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Requirements and Selection of Design Concepts to Be Investigated GF_WP1_TN_Requirements GF_WP1_TN_Requirements Department of Automotive and Aeronautical Engineering Hamburg University of Applied Sciences (HAW) Berliner Tor 9 D - 20099 Hamburg Green Freighter – Requirements and Selection of Design Concepts to be Investigated Kolja Seeckt Dieter Scholz 2007-11-29 Technical Note 1 GF_WP1_TN_Requirements Dokumentationsblatt 1. Berichts-Nr. 2. Auftragstitel 3. ISSN / ISBN GF_WP1_TN_Requirements Grüner Frachter (Entwurfsuntersuchungen zu --- umweltfreundlichen und kosteneffektiven Fracht- flugzeugen mit unkonventioneller Konfiguration) 4. Sachtitel und Untertitel 5. Abschlussdatum Green Freighter – Requirements and Selection of Design Concepts to 29.11.2007 be Investigated 6. Ber. Nr. Auftragnehmer GF_WP1_TN_Requirements 7. Autor(en) (Vorname, Name) 8. Vertragskennzeichen Kolja Seeckt ([email protected]) 1710X06 Dieter Scholz ([email protected]) 9. Projektnummer FBMBF06-004 10. Durchführende Institution (Name, Anschrift) 11. Berichtsart Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg (HAW) Technische Niederschrift Fakultät Technik und Informatik 12. Berichtszeitraum Department Fahrzeugtechnik und Flugzeugbau Forschungsgruppe Flugzeugentwurf und Systeme (Aero) 06.12.2006 - 20.09.2007 Berliner Tor 9 13. Seitenzahl D - 20099 Hamburg 96 14. Fördernde Institution / Projektträger (Name, Anschrift) 15. Literaturangaben Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) 70 Heinemannstraße 2, 53175 Bonn - Bad Godesberg 16. Tabellen Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen 10 „Otto von Guericke“ e. V. (AiF) 17. Bilder Bayenthalgürtel 23, 50968 Köln 53 18. Zusätzliche Angaben Sprache: Englisch; URL: http://gf.ProfScholz.de; URL: http://Aero.ProfScholz.de 19. Kurzfassung Gegenstand dieses Flugzeugentwurf-Forschungsprojektes ist der Entwurf und die Bewertung von unkonventionellen umweltfreundlichen und kosteneffektiven Frachtflugzeugen. Die wichtigsten Merkmale für Umweltfreundlichkeit sind geringe Emissionen (insbesondere Kohlendioxid und Stickstoffoxide) und ein niedriger Lärmpegel. Unkonventionelle Flugzeugkonfigurationen sind z.B. Entenflugzeuge, Dreiflächenflugzeuge, Flugzeuge mit verbundenen Flügeln, Multirumpf-, Nurflügel- und Blended-Wing-Body- (BWB-) Flugzeuge. Mögliche Arten von Antriebsystemen sind Strahl-, Propeller- und Propfan-Triebwerke in Kombination mit unterschiedlichen Kraftstoffen wie Kerosin, synthetischen Kraftstoffen, Biofuels, Alkoholen, Silane, flüssigem Erdgas und Wasserstoff sowie elektrische Antriebsysteme. Die Projektpartner haben den BWB als die unkonventionelle Flugzeugkonfiguration und die Boeing B777F als herkömmliches Referenzflugzeug gewählt. Die wichtigsten Flugzeuganforderungen sind 109 t Nutzlast, 4800 NM Reichweite und eine Reiseflug-Machzahl von 0,85. Neben dieser Ausgangsversion soll ein zweiter, propellergetriebener BWB untersucht werden, dessen Reiseflug-Machzahl bei ca. 0,5 liegen soll. Weitere Umweltanforderungen sind z.B. ein Lärmpegel von 25 dB unterhalb Chapter 3 sowie 30% weniger NOx und 50% weniger unverbrannte Kohlenwasserstoffe und Kohlenmonoxid-Emissionen als in CAEP/4 gefordert. 20. Deskriptoren / Schlagwörter Flugzeug, Flugzeugentwurf, unkonventionell, Konfiguration, Fracht, Frachtflugzeug, umweltfreundlich 21. Bezugsquelle Department F+F, HAW Hamburg, Berliner Tor 9, D - 20099 Hamburg 22. Sicherheitsvermerk 23. 24. Preis 2 GF_WP1_TN_Requirements Report Documentation Page 1. Report-Number 2. Project Title 3. ISSN / ISBN GF_WP1_TN_Requirements Green Freighter (Design Evaluation of N/A Environmentally Friendly and Cost Effective Freighters with Unconventional Configuration) 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Green Freighter – Requirements and Selection of Design Concepts 2007-09-20 to be Investigated 6. Performing Org. Rep. No GF_WP1_TN_Requirements 7. Author(s) (First Name, Last Name) 8. Contract Code Kolja Seeckt ([email protected]) 1710X06 Dieter Scholz ([email protected]) 9. Project Number FBMBF06-004 10. Performing Agency (Name, Address) 11. Report Type Hamburg University of Applied Sciences (HAW) Technical Note Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science 12. Time Period Department of Automotive and Aeronautical Engineering Aircraft Design and Systems Group (Aero) 2006-12-06 – 2007-09-20 Berliner Tor 9 13. Number of Pages D - 20099 Hamburg 96 14. Sponsoring / Monitoring Agency (Name, Address) 15. Number of References Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) 70 Heinemannstraße 2, D - 53175 Bonn - Bad Godesberg 16. Number of Tables Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen 10 „Otto von Guericke“ e. V. (AiF) 17. Number of Figures Bayenthalgürtel 23, D - 50968 Köln 53 18. Supplementary Notes Language: English; URL: http://gf.ProfScholz.de; URL: http://Aero.ProfScholz.de 19. Abstract Scope of this joined aircraft design research project is the design and assessment of an unconventional environmentally friendly and cost effective freighter aircraft. The most important indicators for environmental friendliness are low emissions (especially carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides) and a low noise level. Unconventional aircraft configurations are e.g. canard, three-surface, joined wing, multi-fuselage, flying wing and blended wing-body (BWB) aircraft. Possible types of propulsion systems are jet, propeller and propfan engines in combination with different fuels such as kerosene, synthetic fuels, Biofuels, alcohols, Silane, liquid natural gas and hydrogen as well as electric propulsion systems. The project partners have chosen the BWB as the unconventional aircraft configuration and the Boeing B777F as the conventional reference aircraft. The most important initial top level aircraft requirements are 109 t payload, 4800 nm range and a cruise Mach number of 0.85. Besides this initial version, a second propeller-driven BWB shall be investigated that cruises at a lower Mach number of about 0.5. Additional environmental requirements are e.g. a noise level of 25 dB below Chapter 3, 30% less NOx and 50% less unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions than required in CAEP/4. 20. Subject Terms aircraft, design, unconventional, configuration, cargo, freighter, environment, costs, fuel 21. Distribution Department F+F, HAW Hamburg, Berliner Tor 9, D - 20099 Hamburg 22. Classification / Availability 23. 24. Price unclassified 3 GF_WP1_TN_Requirements Abstract Scope of this joined aircraft design research project is the design and assessment of an unconventional environmentally friendly and cost effective freighter aircraft. The most important indicators for environmental friendliness are low emissions (especially carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides) and a low noise level. Unconventional aircraft configurations are e.g. canard, three-surface, joined wing, multi-fuselage, flying wing and blended wing-body (BWB) aircraft. Possible types of propulsion systems are jet, propeller and propfan engines in combination with different fuels such as kerosene, synthetic fuels, Biofuels, alcohols, Silane, liquid natural gas and hydrogen as well as electric propulsion systems. The project partners have chosen the BWB as the unconventional aircraft configuration and the Boeing B777F as the conventional reference aircraft. The most important initial top level aircraft requirements are 109 t payload, 4800 nm range and a cruise Mach number of 0.85. Besides this initial version, a second propeller-driven BWB shall be investigated that cruises at a lower Mach number of about 0.5. Additional environmental requirements are e.g. a noise level of 25 dB below Chapter 3, 30% less NOx and 50% less unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions than required in CAEP/4. 4 GF_WP1_TN_Requirements Table of Contents Page Abstract ............................................................................................................................ 4 List of Figures ............................................................................................................................ 7 List of Tables ............................................................................................................................ 9 Nomenclature ............................................................................................................................ 9 Terms and Definitions.............................................................................................................. 13 1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 18 1.1 Motivation ........................................................................................................ 18 1.2 Green Freighter Project Data............................................................................ 20 1.3 Scope of Work Package 1................................................................................. 20 1.4 Literature Review............................................................................................. 21 2 Unconventional Configurations..................................................................... 24 2.1 General.............................................................................................................. 24 2.2 Fuselage plus Wing(s) and Tail(s).................................................................... 26 2.3 Multi-Fuselage.................................................................................................. 31 2.4 No Fuselage.....................................................................................................
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