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ISI99 Daily Bulletin 1-2

Monday - Tuesday, 9 -10 August, 1999

ISI99 / Daily Bulletin / Monday –Tuesday, August 9–10 / 1–2 1 .

Be punctual! Contents A note to the chairs: please see to it that speakers do not exceed their given time limits. All meetings should start and end punctually at the time indicated in the given schedule. Speakers, please show consideration to your fellow speakers by keeping within your allotment of time. • Welcome to ! 3 • Participants make the conference 4 • Opening ceremony 4 ISI in a nutshell 5 Say “cheese”! • • Changes in the programme 5 Photographer Reino Havumäki will be taking photographs of the participants on the opening day and during the welcome reception • Behing the scenes and in the frontline 6 on Tuesday 10 August. These pictures can be bought at the entrance level of the on Thursday 12 August for 30 • The Finlandia Hall 7 FIM a piece. Reino Havumäki will also take photographs on Friday 13 August • The man who loved the waves 8 at the General Assembly. Another gentleman, who wishes you say “cheese” whenever • A brief history of Finland 10 you meet him, is Daily Bulletin’s own photographer Juhani Korpi. Pictures of both photographers will be published during the Session • Visit Statistics Finland 12 in the Daily Bulletin and on the website of the 52nd Session. • Sights worth seeing 12 • A foreigner in Finland 14 • Teach yourself Finnish 15 Sold out! • Try some crayfish 15 Some events on the social programme have been so popular that participants who have not booked their reservations well in advance, have unfortunately been left without tickets. You can ask for cancellations at the Registration Desk at the entrance level of the Finlandia Hall. The concert on Friday night is fully booked. The church can only accommodate 700 listeners, and all seats are reserved. Of the Sunday Tours, the Hiking Tour and the Lakeland Tour are also fully booked. The Post Session Tour to Tallin, included in the social programme in the Information Bulletins 1 and 2, has been cancelled due to lack Cover photograph from Nature Photo Agency, photographer of interest. You can ask about other possibilities to visit the Heimo Rajaniemi: southern neighbour town of at the Travel Agency at the The Red Admiral butterfly (Vanessa atalanta) is a migrant in entrance level of the Finlandia Hall. Finland, often seen on meadows towards the end of the summer.

ISI99 Helsinki Daily Bulletin Editor in Chief Photographer, drawings Printed by Tel. 050 373 6490 Ilkka Mellin, Statistics Finland Juhani Korpi, Statistics Finland Edita Ltd e-mail [email protected] Editor Layout Tarja Mikkonen, Statistics Finland Stelos Edita Ltd

The ISI99 Daily Bulletin will be available every morning at 8 (except Sunday) during the conference in the foyer of the Finlandia Hall.

2 1–2 / Monday – Tuesday, 9–10 August / Daily Bulletin / ISI99 .

Welcome to Finland!

It is my pleasure to welcome you all to Helsinki, Finland, and to the information and communication technology. During the last few 52nd Session of the International Statistical Institute. years Finnish economic and social success has been built more and Statistics has a very important and acknowledged mission in more on high technology areas of which the production of statistics modern society. The contribution of statistics to the advances in is one. In the 1990s the transfer to the information society has physics, biology, medicine, logistics, quality control and in several been raised to an important political aim in Finland as in many other fields is remarkable. With the aid of the latest statistical other industrial countries. methods the description of economies and societies with statistics Finnish society has long been quite well organised, which is seen has continually sharpened and specified. in the fact that there are long traditions in The early statistical analyses, which statistics, too. In Finland we have, for served to establish winning odds in instance, the oldest annual population gambling or describe natural phenomena, statistics in the world. Statistics based on have grown to a science in which various registers have been integrated to estimation of the degree of uncertainty and the normal production of government making due allowances for it when statistics more thoroughly than in most drawing conclusions are key elements. In other countries. fact, modern statistical science embraces I am quite sure that we also need more scores of different scientific disciplines. global co-operation in the statistical world. Mathematical statistics forms its theoretical In this area, the International Statistical core, but the areas of application associated Institute has a very important role. More with it range from theoretical physics to and more problems in the economy and in linguistics and legal processes to society have a global dimension, too. In archaeology. solving these problems we need high- Exhaustive and reliable statistics quality statistics and harmonised statistical production is a necessary condition not only language. for the success of the corporate sector and I wish every success to this conference market forces but also for the success of and also to the International Statistical public administration and politics. A Institute in its very important work to solve government’s credibility and success also problems common to all nations. depend more and more on the quantity and quality of statistical data. Finland is a modern society which – also in the light of international comparisons – Martti Ahtisaari makes exceptionally wide use of the latest President of the Republic of Finland

Bienvenue en Finlande!

