J COMPRESSION CABLE
»
I.
Vol.CXXXV. No. 3491 OCTOBER 20, 1944 9d. W E E K L Y
W Reproduction in miniature of the new Crompton Lamp Poster. The publicity campaign also includes National and Provincial newspapers, weekly and monthly periodicals, railway and arterial road signs. ii E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944
ENERGY FOR THE NATION’S FACTORIES, WORKS & PUBLIC SERVICES Uninterrupted transmission of electrical energy by C.M.A. Cables in quantity greater than ever before in our history is playing a most vital part in B ritain ’s supreme effort for victory.
CABLES
MEMBERS OF THE C .M .A . The India Rubber. Gutta-Percha'A Tele graph W orksCo. Ltd. (T he S ilv e rto w n C o .)
Connollyi (Blackley) Ltd The Cralgpark Elec trie Cable Co Ltd
Greengate & Irwell Sismen« Brothers & Rubber Co Ltd Co Ltd (Siemens Electric Lamps and Supplies Ltd )
Advt. of the Cable Makers' Association, High Holborn House, 52-54 High Holborn, W .C. I. Phone: Holborn 7633 October 20, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 1
c f Know ing Kcw
Centuries before Man realised the necessity for elasticity in his constructional work, the spider had proved the point—in practice. Subsequently Man copied the Spider’s Web—the lightest and most tenuous construction in the World. Now, although Man still works with Metals that are inert and inelastic, there are no limits to the “ elasticity” of the mind in producing new designs from Industrial metals. Thereby is measured the art of Progress. LEADERS IN ELECTRIC WATER HEATING
HEATRAE LTD., NORWICH PHONE : NORWICH 2SI3I GRAMS : HEATRAE, NORWICH
“ WESTMINSTER” THE “ FACILE" TERMINAL Brush Send for Prices and List of all Holders kinds of Terminals
100,000 & C O . ROSS COURTNEY “L t d ! SUPPLIED ASHBROOK ROAD, LO N D O N , N. 19
MADE TO SUIT ANY MACHINE
Dynamos and Motors Rewound and Re-constructed. “ Partridge ” Pressure CLUTCHES Detectors, “ Partridge” Earthing Devices, to the specific / requirements of Switchgear, Photographic Arc Lamps, y our customers Electric Welders, Medical Arc Lamps Makers of all ty pes of repetition produots from the bar in all The WESTMINSTER ENG.Co.Ltd. m e t a l s Victoria Road,Willesden Junction, N.W.IO M C L and REPETITION LTD Telephone : Telegrams: Pool Lane - Lanqleq • B irm ing ham Willesden 1700-1 “ Regency, Phone ^ London
A E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944
tiherm oplastic ^ c a b l e s
FOR ALL ESSENTIAL PURPOSES COMMUNICATIONS—POWER—LIGHTING
\A/E are actively engaged in all the manufacture of V.I.R. ” ▼ and synthetic Insulated cables to meet the urgent require ments of war. Our Research Laboratories have been associated with the development of synthetic materials as cable insulants for many years before the war, and the experience thus gained has been applied to the manufacture of our cable products.
V.I.R. and synthetic insulated cables produced by this Company are being used for all essential war purposes. Standard Telephones and Cables Limited
( Cable Sales Department) NORTH WOOLWICH, LONDON, E.I6 Telephone : Albert Dock 1401 October 20, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 3
man we know has worked out by means of a slide-rule and a bit of snooping that 351,4 2 9 man-hours were lost to industry on February 1 7 th, 1944 by drilling holes with hand drills instead of Desoutter power drills. He says that the result of this immense loss of time was that when the workers came to work next day it was really February 1 8th, 19 0 3. After a bit of a pause while our eyes stopped rolling, we said we thought there was a catch in it. W e said wouldn’t it be February 18 th, 19 8 5. Like British Summer Time, first you put it on and then you take it off. He said, no, it was I9°3 like he said and what a terrible waste of time. He said the British were always getting ready for the previous war and this proved it. Well, we wouldn’t stand for that so we slung him out and his slide- rule after him. But it’s a shaking sort of a thought, isn’t i t ; And nothing you can do about it because Desoutter Tools weren’t invented in 19 0 3.
DESOUTTER Specialists in Lightweight Pneumatic & Electric Portable Tools DESOUTTER BROS. LTD., DEPT. R , THE HYDE, HENDON, LONDON, N.W.9 PHONE : COUNDALE £34i-7-S-9
C .R .C , 1 4 6 October 20, 1944
Igranic Magnetic Speci alities have been tried and provedjn some of the largest industrial plants in this country. They are built to with stand years of arduous service.
Igranic Magnetic devices include : Magnetic Brakes Magnetic Clutches Lifting Magnets Magnetic Separators Magnetic Solenoids, etc.
Illustration above shows Igranic Lifting Magnet. Below, Igranie Type “ M " Magnetic Brake.
W rite fo r Detailed Leaflets October 20, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 5 b XELECTRIC MOTORS IT I WITH APPROPRIATE , n / CONTROL GEAR for any industrial application • • • Range includes:- General Industrial, Textile, Machine-tool, Steel Works, Rolling Mill, Crane, and Mining Motors
General Industrial A.C. Motor (Squirrel-cage Type)
BTH products include all In the coming period of kinds of electric plant and general reconstruction equipment; Mazda lamps and Mazdalux lighting equipment. SPECIFY BTH ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
r 1 D T T U THE BRJTISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO.. LTD. ÀD 1 H IROWN HOUSE. ALDWVCM. LON DON. W.C.2. A3JV4 iO V . 11 ^IpTeasI give generously^ ^ mTMBRANCE E lectrical Review October 2 0 , 1944
The design, construction and reliability which characterise Parsons Transformers are a direct result of many years’ experience in manufacture and operation
CA.PAESONS &b COMPANY Lip NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE 6 LONDON OFFICE: 56 VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, S.W.I October 20, 1944 Electrical Review
Large numbers of Sturtevant Industrial Vacuum Cleaners are successfully operating in factories and industrial works of all types engaged on essential war work. They are giving continuous service and maintaining therhighest efficiency under the most exacting con ditions. Experience shows that the systematic and regular use of a Sturtevant Cleaner overcomes dust problems and increases the efficiency of all cleaning operations. Furthermore, it has been proved conclusively by a great many users that better and greater output can be produced as a result of the very clean conditions obtainable by using a Sturtevant Industrial Vacuum Cleaner. Innumerable tests have proved that, due to the high mechanical and electrical efficiency, Sturtevant Cleaners clean more quickly and thoroughly than any others of equal power. May we send particulars and our publication U.I39I ?
S t u r t e v a n t engineering Co. l t d . 25.W0RCESTER ROAD, SUTTON.SURREY. 8 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944 ECONOMY d F 1 0 0 R 5 PACE
N e w m a n Totally En closed Motors are proof against damage caused by dust, grit, swarf and coolants. 9 October 20, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w
DAVIDSON & CO„LTD.,SIROCCO ENGINEERING W O R K S , BELFAST. LONDON LEEDS MANCHESTER GLASGOW BIRMINGHAM NEWCASTLE CARDIFF DUBLIN 10 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944
HYDRO-ELECTRIC DEVELOPMENT for THE GALLOWAY WATER POWER CO.
The E.H.T. UNDERGROUND CABLES and OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINES
WERE SUPPLIED and INSTALLED BY W. T. GLOYER & Co. Ltd.
TRAFFORD PARK MANCHESTER 17 J 3 11 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944
HAITI m e t e r s
FERRANTI l.TD.. HoMnwood. Lancs. i~a~ QM- iw , ^ ^ 12 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944
ELECTRIC FIRES AND COOKERS
Th. hese are typical examples
of the electric fires and
cookers that we will be
making as soon as the war
permits.
“ YOU CAN’T BEAT A BELLING”
BELLING & COMPANY LTD
BRIDGE WORKS . ENFIELD . MIDDX . TELEphone: HOWARD 1212 Established, over 30 years
C .R .C . 3 1 5 October 20, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 13 O verhead ervice Accessories Representative items from the very comprehensive range of HENLEY Overhead Service Accessories. S May we send you further details ?
HENLEY Aerial Service Fuse. The withdrawable fuse carrier can be sealed. Line wires interlock if porcelain is broken. (30 and 60 amp. working current).
HENLEY Aerial Service Fuse com bining duties of both line tap and fuse. Suitable for insulat ed or bare service w ire. (30 amp. working current).
HENLEY Nut type Service Tap specially designed to prevent trouble due to vibra tion. Four standard sizes. Insulating shroud effectively insulates service connections.
Outdoor Service Fuse. Fuse holder replaceable from ground level. No pole climbing. Suitable for mounting on exterior walls or overhead line poles. (30 amp. working current). 100 amp. model also available — this is suitable also for mounting with shackle insulator.
Branches HENLEY and Agents through ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION out the W orld. EQUIPMENT W.T.HENLEYS TELEGRAPH WORKS. CO. LTD. MILTON COURT. WESTC0TT. DORKING. SURREY Electrical Review October 2 0 ,1 9 4 4
ELECTRO ZINCING by t h e g a l v a n a x p r o c e s s is approved by the A.I.D. when a zinc coating is specified as a substi- C fdl7"u,m plating owing to a shortage of the latter metal. For fast deposits on wrought! iron and steel it is unequalled in colour simple to operate, and has excellent throwing power besides providing efficient protection from rust. 2
6REAT HAMPTON STREET BIRMINGHAM 18 — October 2 0, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 15
SIEMENS BROTHERS &C° LT? WOOLWICH, LONDON/ S.E.I8 Telephone : WOOLWICH 2020
' Other manufactures: V.I.R. Wires & Cables of all classes 16 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944 FOR THE PRESENT AND THE FUTURE- Consult the
on STREET LIGHTING
^ IMPROVISATION- FOR WARTIME . . . The adaptation of many peacetime installa tions to the improved wartime street lighting permitted in many areas is quite simple, and new equipment is only required in relatively few cases. May we assist you and submit our suggestions ? Write for leaflet giving Z.3130 recommendations for converting G.E.C. G.E.C. Reflector for 0.02 f.c. lanterns to comply with the latest regulations. illumination.
^ SCIENTIFIC PLANNING FOR POST - WAR STREET LIGHTING . . . Peacetime lighting cannot be improvised. Safety on the road depends on scientific equipment and correct layout planning. The G.E.C. was a pioneer in modern street lighting. It led the way with the Osira electric discharge lamp, with “ road bright ness ■” planning, and with lanterns designed on engineering principles.
G.E.C. lighting engineers are glad to place their Z.8128 services at the disposal of lighting authorities who Side entry Difractor lantern want to prepare for a brighter Britain. for “ Road Brightness.”
m Advt. of The General Electric Co. Ltd., Magnet House, Kingsway, London, W.C .2 J> 18 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944
RESEARCH BEHIND LltiHTINC ~ ] ) J
LIFE-TEST TN order to keep continuous check on the “ burn-out ” life of Mazda Lamps, batches of lamps, taken at random from normal production, are tested to destruction in the This is just BTH Lamp Testing Laboratory. one of a multitude In the equipment shown, the lamps of scientific devices under test are on the other side of employed in the BTH Laboratories the racks. Each lamp throws heat to maintain and improve the quality on to a highly ingenious thermal of Mazda Lamps. relay of BTH design. Each relay BTH RESEARCH AIDS INDUSTRY is connected to its own electric BTH Research Laboratories have made clock which automatically records an intensive study of both the physical the time of “ burn-out.” and psychological aspects of lighting in wartime industry and their knowledge and experience are at the disposal of the principals of ini strial undertakings through the Adazcia Lighting Advisory Service.
