Latest Developments in Unicode and CLDR
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9 Selby Wilson Broadband in the Caribbean -CTU
5/8/2012 Caribbean Telecommunications Union A Caribbean Broadband Perspective by Selby Wilson Agenda • Overview of CTU • Why is Broadband Access Important? • International Broadband Trends • Broadband Status in the Caribbean • CTU Response 1 5/8/2012 Overview of CTU Established in 1989 Heads of Established Caribbean Centre Government of Excellence in 2009 New mandate to include ICT Launched Caribbean ICT in 2003 Roadshow in July 2009 Membership open to private Published Caribbean sector, academia & civil Spectrum Management Policy society organisations in 2004 Framework in 2009 CTU Members Anguilla Grenada Antigua/Barbuda Guyana Bahamas Jamaica Barbados Montserrat Belize St Kitts/Nevis British Virgin Is. St Lucia Cayman Is. St Maarten Cuba St. Vincent & Dominica The Grenadines Grenada Suriname Trinidad & Tobago Turks and Caicos Bureau Telecommunicatie en Post (Curacao) International Amateur Radio Union (Region2) Telecommunications Authority of Trinidad and Tobago Digicel (Trinidad & Tobago) Eastern Caribbean Telecommunications Authority 2 5/8/2012 Mission • To create an environment in partnership with members to optimize returns from ICT resources for the benefit of stakeholders Governance Structure • General Conference of Ministers ICT and Telecommunications Ministers Highest decision-making body • Executive Council Permanent Secretaries and Technical Officers Formulates plans and makes recommendations • Secretariat: Secretary General and staff Executes the decisions of the General Conference 3 5/8/2012 CTU’s Work - Guiding Principles -
Computational Development of Lesser Resourced Languages
Computational Development of Lesser Resourced Languages Martin Hosken WSTech, SIL International © 2019, SIL International Modern Technical Capability l Grammar checking l Wikipedia l OCR l Localisation l Text to speech l Speech to text l Machine Translation © 2019, SIL International Digital Language Vitality l 0.2% doing well − 43% world population l 78% score nothing! − ~10% population © 2019, SIL International Simons and Thomas, 2019 Climbing from the Bottom l Language Tag l Linebreaking l Unicode encoding l Locale Information l Font − Character Lists − Sort order l Keyboard − physical l Content − phone © 2019, SIL International Language Tag l Unique orthography l lng – ISO639 identifier l Scrp – ISO 15924 l Structure: l RE – ISO 3166-1 − lng-Scrp-RE-variants − ahk = ahk-Latn-MM − https://ldml.api.sil.org/langtags.json BCP 47 © 2019, SIL International Language Tags l Variants l Policy Issues − dialect/language − ISO 639 is linguistic − orthography/script − Language tags are sociolinguistic − registration/private use © 2019, SIL International Unicode Encoding l Engineering detail l Policy Issues l Almost all scripts in − Use Unicode − Publish Orthography l Find a char Descriptions − Sequences are good l Implies an orthography © 2019, SIL International Fonts l Lots of fonts! l Policy Issues l SIL Fonts − Ensure industry support − Full script coverage − Encourage free fonts l Problems − adding fonts to phones © 2019, SIL− InternationalNoto styling Keyboards l Keyman l Wider industry − All platforms − More capable standard − Predictive text − More industry interest − Open Source − IDE © 2019, SIL International Keyboards l Policy Issues − Agreed layout l Per language l Physical & Mobile © 2019, SIL International Linebreaking l Unsolved problem l Word frequencies − Integration − open access − Description − same as for predictive text l Resources © 2019, SIL International Locale Information l A deep well! l Key terms l Unicode CLDR l Sorting − Industry base data l Dates, Times, etc. -
A Study on Economic Dimensions of India and China
A Study on Economic Dimensions of India and China Sunil Kumar Das Bendi Modern Institute of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar E-mail: [email protected] Tushar Kanta Pany HOD, School of Commerce, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack E-mail: [email protected] Abstract India and China are the two emerging economies of the world. They are the two most populous countries in the world who together account for more than a third of the world’s total population. A descriptive research study has been carried out for investigating the Gross Domestic Product of India and China in nominal and purchasing power parity basis. It also compares per capita gross domestic product and GDP growth rate of India and China. It also investigates the trends in the value of Chinese Yuan Renminbi (CNY) with Indian Rupee (INR). This paper also exhibits the market share in Foreign Direct Investment in Asia Pacific region in 2015. The dramatic rise not only enabled socio- economic upsurge of India and China but it also reshaped the regional and global trade trends. India replaced China as leading recipient of capital investment in Asia-Pacific with announced FDI of $63bn, as well as an 8 per cent increase in project numbers to 697. India faced various structural bottlenecks including delays in project approval, ill-targeted subsidies, a low manufacturing base and low agricultural productivity, difficulty in land acquisition, weak transportation and power networks, strict labour regulations and skill mismatches. Keywords : Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Domestic Product 1.0 Introduction Indo-China relations refer to international relations in 1978, China’s economic growth performance has been between the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the truly dramatic. -