J’ai le plaisir de vous souhaiter la bienvenue en Finlande, à Helsinki réussite économique et sociale finlandaise s’est de plus en plus et à la 52ème Session de l’Institut International de Statistique. édifiée sur la haute technologie dont la production de statistiques La statistique a une mission très importante et reconnue dans la est l’un des domaines. Dans les années 1990, le passage à la société moderne. La contribution de la statistique aux progrès société informatique s’est élevé au niveau d’un objet politique réalisés en physique, en biologie, en médecine, en logistique, en important en Finlande et dans beaucoup d’autres pays contrôle de la qualité et dans de nombreux autres domaines est industrialisés. remarquable. A l’aide des plus récentes méthodes de statistique, la La société finlandaise est depuis longtemps tout à fait bien description des phénomènes économiques et sociaux s’est précisée organisée, ce qui se voit dans le fait qu’elle a également de longues et diversifiée. traditions en statistique. Nous avons en Finlande par exemple la Les analyses statistiques faites à l’origine sur les possibilités de plus ancienne statistique annuelle de la population du monde. La gain dans les jeux de hasard et les phénomènes naturels ont pris la statistique basée sur divers registres a été intégrée dans la dimension d’une science dans laquelle l’essentiel est l’estimation du production normale de statistiques gouvernementales d’une degré d’incertitude et la prise de décision qui le prend en manière plus complète que dans la plupart des autres pays. considération. La statistique moderne comprend en réalité des Je suis tout à fait certain que nous avons également besoin dizaines de branches scientifiques différentes. La statistique d’une coopération plus globale dans le monde statistique. Dans ce mathématique forme le noyau de la théorie, mais un grand domaine, l’Institut International de Statistique joue un rôle très nombre d’applications s’y rattachent, depuis la physique théorique important. Les problèmes de plus en plus nombreux dans jusqu’à la linguistique, depuis les procédures judiciaires jusqu’à l’économie et dans la société ont également une dimension l’archéologie. globale. Pour résoudre ces problèmes, nous avons besoin d’une La production exhaustive et fiable de statistiques est une statistique de haute qualité et d’un langage statistique harmonisé. condition nécessaire non seulement pour la réussite des entreprises Je souhaite le plus grand succès à cette conférence et également et pour les forces du marché, mais également pour celle de à l’Institut International de Statistique dans son très important l’Administration et de la politique. La crédibilité et le succès d’un travail en vue de résoudre les problèmes communs qui concernent gouvernement dépendent de plus en plus de la quantité et de la toutes les nations. qualité des données statistiques. La Finlande est une société moderne qui - également à la lumière des comparaisons internationales - fait un usage exceptionnellement vaste de la plus récente technologie de Martti Ahtisaari l’information et de la communication. Ces dernières années, la Président de la Republique de Finlande

ISI99 / Daily Bulletin / Monday –Tuesday, August 9–10 / 1–2 3 . Participants make the conference

• The variety of the subjects to produce papers interesting that this is an achievement we be presented during the 52nd enough to their colleagues. are proud of. Session of the International One way of ensuring this is to Yet, regardless of how Statistical Institute in Helsinki engage a great number of efficiently or meticulously the reflects the great diversity of organisations in the preparations might have been the international community of preparations. The process of executed, they only build the statisticians. The Session preparing this conference has framework for the participants. gathers together over 1,600 once again demonstrated the As organisers, we are like stage experts from all over the world immense importance of good designers who construct the set and all areas of research co-operation between the for the main players of the applying statistical methods. various organisations involved. show. You, dear colleagues, are They come from universities, Modern technology has the body and soul of the national and regional statistical simplified the preparation conference. You make it, by offices, central banks, process by, for example, having interesting discussions international and facilitating swift and fruitful debates, by intergovernmental communication regardless of exchanging views and ideas, organisations and research time or place. Measured by the forming valuable contacts as institutes working in forestry, number of mobile phones and well as meeting old friends and health care, insurance, Internet connections, the latest making new ones. We raise the economic forecasting and information and curtain on Tuesday, August 10 Timo Relander computer technology, to name communication technologies and, for the next nine days, the Chairman of the but a few. have advanced further in stage is yours. National Organising Committee It is a great challenge to the Finland than in most other We wish you all heartily Programme Committees to countries. This meant that, for welcome to the 52nd Session Hannu Niemi create a scientific programme the first time in the history of of the International Statistical Chairman of the which will both take this the ISI, the abstracts of the Institute. We hope the Session Local Programme Committee diversity into account and make papers appeared on the will be a memorable event and allowances for it while, at the Internet months in advance. that Helsinki will show you her Ilkka Mellin same time, attracting writers to Without boasting, we can say fairest face. Secretary General

Opening ceremony

The Organising Committee has invited all participants and accompanying persons to attend the opening ceremony on Tuesday the 10 August at 4 p.m. in the Congress Hall on the first floor of the Finlandia Hall. Immediately after the ceremony, a welcome reception will take place in the foyer.

• The programme of the Master of the Ceremonies. opening ceremony consists of The musical programme four speeches, piano music and consists of compositions of a multi image show. The Frederic Chopin, , speakers are Mr Timo Relander, Sergey Prokofiev, Aleksandr Director General of Statistics Scriabin and Igor Stravinsky. Finland, Mr Paavo Lipponen, They will be played by Professor the Prime Minister of Finland, Matti Raekallio, 45. He has Professor Willem R. van Zwet, played at several remarkable the President of the music festivals in Finland and International Statistical Institute abroad and toured annually in and Mr Yves Franchet, Director the . He has been General of the Statistical Office teaching the piano for 20 years, of the European Communities and during the present decade (Eurostat). The Secretary he has been a juror of a Matti Raekallio will General of the 52nd Session, number of international piano play the piano at the opening ceremony. Mr Ilkka Mellin, will act as competitions. Sibelius Academy

4 1–2 / Monday – Tuesday, 9–10 August / Daily Bulletin / ISI99 .

