sign in sign up
<<
Home , UN M49

June 2018 CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3 E

COMMISSION ON GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE

Item 3.1 of the Provisional Agenda

INTERGOVERNMENTAL TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP ON ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE

Tenth Session

Rome, 27 – 29 June 2018

STATUS AND TRENDS OF ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES - 20181

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page I. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 II. STATE OF REPORTING ...... 1 III. BREED DIVERSITY ...... 3 IV. RISK STATUS OF ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES ...... 8 V. TRENDS IN BREED STATUS AND DIVERSITY ...... 14 VI. ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES REFLECTED IN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS ...... 14 VII. CONCLUSIONS ...... 17 Annex 1 - Status of population data reported by each and region ...... 18 Annex 2 - Numbers of local and transboundary breeds by risk status category reported by each country and region ...... 26

1 Based on data reported by National Coordinators for the Management of Animal Genetic Resources to DAD-IS by March 2018. This document is printed in limited numbers to minimize the environmental impact of FAO's processes and contribute to climate neutrality. Delegates and observers are kindly requested to bring their copies to meetings and to avoid asking for additional copies. Most FAO meeting documents are available on the Internet at www.fao.org ii CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3

Tables Table 1. Status of information recorded in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources ...... 2 Table 2. Mammalian species – numbers of reported local breeds ...... 6 Table 3. Avian species – numbers of reported local breeds ...... 6 Table 4. Mammalian species – numbers of reported regional transboundary breeds ...... 7 Table 5. Avian species – numbers of reported regional transboundary breeds ...... 7 Table 6. Mammalian species – numbers of reported international transboundary breeds ...... 7 Table 7. Avian species – numbers of reported international transboundary breeds ...... 8 Table 8. Numbers of extinct mammalian breeds ...... 13 Table 9. Number of extinct avian breeds...... 13 Table 10. Years of extinction ...... 13 Figures Figure 1. Proportions of national breed populations for which population data have been reported ...... 2 Figure 2. Last population updates within ...... 3 Figure 3a. Number of local and transboundary breeds at global level ...... 4 Figure 3b. Number of local and transboundary breeds at regional level ...... 5 Figure 5. Risk status of the ’s mammalian breeds in March 2018: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by species ...... 11 Figure 6. Risk status of the world’s avian breeds in February 201March 2018: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by species ...... 11 Figure 7. Risk status of the world’s mammalian breeds in March 2018: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by region ...... 12 Figure 8. Risk status of the world’s avian breeds March 2018 absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by region ...... 12 Figure 9. Changes in risk status of local breeds from 1990 to 2018 ...... 14 Figure 10. Indicator 2.5.1. of the Sustainable Development Goals on the numbers of local breed populations with material stored in a cryobank by region ...... 16 Figure 11. Indicator 2.5.2. of the Sustainable Development Goals on the proportions of local breeds, classified as being at risk, not-at risk or unknown level of risk of extinction ...... 16

CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3 iii

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product are not warranted to be error free and do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The general FAO Terms and Conditions can be found at the following URL: http://data.fao.org/terms The source for names of administrative units is the online version of the publication "Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical Use" originally published as Series M, No. 49 and now commonly referred to as the M49 standard. The print version of the standard was issued last in 1999 and previously in 1996, 1982, 1975 and 1970. M49 is prepared by the Statistics Division of the United Nations Secretariat primarily for use in its publications and databases. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/

Global Administrative Unit Layers (GAUL) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UNFAO) http://www.fao.org/geonetwork/srv/en/main.home?uuid=f7e7adb0-88fd-11da-a88f-000d939bc5d8

United Nations Cartographic Section, Department of Field Support. http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/english/htmain.h

CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3 1

I. INTRODUCTION

According to the request of the Twelfth Regular Session of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Commission),2 this report follows the structure set out in the document Format and content of future status and trends reports on animal genetic resources,3 taking into account the amendments requested by the Commission at its Fourteenth Regular Session.4 The analysis is based on FAO’s Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, backbone of the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS). It updates the data published in the report Status of animal genetic resources – 2016.5 Prior to the analysis, all National Coordinators for the Management of Animal Genetic Resources (National Coordinators) were asked to update their national data as completely as possible by a set deadline and were reminded of the need to insert data related to adaptedness, that is, to classify breeds as either “locally adapted” or “exotic”. The present report begins by describing the state of reporting on animal genetic resources for food and agriculture and the progress made in this respect during the reporting period. A description of the current regional distribution of livestock species and breeds is then presented, followed by an overview of the risk status of the world’s livestock breeds. Consistent with the request of the Commission, a cut-off point of ten years is applied for the calculation of risk status: Any breed for which no population data have been reported for ten years is considered to be of unknown risk status. Calculations are based on the most up-to-date current and historical data available in DAD-IS as of 6 March 2018. A new version of DAD-IS was launched on 21 November 2017. This new DAD-IS for the first time applies the method for assigning breeds to risk-status categories according to the guidelines In vivo conservation of animal genetic resources6, which was approved with the endorsement of the guidelines by the Commission at its Fourteenth Regular Session7,8. Due to this new risk classification, direct comparisons with previous status and trends reports are not valid. No indicators based on the breed classification of “adaptedness” are presented, inasmuch as the amount of information available in DAD-IS by March 2018 was still insufficient for a sound interpretation of those indicators. The report presents again indicators that are directly linked to the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations, specifically to Target 2.5 of Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture. The annexes to the report provide a detailed breakdown of the state of reporting, by country and by region.