'l i g h t i n g a d v i s o r y s e r v i c e ,t +l The British Thomson-Houston Co., Ltd., Crown House, Aldwych, London, W.C .2 October 20, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 19
SAVE TIME • INCREASE OUTPUT • CONSERVE ENERGY
S.WOLF £• CO. LTD.. PIONEER WORKS, HANGER LANE, LONDON, W.5, PERivole 5631-3
1330
Ci 2 0 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944
YOU CAN BANK' ON CROmPTOll Wo Dots. CABLE
CROMPTON PARKINSON LIMITED, ELECTRA HOUSE, VICTORIA EMBANKMENT, LONDON, W.C.2 Telephone : TEMple Bar 5911 Telegrams : Crompark .Estrand, London 21 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944
L/C202 better lighting-COSMOS AND METROVICK LAMPS- —and for October 20, 1944 ^ 2 2 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w
This remarkable number of Holgun Drills has has far exceeded our claim for '/•<" lightweight
been produced in record time, and the service drills The Holgun has proved th e lightweight demanded from them by war-time industries drill for all industries-nqw and in the future. .
A Heavy-duty Jacobs 3 - jaw I Full-size fan mounted on armature geared precision chuck, threaded shaft on spindle J Powerful Black & Decker Universal B Deep-groove ball bearing on M otor . through-bolts hold field chuck spindle w ith inner and securely o u ter races locked in place — minimizes wear, ensures spindle K Famous Pistol Grip & Trigger accuracy Switch " Instant release switch control convenient for right or left- C Spllned mounting of spindle gear increases hand use strength, facilitates inspection, reduces noise friction wear L Switch-locking pin for optional use on continuous operations D Needle roller bearing on back end 01 spindle M Two-pole automatic release switch E Full-size armature pinion, with 12 teeth, locking pin. cord protector.and 3-w ire cable are m ounted in handle as one ensures smooth, quiet operation less wear complete unit longer service N Three jcreened air inlets (on top F Sturdy intermediate gear ball bearing mounted inside the gear and both sides), any two of which provide ample ventilation G Generous size, double grease-sealed ball bearing on armature shaft O Brush holders and springs mounted on moulded bakelite brush ! Ample air outlet slots prevent clogging ring, locked in place by the switch of the ventilating system handle
BLACK & DECKER LTD • HARMONDSWORTH • MIDDX PHONE: WEST DRAYTON 2681/6. GRAMS: " BLACDECK." WEST DRAYTON BRANCH SERVICE STATIONS: LONDON ■ BIRMINGHAM ■ BRISTOL ■ GLASGOW LEEDS MANCHESTER ■ NOTTINGHAM October 20, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 23
¥| IT’S ABOUT ' J
An explosion - a very rapid chemical reac tion. developing a sudden high pressure by the simultaneous f , \ i r ' j m formation of a targe , volume of gases and j V ’ - the liberation of great k, v * * heat energy. If the X ^ --- energy developed by an explosive compound ^ were released slowly. and not in the fraction of a second, there could be no explosion. ime is the ruling factor
— and speaking of time, may we mention that for positive accuracy with dependability you could not offer anything better than the Ferranti C ock 24 E lectrical Review October 20, 1944
j SOUND SIGNAL!'; LUMINOUS' c a l l system s ANG E N STAFF LOCATORS MINING SIGNALS fire, burglar & BANK r a id
a l a r m s
TELEPHONES Relays
W ATCHM AN’S CLOCKS e l e c t r i c i m p u l s e a n d SYNCHRONOUS CLOCKS
PIONEERS in the Electrical Industry, the pre-war pre-eminence of GENTS’ of Leicester will not be forgotten when Peace is once more pro claimed and Industry demands the products they manufacture.
G E N T & CO. LTD., Faraday Works, LEICESTER SBSgow06? ’ belfa^51^ 0^ ^ October 20, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 25
PRECISION TYPE Illustration shows an example of an N.C.S. Frequency Meter of Precision type, complying with B.S.S. No. 89-1937 for short-range precision accuracy, being within 0-1% of the mean value of the frequencies shown on the scale.
These instruments are inde pendent of voltage and tem perature variations over wide limits and develop no self heating errors. Low v.a. consumption.
Supplied with 90, 150, or N.C.S. PRODUCTS include all types 200 deg. scales. of Measuring Instruments, Indicating or Recording, Switchboard or INDUSTRIAL TYPE Portable. Also Protective Relays, Industrial Type Frequency Synchronisers, Circuit Breakers, Meters are also available in Earth Leakage Trips, etc. Every unit all sizes from 4" to 12" is designed for maximum operating diameter dials with 90 deg. efficiency, reliability and durability, scales (approx.). prices being competitive without Nalder Lipman Patents sacrifice of quality. Quotations on request. NALDER BROS. & THOMPSON LTD. Telegrams : cnJÄ'tV.in«) DALSTON LANE WORKS, LONDON, E.8. o c c Œ London 2 6 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944 October 2 0, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 2 7
T H / S SORT O F T H IN G C A N G O ON TON E V E R
A rabbit may be a dunce at some things, but he does know his multiplication. But don’t be deceived. This is no family—it’s the same rabbit every time. Study each one (through a magnifying glass if you like) and you’ll find they’re all exactly alike. You get the same thing among Tru-Wel electrically welded steel tubes. They are mass-produced at speed, million after million. Every length receives the same examination and tests for precision. Tru-Wel Tubes come to you ready for your job, all identical in dimension, strength, and concentricity, according to your orders, so that manipulation provides absolutely uni form results. Yes—this sort of thing will go on for ever. M A D E BY TUBE PRODUCTS LTD OLDBURY • BIRMINGHAM
T. 13f A MEMBER OF THE TUBE INVESTMENTS GROUP October 20, 1944 28 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w
‘iV " . I 1
PAPER INSULATED, RUBBER INSULATED P.V.C INSULATED, CAMBRIC INSULATED, AND OTHER
THE LIVERPOOL ELECTRIC CABLE C?, L™ 29 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944
LEAFLET 126
This recent HIGGS publication has been received with enthu siasm and has provoked universal interest. Its contents throw a r e v e a lin g light on the many potential uses of electric motors on far ms and illustrate what a v a lu a b le contribution they can make to w a r d s improving the pro ductive efficiency of this vital i n d u s t r y .
• .su ™ Bristol Dundee, Glasgow, London, Manchester, Notttogham, Peterborough, Sheffield, Wolverbotnptoo. October 20, 1944 30 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w
ELCO // oFiqht
C R V S ELCO * LIMITED • be “ t o y October 20, 1944 E l f c t r ic a l R f v ih w 31
Ä c U D S W » * * * y \ U ■ I*** FOR SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION DISTRIBU UNDER ALL SERVICE-CONDITIONS
CLA SS-C 75/150 MVA 400, 800, or 1,200 amperes
SINGLE OR DUPLICATE BUSBARS DIRECT-HAND, SPRING, OR SOLENOID OPERATION
CLASS-B 250/350 MVA 400, 800, 1,200, 1,600, or 2000 amperes
,i un I ;;
c —S r - 't— mm— r—
October 20, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 33 The New Craftsmanship for post-war housing
The millions of new houses which are and will be needed in this country— “ prefabricated ” and brick built alike—will call for ample supplies of standardised electrical products of good design, quality and durability. The M.E.M. factory is fully equipped to turn out switches, fuseboards, and other electrical gear immediately the change over from war priorities to peacetime production becomes permissible. By full mechanisation and skilled planning M.E.M. engineers have created the New Craftsmanship which might be described as quality in quantities. Quality depends upon good design, good materials and tested construction. Quantity production is the result of mechanisation and organisation. The M.E.M. factory is self-contained and self-sufficient. It produces good electrical gear from start to finish—good all through.
MEM 8 ” All-Insulated Switch and Fuse
SWITCHGEAR MOTOR STARTERS FUSECEAR ELECTRIC FIRES
MIDLAND ELECTRIC MANUFACTURING CO LTD., TYSELEY, BIRMINGHAM, 11 London Showrooms and Stores ; 21-22 Rathbone Place, London, W .l • Manchester Showrooms and Stores: 48-50 Chapel Street, Salford, 3 October 2 0, 1944 34 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w
! % e a / A e e &
m a^th ^Am kd
Industry relies on the electric motor, faithful robot servant o f m ankind, for the production o f its goods. British manufacturers of Electric Motors are proud of their vast contribution. W R ITE T O E.C.C. FOR QUOTATION. October 20, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 35
VITREOUS OR STOVE ENAMELLED FINISH
EQUIPMENT FOR EFFICIENCY. ECONOMY b SERVICE The following Lists are available on request:— FLUORESCENT LIGHTING FITTINGS . . . L.E. iW INDUSTRA REFLECTORS ...... L.E. 1141 WORKSHOP BRACKETS ...... L.E. I23i/I,
ROYAL E D I SWAN ^ M P S AND FLUORESCENT LIGHTING TUBES
w ys/s. THE EDISON SWAN ELECTRIC CO. LTD. 155 CHARING CROSS RD., LONDON, W.C.2 (l .b.53)
D 36 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944
Synthetic
Resin (OIL-BASE)
Varnishes
CLEAR M472 Varnish M830 „
S I 10 • „
BLACK R587 Varnish
Typical Infra-Red Staving Plant, (ßy courtesy of The G .E .C .)