ISI in a nutshell

• The International Statistical institutes and statistical Objectives and funding Organisation Institute (ISI) was established in societies. 1885, so it is one of the oldest A considerable part of the The ISI has as its objective “the The Permanent Office of the ISI international scientific work of the ISI is done in the development and improvement is situated in Voorburg, in the associations. Its aim is to five sections, open to anyone of statistical methods and their Netherlands. The General develop and improve statistical interested in the goals of the application throughout the Assembly, open to all individual methods and their application organisation. The sections have world, all this in the widest members of the ISI, meets in by promoting international over 5,000 individual members sense of the words”. In connection with the biennial ISI activity and co-operation. The in all. The oldest of these particular, it seeks to encourage conferences. In the interim over 1,900 elected (“ordinary”) sections are the International international co-operation period, the activities are lead by members of the ISI are the Association for Statistical between statisticians, and the the Council and the Executive world’s leading statisticians Computing (IASC) and the exchange of their professional Secretariat. from over 90 countries, experts International Association of knowledge, to further the The Executive Council in official, applied and Survey Statisticians (IASS), both international integration of consists of five members: the theoretical statistics. The 166 ex founded in 1973. The Bernoulli statistics and contribute to the President, the President Elect officio members are leaders of Society for Mathematical improvement of statistical and three Vice Presidents. The national and international Statistics and Probability (BS) education. Council has 29 members: the statistical agencies and was founded in 1975 and the The Institute’s activities are Executive Council, 16 other representatives of statistical International Association for funded by grants from members and 8 ex officio societies. The total number of Official Statistics (IAOS) in intergovernmental members, such as the Past members in the ISI is 2,115. In 1985. The youngest section is organisations, governments, President of the ISI, the addition to individuals, the ISI the International Association local authorities, foundations, presidents of the five sections also has corporate members, for Statistical Education (IASE), private business, and other of the ISI, the Secretary/ such as national statistical founded in 1991. bodies. Membership fees and Treasurer of the ISI and the proceeds from the sale of ISI Director General of Statistics publications are traditional Netherlands. sources of income.

Changes in the programme

Wednesday, 11 August moved to CPM116.2 “Technical l’indice de brillance et de la Internet on official statistics: In IPM56 “Improving the co-operation to help countries matière séche totalle” by User opportunities effectiveness of data collection to meet national and Abdellani, F. and Chamayou, J. * Bregar, Lea; Ograjensek, through innovative international requirements II”, F. (FRANCE). Irena (SLOVENIA) technology”, at 13.00, the on Wednesday 11 August at name of the introducer is G. 14.30. Tuesday, 17 August Wednesday, 18 August de Bolster, NOT W. Keller. In CPM134, the paper A new meeting, IPM84, In CPM75, the paper to be Friday, 13 August “Generalised kernel density President’s Invited Paper presented at 11.00 has been The meeting of the estimator” by Novak, Serguei Meeting on “Recent advances omitted from the programme. Agricultural Statistics (NETHERLANDS), scheduled at in probability and statistics”, The title of the paper will be Committee (Gregor Mendel 9.30, has been cancelled. will be held on Wednesday 18 “250 Years of Population Committee), originally IPM12 on “Whither August at 13.00 - 15.15. The Statistics in Finland”, presented scheduled for Monday 16 statistical publishing?”, organiser is Willem van Zwet, by Mauri Nieminen (FINLAND). August at 11.15, has been scheduled on Tuesday 17 the speakers will be In CPM 82 at 9.00 -11.15, advanced to Friday, 13 August, August at 13.00, has been Jef Teugels “Wind and the paper scheduled at 9.30, 11.15. The place will be cancelled. Stochastics” “A representation of the rate announced later. Some names of the speakers Richard Tweedie functions in large deviation of IPM 42 “Statistical training “Publication bias in meta- principles for U-statistics with Saturday, 14 August of people working in and with analysis” degenerate kernels” by Shuya In CPM73.1, the paper of official statistics” have been Elja Arjas –Title to be Kanagawa from Japan, has Patrick D. Bourke, scheduled at omitted by mistake in the announced later been cancelled. 9.00, has been cancelled. Information Bulletin No 3. The David Siegmund –Title to be In CPM 143.1 at 9.00 - meeting is to be held on announced later. 11.15, the paper scheduled at Monday, 16 August Tuesday 17 August at 13.00 - In IPM20, on 18 August at 10.30, “Influence analysis of In IPM18, “Multiway data in 15.15. These should be added: 13.00 - 15.15, the discussant structural equation models psychometrics and As organisers: Bertrand S. Clarke from UK, has with polytomous variables” by chemonetrics”, to be held on Blumberg, Carol Joyce, UNITED cancelled his appearance. Wai-Yin Poon (CHINA), Shu-Jia Monday 16 August at 9.00, the STATES In CPM132, on 18 August at Wang and Sik-Yum Lee, has talks of Pieter Kroonenberg and Smulders, René H. M., THE 13.00 - 15.15, the paper been cancelled. Claus Andersson will be given NETHERLANDS “Reseaux de neurones et The paper of Mario Palma in the reverse order. Mr As chairpersons: regression logistique en (MEXICO) “Inegi’s experience in Andersson will speak at 9.04, Blumberg, Carol Joyce, UNITED finances” by Ana Silvia Haedo technical cooperation on and Mr Kroonenberg at 9.39. STATES (ARGENTINA) and Leonardo statistics”, originally scheduled New item for CPM81: at Smulders, René H. M., THE Focsaner has been cancelled. for CPM137 on Monday 16 17.00, “Intervalle de confiance NETHERLANDS August at 13.00, has been de l’indice de végétation, de Papers: 13.25 Impact of

ISI99 / Daily Bulletin / Monday –Tuesday, August 9–10 / 1–2 5 .

a friend of American intellectual cinema. He enjoys Behind the scenes and travelling with public transport because it gives him a moment of peace (which he often uses in the frontline for reading) before or after a hectic day at the office. The preparation of the ISI 52nd Session is a joint venture of Raija Löfgren Statistics Finland, University of Helsinki, Finnish Statistical Society Assistant to the Secretary General, Raija has worked with and the City of Helsinki. It would be impossible to mention the ISI99 project since 1995. everyone who has contributed to the preparation. The Executive She was also involved in the organising of the conference of Secretariat alone consists of nearly twenty experts. This is a short the International Union of Forestry Research Organization characterisation of the persons you are most likely to meet. The in Tampere in 1995. Otherwise, presentations will continue in the coming issues of the Daily Raija works in the Secretariat of the Director General at Bulletin. Statistics Finland. Raija loves Greek music, Greek folk dancing and everything connected with Greece. She also likes to read, in particular novels by South American writers. Her favourite films include Kieslowski’s Blue, Casablanca, and the films of Aki Kaurismäki. Raija has a grown-up daughter who lives away from home.