II. STATE OF REPORTING The Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources currently contains data from 182 countries and for 38 species. The total number of national breed populations recorded in the Global Databank increased slightly during the reporting period (Table 1). The total number of mammalian national breed populations recorded in March 2018 was 11 371, as compared to 11 116 in February 2016. The total number of avian national breed populations recorded in 2018 was 3 689, as compared to 3 799 in 2016 because some countries decided to delete from DAD-IS records for some of their national avian breed populations. Since 2016, the percentage of avian national breed populations for which population data (including those for which no updates have been provided during the last ten years) are available has increased from 57 percent to 58 percent, whereas for mammals the proportion has increased from 61 percent to 62 percent (Table 1). Figure 1 presents data on reporting activity according to region. The level of activity in updating data differs substantially among countries and regions. As shown in Figure 2, since 2016, forty-seven countries provided updated census information for at least one of their national breed populations. For 22 countries the last update was between 2011 and 2015 and for 16 countries the last

2 CGRFA-12/09/Report, paragraph 39. 3 CGRFA/WG-AnGR-5/09/3.2. 4 CGRFA-14/13/Report, paragraphs 28-32. 5 CGRFA-16/17/Inf.3 (http://www.fao.org/3/a-mr792e.pdf). 6 http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3327e/i3327e.pdf 7 CGRFA-14/13/Report para 60 8 CGRFA-14/13/12, paragraph 12

2 CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3 update was between 2009 and 2010. For these l6 countries, this means that if no update is provided during the next two years, all breeds will be considered to have unknown risk status in the next status and trends report. In total, 108 countries have not provided any new population size data since 2009. As of March 2018, 9 970 (66 percent) national breed populations remained unclassified by National Coordinators with regard to adaptedness, compared to 10 563 (71 percent) in 2016. Although the proportion of classified breeds has continued to increase (from 29 percent to 34 percent), the proportion was still considered too small to justify further analysis of breed populations according to their adaptedness. Therefore, no indicator based on this classification system is presented in this report. Table 1. Status of information recorded in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources Mammalian species Avian species Proportion Year of Number of with Number of Proportion with Countries analysis national breed population national breed population data covered populations data populations (%) (%) 1993 2719 53 - - 131 1995 3019 73 863 85 172 1999 5330 63 1049 77 172 2006 10512 43 3505 39 181 2008 10550 52 3450 47 181 2010 10507 54 3414 47 182 2012 10712 57 3482 48 182 2014 11062 60 3807 56 182 2016 11116 61 3799 57 182 2018 11371 62 3689 58 182

No data recorded for , Darussalam, , , (Federated States of), , , , , , South , Timor-Leste, , . Figure 1. Proportions of national breed populations for which population data have been reported

CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3 3

Figure 2. Last population updates within countries

III. BREED DIVERSITY A global total of 8 803 breeds (compared to 8 822 in 2016 and 8 774 in 2014) has been reported; 7 745 are local breeds (compared to 7 761 in 2016 and 7 718 in 2014) and 1 058 are transboundary breeds (compared to 1 061 in 2016 and 1 056 in 2014). Among the transboundary breeds, 511 (compared to 499 in 2016 and 510 in 2014) are regional transboundary breeds (reported in only one region) and 547 (compared to 562 in 2016 and 546 in 2014) are international transboundary breeds (reported in more than one region). Presently, 7 percent or 600 breeds (compared to 643 in 2016 and 647 in 2014) are classified as extinct, of which 6 are transboundary breeds (compared to 4 in 2016 and 4 in 2014). Unless otherwise indicated, extinct breeds were excluded from the analyses undertaken to produce the results presented in the subsequent sections of this document. Figure 3a shows the shares of local, regional transboundary and international transboundary breeds among the mammalian and avian breeds of the world. Approximately two-thirds of reported breeds belong to mammalian species. In mammalian species, the number of regional transboundary breeds is slightly larger than the number of international transboundary breeds. Conversely, in avian species, international transboundary breeds outnumber regional transboundary breeds by a 2-to-1 margin. Mammalian breeds outnumber avian breeds in all regions of the world (Figure 3b). Considerable variation exists among regions in terms of the proportions of the three breed distribution categories in the total number of breeds. In and the Caucasus, , and the Near and Middle East, local breeds make up more than three-quarters of all breeds. In and the and the region, the proportion of local breeds is smaller, but still exceeds 60 percent of all breeds. Conversely, international transboundary breeds are a majority in the Southwest Pacific and (Figure 3b). Regional transboundary mammalian breeds are relatively numerous (more than 5 percent of the respective total number of breeds in the region) in Europe and the Caucasus, Africa, and North America. In only Europe and the Caucasus are there large numbers of regional transboundary avian breeds (68 such breeds in Europe and the Caucasus versus fewer than 10 each of the other regions).

4 CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3

Figure 3a. Number of local and transboundary breeds at global level

CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3 5

Figure 3b. Number of local and transboundary breeds at regional level

6 CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3

Note that international transboundary breeds are counted in each region where they occur. Therefore, for this category of breeds, the global total is not the sum of the regional totals.