THERMOBONDS are suitable for baking by the INFRA-RED RAY PROCESS
The Sterling Varnish Company Ltd, (Specialists in Insulation since 1894) FRASER ROAD, TRAFFORD PARK, MANCHESTER 11 Phone : TRAFFORD PARK 2231/2.. T , ... M LONDON OFFICE—Phone : STREATHAM 7389 ELECTRiC’ MANCHESTER LONDON STORES-Phone : HOP 3791 October 20, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 37
ALSO Æ aùouh coôlô o h A c t e o A e MAKERS d a t e d A y OVERHEAD DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS DRAKE & GORHAM LT? STANDARD RD.- NORTH ACTON • N.W.10 Telephones: Willesden 6601-2 Telegrams: Tincomar “ Harles London.” 38 E lectrical Review October 20, 1944 FUSION WELDED DRUMS Marine engineers are not slow in appreciating the advantages of Babcock Fusion Welded Drum construction. The upper illustration shows Babcock Marine Boilers all with welded drums in multiple production for the British Merchant Navy. The lower illustration shows one of the actual Drums, built for a working pressure of 450 lb./sq. inch. BABCOCK * WILCOX LTD • LONDON, ™ 4NGDON ST' E lec tr ic a l R ev iew Managing Editor : October 20 , 1944 Hugh s. Pocock, m .i.e j. Technical Editor : Commercial Editor C ontents :— C. O. Brettelle, M.I.E.E. J. H. Cosens Page Contents continued : — Page Editorial.— Mass Installation . 541 Commerce and Industry 561 Compression Cable 544 Rectifiers for Battery Charging. Marine Electrical Work 548 By F. T. Bennell, Graduate I.E.E. 565 Radio-Frequency Bridges 548 Forthcoming Events 567 Transformer Operation. By C. H. Recent Introductions . 568 Pike, Graduate I.E.E. 549 Electricity Supply 569 New Books Reviewed . 552 Financial Section 570 New Patents 575 Post- W ar Installations 553 Contract Information . 576 Thermal Insulation 554 Correspondence .... 555 Institute of Fuel 558 Classified Advertisements 69 Personal and Social 559 Index to Advertisers . 78 EDITORIAL, ADVERTISING & PUBLISHING OFFICES : Dorset House, Stamford St.,London, S.E.I Telegraphic Address: “ Ageekay, Sedist, London.” Code: ABC. Telephone No.: W aterloo 3333 (35 lines). Registered at G.P.O. as a Newspaper and Canadian Magazine rate of postage. Entered as Second Class Matter at the New York, U.S.A., Post Office. Annual Subscription, Post free : British Isles, £2 7s. 8d. ; Canada, £2 3s. 4d. ; Elsewhere, £2 5s. 6d. Cheques and Postal Orders (on Chief Office, London) to be made payable to ELECTRICAL R E V IE W LTD., and crossed “ Lloyds Bank.” Vfrrnished G iassfabrics slop es FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE INSULATION loco LIMITED . Anniesland « GLASGOW 4 0 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944 PORTABLE OIL TESTER (MAINS OPERATED) FOR THE RAPID TESTING OF TRANSFORMER & SWITCH OILS £ Entirely self-contained and arranged for direct connection to any low voltage A.C. Supply. % The test voltage is adjusted continuously and smoothly from zero to 40 kV. £ The control gear is contained in a detachable lid which is placed well clear of the high tension circuits. Q The form factor closely follows a sine wave at all voltages. 0 Can be adapted for high voltage insulation flash testing when required. EVERETT EDGCUMBE Manufacturers of all kinds of indicating and recording electrical instruments. Photometry experts COLINDALE WORKS, LONDON, N.W.9 Phone : Colindale 6045 E lec tr ic a l R e v iew u THE OLDEST ELECTRICAL PAPER - ESTABLISHED 1872 Vol. CXXXV. No. 3491. OCTOBER 20, 1944 9d. W E E K L Y M ass In stallatio n Electrical Provisions for New Housing Schemes N order that the many thousands of vision should be made at the outset for all I small houses and flats which are to be likely applications of electricity. Other built in the near future may be homes in the proposals of a basic character are those for fullest sense, the same order of priority will the standardisation of a new 60-A con be required for their electrification as is sumer’s control ; of a ring circuit for serving given to their construction. Experience a liberal allowance of general utility sockets with existing properties indicates that, throughout the house (which would call for with appropriately organised productive some modification of the I.E.E. Regula methods and some modifications in in tions); and of a new 3-kW all-purpose stallation technique, the occupants of the socket outlet with a fuse in the plug. new dwellings, despite modest incomes, For meeting the demand for electric should be able economically to enjoy all cookers which is expected to progress at a the advantages that arise from the use of rate exceeding even that of the im electricity for all purposes. mediately pre-war years, the horizontal kind is advocated. This has proved Encouraging Full Use popular in the Dominions and its manu It will not be enough that the new in facture for the home market should there stallations should be carried out on sound fore possess advantages. That the value engineering lines. They should be designed of constant hot-water supplies should be with the positive aim of encouraging the recognised goes without saying, but more fullest use of electricity not only for the effort will probably have to be expended more ordinary domestic purposes, but also in pressing the case for domestic re for the convenient working of various frigerators ; no doubt, as the Committee essentially electrical small appliances which suggests, present costs of these could be may be expected to become available in materially reduced through quantity pro greater numbers as time goes on. These duction. requisites must be in conformity with the need for rapid manufacture at low cost, Standard Plugs and Sockets entailing a high degree of standardisation As some millions of socket outlets will and the adoption of mass-production be needed, it is gratifying that the Com m ethods. mittee was of one mind regarding a new This rare opportunity of starting with a standard. It was less fortunate in its clean slate, but with the benefit of know failure to decide the round versus flat pin ledge of what has gone before, has been controversy ; the considered opinion of seized by the Study Committee operating manufacturers on the production aspects, under the ægis of the Institution of Elec which the Committee awaits, will, it is to trical Engineers in making the recom be hoped, not be delayed. Finality can mendations for pre-planned installations not yet be reached, for causes outside the which are summarised on another page. control of the industry, on the question of Of great importance is the plea that pro whether v.i.r. or p.v.c. insulated cables will E October 20, 1944 542 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w be most readily available. Plastics do not O n e of the m ost pleasing otherwise make an appreciable showing in Long-Term features to us of a recent the Report; nor do all-insulated systems. Cable Test visit to Yorkshire to see the The foregoing comments apply of course installation which is near to new houses, and not to all of these. The ing completion for the long-term testing of greater number of buildings already in a new compression cable for operation at existence will, no doubt,_ absorb the output 132 kV (described in this issue) was the of more conventional' production lines opportunity to appreciate first-hand how until they become obsolescent in the normal the Central Electricity Board is co-operating course. The present Report presents an to make the experiment possible. It is imaginative and practical treatment of a extremely difficult or well nigh impossible subject of great urgency and can be com for cable makers to arrange independently mended to the careful study of those in for adequate long-term testing at the highest tending to take part in the projected transmission voltages, and in view of the Institution discussion on post-war in widely differing schools of thought as to stallations. what form a very-high-voltage cable should take it is not too much to say that such R u n n in g like a refrain An Absolute through the Installation healthy co-operation now must have an Essential Study Committee’s Report enormously beneficial effect on the future is a plea for early con development of the transmission of elec sultation between the half-dozen interests tricity . which (apart from the owner and occupier) T h e r e has been too may be concerned in the construction of a Quality and great a tendency in the building, in order to ensure the provision Price past to consider that of adequate electrical facilities. It is to be British goods will sell in hoped that what might superficially appear overseas markets because of their superior to be a Shakespearean “ damnable itera qualities. Although this belief is firmly tion ” will be effectual at last. It is an based on fact it should not be considered amplified echo of what has been urged so true in all cases and in all places. Some often and, in the first instance, so long times it has been used as an excuse for half ago. Mr. G. O. Watson in his address hearted salesmanship and while this has to the I.E.E. Installations Section (re “ got away with it ” for a time competitors ported on p. 552) quoted a complaint have often stolen a march on British made as far back as 1889 that the electrical exporters by producing something quite installation is “ usually the last thing con as good as theirs at a better price. There is sidered by the designer of a ship ; con still a demand for good quality but there is sequently the engine and dynamo have to a limit to the extra amount which will be be put in any corner that may be found for paid for it. But some customers prefer th e m .” cheapness to quality all the time. In this N o t the least of the case it will be necessary to modify ideals if Keeping in services rendered by the foreign competition is to be countered. Touch four sections of the I.E.E. Manufacturers are constantly being urged are the opportunities that to study their markets ; it is quite as they offer for maintaining contacts among important to acquire a thorough knowledge the members, which the war years have of competitors’ products and methods. generally so sadly interrupted. The W h e n the lighting re- range of contacts possible in present cir Lighting Costs strictions were eased many cumstances has been greatly extended by local authorities decided the informal luncheons which the sections that the expense involved in a half-way have organised. Twice as many members measure was not worth while. Their and guests (many from overseas) as the people, strongly hoping for an early 250 or so who could be accommodated had, return to normal lighting, have generally it was stated, wished to be present at the acquiesced—though not always—and in function of the Installations Section over many places the matter is still being which Mr. A. G. Ramsey presided last discussed. In our opinion the question is week, indicating that the bonds uniting entirely one of cost. It is a good thing for electrical engineers are not only those due the pubhc to have as much light as possible to common technical interests. and they should be given it unless the October 20, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 543 expense is quite unreasonable, as it often she has a refrigerator if she has no ice- will be, especially where the street-lighting making facilities ? The reason the latter equipment has been badly neglected. are not provided is that the company Authorities must, take into consideration, making it considers it more economical in however, that this equipment will have to the circumstances to provide ice-making be put in order before very long. apparatus as a separate unit if required. Should experience show that the housewife, T h e r e is, of course, the in the climatic conditions prevalent in this Fuel Saving fuel economy aspect. Last country, is contented to be without ice,why, week in the House of it might be asked, should not the normal Commons, Major Lloyd George said that type of refrigerator also be constructed full lighting would require another million without ice-making facilities for the sake tons of coal a year. At present lighting of cheapness? One further question : Is was on a much more limited scale and he the slightly greater consumption than that had arranged to find the additional supplies of the normal refrigerator important in a required. (He did not say how or how working class house ? At 2 kWh a day much.) On the other hand Mr. F. W. probably not. Purse in a letter to the Daily Telegraph shows that he is totally against partial In our issue of April lighting, considering it a waste of fuel, South 28th we commented on labour and materials. Although optimism Australian Coal the technical difficulties may have been a little damped lately, surely likely to be experienced by it cannot be long before full lighting will be the Adelaide Electric Supply Company in permissible and once it is the authorities complying with the request of the Govern will be unable to withstand the justifiable ment of South Australia that coal mined public demand for speedy restoration. in the State from the sub-bituminous They must be prepared. deposits at Leigh Creek, 380 miles north of Adelaide, should be burned at the com F a c e d with urgent re- pany’s Osborne power station. Since then Post-war quests for expansion of analysis has shown coal from an adjacent Priorities electricity supplies to rural field to contain only 5 per cent, of ash as areas, the Minister of Fuel against about 16 per cent, in the other and Power has intimated that as soon as deposits, but to have a higher moisture labour and materials are available after the content of 35 to 40 per cent, as mined. war priority is. to be given to the electrical Although the quality of this more recently needs of the bombed areas and of the discovered deposit is somewhat better, the people who are without homes or have to cost of dealing with moisture is inevitably live in patched up premises. Few will high and may consequently neutralise dispute the justice of this decision, but if economic improvements due to higher there is to be a considerable delay in calorific value. meeting the demands of the country T h e South Australian dwellers, those electricity undertakings Drying Government is now in- responsible for catering for them should be Low-Grade vestigating the merits of exonerated from all blame, for they have Fuel the Fleissner process, as already made a substantial start with their developed in Canada and plans for rural electrification. If they are the United States (though not, we believe, not allowed to proceed more opportunities on any considerable commercial scale), will be given to those who clamour for for drying low-grade coal by high-pressure “ reorganisation ” as a certain means of steam in enclosed vessels. By means of securing a supply of electricity for country this process the moisture content is said districts. to be more than halved and not to be T h e introduction of the thereafter appreciably increased through Refrigerator new “ larder-conditioner ” exposure to the air. At the moment, Developments referred to elsewhere in this however, it is still an open question issue raises several inter whether the expense incurred in drying esting points in regard ’to the future of (assuming this to be done at the pit-head) domestic refrigeration. The new develop may not be greater than savings in trans ment ensures a really adequate storage port of moisture between coalfield and space, but will the housewife really think power station. 