Matti Jokela Graphic Designer at Statistics Finland, Matti has been responsible for the numerous printing jobs for the conference, as well as contacts with printing houses. He claims not to have much time for hobbies, but likes sports, both as a spectator and as an active player of badminton and other games. Matti prefers birdsong to all music, but on his way to and from work his car radio is tuned to the channel playing classical music.

Mikko T. Mäkinen, 49 Mikko is in charge of the Information Desk. He is accustomed to answering all kinds of questions also in his daily work as Information Specialist at the Library of

Jussi Melkas Statistics. He has a B.Sc. in Left to right: Ilkka Mellin, Jussi Melkas, Raija Löfgren, Matti Jokela and Mikko T. Mäkinen. Economics, and is a qualified translator, and also regards studying languages as his hobby. Mikko likes to read Ilkka Mellin, 52 jogging, cycling), cinema Jussi Melkas, 49 biographies, memoirs and The Secretary General of the (Bergman, Bresson, Bunuel), Jussi is Director of Information books on political history. He is Conference and the initiator of literature, art, music (from Bach Services at Statistics Finland, also fond of theatre. the whole project, Ilkka is a and Brahms to Miles Davis, Elvis and his main responsibilities at Mikko spends a lot of time statistician specialising in and Steely Dan), photography the conference are the on the football ground econometrics and regression and video filming, among other preparation of information for servicing and assisting his 14 analysis. Ilkka has been things. He loves Italian food the media and the overall year- old twin sons when they teaching statistics as assistant and wine, French cognac and management of the publicity play in matches and professor, lecturer and associate Cuban cigars. He also likes section. tournaments all over southern professor at the Department of travelling, preferably in . Jussi is married and has two Finland. Statistics of the University of Ilkka is married with no children, one of whom already Helsinki. children. lives away from home. His Ilkka’s hobbies include active favourite hobby is local history, physical training (bodybuilding, particularly old maps, and he is

6 1–2 / Monday – Tuesday, 9–10 August / Daily Bulletin / ISI99 . The Finlandia Hall

as Kiri Te Kanawa or the Three Tenors. People in the lead

The main spaces of the building are the concert hall and foyer, the chamber-music room and the restaurant. The great foyer is dominated by a glass wall with a view to Töölönlahti bay. The colours of the main concert hall are dark blue and white, and those of the chamber music room dark red and white. Doctor Göran Schildt, author and biographer of , writes: “All materials and colours speak in nature’s own subdued way without anything artificial to distract. This is in keeping with Aalto’s conviction that architecture serves as a background for human beings. It is not startling forms or interiors with vivid colours that are supposed to attract attention, it is the audience and the performers.” Finlandia Hall is a protected building. According to the

ä preservation decision of 1991

il ä the facade, the allotment of space, materials, colours and

Unto S fixtures have to remain identical to the original. The building and its environments must also be used in accordance with its Alvar Aalto designed the Finlandia Hall originally as a part of his architectural and culture scheme for a new monumental centre of Helsinki. Starting from historical value. the Parliament House, it was to form a chain of cultural buildings alongside of the Töölönlahti bay.

• Aalto’s plan will probably visitors in its 22 conference never be realised, but the basic rooms. In the main building, idea seems to be accepted by the main auditorium (the main the city planning department. concert hall) has 1,700 seats, The new National Opera the small auditorium (the building was erected further chamber music hall) seats 340 north-west of the Hesperia and the terrace hall 300. In Park, and a new concert hall addition, there are five has been planned on the committee rooms of various present rail freight terminus sizes. The conference wing near , the Museum of houses two large congress Contemporary Art. halls, one with 600 and the

Finlandia Hall was designed other with 250 seats, sser in 1962 and the construction committee rooms of different ü work was completed in 1975, sizes, plus a couple of press just in time for the summit of rooms. There is also a the Conference on Security and restaurant and the lobbies have Co-operation in Europe. It was several catering points. also the venue of the Helsinki Finlandia Hall is the home chitecture/Ernst H Summit in 1997. of the Helsinki City Philharmonic Orchestra and A few figures the Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra. It is a popular venue Finlandia Hall can for all kinds of concerts, too

accommodate up to 3,000 small only for megastars, such Museum of Finnish Ar

ISI99 / Daily Bulletin / Monday –Tuesday, August 9–10 / 1–2 7 . The man who loved the waves

chitecture/Heikki Havas chitecture/Heikki

Museum of Finnish Ar Alvar Aalto with his second wife Elissa.

The centenary of Alvar Aalto, the famous architect and designer of the Finlandia Hall, was celebrated throughout last year with exhibitions around the world. The celebration started and ended at the in Jyväskylä in central Finland. Jyväskylä was his home for 24 years, and contains more buildings designed by him than any other place in the world.

• Alvar Aalto was one of the works that it is almost like a first major architects of the signature: the word ”aalto” modern movement to emerge means ”wave” in Finnish. In in Scandinavia. He is also said the Paimio Tuberculosis to be one of the most Sanatorium, built in 1933, individual and poetic masters of every detail in the patients’ functionalism. However, he rooms was planned with always emphasised the human precision and care, including factor. “Architecture cannot the beds, lamps and disengage itself from natural washbasins. The Paimio chair, and human factors. Its made of bent plywood and function is to bring nature ever laminated birch, became a closer to us”, he said. model repeatedly imitated. In the Vyborg Library The bent wood auditorium (1927-1934), the signature acoustic ceiling is made of wood and bent into a wavelike The soft undulating line is to be form, (…”it did little to improve Alvar Aalto Museum/Matti Kapanen found in so many of Aalto’s the sound distribution but The Paimio chair