Devaluation of Currency
Devaluation of Currency Subject: Global Economic Issues Presented to: Mr. Kamran Abdullah Presented By: Abdul Hameed Baloch BM-25011 Institute of Business & Technology, Karachi Institute Of Business & Technology (BIZTEK) Page 1 DEVALUATION OF CURRENCY TABLE OF CONTENTS S. No.Description ACKNOWLEDGEMENT PREFACE CURRENCY Institute Of Business & Technology (BIZTEK) Page 2 1.1 What Is Currency 1.2 Pakistani Currency 1.3 Role Of SBP DEVALUATION 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Devaluation In Modern Economies 2.3 Types Of Exchange Rate Systems 2.4 Country Devaluation 2.5 Effects Of Devaluation EXCHANGE RATE 3.1 SBP’s Policy About Currency 3.2 Exchange Rates FACTORS CAUSING DEVALUATION OF PKR 4.1 Balance Of Payment 4.2 Pakistan’s Balance Of Payment 4.3 Measures For Correcting Adverse BoP 4.4 Suggestions To Improve BoP 4.5 Depleting Foreign Reserves 4.6 Decreased Credit Rating 4.7 Law And Order Situation 4.8 Situation In Northern Pakistan 4.9 Proposed Remedy 4.10 Domestic Issues GLOBAL ISSUES 5.1 OVERVIEW 5.2 SUBPRIME 5.3 US, WAR ON TERROR, FOOD CRISIS AND MORE 5.4 DOLLAR AND CHINA CONCLUSION REFRENCES PREFACE The purpose of this study is to analyze the sharp drop in the value of PKR. The international crisis following the events of September 11, 2001 and the ensuing US attack on Afghanistan caught Pakistan in the crossfire, came with serious Institute Of Business & Technology (BIZTEK) Page 3 economic and political consequences for the country. With increasing number of refugees crossing the border, adverse Balance of Payments and deteriorating law and order situation, Pakistan is loosing the battle to maintain the strength of its currency which is devaluating at a helpless rate. -
Trade in Environmentally Sound Technologies Implications For
Trade in Environmentally Sound Technologies Implications for Developing Countries Policy Brief Trade in environmentally sound technologies offers triple win opportunities for the environment, economy and people in developing countries Expanding the use of environmentally sound technologies (ESTs) can serve as a driver for development, resilience and the achievement of global goals. The What are environmentally sound uptake of ESTs contributes to several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), technologies (ESTs)? such as goal 7 on energy, goal 8 on economic growth, goal 12 on sustainable consumption and production, and goal 13 on climate action. ESTs are technologies that have the Trade liberalization can further facilitate market creation and expansion for potential to significantly improve ESTs and generate opportunities for companies, particularly in developing environmental performance relative to other countries1, to participate in regional and global value chains. Increasing trade in technologies. They are not just individual ESTs offers triple win opportunities by promoting economic development, job technologies but can also refer to total creation and innovation while simultaneously fostering economic and climate systems that include know-how, procedures, resilience and enabling countries to more efficiently access the goods and goods and services, equipment, as well as services needed to improve their environmental performance. organizational and managerial procedures Global trade in ESTs has increased by over 60% from USD 0.9 trillion in 2006 to for promoting environmental sustainability. USD 1.4 trillion in 2016. While emerging economies such as China have Examples include technologies related to dramatically increased their share in global trade of ESTs, many developing renewable energy, waste management and countries, especially least developed countries (LDCs), are yet to fully harness pollution management. -
Multilingual Content Management and Standards with a View on AI Developments Laurent Romary