544 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944 Compression Cable Experimental Installation MOST interesting transmission-cable The manufacturers are the Enfield Cable A experiment is about to be launched at Works, Ltd., and the cable is designed to Osbaldwick, Yorkshire, where an installation overcome the difficulties associated with very- is near the point of completion for the long term testing under service conditions of a new type of cable. This represents part of a great collective effort that is being made by cable manufacturers and experts to find a fully acceptable medium for the underground trans mission of electricity at very high voltages, and the experiment is being made possible by the co-operation of the Central Electricity Board which has permitted the insertion of a length of the new cable into one of its 132-kV grid lines, so that it can be loaded under normal service conditions, and has afforded the necessary site facilities. The cable manu facturers are, of course, providing the necessary means of switching in and out the test cable, with safeguards against possible unforeseen ill-behaviour of the cable. The inner sheath is oval and the outer sheath circular, providing gas spaces between the sheaths to permit breathing high-voltage underground transmission con sequent on the formation of “ voids ” in the dielectric systems of cables because of the refusal of the lead sheathing to contract with the conductor and dielectric after they have been expanded as the result of load conditions. Although the development has been broadly classified as in the field of gas-filled cables, as the gas is not contained within the dielectric system, i.e. inside the normal cable sheathing, we feel that gas-filled is hardly the right term. Actually the gas is applied externally to this sheathing which is thereby caused to “breathe” with the contraction and expansion of the conductor by the gas pressure of 200 lb. per sq. in. outside the sheath. This peculiarity puts the new cable proper, i.e. the simple formation of conductor, dielectric and inner sheath, constructionally largely in line with the long-standing and accepted “ straight ” cable associated with lower voltages. The new cable, which is intended to operate at 132 kV and is in consequence of the single core type on account of easier production and installation, is in principle the same as an earlier three-core development for 66-kV transmission which appears to have been operated successfully, but “ secretly ” for some years past. The later development is, of course, in tended for three-pnase transmission, a line Gas is applied at the base of the sealing- consisting ot a cable group trenched in end insulator through a twin chamber casting ; triangular formation with suitable complete insulator, oil- and gas-chamber , c „ u ] e f l , m .t j e Protection, castings shown separately at bottom llie caDle )S not limited to any one Size, but October 20. 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e m e w 545 in giving the essential details of construction the makers' overall sandwich cable protection we refer specifically to the Osbaldwick cable of two layers of non-fibrous insulating which has a current rating of 394 A, represent material w hich is reinforced with compounded ing 90 MVA. The expansion and contraction cotton tapes and, in turn, served with im to which we have referred is facilitated by the pregnated hessian tapies. This build-up slightly oval section of the " breathing ” results in an overall diameter of about 3 in. §heath ; therefore the cable construction The installation at Osbaldwick is not yet starts with a slightly oval 0-40-sq. in. con completed, as our photographs show , and the ductor (61 0-093 in.) which is built up in a cables, which represent a line length of a few normal type of stranding machine. Under hundred yards round a field, rise out of the the precision control necessary for such very ground and up the concrete piedestals of the high voltage the core is lapped with lay ers of spiecial switching structure where the cable ends paper tape (later suitably impregnated) up are temporarily “ bottled off.” The cables to a radial thickness of 0-46 in. Over will, however.terminate in spiecial sealing-end the paper is lapped a single insulators which constitute an tape of metallised paper screen important pan of the cable in and over this is extruded the inner that the gas is applied to each oval lead sheath, or diaphragm cable at the base of the sealing- which is 0-08 in. thick. The end insulator. This base, w hich diaphragm is lightly reinforced is a casting on which the in by two oiled papers and covered sulator propier sits, has two with an oiled cotton tape. chambers hermetically sealed An outer circular lead sheath from each other. The inner 0-12 in. thick is extruded over lead sheathing opiens out in the the reinforced oval sheath, with top chamber which is filled with the result that there are two oil at 200 lb. pier sq. in., while ” new moon “ spaces, one at the outer sheathing opiens out each side of the oval between into the bottom chamber to the reinforced inner sheath and which the nitrogen is applied the outer sheath. These spaces. at 200 lb. per sq. in. ; thus, through these two chambers the gas and oil systems are fed Oil and gas system s are connected to a compensator which balances for the maintenance of stable the oil and gas pressures ; com w orking conditions, without any pensator shown up-side-down for interferenoe with, or interplay convenience, inner component raised to show bellows between, the gas and oil systems. The junction of the two chambers is sealed off externally which really constitute a con by means of a “ Victaulic ” tinuous space of varying depth joint consisting of a ring with right round the reinforced inner an inner trough containing a sheath, are filled with nitrogen rubber gasket of similar con gas at 200 lb. per sq. in.. so struction, with its channel that the outer sheath acts as a gas retainer. communicating with the gas chamber. In The retaining sheath has a double reinforce this way the pressure of the gas forces the ment. circumferentially and longitudinally. rubber against the inner walls of the exterior The circumferential reinforcement consists ring and effects a gas-tight joint. The of two brass tapies which are lapped over tw o base of the gas chamber is plumbed to oiled papers and followed by a bedding of the outer lead sheathing by a normal wiped bitumtnised paper to a radial thickness of joint, and by means of a casting, engaging 0 04 in., and by a compounded tape. The flanges on the gas chamber and the exterior longitudinal reinforcement comprises narrow of the cable, the normal wipie is reinforced brass tapies applied overall. Finally there is by an outer bismuth-alloy sealing joint. -The gas path is continued in the joint by the space between the reinforcing tube and the outer casing ; joint before insulating (bottom) and with reinforcing tube in position (top) 546 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944 The gas is supplied to the cable from sheath of the cable is represented by a fluted normal service gas cylinders housed in copper sleeve which is placed over the built-up specially designed gas-reservoir cabinets dielectric after the precision hand taping with suitable anchoring arrangements. The has been applied. equipment includes an automatic regulating This “ breathing ” sleeve is plumber-wiped to valve, a shut-off valve, a needle valve in the the lead sheath of the cable through a copper spinning at each end. Over the fluted sleeve is a brass reinforcing tube, and overall there is an outer casing which represents, and is plumb jointed to, the cable outer sheathing via a copper spinning. Thus the gas path between the “ breathing ” and outer sheaths of the cable is represented in the joint by the space between the reinforcing tube of the fluted sleeve and the outer casing. In a similar manner to the arrangement at the sealing-end insulators, the normal wiped joints are reinforced by bismuth-alloy castings in suitable reinforcing moulds. The joint is about 5 ft. long overall, and it is enclosed by a concrete box supported on the concrete floor of the jointing pit and filled with sand. Above : The cables rise out of the ground and up the concrete pedestals of the special switching structure where the cable ends are bottled off. Right : Means for switching cable in and out, with’ safeguards against possible unfore seen trouble gas line to the cable, and various indicating pressure gauges. The gas-reservoir cabinet is connected by a pipe line directly to the gas chamber at the end of the cable, i.e. The 132-kV sealing bells at Osbaldwick at the bottom of the sealing-end insulator, embody an entirely new principle, as applied but there are connections from the gas line to sealing bells, in dealing with the problem of and from the oil chamber at the end of the industrial pollution. The bells were supplied cable to a compensator which preserves a by Taylor Tunnicliff & Co., Ltd., in collabora balance between the oil pressure in the di tion with the Enfield Cable Works, Ltd. This electric system of the cable and the gas principle of “ stabilisation ” involves the between the inner and outer sheaths on the coating of the porcelain with a new type of bellows principle. The compensator, with semi-conducting glaze. Its action may best the necessary valves and gauges, is mounted be explained by considering the mechanism of on the pedestal carrying the sealing-end insulator flash-over due to pollution and cham ber. moisture. Of outstanding importance is the method of In an unstabilised insulator a surface jointing the cable, which can be supplied in current flows from line to earth and, owing to '300 to 400-yd. lengths for normal working the pollution being non-uniform the I2 R conditions. In this joint the “ breathing ” loss vanes from point to point, the greater October 20, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 547 dissipation occurring on the higher-resistance resistance paths and initiate leakage current parts. This dissipation causes more rapid surges which sometimes lead to complete drying out of the moisture at the high re- flash-over. In the stabilised insulator the control of voltage gradient over the surface is taken over by the semi-conducting glaze and local overstressing is avoided. The degree of stabilisation depends on the stabilising re- Each joint in the compression cable is about 5 ft. Cables trenched in triangular formation about long overall 3 ft. deep with concrete slab protection sistance parts than on the lower resistance sistance ; the lower this is the greater is the parts ; consequently the potentials across the stabilisation. In the Osbaldwick sealing ends higher-resistance parts also increase, and the stabilising resistance is o f the order o f 150 eventually local arcs short-circuit the higher- megohms between line and earth at 20 deg. C. Costs of Fuel Saving* '¡'•■'ETHODS of striking a balance between a stable relationship. An exploratory relation ITM. fuel savings and expenditure of man ship between the financial repayment time, RTf, power and material required to produce them and RTl showed the present standard RTf =2-5 were discussed in a paper presented by M r . yr. to correspond to a labour repayment time of G. N . C r i t c h l e y before the Institute of about one year, which was lower than necessary. Fuel at Manchester on October 18th. On the During the war at least two years for the latter initiative of the author, an interim national would be justifiable, corresponding to RTf = standard for fuel saving had been taken by 4-5 yr. As an example of the effect of such a which schemes which saved enough coal at £2 modification, it was shown that the appropriate per ton to pay for themselves in 2£ years were thickness of heat-insulating brick for roofs of approved. An improvement on this was sug metallurgical furnaces could be increased from gested in the paper which entailed the design of 6 to 7J in. While RTL was relatively stable, certain equipment on an incremental rather RTf varied, so the relationship between the two than an overall basis. The aim was to balance would have to be kept constantly under review. the man-power expended in all stages of manu A shortcoming of the financial repayment-time facturing, installing and maintaining a fuel- concept was' that it gave the same value to all saving device against the mining man-power grades of coal. A labour repayment of at least economies it produced. ten years would be appropriate in peacetime. On the assumption that a saving of 275 tons The method could be extended, e.g. to balance of coal reduced the mining labour required by savings in boiler-house labour against man one man-year, the time taken (RT l ) for this power used in manufacture, installation and economy to defray the labour on the device gave maintenance. 