8 1–2 / Monday – Tuesday, 9–10 August / Daily Bulletin / ISI99 .

looked stunning,” as Richard countries, Italy in particular. Weston put it). The brick walls Italian influences can be seen in of the dormitory of the his use of marble, in the Massachusetts Institute of Finlandia Hall, for instance. Technology also curve like the During his career of 60 surging surface of the sea, but years, Aalto designed not only perhaps the most commonly public buildings such as concert seen Aalto ”signature” today is halls, theatres or town halls, the Savoy vase, a popular gift churches, educational institutes and souvenir sold in many sizes and headquarters of large and colours. The vase was companies, but also residential originally designed for the buildings. Among his best- interior of the Restaurant Savoy known works in Finland are the in Eteläesplanadi in Helsinki, Finlandia Hall, the House of where even the serving tables Culture, and the Helsinki have a similar form. The University of Technology in the restaurant is there even today Helsinki metropolitan area, but, unfortunately, not quite in Säynätsalo town hall and the original form. Jyväskylä University in central Alvar Aalto was inspired by Finland and the church of the the Finnish nature and its “Cross of the Plain” in elements: forests, wood, lake Seinäjoki in Ostrobothnia. and seashores and granite rocks. He liked to use natural materials and plant his buildings into the environment as an organic part of it. He also brought nature indoors by using wooden columns and large windows to face the shore whenever possible. Italy brought home

Alvar Aalto was unusually cosmopolitan for his era, widely The original Savoy vase travelled and multilingual. He was made of clear,

was fond of the Mediterranean greenish glass. Museum of Art and Design

ALVAR AALTO BUILDINGS IN HELSINKI (realised and remaining)

Building Location Year (completion) Aalto’s house Riihitie 30, Munkkiniemi 1936 Savoy restaurant interior Eteläesplanadi 14 1937 pavilion Erottaja 1951 Finnish Engineers´ Association Offices Ratakatu 9 1952 Enso-Gutzeit Oy clubhouse Kallvik, Vuosaari 1952 National Pensions Institute housing Riihitie 12–14, Munkkiniemi 1954 Rautatalo office building Keskuskatu 3 1955 House of Culture Sturenkatu 4, Vallila 1956 National Pensions Institute Minna Canthin katu 15, Töölö 1957 Enso-Gutzeit headquarters Kanavaranta 1, Katajanokka 1962 Aalto’s office and studio Tiilimäki 20, Munkkiniemi 1963 Union Bank of Finland (nowadays MeritaNordbanken) annex building Fabianinkatu 31 1965 Academic Bookshop Pohjoisesplanadi 39 1969 Power Company office building Kampinkuja 2, Kamppi 1975 Finlandia Hall Karamzininkatu 2 1975

MOST IMPORTANT WORKS ABROAD

Building Location Year (completion) Municipal library Vyborg, Russia 1935 Student dormitory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 1947 Theatre , 1959 Cultural centre , Germany 1963 Institute of International Education, interior New York, USA 1965 Scandinavian House Reykjavik, Iceland 1968 Mount Angel Benedictine College library Oregon, USA 1970 Art museum Aalborg, Denmark 1972 Church and parish centre Riola di Vergato, Italy 1978

ISI99 / Daily Bulletin / Monday –Tuesday, August 9–10 / 1–2 9 . A brief history of Finland

The first known inhabitants arrived in Finland about 9000 – 8000 BC. The early settlements of Finland were mainly concentrated along coastal areas and rivers, and the people lived off hunting and fishing.

• From about 1500 BC, or the Finnish coastal towns were into Finnish, and the Bronze Age, the Finns have had given the right to engage in publication of his translation in close cultural and trading foreign trade. 1548 has been considered the contacts both to the east and During the Middle Ages, the starting point of Finnish as a west. development of Finland was written language. characterised by a deep impact During the period of The Swedish era of the Roman Catholic and Sweden as a great power European culture. Its legacy are (1617 - 1721), Swedes were Finland was part of the the almost 100 surviving stone often appointed to high offices Kingdom of Sweden from the churches, societal thinking in Finland. This naturally early 13th century until 1809. according to the Roman law, strengthened the position of The roots of the Finnish social and German urban culture with the in system, legislation and culture its technical and consumer Finland. originate from this period. novelties. During the Swedish era, the The Reformation reached The age of autonomy most important towns were Finland in the 16th century, founded (Turku 1229, Helsinki and Lutheranism became the Sweden and Russia fought over 1550), a university was official religion. Mikael Agricola Finland in 1808-09. The so- established in Turku (1640) and translated the New Testament called “War of Finland” ended in Swedish defeat, and Finland was ceded to Russia. Finland became an autonomous Grand Duchy of Russia with its own laws, legislative assembly and administration. Helsinki was made the capital of Finland in 1812. Each of the Russian Czars had his own way of ruling and, accordingly, the age of autonomy included both liberal, progressive periods and times of repressive authoritarianism. During the more liberal periods, Finnish was accorded equal status with Swedish as an official language and Finland was granted its own currency. Nationalistic ideas gained ground during the latter part of the 19th century, and in 1906 the Czar and the Diet of Estates set up a unicameral Parliament and introduced universal suffrage. Finnish women were the first in Europe to receive the right to vote. Independence at last

Shortly after the October Mikko Nurmi revolution in Russia, the Finnish The house of the Parliament Parliament approved the was built in 1931. Declaration of Independence on December 6, 1917. Soviet Russia recognised it on New Year’s Eve the same year. The differences between social groups became Mikko Nurmi aggravated in January 1918, Turku is the oldest town in Finland. and a Civil War broke out

10 1–2 / Monday – Tuesday, 9–10 August / Daily Bulletin / ISI99 .