Multilingual content management and standards with a view on AI developments Laurent Romary To cite this version: Laurent Romary. Multilingual content management and standards with a view on AI developments. AI4EI - Conference Artificial Intelligence for European Integration, Oct 2020, Turin / Virtual, Italy. hal-02961857 HAL Id: hal-02961857 https://hal.inria.fr/hal-02961857 Submitted on 8 Oct 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Multilingual content management and standards with a view on AI developments Laurent Romary Directeur de Recherche, Inria, team ALMAnaCH ISO TC 37, chair Language and AI • Central role of language in the revival of AI (machine-learning based models) • Applications: document management and understanding, chatbots, machine translation • Information sources: public (web, cultural heritage repositories) and private (Siri, Amazon Alexa) linguistic information • European context: cf. Europe's Languages in the Digital Age, META-NET White Paper Series • Variety of linguistic forms • Spoken, written, chats and forums • Multilingualism, accents, dialects, technical domains, registers, language learners • General notion of language variety • Classifying and referencing the relevant features • Role of standards and standards developing organization (SDO) A concrete example for a start Large scale corpus Language model BERT Devlin, J., Chang, M. -
Tags for Identifying Languages File:///C:/W3/International/Draft-Langtags/Draft-Phillips-Lan
Tags for Identifying Languages file:///C:/w3/International/draft-langtags/draft-phillips-lan... Network Working Group A. Phillips, Ed. TOC Internet-Draft webMethods, Inc. Expires: October 7, 2004 M. Davis IBM April 8, 2004 Tags for Identifying Languages draft-phillips-langtags-02 Status of this Memo This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. This Internet-Draft will expire on October 7, 2004. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004). All Rights Reserved. Abstract This document describes a language tag for use in cases where it is desired to indicate the language used in an information object, how to register values for use in this language tag, and a construct for matching such language tags, including user defined extensions for private interchange. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Language Tag 2.1 Syntax 2.2 Language Tag Sources 2.2.1 Pre-Existing RFC3066 Registrations 1 of 20 08/04/2004 11:03 Tags for Identifying Languages file:///C:/w3/International/draft-langtags/draft-phillips-lan.. -
A Könyvtárüggyel Kapcsolatos Nemzetközi Szabványok
A könyvtárüggyel kapcsolatos nemzetközi szabványok 1. Állomány-nyilvántartás ISO 20775:2009 Information and documentation. Schema for holdings information 2. Bibliográfiai feldolgozás és adatcsere, transzliteráció ISO 10754:1996 Information and documentation. Extension of the Cyrillic alphabet coded character set for non-Slavic languages for bibliographic information interchange ISO 11940:1998 Information and documentation. Transliteration of Thai ISO 11940-2:2007 Information and documentation. Transliteration of Thai characters into Latin characters. Part 2: Simplified transcription of Thai language ISO 15919:2001 Information and documentation. Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters ISO 15924:2004 Information and documentation. Codes for the representation of names of scripts ISO 21127:2014 Information and documentation. A reference ontology for the interchange of cultural heritage information ISO 233:1984 Documentation. Transliteration of Arabic characters into Latin characters ISO 233-2:1993 Information and documentation. Transliteration of Arabic characters into Latin characters. Part 2: Arabic language. Simplified transliteration ISO 233-3:1999 Information and documentation. Transliteration of Arabic characters into Latin characters. Part 3: Persian language. Simplified transliteration ISO 25577:2013 Information and documentation. MarcXchange ISO 259:1984 Documentation. Transliteration of Hebrew characters into Latin characters ISO 259-2:1994 Information and documentation. Transliteration of Hebrew characters into Latin characters. Part 2. Simplified transliteration ISO 3602:1989 Documentation. Romanization of Japanese (kana script) ISO 5963:1985 Documentation. Methods for examining documents, determining their subjects, and selecting indexing terms ISO 639-2:1998 Codes for the representation of names of languages. Part 2. Alpha-3 code ISO 6630:1986 Documentation. Bibliographic control characters ISO 7098:1991 Information and documentation. -
Addressing — Digital Interchange Models
© The Calendaring and Scheduling Consortium, Inc. 2019 – All rights reserved CC/WD 19160-6:2019 CalConnect TC VCARD Addressing — Digital interchange models Working Dra Standard Warning for dras This document is not a CalConnect Standard. It is distributed for review and comment, and is subject to change without notice and may not be referred to as a Standard. Recipients of this dra are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation. Recipients of this dra are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation. The Calendaring and Scheduling Consortium, Inc. 2019 CC/WD 19160-6:2019:2019 © 2019 The Calendaring and Scheduling Consortium, Inc. All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from the address below. The Calendaring and Scheduling Consortium, Inc. 4390 Chaffin Lane McKinleyville California 95519 United States of America [email protected] www.calconnect.org ii © The Calendaring and Scheduling Consortium, Inc. 2019 – All rights reserved CC/WD 19160-6:2019:2019 Contents .Foreword...................................................................................................................................... -