Tables 2 and 3, respectively, show the numbers of reported local breeds of mammalian and avian species for each region of the world. For most livestock species, Europe and the Caucasus and Asia have the largest number of local breeds. The dromedary, with most local breeds located in Africa and the Near and Middle East, and the pig, with most local breeds located in Latin America and the Caribbean, are exceptions to this pattern. The totals in some categories have decreased relative to past years, because some countries have corrected their inventories. Table 2. Mammalian species – numbers of reported local breeds Latin Europe & Near & America & North Southwest Species Africa Asia the Middle World the America Pacific Caucasus East Caribbean Ass 22 39 53 24 13 6 3 160 Bactrian camel 0 9 3 0 0 0 0 12 Buffalo 3 89 8 11 5 1 2 119 Cattle 180 246 390 142 39 18 32 1047 Dromedary 48 13 1 0 23 0 2 87 Goat 90 186 222 29 35 7 11 580 Guinea pig 4 0 0 13 0 0 0 17 Horse 49 138 380 86 14 28 25 720 Pig 55 218 208 60 1 12 15 569 Rabbit 11 17 228 18 7 8 0 289 Sheep 114 264 620 59 46 23 38 1164 Yak 0 25 2 0 0 1 0 28 Others 8 17 82 16 6 8 137 Total 584 1261 2197 458 183 110 136 4929 Note : Figures exclude extinct breeds. Figures for Alpaca, American bison, deer, dog, dromedary × Bactrian camel, guanaco, llama and vicuña are combined in the “others” category

Table 3. Avian species – numbers of reported local breeds Latin Europe & Near & America & North Southwest Species Africa Asia the Middle World the America Pacific Caucasus East Caribbean Chicken 133 309 832 90 32 11 30 1437 Duck 16 95 102 22 3 1 12 251 Goose 10 44 117 5 2 0 2 180 Muscovy duck 5 9 6 1 1 0 2 24 Ostrich 2 8 2 0 0 0 0 12 Partridge 0 7 5 6 0 0 0 18 Pheasant 7 13 38 7 8 1 2 76 Pigeon 3 23 22 4 0 0 0 52 11 11 41 11 2 9 5 90 Others 42 9 19 8 2 1 1 82 Total 229 528 1184 154 50 23 54 2222 Note: Figures exclude extinct breeds. Figures for cassowary, Chilean tinamou, duck × Muscovy duck, emu, guinea fowl, ñandu, peacock, quail and swallow are combined in the “others” category. Tables 4 and 5, respectively, show the numbers of reported regional transboundary breeds of mammalian and avian species in each region of the world. For several mammalian species, including sheep, horses, rabbit and pigs, Europe and the Caucasus has the largest number of regional transboundary breeds.

CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3 7

Africa has more regional transboundary breeds of cattle and goats than any other region. Europe and the Caucasus, however, has by far the most regional transboundary breeds among avian species. The existence of large numbers of regional transboundary breeds has implications for management and conservation of animal genetic resources, and highlights the need for cooperation at regional or subregional levels. Table 4. Mammalian species – numbers of reported regional transboundary breeds Latin Europe & Near & America & North Southwest Species Africa Asia the Middle World the America Pacific Caucasus East Caribbean Ass 4 3 1 1 0 0 0 9 Buffalo 1 9 1 1 0 0 0 12 Cattle 37 19 32 6 1 2 1 98 Deer 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 Dromedary 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 Goat 16 12 14 2 0 5 1 50 Guinea pig 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Horse 6 10 37 4 0 4 0 61 Pig 3 2 16 6 0 2 0 29 Rabbit 3 0 30 1 0 0 0 34 Sheep 24 14 75 4 4 6 3 130 South American 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 camelids Total 95 71 207 29 5 19 5 431 Note: Figures exclude extinct breeds.

Table 5. Avian species – numbers of reported regional transboundary breeds Latin Europe & Near & America & North Southwest Species Africa Asia the Middle World the America Pacific Caucasus East Caribbean Chicken 4 3 42 0 0 0 0 49 Duck 0 2 12 0 0 0 0 14 Goose 0 2 7 0 0 0 0 9 Quail 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Turkey 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 7 Total 4 8 68 0 0 0 0 80 Note: Figures exclude extinct breeds. Tables 6 and 7, respectively, show the numbers of reported international transboundary mammalian and avian breeds. Cattle, sheep, horses and chicken are the species that have the greatest numbers of international transboundary breeds. Table 6. Mammalian species – numbers of reported international transboundary breeds Number of Species breeds Alpaca 2 Ass 5 Bactrian camel 2 Buffalo 3 Cattle 110 Deer 10 Dromedary 2

8 CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3

Number of Species breeds Goat 36 Horse 64 Pig 30 Rabbit 25 Sheep 98 Total 387 Note: Figures exclude extinct breeds. Table 7. Avian species – numbers of reported international transboundary breeds Number of Species breeds Cassowary 1 Chicken 106 Duck (domestic) 12 Emu 1 Goose (domestic) 14 Guinea fowl 5 Muscovy duck 1 Ostrich 3 Pigeon 1 Turkey 16 Total 160 Note: Figures exclude extinct breeds.

