. in LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1. Top curve: 1 atm viscosity percent deviation plot between values predicted from equation (20) and the correlation equation (31) . Percent deviation is defined as n[eq. (20)] -n[eq. (31) ]*100.0/n[eq. (31)]. Bottom curve: 1 atm thermal conductivity deviations between equation (21) and equation (31) 14 Figure 2. Dense gas and liquid isotherms for the thermal conduc- tivity coefficient calculated from equation (21) (curves) compared with the data of reference [19] (open and filled circles) 16 Figure 3(a). Viscosity coefficient of dilute N„0: comparison between kinetic theory values and equation (31) 58 Figure 3(b). Plot of the second virial, B, versus temperature. Data, filled circles, from reference [30]. The curve is from equation (9A) , while the triangles are results discussed in the text 58 . PREDICTED VALUES OF THE VISCOSITY AND THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY COEFFICIENTS OF NITROUS OXIDE" Howard J. M. Hanley The viscosity and thermal conductivity coefficients of nitrous oxide are calculated for temperatures between 180 and 900 K (330 to 1600°R) for pressures to 23 MPa (^ 3500 psi) . Tables of values are presented. Two mixtures with carbon dioxide are also discussed. These transport coefficients (for the pure fluid and for the mixtures) were predicted from thermodynamic data. Details of the prediction procedure are presented. Estimates of the accuracy of the tabular values are + 6% for the viscosity and + 8% for the thermal conductivity. Key words: Carbon dioxide; corresponding states; mixtures; nitrous oxide; prediction; thermal conductivity; transport property; viscosity. 1. INTRODUCTION In this report we discuss the transport coefficients — the viscosity coefficient (f)) and the thermal conductivity coefficient (A) — of nitrous oxide, N~0. Tables of values are presented from 0.1 to 23 MPa (approximately 15 to 3500 psi) for temperatures between 180 and 900 K (approximately 330 to 1600°R) Two selected' mixtures of nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide are considered briefly, Nitrous oxide is a common substance yet the transport coefficients have not been measured over a wide temperature and pressure range. In fact, the data are so scarce we prefer to obtain the coefficients by calculation [1]: the limited data are used only to check the procedure where possible. 2. DATA SURVEY A bibliography of data sources for the thermodynamic and transport properties of nitrous oxide was prepared by the Cryogenic Data Center, National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, Colorado. The appropriate references for the Contribution of the National Bureau of Standards, not subject to' copyright viscosity and thermal conductivity are as follows: viscosity coefficient , references [2]-[8]; thermal conductivity coefficient , references [9]-[23]. We have correlated the transport coefficients of several simple fluids [Ar, 0„, N„ , CH, , C~H,] in a series of papers [24]. Criteria were set up to evaluate data critically, and an equation to represent the coefficients was proposed. Unfortunately, this procedure cannot
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