between the revolutionary as a cobelligerent with Reds, and the Whites who Germany. The “Continuation supported the legal War” ended in an armistice in government. The White troops September 1944, and on the were better equipped, better basis of the armistice treaty, yet trained and better lead (the another war was fought in supreme command was held by Lapland to drive the Germans C.G. E. Mannerheim), and out of the country. suppressed the revolt by May. A total of 90,000 men were The Finnish Constitution, killed in the wars, 450,000 largely effective even today, Karelians lost their homes, and was enacted in 1919. Finland vast land areas were ceded to became a parliamentary the . republic with relatively The refugees, 12 per cent of extensive presidential powers. the population, were resettled in a couple of years. New farms

The miracle of the were established by distributing of Antiquities National Board Winter War farmland to them by legislation, Winter War evacuees from Karelia. both state-owned and In November 1939, the Soviet purchased by the state from Union attacked Finland as a private owners. result of Finland’s refusal to Helsinki was one of the accept territorial exchanges and three capitals of European leases of military bases. countries involved in the Finland’s survival against an Second World War never overpowering enemy became occupied by foreign forces. The legendary all over the world, as other two were London and did the commander-in-chief, Moscow. Field Marshal C.G. E. Mannerheim. Neutrality as a basis of The Winter War ended in foreign policy March 1940, but peace did not last long. When Germany After the war, Finland had to invaded the Soviet Union in rearrange the relationship with 1941, Finland entered the war the Soviet Union. A Treaty of

National Board of Antiquities National Board

Finland and Sweden have always had close relations. President Urho Kekkonen (on the right) chatting with the Swedish prime minister Olof Palme in 1975.

Friendship, Co-operation and the industrialisation and Mutual Assistance was signed urbanisation of Finland. During in 1948, and remained in force the post-war decades the for the next 40 years. The grounds were laid for the presidents J.K. Paasikivi and present welfare state. Urho Kekkonen pursued an Neutrality, however, did not active policy of neutrality which mean staying outside meant staying out of all international organisations. superpower conflicts. Finland became member of the In spite of the close World Bank in 1948 and joined relationships with the Soviet GATT in 1950. In 1955, Finland Union, Finland has always joined the UN and has played remained a market economy an active role in, for instance, country. Until the 1980s the peacekeeping operations. impact of the state on the Finland became an associate economy was quite strong with member of the EFTA in 1961 a great number of state-owned and a full member in 1986. In or state-controlled companies. 1995 Finland became a The arrangement was very member of the European much like that in the other Union. The decision was made Scandinavian countries. after a referendum, in which 57 The reconstruction after the per cent of the voters war and the reparations to the supported the membership. Soviet Union brought about

Mikko Nurmi Marshal Mannerheim has statues in many Finnish towns. This one is in Mikkeli.

ISI99 / Daily Bulletin / Monday –Tuesday, August 9–10 / 1–2 11 . Visit Statistics Finland Sights worth seeing

On Thursday, 12 August, you will have a The centre of Helsinki is crammed on a chance to visit Statistics Finland, to have a narrow cape, and the most important look at the premises in Sörnäinen and to sights are close to each other. The two learn about the production and squares that form the heart of the city are dissemination of official statistics in the Market Square, Kauppatori, and the Finland. Senate Square, Senaatintori. Only the block containing the City Hall separates • After a general presentation, will follow, with a visit to the the squares from each other. there will be four product Library of Statistics. demonstrations on electronic According to interest, one services. “Key on Europe”, a (in the morning only) or two (in database containing regional the morning and in the data of Europe, and basic afternoon) visits will be information on all countries in arranged. A bus transportation the world. The Theme-CD has will leave from the Finlandia regional data placed on maps, Hall at 8.30 a.m. (and 1.30 and the StatFin service includes p.m.), return transportation will regional and time series data start at noon (and at 5 p.m.). bases plus a number of Please register at the specialised statistical databases. Information Desk or You will also get acquainted electronically via the with the Internet services of conference website at http:// Statistics Finland. www.stat.fi/isi99 on A short introductory tour Wednesday noon at the latest.

Restaurant Kappeli (“the chapel”) in the Esplanade park is packed on sunny afternoons.

• The neo-classical buildings The statue of the Czar around the Senate Square were designed by an architect who The statue in the centre of the also took part in the planning square has puzzled many of St Petersburg, C.L. Engel. visitors: why have the Finns The white Cathedral with its wanted to erect a monument green cupolas has become a to a Russian Emperor? The symbol for Helsinki. On sunny statue of Czar Alexander II was days you can see people sitting a cunning protest from the on the steps leading up to the Finnish side. He was a liberal cathedral enjoying the warmth monarch, and Finland enjoyed and the scenery. a wide autonomy during his Other buildings surrounding reign. the square include the Both his predecessor and University of Helsinki, The successor treated Finland less Council of State and the gently and, as a protest against Kiseleff Bazaar with small the Russification of the late

Finncolor shops, cafés and restaurants. 19th century, the statue was

12 1–2 / Monday – Tuesday, 9–10 August / Daily Bulletin / ISI99 .

made to remind of better The Sibelius times. Czar Alexander III, the Monument is a visual expression of the way reigning emperor, could not Sibelius’ music depicts oppose to the action. Mikko Nurmi nature. The fair lady in bronze