548 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944 Marine Electrical Work Selection and Training of Engineers rBIHE theme of Mr. G. O. Watson’s in- at sea might have short intensive courses m augural address to the l.E.E. Installations supplemented by postal tuition. Section on October 12th, was the “ Future of The second type of electrical man should Electrical Engineering in the Merchant Navy,” have passed a suitably modified City and mainly in regard to the training and education Guilds examination, the course including the of electrical engineers, which he looked upon l.E.E. Regulations for the Electrical Equip as the most pressing aspect. The quality and ment of Ships instead of those for buildings. reliability of electrical installations and This would be combined with apprenticeship apparatus in British ships was, he stated, to a concern engaged in installation or higher to-day than ever before, as compara maintenance of electrical installations of tive freedom from fires and other troubles ships. The Institute of Marine Engineers showed, but this had been used as an argument had formulated proposals for the education against improving the qualifications and and training of their members. Similar responsibilities of electrical superintendents representations should now be made on and electricians. behalf of marine electricians. During the course of his address, Mr. Responsibility for Development Watson said that the first record of the use One consequence of this was that the of electricity in the Merchant Service (the initiative in any new direction was taken by Royal Navy had adopted it earlier) was in manufacturers, whereas it should come from 1879 when the saloon of the Pacific Steam those whose duty it was to study running Navigation Co.’s new s.s. M endoza was results and capital charges in relation to lighted by means of a Gramme dynamo and economy if British ships were to maintain arc lamps. In 1883 the Swan United Electric their competitive position. For instance, Light Co. recorded the names of twenty-five there was a tendency in some countries to ocean-going steamers illuminated by in adopt AC instead of DC ; the advisability of candescent lamps, the largest of which was the departing from existing British practice and Cunarder s.s. Am erica with 550 Swan lamps the problems which were associated with and four dynam os. In 1891 Lloyd’s issued variable-speed drives should be studied in a rules relating to the use of electric light in scientific manner. vessels, probably the first code for electrical There were two problems in training, installations ever drawn up. namely the running and maintenance of installations while at sea and the progressive planning for future development and organisa Radio-Frequency Bridges tion at headquarters. The two were in EFORE coming to the more technical separable because executives were promoted B aspects of his address on October 11th as from the lower ranks. Men of the type chairman of the l.E.E. Radio Section, Mr. H. L. Kirke gave an account of discussions he, to educated in universities and technical colleges gether with Dr. Smith-Rose and F. S. Barton, and drawn from manufacturers’ works should has had with the Institute of Radio Engineers of be encouraged to become sea-going elec America, which has led up to the formation of a tricians. The present electricians had Liaison Committee. As soon as sufficient paper generally adopted their calling by chance, becomes available, abstracts of the American having been perhaps wiremen or contractors’ Institute's papers are to appear in the l.E.E. charge-hands who had remained with the ship Journal and vice versa. Mr. Kirke then turned to a description of five but were without encouragement to improve types of radio-frequency bridge which have their position by study. been developed and used -during the last ten years, namely, a short-wave admittance bridge Grades and Qualifications (1935), a medium- and long-wave admittance Two types of men were required. The bridge, a medium- and long-wave motor-ratio first should be professional engineers, ranking admittance bridge (15 kc to 2 M e per sec.), an as officers with a status comparable with that ultra-short-w ave high-adm ittance bridge (lOO kc to 100 M e per sec.), a medium- and long-wave of marine engineers and similarly graded. The series (low) impedance bridge (100 kc to 2 Me junior ranks would be uncertified, but their per sec.), and in addition a low-frequency sea service on electrical work should qualify capacitance bridge—the forerunner of some of them for promotion (which it does not now) the radio-frequency bridges. He concluded by after examination, coupled with prescribed giving some particulars of associated apparatus, workshop experience. Suitable qualifications including an oscillator designed to cover the would be the Higher National Certificate in frequency range from 150 kc to 28 M e per sec. in six bands with provision for battery operation Electrical Engineering or the A.M.I.E.E. and a straight-tuned radio-frequency receiver examination. Youths should be allowed one free day a week to attend classes, while those selectivity °SC t0r a"d ^io-frequency October 20, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 5 49 Transformer Operation Effect of Loading on Life Expectancy TM/WORE economic operation of trans- These probably give a reasonably accurate 1TM formers may be achieved by more indication of the useful life, since the insulation effective use of capacity as loads increase and as a whole may retain adequate strength after by reducing running charges. The advantage complete deterioration at the hotspots.(2> of adopting the first course is, primarily, The values may in fact be conservative, that capital expenditure can be postponed since no attempt was made to keep the if desired and that new units will embody ambient oil perfectly dry; hence the in any technical improvements in the interim. sulation itself probably contained moisture. Such improvements may in themselves Now in 1942 F. M. Clark showed*3* that lower running charges, which with existing the rate of mechanical deterioration of units may be reduced by closer attention insulation increased with moisture content, to such factors as energy losses especially at higher temper and maintenance expenditure. atures. In recent years the M ore effective utilisation im By C. H. Pike, effect of developed acidity on plies increasing the load on Graduate I.E.E. mechanical strength has also individual transformers to an been demonstrated.<4'6' °> As extent which does not shorten the physical in the Montsinger research these effects were life unduly. The economic life of a trans not eliminated—no attempt being made to former is usually reckoned more or less keep the oil dry or acid-free (though the arbitrarily for accounting purposes at from quantities present were probably small)—the twenty to thirty years, at the end of which life values stated might reasonably be con period all the fixed charges will have been sidered as applicable to insulation used in met and the depreciation allocations made practice. will permit the replacement of the unit. The physical life may be considerably longer Temperature and Life and whatever margin remains is subject only The starting point of a utilisation investiga to running charges. tion is the life expectancy required. Assuming The existence of a margin of physical this is thirty-five years, the continuous life indicates incomplete utilisation during maximum or hot-spot insulation temperature the economic life. Financial policy may permissible is 80 deg. C. Hence a trans require under-utilisation with an economic former can be loaded so as to produce life period less than the actual life-expectancy. a hot-spot temperature of 80 deg. C. con Moreover, loading below rated capacity may tinuously (the daily life consumption being T a b l e 1.— L if e o f O i l -I m m e r s e d I n s u l a t io n Temperature, deg. C. 40 50 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 Years 82 70 58 52 46 40 35 30 23 16 10.5 7.0 minimise the total energy loss and main 0 0078 per cent.). With variations of tenance charges. Nevertheless, more effective ambient temperature and load a repre utilisation of existing capacity may result sentative daily load cycle must be obtained. in greater economic efficiency. The several The. percentage of life used up can be factors which must be taken into account computed by summating the percentage require each case to be considered consumption at the various temperatures individually. prevailing for known periods. From the Montsinger data in Table 1 the percentage Rate of Deterioration life consumption can be calculated for The permissible loading of a transformer different temperatures and the daily total depends largely on the life expectancy found. required. Normally a transformer will As an approximate example, with a trans continue to give satisfactory service until the former operating on a daily load cycle mechanical strength of the insulation made up of four periods of six hours at deteriorates to such an extent that it cannot 80, 70, 60 and 50 deg. C., about 0 0056 safely withstand the stresses likely to arise per cent, of its life would be used up daily. in service. Rate of deterioration is deter Thus there is a margin for increased loading mined largely by the heating to which the to an extent which might, for instance, insulation is subjected and increases with produce temperatures of 90, 80, 70 and 60 temperature. deg. C. equivalent to a daily life consumption In Table 1 above insulation life values o f 0 0076 per cent. estimated by V. M. Montsinger*1* are shown. Unless a winding temperature indicator 550 Electrical R e v i e w - October 2 0, 1944 is fitted, hot-spot temperatures must be negligible as there is likely to be an appreciable estimated from the correspondence between margin to allow for contingencies because hottest-oil temperature and load over a daily the load is spread over the day and the cycle, which entails a knowledge of the full maximum temperature exists for only a part load gradient between hot spot and hottest of the time. The hot-spot temperature, oil together with its variation with load. the essential quantity required, is obtained In general, the gradient of an ON transformer by the sum of the hottest-oil temperature at any load is given by L1-5G, where L is and L 15G. the actual load expressed as a multiple of Provided the reference temperature is not rated full load and G is the full-load gradient. exceeded consistently and the load factor The calculated gradient added to the corres remains at 50 per cent, the peak-load value ponding oil temperature gives the hot-spot is unimportant, though considerations other temperature. than thermal capacity may set a limit to this. A substantial increase in load factor Calculation Based on Weekly Figures may necessitate a new reference temperature. Where the number of distribution trans For instance, an increase from 50 to 70 formers is large, calculation of temperature per cent, implies that the peak load is carried is impracticable for checking the daily rate for seven-tenths of the day and no load for of ageing at sufficiently frequent intervals to the remainder. In this case the life con ensure that changes in seasonal conditions sumption in the no-load period is 0-001176 (ambient-air temperature, maximum load per cent, leaving a balance of 0-006624 per and load factor) do not produce excessive cent, for the full-load period. The equivalent temperatures. Nevertheless, although the daily percentage is 0-00947, which will be data may be inadequate to permit utilisation consumed with a continuous temperature of of all unused capacity, some increased approximately 85 deg. C. Again, the actual loadings will generally be practicable. For value of the peak is not important provided instance, if values of maximum hottest-oil the hottest-oil temperature plus Ll r>G does temperatures and load are available weekly, not exceed 85 deg. C. together with approximate load factors, The temperature value employed for the increasing loads can be checked by applying calculation of the no-load life consumption elementary principles. may be, for convenience, the highest probable Consider, for example, a transformer during a particular period and considered operating with a load factor of 50 per cent., constant, but in practice it will vary with and a peak load equal to rated capacity. ambient temperature. If an indication of Assuming that the loading is such as causes maximum ambient temperature is available, maximum daily loss and heating, i.e., the more effective utilisation of transformer transformer is fully loaded for twelve hours capacity will be practicable by adjusting the and is off load but excited for the other no-load temperature values to accord with twelve hours, with constant ambient tem any wide seasonal and local differences perature, the daily life percentage for a given in ambient temperatures. In some locations, expectancy will be consumed at two different the lower ambient temperatures during rates. During the no-load period the per certain periods should permit higher hot-spot centage is determined by the corresponding limiting temperatures and, therefore, greater temperature—approximately that of the peak loads—for a given load factor. hottest-oil. The no-load temperature or a light-load temperature is usually obtainable. Overload Charts At 50 deg. C. with 0-00196 per cent, of the Overloading of transformers when ambient life consumption in each no-load period, temperatures are below the standard reference for a life of thirty-five years, the permissible values is permitted by B.S.S. 171. If daily percentage is 0 0078, so that there is a the ambient temperature indication satisfies balance of 0-00548 per cent, available for the requirements of the Specification it can use in each twelve-hour full-load period, the be used, together with load factor, to establish equivalent daily percentage being. 0 01168. permissible loadings. B.S.S. 171 does not, By simple calculation the temperature per however, include sufficient data to cover missible continuously during the full-load the range of operating conditions usually period is approximately 90 deg. C. This encountered, but the American Standards value is the limiting temperature for all Association has compiled charts for this transformers operating at or below the purpose.*7' 8> These charts are based on specified load factor and no-load tem factors investigated by V. M. Montsinger*9» perature. and others. In practice, if the permissible temperature In general, for self-cooled transformers, is not being attained, the load on each unit 1 per cent, increase of rated capacity is can be allowed to grow, or can be trans allowed for each 1 deg. C. that the ambient ferred, until such time as it is reached and, air temperature is below 30 deg. C„ and an perhaps, occasionally exceeded. In the latter additional 3 per cent, increase is allowed circumstance the effect on life should be for each 10 per cent, that the daily load factor October 20, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 551 is below 100 per cent. By applying these 100 per cent, load factor, 30 deg. C. ambient allowances effective utilisation can be achieved the permissible peak is 95 per cent, of rated by-»reference to ambient temperature indica capacity and pro rata with other values. tions which, for a given load factor and With load factors less than 100 per cent, transformer thermal characteristics, will the hot-spot temperature will, of course, determine the permissible peak loads (as exceed the value permissible continuously due percentages of rated capacity). For this to overload peaks, but the daily ageing of purpose Table 2 should be used. This the insulation will not be greater than when refers particularly to self-cooled transformers the basic temperature is maintained con conforming to United States standards, but tinuously — it may, in fact, be less. In it should also apply to most British ON practice, once a table has been compiled for units. a particular type of transformer, the actual Given the hot-spot rise above ambient hot-spot temperatures are not required. A at rated capacity and the life-expectancy periodical observation of peak load and required, the column containing the 100 per maximum ambient temperature—with an cent, value must correspond with that occasional check on load factor—will indicate T a b l e 2 .