IV. RISK STATUS OF ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES In 2012, the method for assigning breeds to risk-status categories was amended by the introduction of a cut-off point of ten years, beyond which the risk status of a breed is considered to be unknown if no updated population data have been reported. The results presented in this section regarding breeds with unknown status are therefore comparable to those presented in the Status and trends of animal genetic resources – 2014,9 and 201610, but not to earlier reports. With exception of the unknown status, the other risk categories cannot be compared with previous status and trends reports, because, as was noted previously in this report, for the first time the classification was made according to the FAO guidelines on In vivo conservation of Animal Genetic Resources.11 A total of 2 133 breeds are classified as being at risk (24 percent of all breeds including those that are extinct). The percentage of breeds classified as being of unknown risk is approximately 59 percent, which is similar to 2016 (58 percent) (Figure 4). Among mammalian species, sheep, cattle and horse have the largest numbers of breeds at risk. However, rabbits (52 percent), horses (30 percent) and asses (22 percent) are the species with the largest proportions of breeds at risk. Figure 5 also shows the large number of breeds for which no risk-status data are available. This problem is especially notable in particular species (e.g., 87 percent for deer breeds, 72 percent for ass breeds, and 93 percent for dromedary breeds). This lack of data is a serious constraint to effective prioritization and planning of breed conservation measures. Cattle are the species with the largest number of breeds (183) reported as extinct. Large numbers of extinct breeds of sheep (129), pig (93) and horse (92) are also reported. Some breeds may have become extinct before they were documented. Any such breeds will, clearly, be missing from this analysis.

9 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 (http://www.fao.org/3/a-mm278e.pdf) 10 CGRFA-16/17/Inf.15 (http://www.fao.org/3/a-mr792e.pdf) 11 http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3327e/i3327e.pdf

CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3 9

Among avian species, chickens have by far the greatest number of breeds at risk on a global scale (Figure 6). The proportion of avian breeds of unknown risk status is even greater than for mammalian species. Extinct breeds have mainly been reported among chickens. A few cases among ducks, goose, guinea fowl and turkeys have also been reported. Figures 7 and 8 show the distribution of breeds at risk by region for mammalian and avian species. The regions with the greatest proportions of breeds classified as at risk are North America and Europe and the Caucasus for mammalian breeds (48 and 45 percent, respectively) and avian breeds (48 and 43 percent, respectively). These are the regions that have the most highly specialized livestock industries, in which production is dominated by a small number of breeds. In absolute terms, the Europe and the Caucasus region has by far the largest number of at-risk breeds. Despite the seemingly large proportions of at-risk breeds of these two regions, problems in other regions may be obscured by the large number of breeds with unknown risk status. In other regions, more than 80 percent of breeds are of unknown status. Latin America and the Caribbean, the Near and Middle East, and the Southwest Pacific report no updated population data for nearly all of their avian breeds. Almost all (except one breed in Latin America and the Caribbean and one breed in the Near and Middle East) of the avian breeds from these regions are therefore classified as being of unknown risk status. Likewise, for more than 90 percent of Africa’s breeds and more than 85 percent of Asia’s breeds, the lack of recent population data means that no risk status could be assigned for any avian breeds.

Figure 4. Proportions of the world’s breeds by risk status category

10 CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3

CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3 11

Figure 5. Risk status of the world’s mammalian breeds in March 2018: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by species

Bactrian Drom- Alpaca Ass Buffalo Cattle Deer Goat Horse Llama Pig Rabbit Sheep Yak Other Total camel edary Unknown 4 128 12 114 772 26 86 437 509 2 462 128 780 24 92 3576 Critical 1 22 1 1 106 0 1 51 147 1 29 91 83 0 7 541 Critical- maintained 0 3 0 1 7 0 0 7 5 0 3 0 14 0 1 41 Endangered 0 15 0 2 126 0 0 62 104 0 61 66 181 1 15 633 Endangered- maintained 0 0 0 1 23 0 0 13 4 0 12 0 37 0 2 92 Vulnerable 0 0 0 0 41 0 1 23 22 0 15 24 79 1 3 209 Not at risk 3 6 1 15 177 4 3 73 53 3 45 39 217 2 8 649 Extinct 0 4 0 2 183 0 1 21 92 0 93 1 129 0 0 526 Total 8 178 14 136 1435 30 92 687 936 6 720 349 1520 28 128 6267 * Other: Bactrian camel × dromedary crosses, guanacos, vicuñas, guinea pigs and dogs. Figure 6. Risk status of the world’s avian breeds in February 201March 2018: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by species

Guinea

Chicken Duck Goose fowl Muscovy duckOstrich Partridge Pheasant Pigeon Quail Turkey Other Total Unknown 984 191 137 52 23 14 12 18 52 37 88 21 1629 Critical 151 17 8 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 3 0 191 Critical- maintained 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 7 Endangered 211 31 28 0 1 0 0 0 12 5 7 1 296 Endangered- maintained 30 3 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 0 51

Vulnerable 57 4 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 5 0 72 Not at risk 154 30 15 0 1 0 0 0 1 7 7 1 216 Extinct 49 15 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 74 Total 1641 292 207 56 25 15 12 18 77 53 117 23 2536 * Other: duck × Muscovy duck crossings, Chilean tinamou, cassowaries, emus, ñandus, peacocks and swallows.