Eidr 2.6 Data Fields Reference
EIDR 2.6 DATA FIELDS REFERENCE Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Introduction to Content ................................................................................................................................ 5 1.2 Composite Details ......................................................................................................................................... 5 1.3 How to read the Tables ................................................................................................................................. 6 1.4 EIDR IDs ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 2 BASE OBJECT TYPE ......................................................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Summary ...................................................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Referent Type Details ................................................................................................................................. 25 2.3 Title Details ................................................................................................................................................ 26 2.4 Language Code Details ............................................................................................................................... -
Wt/Comtd/Ldc/W/60
WT/COMTD/LDC/W/60 5 October 2015 (15-5180) Page: 1/68 Sub-Committee on Least Developed Countries MARKET ACCESS FOR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES OF EXPORT INTEREST TO LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES: A WTO@20 RETROSPECTIVE NOTE BY THE SECRETARIAT1 Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 5 2 LDCS' TRADE PROFILE .................................................................................................. 6 2.1 Trends in Goods and Commercial Services ..................................................................... 6 2.2 Merchandise Trade Developments ................................................................................ 11 2.2.1 Commodity price movements ................................................................................... 11 2.2.2 Trends in product composition .................................................................................. 13 2.2.3 Geographic diversification of trade ............................................................................ 17 2.2.4 Major export markets for LDCs by product group ......................................................... 17 2.2.5 Differentiation by export specialization ....................................................................... 20 2.2.6 Merchandise trade balance ....................................................................................... 23 2.3 LDCs' Trade in Services 1995-2013 ............................................................................. -
The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3
Currency Symbols Range: 20A0–20CF This file contains an excerpt from the character code tables and list of character names for The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3 This file may be changed at any time without notice to reflect errata or other updates to the Unicode Standard. See http://www.unicode.org/errata/ for an up-to-date list of errata. See http://www.unicode.org/charts/ for access to a complete list of the latest character code charts. See http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-6.3/ for charts showing only the characters added in Unicode 6.3. See http://www.unicode.org/Public/6.3.0/charts/ for a complete archived file of character code charts for Unicode 6.3. Disclaimer These charts are provided as the online reference to the character contents of the Unicode Standard, Version 6.3 but do not provide all the information needed to fully support individual scripts using the Unicode Standard. For a complete understanding of the use of the characters contained in this file, please consult the appropriate sections of The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3, online at http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.3.0/, as well as Unicode Standard Annexes #9, #11, #14, #15, #24, #29, #31, #34, #38, #41, #42, #44, and #45, the other Unicode Technical Reports and Standards, and the Unicode Character Database, which are available online. See http://www.unicode.org/ucd/ and http://www.unicode.org/reports/ A thorough understanding of the information contained in these additional sources is required for a successful implementation.