— P e r m is s ib l e P e a k L o a d s o f S e l f -C o o l e d T ransformers ( P e r c e n t a g e o f R a t e d C a p a c it y ) Per cent, load factor Ambient Temperature Deg C. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 50 145 140 135 130 125 120 115 110 105 60 142 137 132 127 122 117 112 107 102 70 139 134 129 124 119 114 109 104 99 80 136 131 126 121 116 111 106 101 96 90 133 128 123 118 113 108 103 98 93 100 130 125 120 115 110 105 100 95 90 ambient-temperature value which, added to adherence to the tabulated conditions relevant the hot-spot rise, gives the continuous to the required life-expectancy. Since the temperature permissible to achieve the ambient temperature is likely to be below the required life-expectancy. Table 2 refers to maximum for periods, an adequate margin any ON transformer operating under con for contingencies is assured. ditions which will permit the required life- With moderate overloads, probably the expectancy to be realised provided the only disadvantage is an increased rate of oil appropriate hot-spot temperature obtains deterioration. In addition to this, with when full load is carried continuously, heavy overloads consideration may have to be the ambient temperature being 30 deg. C. given to the effect on oil expansion, load For example, for a life-expectancy of thirty capacity of bushings, leads and soldered years the hot-spot temperature for con joints and associated equipment, such as tinuous operation is 85 deg. C. so that if tap-changing gear, voltage regulators and this is the appropriate value for Table 2 circuit-breakers. Overloading .may increase the transformer concerned has a hot-spot running charges due to more maintenance rise above ambient (30 deg. C.) of 55 deg. C. and higher energy loss due to operation at at rated capacity. lower efficiency. Short-time overloads may To adjust the table to particular require result in an increased all-day efficiency due ments, given the continuous hot-spot tem to fewer units being required. Poor regula perature appropriate to the required tion due to overloading may cause a loss of life-expectancy, the difference between this revenue and reduced efficiency of the hot-spot temperature and the full-load apparatus supplied. hot-spot rise is the ambient temperature The extent of the greater utilisation value corresponding to the column containing permissible will depend on the past history the 100 per cent, load datum. For example, of the unit concerned and the manufacturer’s in a table applicable to a 60 deg. rise trans opinion regarding the durability of the former with a life-expectancy of thirty years, insulation. The life of the transformer will since the continuous hot-spot temperature depend ultimately on what percentage of the permissible is 85 deg., the 100 per cent, load original mechanical strength of the insulation datum will correspond to a 25 deg. ambient. can be lost with safety. Unfortunately Thus continuous full load is permitted only this cannot yet be stated accurately, but if when the ambient temperature does not precise information were available, trans exceed 25 deg. C. This means, in effect, former capacity utilisation could be effected that the peak loads permissible with a 55 scientifically. Recent investigations show deg. rise transformer in a 30 deg. ambient are that, while the first 50 per cent, of the allowed with a 60 deg. rise unit in a 25 deg. mechanical life of cellulose insulation is ambient. In the latter case, the peak loads lost at a comparatively rapid rate at the permissible with any combination of ambient higher temperatures, thereafter the rate temperature and load factor are 5 per cent, diminishes quickly. F. M. Clark showed13* less than those shown in Table 2; e.g., at (Continued at foot o f next page) 552 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 2 0, 1944 YEW HOOKS REVIEWED Plastics—Radio—Wiring Plastics for Production. By Paul I. Smith. could devote. The same applies to his sections (180 pp.; illus.) Chapman & Hall, Ltd., on wire covering, the deposition of metals on 11, Henrietta Street, London, W.C.2. plastics materials and the effects of temperature Price 12s. 6d. on plastics. Mr. Smith has started his book well, with an But in spite of its defects the book is a very excellent well-balanced preface explaining what useful addition to the plastics library. It is he endeavours to achieve. There is an interest written for the practical technical man, steering ing discussion of the possibilities for employ clear of the scientific implications. It is full of ment offered by plastics. It is noticeable that the salient facts relating to plastics, brought he has not included electrical engineering among together in a convenient form.—H.B. the large potential employment channels in relation to plastics. It almost certainly is one Thermionic Valve Circuits. By Emrys Williams, of the chief employers of plastics technicians at Ph.D., B.Eng., A.M.I.E.E. Second present. His good intentions are to some extent edition. (Pp. 208; figs. 127.) Sir Isaac thwarted by the intensive condensation. The Pitman & Sons, Ltd., 39, Parker Street, book is far too small to allow for the satisfactory London, W.C.2. Price 12s. 6d. handling of such an enormous subject. The appearance of this second edition so Mr. Smith has considered plastics from the soqn after the first (published in 1942) is functional point of view. He does not bestow explained by the author as “ having been unqualified praise on the materials, being care hastened by the extensive consumption of the ful to point out their limitations. He does not first edition by the enemy Luftwaffe.” A good suggest that they will answer every problem. He deal of new material has, however, been added has tried to assess objectively their performance including an original general theorem on valve in various conditions. In his first chapter he oscillators and sections on frequency modula analyses the qualities involved in the selection of tion, gas-filled valves, time-bases, the Kipp a plastic for a particular purpose. relay, the transitron, the cathode follower, He summarises the range of plastics very earthing and screening, and valve voltmeters. succinctly and rather too briefly. Naturally his Although open to the criticism of incomplete consideration of the use of plastics for insulation ness, the author does not attempt the impossible was of the greatest interest to the reviewer. The and try to include all valve circuits, but contents electrical industry is one of the greatest outlets himself with covering the main types of circuits for plastics of every description. It is very in such a way that the student should be in difficult to do justice to such an enormous a position to understand, or even foresee, subject in the small space which Mr. Smith further developments. First Course for Electricians. By T. C. Gilbert, Economic Transformer Operation A.M.I.E.E. (Pp. 62; figs. 36.) Morgan, (Continued from preceding page) Laird & Co., Ltd., 54, Bloomsbury Street, Bedford Square, W.C.l. Price 3s. 6d. that the tensile strength of manila paper in a In so few pages it is surprising how much sealed container under oil in contact with information the author has been able to impart. oxygen fell from 18 x 103 to 8 x 103 lb. in This he has done in such a lucid fashion that fifty weeks at 100 deg. C. and then appeared to the reader can absorb it with the minimum of diminish at a very slow rate. effort and is put in the right frame of mind for continuing investigations on the subject. Bibliography Originally appearing in the form of twelve entry and main fuse and the other centrally 1 HP. In addition there may be : Hoist, mounted fuses) are proposed. The use of i to 1 HP ; mixing machine, 5 HP ; grinding quick-acting circuit-breakers instead of a mill (new type), 3 HP ; cake breaker, 2 HP. main switch and possibly instead of circuit For mixed farming, the following would also fuses should be considered. be needed : Chaff and root cutting and cake In multi-occupied buildings the under breaking, 10 HP ; threshing, sawing and crop taking should own, control and maintain the drying, 10 to 20 HP. On poultry farms from service cables, which it would provide at its i to 1 W will be required per egg incubated, own cost; retailing by the landlord of supply i } to 2 W per chick reared and 2 or 3 W per purchased in bulk is to be discouraged. A laying bird for light and warming water. three-phase four-wire AC service would be Electrical accessories would preferably be taken from the 400-230-V mains or from a of the insulated type and more robust than is transformer installed in the building. Rising usual for domestic purposes. For wiring a mains should be run in accessible ducts (not general purpose t.r.s. cable, protected with lift shafts) at least 18 in. by 6 in., one duct to cotton braid, vulcanised and compounded supply each floor or, in larger buildings, one over and containing an earth conductor, is duct measuring 36 in. by 9 in. perhaps for recommended. A high degree of mechanical each 5,000 ft. of ground floor area ; bare protection is needed in a limited number of conductors are recommended. Horizontal situations only, when insulating conduit may mains may be run in floor ducts or hollow be used. Metal conduit is not recommended ceilings in corridors. For flats, a vertical duct since for safety it would require to be separ should enter a sealed distribution board on ately earthed and, unless galvanised, would be every storey, provided with single-pole fuses liable to corrosion. In damp or corrosive for each service, conduits being run to the conditions p.v.c. cable may be more suitable consum er’s control. than t.r.s. cable. Wiring should be installed well out of Farm Requirements -normal reach. In dairies cleat wiring may be While installations in urban buildings used, as it can be cleaned by hosing down, possess many major features in common, with mechanical protection for down-drops there are many special features in farm to sockets and for leads to motor terminals. buildings to be taken into account. In order Appliance frames should invariably be to reduce power wiring costs appliances earthed. The service line (usually overhead) would generally be grouped together. Power would preferably terminate at the centre of requirements on a dairy farm would be : the heavier loads. For supplying near-by Milking machine, £ to 1 HP ; steriliser, 4 to outbuildings, t.r.s. or p.v.c. cable may be 9 kW for 20 to 40 cows ; water heater, 1 slung from a catenary. For more distant to 3 kW ; cooler, J to 2 H P; water-pump, % to loads a light open line should be used. Thermal Insulation N analysis of the properties and processes overlooked, though it was important in regard A which control the flow of heat in con to intermittent heat flow. The diffusivity, or the tinuous and intermittent heating operations ratio of conductivity and capacity, had a was given by Dr. H. R. Fehling in a paper minimum value for a bulk density of 0-7 to 0-9 he presented before the Insdtute of Fuel on (about 50 lb. per cu. ft.). An insulating layer October 4th. Every heat insulating material, not only upset temperature gradients through he said, had two components, one solid and the out the wall but also the thermal resistance at other gaseous. Low thermal conductivity was the surfaces. The possibility of reducing due to the air or gas enclosed in pores and voids. radiation losses by using surfaces of low This was not accounted for only by the con emissivity was limited because the increase in ductivity of air being about one-tenth of that surface temperature increased convection- loss. of the poorest solid conductor; an essential In steam transmission there was a secondary factor was the bottleneck produced by its being power loss in the engine, due to deterioration the highest resistance in a series. in steam quality, which could be of the same A most important characteristic was the order as the heat loss. relative proportions of air and solids in the With intermittent operation, heat capacity structure of a material. There was a broad and duration of the heating cycle were equally relationship between the conductivity and bulk important. For heating from cold, heat storage density of widely differing materials; for in was the dominant factor and hot-face insulation sulators, variations from the average did not the only means of preventing wall losses. For exceed dr 30 per cent. On the other hand re-heating operations storage and surface losses heat capacity per unit volume, which was might be balanced in certain cases. Heat stored roughly 1,000 times greater for solids than for in insulating bricks was only a fraction of that gases, was determined by the solid components absorbed by ordinary refractory walls in the and was proportional to bulk density, the same time—the reduction being more than that deviation from the average being small. owing to reduction in weight because the product The author suggested that the marked of conductivity and capacity was the controlling difference in variation with bulk density between factor. Insulating bricks in the hot face shortened conductivity and capacity had hitherto been heating-up time, lessening storage loss. October 20, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 555 CORRESPONDENCE Letters should bear the writers' names and addresses, not necessarily for publication. Responsibility cannot be accepted for correspondents' opinions. Domestic Plugs and Sockets this grip between the thumb and forefinger the plug would be automatically rotated into V WAS interested in Mr. James Scott's the correct position for insertion in the letter in your issue of October 6th and socket. The grip would also be of assistance heartily endorse his view that every plug in withdrawing the plug and the additional circuit, regardless of purpose, should be space inside it could be