12 CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3

Figure 7. Risk status of the world’s mammalian breeds in March 2018: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by region and for international transboundary breeds

Latin Europe & Near & International America & North Southwest Africa Asia the Middle transboundary World the America Pacific Caucasus East breeds Caribbean Unknown 578 1238 841 452 188 59 132 88 3576 Critical 7 3 479 4 0 31 3 14 541 Critical- 0 6 25 2 0 8 0 0 41 maintained Endangered 13 17 539 9 0 13 4 38 633 Endangered- 1 10 70 1 0 10 0 0 92 maintained Vulnerable 7 3 160 0 0 5 0 34 209

Not at risk 71 56 287 18 0 3 2 212 649 Extinct 33 43 410 21 2 10 6 1* 526 Total 710 1376 2811 507 190 139 147 387 6267 *African Aurochs, which once lived in parts of both the Africa and the Near and Middle East regions.

Figure 8. Risk status of the world’s avian breeds March 2018 absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by region and for international transboundary breeds

Latin Europe & Near & International America & North Southwest Africa Asia the Middle transboundary World the America Pacific Caucasus East breeds Caribbean Unknown 216 473 595 153 50 9 54 79 1629 Critical 0 3 185 0 0 2 0 1 191 Critical- 0 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 7 maintained Endangered 2 1 273 0 0 5 0 15 296

Endangered- 0 6 45 0 0 0 0 0 51 maintained Vulnerable 0 1 56 0 0 5 0 10 72

Not at risk 15 51 92 1 0 2 0 55 216 Extinct 2 5 64 0 1 2 0 0 74 Total 235 541 1316 154 51 25 54 160 2536

CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3 13

Tables 8 and 9 present the numbers of extinct mammalian and avian breeds by species and region. The numbers of breeds reported to be extinct decreased from 2016 to 2018, from 643 to 600, due to corrections to inventories that were made by some countries. Europe and the Caucasus has reported far more extinct mammalian and avian breeds than any other region – 78 percent of the extinct mammalian breeds and 86 percent of avian breeds are reported from this region. The predominance of Europe and the Caucasus in terms of the number of breeds reported as extinct may relate, at least in part, to the relatively advanced state of breed inventory and monitoring in this region, in addition to socioeconomic factors affecting breed development. The year of extinction has been reported for only 42 percent of extinct breeds (253). A total 153 breeds became extinct after 2000 (Table 10), a large number (61) of which were avian breeds, mostly industrial lines that are no longer maintained and actively breed. Table 8. Numbers of extinct mammalian breeds

Latin Europe & Near & South- International America North Species Africa Asia the Middle west transboundary World & the America Caucasus East Pacific breeds Caribbean

Ass 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 4 Buffalo 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 Cattle 21 19 120 20 0 0 2 1 183 Dromedary 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Goat 1 2 18 0 0 0 0 0 21 Horse 6 1 77 0 0 7 1 0 92 Pig 0 15 76 1 0 0 1 0 93 Rabbit 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Sheep 4 6 113 0 1 3 2 0 129 Total 33 43 410 21 2 10 6 1 526

Table 9. Number of extinct avian breeds Latin Europe & Near & America & North Southwest Species Africa Asia the Middle World the America Pacific Caucasus East Caribbean Chicken 0 5 43 0 1 0 0 49 Duck 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 15 Goose 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 4 Guinea fowl 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Turkey 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 4 Total 2 5 64 0 1 2 0 74

Table 10. Years of extinction Number of Proportion Year breeds (%) Unspecified 347 58 1900 and before 4 1 1901-2000 96 16 2001-2010 67 11 after 2010 86 14 Total 600 100

14 CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3

V. TRENDS IN BREED STATUS The data presented in Figure 9 show the evolution of risk status of local breeds over the period 1990- 2018. Over the period, the number of extinct breeds remained stable, while its relative proportion decreased. As stated earlier, the year of extinction is unknown for the majority of those breeds. The most drastic change in terms of number of breeds occurred in the years following the first report on The State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture12 and the adoption of The Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources13 in 2007, when a large amount of new breed names were reported to DAD-IS. However, relatively few updates were provided by countries on the population size of those newly entered breeds, resulting in a significantly increased proportion of local breeds with unknown risk status, from 54 percent in 2007 to 70 percent in 2008. The situation has slightly improved since then, with the proportion of unknown local breeds (including extinct breeds) having decreased to 61% in 2018. Other risk categories have remained relatively stable over time.

Figure 9. Changes in risk status of local breeds from 1990 to 2018

VI. ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES REFLECTED IN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was adopted at the UN Post-2015 Summit on 25 September 2015, and it includes 17 proposed Strategic Development Goals (SDG) and 169 targets. The United Nations Statistical Commission (UNSC) at its Forty-Sixth Session (3 - 6 March 2015) discussed and agreed on the process and modalities for the development of the indicator framework. It endorsed the establishment of the Inter-Agency and Expert Group on SDG indicators (IAEG-SDG), consisting of national statistical offices, and as observers the regional, international organizations and agencies. The IAEG-SDG is tasked to fully develop the indicator framework for the monitoring of the goals and targets of the post-2015 development agenda. The Report of the IAEG-SDG from February 201614 invited the Statistical Commission to adopt two indicators directly related to animal genetic resources for food and agriculture, related to SDG target 2.5. Target 2.5 is described as “By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and promote access

12 http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/a1250e/a1250e00.htm 13 http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/a1404e/a1404e00.htm 14 E/CN.3/2016/2/Rev.1.

CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3 15 to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed”. The global indicator framework was adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017 and is contained in the Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (A/RES/71/313).15 The following two indicators related to this target were adopted: SDG indicator 2.5.1: Number of plant and animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in either medium or long term conservation facilities; SDG indicator 2.5.2: Proportion of local breeds, classified as being at risk, not-at risk or unknown level of risk of extinction. With regard to SDG indicator 2.5.1, DAD-IS has provided the possibility for countries to report information on cryconservation programmes for each local breed only since 21 November 2017. The analysis of the Country Reports provided by 128 countries for the preparation of The Second Report on the State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture16 provides a baseline with regard to the proportion of national breed populations where sufficient material is stored for population reconstitution, of about 7%. However, the information reported in DAD-IS (Figure 10) is still scarce. According to DAD-IS, genetic material is cryoconserved for only a very low proportion (3 percent) of local breeds and for only around 1 percent of breeds is the quantity of stored material estimated to be sufficient for population reconstitution. The data from the Country Reports are not directly comparable to the data in DAD-IS, because the Country Reports refer also to transboundary breeds. However, the results based on DAD-IS data underline the urgent need for countries to report information relating to cryconserved material in DAD-IS Results for SDG indicator 2.5.2 are presented in Figure 11. Across the world, when excluding extinct breeds, 67 percent of local breeds are classified as of unknown status, 26 percent as at risk, and 7 percent as not at risk. This result differs substantially from the proportions obtained when considering local and transboundary breeds together (Figure 4), inasmuch as the majority of transboundary breeds are considered as not at risk. Results also differ widely across regions. In all regions except Europe and North America, more than 80 percent of local breeds are of unknown status. In Europe, 40 percent of local breeds have unknown status, 51 percent are considered as at risk, and 9 percent not at risk.

15 http://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313 16 http://www.fao.org/publications/sowangr/en/

16 CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3

Figure 10. Indicator 2.5.1. of the Sustainable Development Goals on the numbers of local breed populations with material stored in a cryobank by region

Figure 11. Indicator 2.5.2. of the Sustainable Development Goals on the proportions of local breeds, classified as being at risk, not-at risk or unknown level of risk of extinction

Africa Asia not at risk Europe and the Caucasus at risk Latin America and the… Near and Middle East unknown North America Southwest Pacific World 0% 50% 100%

CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3 17

VII. CONCLUSIONS During the period between February 2016 and March 2018 the coverage of the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources remained stable. Breed-related information still remains far from complete. For almost 60 percent of all reported breeds, risk status is unknown because of missing population data or the lack of recent updates. Due to the lack of data regarding the adaptedness (i.e., locally adapted versus exotic) classification of breeds, indicators, figures and tables based on this classification system were not calculated and presenting such data in future reports will depend on availability of data. Since the last report, DAD-IS has been updated and enhanced and now allows the reporting of numbers of national breed populations with genetic material stored for cryoconservation purposes. However, this information is still scarce. Therefore, data regarding SDG Indicator 2.5.1 has to be interpreted with caution. Explicit reporting on the proportions of local breeds classified as being at risk, not at risk or unknown with respect to risk of extinction is an inherent part of status and trends reports, thereby linking this report directly to the indicators under the SDGs and reflecting better the dramatic situation of local breeds. DAD-IS is the authorized information system for monitoring the livestock diversity aspects of Target 2.5 under the SDGs, in addition to serving its long-term purpose as the CBD Clearing House for information on diversity of animal genetic resources. The new version of DAD-IS allows the regular provision of up-to-date data for the annual reports on the SDGs, but depends upon more frequent reporting of breed data by FAO Members.

18 CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3

Annex 1

Status of population data reported by each country and region

1.1. Africa 1.2. Asia 1.3. Europe and the Caucasus 1.4. Latin America and the Caribbean 1.5. Near and Middle East 1.6. North America 1.7. Southwest Pacific

This annex allows countries to view the state of completeness of their breed population data in DAD-IS. They can also see how their progress in entering population data compares to that of other countries in their respective regions and the world.

The graphics show the number of breeds for which population data have been recorded and the number of breeds recorded in DAD-IS for which no population data have yet been recorded, in countries and territories. Dependent territories are listed below the respective country.

Unless otherwise indicated, the country names follow the UN M49 classification. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3 19

1.1 Africa

20 CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3

1.2 Asia

CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3 21

1.3 Europe and the Caucasus

* *

* Separated in M49 under Curaçao, (Dutch part) and Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba. ** not in M49 classification. ***A dispute exists between the Governments of and the of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the (Malvinas). (Editorial directive ST/CS/SER.A/42, United Nations Secretariat, 3 August 1999).

22 CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3

1.4 Latin America and the Caribbean

CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3 23

1.5 Near and Middle East

24 CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3

1.6 North America

CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3 25

1.7 Southwest Pacific

26 CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3

Annex 2

Numbers of local and transboundary breeds by risk status category reported by each country and region

2.0. Regional overview 2.1. Africa 2.2. Asia 2.3. Europe and the Caucasus 2.4. Latin America and the Caribbean 2.5. Near and Middle East 2.6. North America 2.7. Southwest Pacific

The tables in this annex show the numbers of local, regional transboundary and international transboundary breeds and their respective risk status by region and by country for which national breed populations have been reported in DAD-IS. Dependent territories are listed below the respective country. Unless otherwise indicated, the country names follow the UN M49 classification. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

The tables will help countries to identify the need for action in surveying and monitoring and in conservation.