Besides the cathedral, another symbol of Helsinki is Havis Amanda, the statue of a mermaid, in the Market Square. Her bold nakedness upset the moralists when the statue was unveiled in 1908, but people soon got used to her. Today it is the most popular statue in Helsinki, and when Finland

from the Market Square to , the main street, was also a part of Engel’s design. Modern architecture and sculpture A few kilometres from the Market Square, most sightseeing coaches stop at two Mikko Nurmi places exhibiting modern Finnish architecture and sculpture: the Temppeliaukio (Temple Square) Church and the Sibelius Monument. Again, both were fiercely debated about when they were became the world champion in first built in the sixties. The ice hockey in 1995, people abstract Sibelius Monument gathered round Havis Amanda consists of pipes of welded to celebrate and dressed her in steel, but to satisfy the more the team shirt. traditional viewer, the sculptress The impressive row of buildings Eila Hiltunen had to add a bust behind the Market Square of Sibelius on one side. includes the Presidential Palace, The the Swedish Embassy and the has been quarried in the City Hall. C.L. Engel was bedrock. With its glass door involved in the renovation work and 180 skylights it has plenty of the Presidential Palace at the of natural light which, together beginning of the 19th century. with the rough stone surface of The City Hall was originally the walls inside, gives a feeling designed by him, but the of being close to the nature. interior was almost totally The church is a popular concert rebuilt in the sixties. hall due to its acoustic qualities. Mikko Nurmi The Esplanade Park, running “The Church in the Rock” can accomodate 700 listeners to a concert.

ISI99 / Daily Bulletin / Monday –Tuesday, August 9–10 / 1–2 13 . A foreigner in Finland by Iain Muir, Managing concept to appreciate. I don’t establishments sometime fails So, why am I here? Director, know that we foreigners have to meet the quality of the food. Get Smart Finland Oy Ltd. too many ski-jumpers based in I am married to a Finn, Finland though!! Finns probably like many other Spring is short, heralding the permanent ex-pats in Finland. It verdant lushness of summer - Many adjectives are used to may be difficult to include trees suddenly turn a rich hue describe Finns, it’s difficult to Finnish women as an invisible of green and the city is select just one, but if I had to, export, but certainly many are wrapped in a mantle of leaves. then perhaps it would be married to foreigners, It seems Pavement cafes sprout along taciturn. I would then go on to to be the standard response to the main streets and Finland add: honest, reliable, direct in why one is here. comes to life. Helsinki’s market speech, efficient and hard Seriously, though, if you are place becomes even more of a working, suspicious and prepared to work hard, bustle with the wonderful sometimes envious of others, professionally and sincerely,. colours and selection of Finnish almost to the point of being there is a lot of work available berries and vegetables, inter apologetic for buying a new in my particular field (linguistics island ferries scuttling to and car, or having two holidays a and management consulting). fro, the influx of tourists, the year. Not that I’m encouraging the atmosphere visibly changing One criticism that I hear competition to expand, The almost overnight. levied against Finns is their work is enjoyable and Finns are rudeness. I find this difficult to very appreciative of other Things have changed accept in a linguistic sense, people’s efforts, their openness So, what’s it like living in because Finnish is no ruder to new ideas and approaches is Finland as a foreigner? I’ve only Things have changed in Finland than other languages. But, if refreshing and exciting. lived here on a permanent basis over the last five years, and we compare it to English, and a What’s it like living in for five years, but have been presumably entry into the full Finn is using English as a Finland? To answer this coming backwards and European Union is now lingua-franca, then this I question would take many forwards to Finland five years beginning to have an effect. understand. When working pages, and possibly bore others prior to settling here. There are Shops now have a much wider with British managers here, I who are not so enthusiastic to many other ‘Brits’ who have range of available products. I point out to them that the death! Of course there are been here infinitely longer. can get Tesco marmalade and actual word ‘please’ does not things that drive me mad, but The oft’ asked question is, HP sauce easily, although really exist per se in Finnish. that’s my problem as a guest in “why did you move to instant coffee has yet to create This of course causes concern Finland. It suits my lifestyle to Finland?”. I don’t suppose that an impact. It must be noted, and astonishment to a nation be here. I like the winters, I like answering “the weather” is an that Finns consume more who are perhaps overtly polite the summers and use them in a understandable response. OK, coffee per capita than any linguistically. I must admit positive way. I’m British, Scottish actually, so other nation and their own though, it would be quite nice Perhaps it’s difficult to get to this means that I can talk about brands are excellent. Also, the if someone said “thank you” know Finns, but when you do, the weather. Extremes! Take electric kettle has only recently when I hold the door open for they become true friends. this past winter for example, become commonplace. them and not treat me as part People can and will help each down to -51 in parts and then, The selection and quality of of the door mat. other here. The family unit is till just recently, we’ve had glorious clothing has improved ‘Small talk’ is an interesting comparatively strong. The summer sunshine giving us enormously - no longer the area for the foreigner here. Not infrastructure is excellent, +29. I don’t really notice the stereotype humour of the too much of it in Finland forests, lakes, clean air and the darkness of the winter days, Finnish business person amongst Finns. Of course there natural world, sauna and but maybe that’s because I wearing white socks with his is small talk, but it still has this cricket. Yes, cricket in Helsinki! wasn’t born here, but I do suit. The stereotype these days direct style. The one thing that Finnish design, Finnish notice the length of the days is technological, particularly in does amaze me, is that the technology are well advanced, during the summer. communications. I think it true person sitting next to you in the and probably, most of all, with Winters give us the to say that market penetration train, metro or bus, will make one of the lowest densities of opportunity to participate in of the cellular phone is greater every effort not to engage in population in the world, there outdoor sports, cross country in Finland tan any other country conversation with fellow are vast deserted areas where I skiing, downhill skiing and - even young children have passengers, but does not mind can go to, and don’t have to winter fishing - boring a hole in them - I always wonder who the rest of the compartment speak to anyone at all!!! the ice before trying your luck. pays the telephone bills!! knowing the most intimate Walks across the frozen sea to Restaurants have improved in details of their life when the nearby islands - my friends their range of selections, but speaking to a friend/colleague in Britain find that a difficult service in many of the on their mobile phone!

14 1–2 / Monday – Tuesday, 9–10 August / Daily Bulletin / ISI99 .