utilised for a more wired with at least 7/-029 cable. The City efficient cord-grip than is usually provided. of Edinburgh Electricity Department has The foregoing suggestions apply equally to recently made a similar recommendation to all three-pin plugs and sockets, but I am con electrical contractors as follows :— vinced that the existing B.S. types will meet “ In domestic premises, in view of the all post-war requirements. While the “tree” possibility of the introduction of, and to system may still be preferred for large houses, facilitate changing over later to, a new commercial, and industrial installations, a standard universal 13-A 3-pin socket outlet and plug to cover the functions of the existing “ fused room ” scheme similar to that three sizes of standard socket and plug, it is suggested by Mr. Newton Davey in the same recommended that nothing less than 7 029 in. issue would be adequate in the smaller houses ( 0045 sq. in.) conductors be used for wiring at minimum cost. A self-contained unit to sockets no matter which size of socket could be produced incorporating one 15-A may be installed initially. In the case of a three-pin switch-socket, two 5-A three-pin room not exceeding 200 sq. ft. in area we shuttered sockets, and a cartridge fuse. One propose that there should be no limit to the number of sockets (possibly in addition to a of these units would be installed in each fixed electric fire) in the one room which may room and would feed four or five additional be connected to one final sub-circuit of this 5-A three-pin shuttered sockets by means of size. For rooms larger than 200 sq. ft. a ring main passing right round the room. 7/ 036 in. ( 007 sq. in.) conductors (or The scheme would make for greater safety 7/ 029 in. conductors ringed, i.e., fed at both by limiting the use of electric fires to one ends) should be used if one fixed fire and one position in the room while providing full socket or more than one socket is connected to a single sub-circuit. Furthermore, all the flexibility for other portable appliances. sockets and fixed fires in a maximum of four Southampton. B. J. F r a n c i s . rooms with an aggregate floor area of not more than 600 sq. ft. may be connected to a ¥ N the recent controversy about ring mains single sub-circuit provided that 7/ 036 in. * and plugs and sockets for dwelling houses conductors are used (or 7/ 029 in. conductors the majority of the suggestions seem to ringed). These recommendations are to be have emanated from advocates of cheap regarded as additional exemptions under installations. The introduction of ring mains Clauses 201B and 202D but Clauses 202A and 116A shall still apply, which means that and one size of plug and socket would result not more than 15-A fuses shall be fitted on in all kinds of abuses. The handyman or 7/ 029 in. sub-circuits and 30-A fuses on amateur electrician could not resist the temp 7/ 036 in. (or 7/ 029 in. ringed on one fuse tation to tap the ring main in any old way and only) sub-circuits and that flexible cables while the use of fused plugs in certain circum with smaller than 70/ 0076 in. ( 003 sq. in.) stances is quite good, that arrangement would conductors must be fitted with fused plugs.” certainly not be satisfactory if it was decided This recommendation goes even further to use one size of plug only. In all prob than Mr. Scott's suggestions. The clause ability no spare cartridges of the correct size numbers refer to the I.E.E. Wiring Rules. would be available and the handyman would Edinburgh. P. d’E. S t o w e l l . simply stick in anything available. One correspondent suggests that nothing ship holders return to Loughborough for a Parachute Regiment, aged twenty, who died final year of apprenticeship. as the result of an accident on October 7th. The Metrovick Dramatic Society run by the Mr. E. W. Robey.—We regret to record the staff of the Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Co. death of Mr. E. W. Robey, who was for many has become so active as to require a set of studios. years on the staff 'of the Underfeed Stoker Co., Ltd., and subse quently of International Combustion, Ltd. Mr. Robey was responsible for the introduction and development of many new appliances con nected with the com bustion and boiler- making industries. Mr. A. A. Cawkwell, who was also for some years associated with In ternational Combustion, Ltd., died recently. He retired in 1936, after a lifetime spent in the boiler-making Final scene in “ Quiet Wedding ” presented by the Metrovick Dramatic field. In his earlier So ciety years he was with the Stirling Boiler Co., Ltd., In spite of wartime difficulties it has recently which he left to join the Niclausse Boiler Co., presented Esther McCracken’s comedy “ Quiet Ltd. Wedding ” at four evening and one matinee per formances and achieved notable success. Mr. James Smith, former assistant superin tendent of telegraphs, G.P.O., Edinburgh, has Mr. C. E. Luxton, manager of the electric tool died at the age of eighty-one. For many years division of the Consolidated Pneumatic Tool Co., he taught telegraphy and telephony at the Ltd., has been granted indefinite leave of absence Heriot-Watt College. in order that he may take up an appointment as Technical Adviser on Portable Electric Tools to Mr. H. E, Tanis.—The Electrical World the Director of Industrial Electrical Equipment, reports the death, at the age of eighty, of Mr. Machine Tool Control. Hulbert E. Tanis who was the last of the pioneers who went to Schenectady with Thomas Edison Mr. C. W. A ll but has been appointed to in 1886 when the Edison Machine Works was succeed the late Mr. A. R. Edwards as com moved from New York. mercial manager and secretary of the Electric Lamp Manufacturers’ Association in Australia. Mr. T. F. May.—His many friends in the He has for many years been associated with the electrical industry will learn with regret of the Australian General Electric Pty., Ltd. death on October 1st of Mr. T. F. May, sales Mr. G. H. Oldroyd, borough electrical engineer, manager of the Leyton Stockport, who was due to retire on November works of the London 25th, has been reappointed for a further period Electric Wire Co., and of six months at his present salary. Smiths, Ltd. Mr. May who would have been Mr. Julius A. Krug has been appointed 53 this m onth, was acting chairman of the United States War educated at All Souls, Production Board in the place of Mr. Charles Langham Place, and E. Wilson who, as previously reported, has after a brief period with decided to return to the General Electric Co. the St. James’ and Pall of which he was president before joining the W.P.B. Mall Electricity Co., Ltd., joined the Sun Paisley Association of Electrical Engineers Electrical Co., Ltd., opened its new session on October 9th when which he left in 1914 to Mr. Thomas Scott delivered his presidential take up an appointment address which dealt with “ Modern Factory with W. T. Henley’s The late Mr. T. F. May Installations.” Telegraph Works Co., The Association of Supervising Electrical Ltd. In April, 1927, he joined the London Engineers is inviting applications for the post of Electric Wire Co. and Smiths, Ltd., as assistant organising secretary at a commencing salary of sales manager and in 1929 was appointed to the £500 per annum. position he held at his death. Mr. May leaves a widow and one son who is serving with the Obituary R.A.F. in Italy. The funeral took place at Golders Green Crematorium, among those 2nd Lieut. J. M. Dalton.—We extend our sym present being Mr. G. E. Jewell representing pathy to Sir John Dalton, manager and secretary Mr. W. J. Terry (chairman and managing of the County of London Electric Supply Co., director of the London Electric Wire Co. Ltd., and Regional Controller for London and and Smiths, Ltd.), Mr. S. B. Klein (assistant the South-East District, Ministry of Fuel and general manager of the Leyton works) Mr Power, and to Lady Dalton for the loss of their Ernest Leete (director), and many represen only son, 2nd Lieut. John Michael Dalton, R.E., tatives of other electrical companies. October 20, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w (OJDIKIU1 and IMM VI ItV Factory Accommodation. Compact Service Units. Disposal of Government Factories time would be of real assistance to them when they are demobilised. NDUSTRIALISTS who will later require At Luton, the Electricity Department has I space of 10,000 sq. ft. or more in surplus offered to use its organisation to give instruction Government factories or storage premises, which in cookery, etc., to young women from local they are willing to use for peacetime industrial Service establishments and experimental classes purposes, are invited to apply to the Registrar, have already been formed and tuition started. Control of Factory and Storage Premises, Neville It was felt that small classes, with consequent House, Page Street, London, S.W.l. Except in individual attention, would be most suitable, special circumstances, factories will not be sold so, as a beginning, two classes of eight girls outright but will be let for a period of ten years, each have been formed and each class will at the end of which there will be an option for attend six sessions of about two hours’ duration a further lease for a long term. The short lease at weekly intervals. will commence from the , date when the Govern ment is able to release the factory from war work, unless the selected tenant is the present occupier, in which event the short lease can commence at once. The factories will be allocated in accordance with certain criteria of national interest, such as the establishment of a balanced distribution of industry ; the re-estab- lishment and expansion of the export trade; the maintenance of a war potential ; the require ments of town and country planning ; the ability of individual applicants for factories to make efficient use of A cooking class for Service women in progress at the Luton Electricity the factory premises Department’s showrooms with the minimum of reconstruction ; and the claim, on grounds of Each session includes a period of instruction equity, of firms whose factories have been in the use and care of the cooker, followed by damaged or destroyed by enemy action, or have tuition in the basic principles of cookery and been requisitioned by the State under concen recipes, after which the girls themselves carry tration schemes or otherwise. out some preparation and cooking. This last practical work occupies a good proportion of A.S.E.E. Branch Merit Competition the time. It is proposed to use the final session for a general chat on the domestic use of The examiners have now announced their electricity for water heating, laundry and so on. decision on the first year’s competition between The girls are keen, intelligent and really anxious branches of the Association of Supervising to learn. The accompanying photograph is Electrical Engineers for the best all-round reproduced by courtesy of the Luton News. record for the period 1943-4. In their report, they speak highly of the interest and value of Hundred Years of Ironmaking the educational and business activities of the winning branch, and of its development on a An attractively produced illustrated brochure, carefully constructed plan. A silver cup will issued in connection with the recent commemora tion of a century of ironmaking, tells the story be presented to representatives of Birmingham of the Midland Iron Co., Ltd., of Rotherham, Branch at the opening meeting of the 1944-45 which commenced forging in 1844. The wrought session on October 21st, at the Lighting Service iron trade reached its heyday in 1855—65 when Bureau, London. the concern was converted into a limited com pany. Further expansion raised the quantity of Domestic Training for Service Girls iron manufactured to 12,000 tons in 1880, To those thousands of women stationed at occasionally amounting to 1,600 tons per month, gun sites and similar establishments the present at which time the whole of the plant was steam state of activities has brought a good deal of driven. Modernisation took place in 1904, when increased leisure ; many of these young women the old 16-inch beam engine was dismantled and on returning to civil life will be setting up the rolling of steel commenced, although the home for the first time. Therefore, some main product of the works remained wrought training in domestic subjects given at the present, iron- 562 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944 A start was made with electrification in 1928 There is no other light source that fulfils these re when the rolling mills were converted, but quirem ents so well as the fluorescent tube, the low trading became difficult subsequent to the 1926 temperature of which is another advantage when coal strike which rendered the works idle for one considers the high-intensity illumination some months. After reconstruction in 1930, (35-40 ft.