2.0 Regional Overview Local Regional International not at un- not at un- not at un- Total Region at risk at risk at risk risk known risk known risk known Africa 27 67 719 3 19 75 40 160 69 1179 Asia 49 100 1640 2 7 71 31 136 88 2124 Europe and the Caucasus 1717 320 1344 121 59 92 92 221 105 4071 Latin America and the Caribbean 14 15 583 2 4 22 53 194 68 955 Near and Middle East 0 0 233 0 0 5 1 30 24 293 North America 69 5 59 10 0 9 48 127 18 345 Southwest Pacific 6 2 182 1 0 4 45 143 46 429 World 1882 509 4760 139 89 278 112 267 167 8203

2.1 Africa Local Regional International not at un- not at un- not at un- Total Country at risk at risk at risk risk known risk known risk known 0 0 16 0 0 7 1 11 2 37 0 0 18 0 1 2 0 20 0 41 0 0 10 0 1 6 2 6 0 25 3 1 5 0 4 2 2 39 3 59 0 0 22 0 3 7 2 17 5 56 0 4 3 0 0 0 0 13 3 23 Cabo Verde 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 21 0 2 8 2 5 1 39 0 0 9 0 3 3 0 7 1 23 0 0 35 0 1 9 0 5 6 56 0 0 7 0 0 1 0 7 1 16

CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3 27

2.1 Africa Local Regional International not at un- not at un- not at un- Total Country at risk at risk at risk risk known risk known risk known Congo 0 0 3 0 1 2 0 7 1 14 Côte d'Ivoire 0 0 10 0 2 4 0 2 1 19 Democratic 0 0 25 0 1 4 1 38 5 74 0 0 9 0 0 3 0 2 1 15 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 6 0 0 11 0 2 3 22 0 0 76 0 1 16 1 17 6 117 0 0 9 0 3 3 1 11 1 28 Gambia 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 4 0 0 21 0 1 5 0 13 7 47 Guinea 0 0 6 0 1 1 0 3 0 11 Guinea-Bissau 0 0 4 0 1 1 0 12 0 18 0 2 25 0 3 7 2 38 4 81 0 0 10 0 1 0 1 20 3 35 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 3 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 16 3 36 0 4 9 0 3 0 0 26 3 45 0 0 57 0 4 15 0 30 11 117 0 0 6 0 1 9 0 7 3 26 1 0 4 1 0 0 1 13 0 20 0 0 42 0 0 4 1 25 8 80 0 0 11 0 4 1 1 13 0 30 15 9 6 2 4 1 2 55 2 96 3 10 11 0 4 6 0 1 2 37 0 0 16 0 3 14 0 3 1 37 0 0 12 0 0 1 3 29 2 47 Sao Tome and Principe 0 0 6 0 0 1 0 18 3 28 0 7 7 0 3 4 1 17 9 48 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 15 3 21 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 12 0 14 0 0 18 0 0 5 0 3 2 28 4 2 62 2 3 5 19 90 9 196 Swaziland 0 0 15 0 2 2 0 15 0 34 0 0 7 0 1 10 1 10 12 41 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 10 11 29 0 0 13 0 3 7 1 15 3 42 United Republic of 1 26 21 1 10 4 1 26 0 90 0 0 15 0 1 1 3 26 3 49 0 1 6 1 4 1 6 33 5 57

28 CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3

2.2 Asia Local Regional International not at un- not at un- not at un- Total Country at risk at risk at risk risk known risk known risk known 0 0 37 0 0 7 0 2 0 46 0 0 48 0 1 5 1 17 10 82 7 16 2 0 2 1 0 10 2 40 0 0 16 0 0 5 0 4 0 25 , mainland 2 3 602 0 1 9 7 49 12 685 Democratic People's Republic of 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 IndiaKorea 0 1 222 0 6 27 3 32 7 298 5 41 111 0 2 3 5 34 26 227 (Islamic Republic of) 0 0 59 0 0 5 3 13 8 88 0 0 48 0 0 1 4 26 10 89 0 0 46 0 0 11 2 11 6 76 0 0 26 0 0 8 0 9 6 49 Lao People's Democratic 0 0 16 0 0 3 0 3 3 25 MalaysiaRepublic 4 2 18 1 1 4 1 25 4 60 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 3 1 8 0 1 40 0 0 6 0 10 2 59 0 0 19 0 0 1 1 17 3 41 0 0 33 0 0 14 3 24 7 81 0 0 104 0 0 13 2 12 4 135 0 0 9 0 0 1 0 13 0 23 0 0 45 0 0 4 5 52 13 119 Republic of Korea 20 4 22 0 0 1 4 41 8 100 4 6 12 0 3 6 1 30 3 65 0 0 20 0 1 11 0 10 1 43 1 4 14 1 0 4 0 1 0 25 0 0 10 0 0 8 1 4 1 24 0 0 21 0 0 12 0 7 5 45 Viet Nam 6 22 35 0 0 5 2 22 5 97

CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3 29

2.3 Europe and the Caucasus Local Regional International not at un- at not at un- not at un- Total Country at risk at risk risk known risk risk known risk known 5 4 34 2 0 2 0 26 0 73 0 0 13 1 0 6 0 15 3 38 25 1 0 7 10 0 7 29 0 79 0 0 29 2 0 8 1 6 0 46 0 0 15 0 2 2 0 9 1 29 46 2 26 18 8 4 10 60 2 176 0 0 19 0 1 1 1 3 0 25 59 12 3 3 0 2 3 29 0 111 29 7 2 4 5 0 3 41 0 91 1 1 15 0 1 0 1 10 0 29 Czechia 26 6 3 10 9 0 7 49 2 112 41 7 4 3 2 0 2 39 1 99 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 10 2 1 2 1 21 7 45 27 4 6 3 1 2 1 35 3 82 59 17 179 18 7 13 17 64 5 379 French 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 4 Réunion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 24 2 0 17 1 1 1 46 412 46 25 46 29 2 31 86 2 679 23 7 5 0 1 0 1 20 0 57 35 6 52 7 6 5 6 50 8 175 2 4 0 1 2 0 0 8 0 17 Ireland 15 3 20 4 4 17 22 66 18 169 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 4 5 12 152 25 68 2 3 1 4 19 0 274 18 0 4 3 4 3 1 40 5 78 7 0 13 2 8 5 2 40 3 80 113 1 0 11 14 0 7 44 0 190 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 4 0 7 9 2 2 0 1 0 0 4 0 18 93 8 7 40 24 4 35 106 5 322 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 3 42 5 3 1 3 0 1 27 0 82 103 16 9 9 5 2 6 39 2 191 29 20 1 1 1 0 0 9 0 61 Azores Islands 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Republic of 0 0 17 0 2 2 0 17 9 47 0 0 93 8 1 9 6 25 7 149 Russian Federation 0 0 178 4 4 22 0 48 24 280 17 1 10 2 13 2 5 38 3 91 16 2 9 17 13 1 9 53 1 121 29 1 33 13 13 2 14 53 8 166

30 CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3

2.3 Europe and the Caucasus Local Regional International not at un- at not at un- not at un- Total Country at risk at risk risk known risk risk known risk known 105 51 56 2 1 0 2 16 2 235 44 3 6 4 1 2 7 29 3 99 15 8 3 8 2 0 1 9 0 46 The former Yugoslav Republic of 0 0 7 0 1 1 0 10 0 19 Macedonia Turkey 12 16 55 1 1 1 2 15 3 106 40 20 70 5 9 5 6 67 13 235 United Kingdom of Great Britain 66 13 203 34 13 31 56 133 32 581 and Northern Ireland 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 2 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2

CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3 31

2.4 Latin America and the Local Regional International Caribbean Total not at at not at un- not at un- Country at risk unknown at risk risk risk risk known risk known 0 0 8 0 0 1 3 32 6 50 Argentina 1 3 19 0 0 2 6 40 0 71 Bahamas 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 6 0 0 0 2 20 2 30 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (Plurinational State of) 0 3 23 1 3 2 5 47 3 87 0 0 92 0 0 1 19 103 22 237 0 1 47 0 2 3 7 67 18 145 0 0 20 0 0 3 2 41 4 70 0 0 4 1 0 2 2 19 3 31 0 0 44 0 1 1 7 45 6 104 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 23 3 32 0 0 6 1 1 2 2 25 3 40 0 0 19 0 1 1 1 23 0 45 0 0 8 0 1 3 3 32 10 57 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 8 1 10 0 0 21 0 1 4 7 54 9 96 Guyana 0 0 11 0 0 2 1 28 0 42 0 0 9 0 1 2 1 20 4 37 0 0 22 0 1 5 5 54 5 92 0 0 8 0 0 0 2 15 1 26 3 3 31 1 3 3 11 58 3 116 0 0 10 1 1 1 3 43 5 64 1 0 4 0 1 2 1 18 2 29 3 0 15 1 1 1 4 64 4 93 4 1 29 0 4 4 9 70 6 127 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 11 1 31 0 0 7 0 0 0 2 16 2 27 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 13 0 1 2 5 38 6 65 0 0 5 0 0 1 2 25 6 39 2 4 50 0 0 1 11 81 5 154 (Bolivarian Republic of) 0 0 27 0 1 2 3 37 4 74

2.5 Near and Middle East Local Regional International not at un- not at un- not at un- Total Country at risk at risk at risk risk known risk known risk known 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 62 0 0 1 0 13 6 82 0 0 21 0 0 2 0 13 4 40 0 0 22 0 0 1 0 8 1 32 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 3 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 5 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 2 6 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 5 0 25 0 0 9 0 0 2 0 1 2 14

32 CGRFA/WG-AnGR-10/18/Inf.3

2.5 Near and Middle East Local Regional International not at un- not at un- not at un- Total Country at risk at risk at risk risk known risk known risk known Sudan 0 0 56 0 0 0 1 4 9 70 Syrian Arab Republic 0 0 8 0 0 1 1 5 4 19 0 0 30 0 0 1 0 1 2 34

2.6 North America Local Regional International not at un- not at un- not at un- Total Country at risk at risk at risk risk known risk known risk known 16 0 18 9 0 8 9 34 5 99 of America 53 5 34 10 0 7 47 118 10 284 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 2 1 8 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 11 1 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 United States Virgin Islands 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 3

2.7 Southwest Pacific Local Regional International not at un- not at un- not at un- Total Country at risk at risk at risk risk known risk known risk known 6 2 118 1 0 3 45 143 39 357 0 0 8 0 0 1 1 13 3 26 0 0 12 0 0 1 1 13 1 28 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 6 2 10 0 0 17 1 0 2 1 6 7 34 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 1 12 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 21 1 25 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 25 2 36 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 14 1 18 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 5 0 8 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 4 1 11