Teach yourself Finnish Part 1 An introduction to Finnish Cuisine Part 1 Päivää Try some crayfish!

• Almost all the languages in stressed positions. The • Finland’s food tradition has milk products. Various types of spoken in Europe are related to distinction between voiced and been influenced by fashions cheese, yoghurt and viili each other, as they belong to unvoiced consonants (B and P, from east and west. As part of (soured milk, a bit like yoghurt the same Indo-European family for instance) is not as clear as the Kingdom of Sweden for but more solid in consistency) of languages (Swedish, in, e.g., English. more than 600 years and the are often eaten at breakfast German, Russian, English, for The following letters may be Russian Empire for 110 years, and milk is also used in instance). For the speakers of difficult to pronounce: Finland adopted habits and cooking. Indo-European languages, J is like the consonantal Y in tastes from both. Although August is considered by Finnish may seem difficult English some people claim that today’s many to be the best season, as because of its different R is a relatively clear R- Finns hardly know themselves the market stalls are piled up grammatical structure and sound, like in Italian what Finnish food is - ready- with an abundance of fresh vocabulary. Y is like the French U, or made pizza from the freezer is vegetables, herbs and berries, Linguistically, Finnish belongs German U-umlaut (Ü) a typical snack in busy families and wild mushrooms start to the Finno-Ugrian family of Ä is roughly like the A in with working mothers - there sprouting in the forests. It is languages, consisting of a HAT are some characteristic also the time for the crayfish, a couple of dozens of minority Ö is roughly the same letter elements, typical ingredients rare delicacy caught in the clear languages. Hungarian is the as in German, or the EU in and indigenous ways of waters of the streams, lakes most widely spoken of these, French, the nearest equivalent preparing food. and ponds. Catching crayfish is but only very remotely related in English is the long vowel in Finns still live close to the only allowed for a short period to Finnish. Estonian, with its 1.5 FUR. nature and the four seasons from late July to October in million speakers, is a closer Please note that A is affect their everyday life, order to preserve the relative. Finns and Estonians pronounced as U in the British including the diet. The finest population. understand some of each English CUP, AA as the A in the ingredients of Finnish food are other’s speech, although words British English AFTER. E is like fish from the fresh clean waters The highlight of the may have different meanings. the E in HEN, I is like the I in FIT, and berries, mushrooms and summer: a crayfish The Sami (formerly Lappish) U is like the U in the English game from the forests. The party language, spoken in Lapland by FULL, and the consonants K, P long summer days give a rich approximately 2,000 persons, is and T are a lot softer than their Eating crayfish and, particularly, also a Finno-Ugrian language. equivalents in most other the rituals connected with this languages. feast, is of Swedish origin. Pronunciation Crayfish are usually eaten as a Diphthongs occur frequently in starter, because there is not Finnish pronunciation is very Finnish. OU is pronounced much to eat in these small regular. One letter corresponds roughly as OW in the English shellfish. They are tricky to to one sound. The main stress word SHOW, AI is pronounced catch and, accordingly, fairly is always on the first syllable. like the English pronoun I, and expensive. Vowels have almost the same EI is pronounced like the AY in Preparing crayfish is very pronunciation in unstressed as the English word MAY. simple, although it may sound cruel. You simply put the live crayfish into plenty of boiling water (don’t worry, they’ll die instantly without feeling a thing

Mikko Nurmi August is the season for provided the water IS boiling all Everyday phrases chantarelles. the time!), seasoned with salt, sugar and dill and let them Hei or Terve, more formally cook for 10 minutes. They will Päivää Hello turn beautifully red as soon as Hyvää huomenta Good morning they are plunged into the Hyvää iltaa Good evening water. When they are cooked, Hyvää yötä Good night aroma to the herbs and berries the pan is removed from heat, Näkemiin or, less formally, and, because of the cold more dill is added and the Hei Goodbye climate, farmers need far less crayfish are left to cool in the Kyllä Yes pesticides than in warmer water. Ei No countries. Crayfish are eaten cold, with Kiitos Thank you hands, using special knives. The Anteeksi Excuse me/I’m sorry The milky ways meat is removed from the shells (see instructions on the next Regardless of the season, Finns page) and the best parts are One of the main difficulties to a foreign learner of Finnish is the fact have a taste for rye bread, piled on a slice of toast. that the meaning of a word may change completely if you alter the potatoes, Baltic herring, beer, At some parties, people length of a vowel or a consonant. For instance: coffee and pulla (sweet yeast have “a schnapps for every bread made of wheat dough claw”, but this is not seasoned with cardamom, recommended to a novice. taka back (a prefix) tuli fire served either as small buns or Other drinks usually served with takaa from behind tuuli wind slices of plaited loaves). Finns crayfish are chilled, dry white or takka a fireplace tulli customs office are second in the world after sparkling wine, beer and taakka a burden Russia in the consumption of mineral water.

ISI99 / Daily Bulletin / Monday –Tuesday, August 9–10 / 1–2 15 .

How to enjoy the crayfish

1. Detach the claws from the base and remove the smaller pincers. 2. Remove the back shell by twisting… Pierce the tip of the larger claws with a crayfish knife. Suck out the juice. Open the side of the claw with the knife and remove the flesh.

3. ..or cutting it with the knife behind the eyes. Then keep the 4. Pour the juice from the back shell into your mouth. Scrape out the crayfish on its back to keep the juice inside. crayfish butter from the inside of the shell.

5. Suck the juice and flesh from the body. Remove the roe (in some 6. Twist the tail off. Take it in both hands and press the shell off of female crayfish) whole and eat it on a slice of toast. one side. You can also use a crayfish knife.

7. Twist off the strip of flesh on top of the tail piece and remove the bowel underneath.

16 1–2 / Monday – Tuesday, 9–10 August / Daily Bulletin / ISI99