-candles) that must be provided. In Thos. W. Ward, Ltd., of Sheffield, took control the room illustrated this intensity is provided by and introduced such improvements as an over two rows of continuous troughing spaced at head electric gantry for the stock yard, a 5-ton 8 ft. centres with “ Osram ” fluorescent tubes overhead crane with a 46-in. diameter lifting in twin tube circuits mounted 10 ft. from the magnet for loading material and a 500-HP table area. , motor for driving the forge train, which with various auxiliary installations completed the Lamp Publicity electrification of the plant. Thorn Electrical Industries, Ltd., are offering retailers a window display service for “ Atlas ” Lighting for Layout Reproduction lamps, in spite of the continued shortage of Fluorescent tubes are proving most effective labour and materials. A photograph of this for the lighting of layout reproduction rooms. Layout reproduction, a process largely developed in America, has in the past year been used with conspicuous success by the aircraft industry in this country. By its use full-scale drawings of aircraft components are made on metal sheets which are subsequently photographed, the originals serving as “ masters ” and the prints as working drawings. In some cases metal sheet with a sensitized surface is used ; this is exposed and developed and is used in the manufacturing process, thereby obviating “ marking-off.” The rooms generally are composed of a staging raised about 3 ft. 6 in. from floor level and made up of a series of tables 8 ft. by 4 ft. If required, these can be used independently or joined to gether to form one huge table. The one illus trated is about 160 ft. by 20 ft. wide. The draughtsmen move about on top of this table when making drawings and wear special sandals or slippers made of thick felt. The illumination must be uniform over the whole area and as shadowless as possible, the lighting intensity must be high and the fittings ** Atlas ” lamp window display mounted sufficiently high to allow free movement of the draughtsmen and, since the work is season’s standard window display, built up with carried out on metal sheets, a low brightness cartons and poster, is reproduced herewith. light source is imperative even though the sheets This is one of several attractive sales aids which are treated to minimise the specular reflection. the company is supplying to retailers and, in addition, increased national and provincial Press adver tising is being carried out. Restoring Dnieper Plant It is reported by Reuter that nine hydro-electric turbo generators for the Dnieper p lan t in the Soviet U nion are to be manufactured in the United States. They are to replace those destroyed by the Russians when they retreated before the Germans in 1941. Their manufacture and installation will require at least four years for com pletion. This m achinery will not be provided through lend- lease but will be financed by the Soviet Government. E.I.B.A. Donations A number of handsome donations, ranging from £50 to £250, were sent to the Elec trical Industries Benevolent ** Osram ” fluorescent tubes used for lighting a layout reproduction Association in the period front room May to August. The list sent October 20, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 563 us by the secretary includes the names of well- and effort eliminated. The booklet may be known people in the industry, several of the found of greatest use in the factory employing leading manufacturing companies and no fewer 50 to 200 people, but it is recognised that for than eight more electricity supply undertakings— production control purposes a factory em company and municipal. ploying 200 people may be simpler than one In a message to the electrical industry, Mr. J. N. employing 50 if the type of product in the Stephens, the new president, says it is hoped former is less complex than in the latter. that the next twelve months will be a period of The text of the booklet is illustrated with great excitement and good news and will there specimen schedules, cards, record sheets and fore present more than ordinary possibilities and a comprehensive order flow chart which more than ordinary dangers. The E.I.B.A. shows the various stages through which an Council asks that at this time of good omen, and order will pass. later when present high hopes are realised, all should mark their relief and gratitude by House Service Units assisting both with money and work, to an even greater extent than before, the E.I.B.A., which A combined house service unit produced by is an example of that social decency for which Siemens Electric Lamps & Supplies, Ltd., for the war is being fought. post-war houses was described in our issue of May 19th last. The company has now produced Facts About the Railways models of two further types, shown in the accompanying illustrations. The one with a So'far 2,387 miles of railway in Great Britain hardwood front is to the design of Mr. R. have been electrified at a cost of over £50,000,000. Plummer, A.M.I.E.E., and is specially dimen In a normal year main line electric trains run sioned to suit standard brickwork, an important over 51 million miles. This information is point to be considered when mounting the unit given under one of the 48 alphabetical headings flush into the wall. The white enamelled unit is in an interesting booklet just issued by the one of two manufactured for the Ministry of British Railways and London Works show houses at Transport. In addition, there Northolt, and is also is a list of outstanding events intended for flush from 1825 to 1943, and a section mounting. The service on railway finance and statistics. fuse and sealing box is housed under the bolted-on panel extend Northampton Electrical ing down to floor Association level. The annual general meeting of The intefior equip the Northampton and District ment of both of these Electrical Association was held at models is well planned the Northampton College of and provides for easy Technology on October 11th. cabling both for the Mr. O. F. Bailey, Principal of the service cable and the College, was in the chair and was outgoing conduits. re-elected for the ensuing year. These new units will Mr. W. P. Barnell, one of the make a noteworthy prime movers in the formation contribution to the of the Association, who acted as tidying-up of service secretary for the first year, resigned arrangements. owing to pressure of business, and a vote of thanks was passed to him for the services rendered. After the election of officers and and other business, two sound films of topical interest were shown. Anyone who is engaged in any branch of the electrical industry and is interested in the Association can obtain details from the College of Technology, St. G eorge’s Avenue. Production Control The second of three booklets dealing with production control (B.S.1100, Pt. 2, 1944, price 2s. post free) published by the British Standards Institution, 28, Victoria Street, London, S.W.l, gives advice on production control technique in the small factory, with the over-riding object of W hite enamelled service stressing the need for control if unit (above) and model production is to be economically with hardwood front increased and waste of time (right) 5 6 4 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w October 20, 1944 Mechanised Farming scraper-board drawings are being used, and the advertisements are intended to have more of a The need for greater mechanisation of farming prestige appeal. For example, one illustration after the war was emphasised by Mr. Tom shows a 45,000-ton battleship travelling at Williams, M.P.. Joint Parliamentary Secretary speed, with a large lamp superimposed, the to the Ministry of Agriculture, at an agricultural copy explaining that the Philips lamp is a and horticultural machinery demonstration transformer of electricity into light, no less arranged by the Surrey County War Agricultiral efficient in its way than the turbines of a battle Executive Committee at Eashing Farm, God- ship, which transform steam into the power aiming, last week. Since 1939, he said, British which gives the battleship its speed. Other farmers had spent £100 million on farming illustrations are of a submarine, Spitfire aero plane and the “ Coronation ” locomotive, the copy theme being similar in each case. These advertisements will appear in the London evening and a large number of provincial daily and evening newspapers, as well as in two of the national Sunday papers. Two national periodicals have again been included, and a new departure is the inclusion of two women’s journals. The trade, technical and industrial journals will again be well represented, and the campaign will open in these with a bold and simple prestige announcement. The now famous ” poster (“ See it Through with Philips Lamps ”) will again be well in evidence in the London Underground, in the form of lift and escalator cards, and 20 in. by 30 in., 60 in. by 40 in. and 16-sheet posters. Two window display pieces will ,be available this year. One is a Farmers watching a demonstration of welding at Godalming two-sided display card, 18 in. by 12 in., suitable either for window machinery and equipment and two-thirds of it or counter use, which has been reproduced by a had been supplied by manufacturers in this paint transfer process on to pressed board made country. from scrap leather. The other is a larger display When the war had ended, Great Britain, which which again is two-sided, and has been re had disposed of practically all its overseas invest produced by offset on to linen. Measuring ments, would more than ever need to utilise 45 in. by 34 in. this will provide a most striking machinery to maintain and expand home pro and effective centre-piece for a complete duction. British machinery makers would, window display. A new general lamp catalogue besides supplying the requirements of this will cover all lamps still being supplied, giving country, be in a good position to meet the needs revised prices and details of purchase tax. of farmers on the Continent. Apparatus displayed included dairy equip South African Brush Subsidiary ment, pumping plant, sheep shearers and various equipment concerned with the cultivation and The Brush Electrical Engineering Co., Ltd., harvesting of potatoes and other root crops. has set up a subsidiary company under the title Particular interest was shown in a demonstration of Brush (South Africa) (Pty.), Ltd., (P.O. Box of welding as applied to the repair of agricultural 7995), 20, Bitcon Road, Johannesburg. This m achinery. company will initially build buses and coaches and certain electrical equipment in South New Westinghouse Publication Africa and will handle the sale of the following The Westinghouse Electric International products of the Brush Company in the Union :— Company announces the publication of a new Turbo-alternators, transformers, switchgear, technical magazine for Latin America, E l motors, generators, traction equipment, Diesel- Ingeniero Westinghouse. Printed in Spanish and electric locomotives and battery vehicles and issued bi-monthly, it contains articles from trucks. It will also superintend the distribution recent issues of Westinghouse Engineei, together of Petter oil, paraffin and petrol engines in the with additional engineering information of Union. special interest to technical readers in Latin A m erica. Changes of Address T he Passenger Transport Journal, has returned Philips Lamp Publicity to its pre-war address at Avenue Chambers, Philips lamp advertising this season will Vernon Place, Southampton Row, London, develop still further the theme of the lamp as W.C.l (telephone: Holborn 9914). a transformer of electricity into light. The The Chorlmet Radio Electric, Ltd., is moving method of presentation, however, has been next Monday to 64—66, Shudehill, Manchester, 4 changed. In place of the humorous sketches, (telephone: Blackfriars 1054). October 20, 1944 Electrical R e v ie w 5 6 5 Rectifiers for Rattery Charging- Calculation of AC Voltage from Required Output FW1HE somewhat difficult mathematical results for average cases (the accuracy becom JL problem presented in arriving at the ing progressively less as those limits are voltage that must be applied to a battery- approached); for border-line cases where the charging rectifier in order to obtain a certain ability of a particular size of rectifier element charging rate is usually solved by means of a to deal with the required output is in doubt; graph. For ease and accuracy, however, and when standard designs are being devel reference to a form of trigonometrical table oped for the purposes of bulk production. is to be preferred, the problem Only the basic calculation being thus resolved finally is here dealt with and no into trigonometrical ratios. By F. T. Bennell, account is taken of the In addition to providing Graduate I.E.E. voltage drop in the rectifier a solution on these lines, element, the slight reverse this article also attempts to reduce the prob current or the distortion of wave-form caused lem and its solution to their simplest forms by the inductance of the transformer. Allow and to make them applicable to recti ances must be made separately for such of fiers with any number of phases. As much calculation as possible is carried out in the preparation of the tables referred to, leaving a minimum of work to be done in uH-X R the application to particular cases. mm In practice, a simple empirical formula / \ / \ / ' / \ / T \ > i o n n may be used for the majority of cases, any L ------CYC LE ------H p 2 inaccuracies being covered by the adjustable resistances or transformer tapping switches Fig. 2.— Output voltage wave-form from three- usually incorporated in battery charging phase rectifier when connected to battery and equipments. the minimum rectifier voltage is higher than the battery voltage (Case 2) An exact means of calculation is, neverthe less, required for the following purposes: As these factors as will appreciably affect the a guide when developing an approximate result. empirical rule; for determining the limits of Sometimes, when there are three or more output between which that rule will give best rectifier phases, the output voltage is un affected by the battery. A different method of calculation must then be employed and, for the sake of completeness, this case is also dealt with. In designing a rectifier, the battery voltage A . A V j and charging current being specified, the U ------1 CYCLE —— 1 charging voltage (i.e. the average excess of the rectifier output voltage over the battery voltage) is calculated from the charging current and the resistance of the charging circuit. The voltage wave-form from each ' \ t rectifier phase consists of half a sine wave as A /V A /\ shown in Fig. 1 (a), the other half being / \ / \ / \ / \ // \ \ /t \ \ l obstructed by the rectifier, and the rectifier U ------1 CYCLE ------J output voltage is the maximum voltage obtain ing in any of the phases, Fig. 1 (b). F inally, 0 0 when the rectifier is connected to a battery the output voltage is the maximum voltage obtaining in either the rectifier or the battery, Fig. 1 (c). — -AV - v - 1 Two distinct cases arise which will call for / \ / \ / different treatment. Case 1 is when the / \/ \/ d an\ *B I output voltage is affected by the battery U ------1 CYCLE ------w| 2 voltage, i.e. when the minimum value of the rectifier voltage is lower than the battery w voltage, as in Fig. 1 (c). Case 2 is when the output voltage is not affected by the battery Fig I. —Output voltage wave-forms (a) from each voltage, as shown in Fig. 2. rectifier phase; (b) from three-phase rectifier Case 1 includes all single-phase and most (p = 3) ; (c) from single-phase full-wave rectifier (p = 2) when connected to battery (Case I) three-phase battery-charging rectifiers. In 566 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944 this instance, when the rectifier voltage is which represents the charging voltage = below the battery voltage the battery tends to feed back, but is prevented from so doing (3) - (4) = J* R cos 9 d 9 - B a. by the one-way character of the rectifier. It Reference to Fig. 1 will show that there is only during the periods—shown shaded in are two of these areas per rectifier phase per Fig. 1 (c)—when the rectifier voltage exceeds cycle. The total shaded area per cycle is the battery voltage that a charging current flows. therefore 2 P | “ R cos i d S - B a , where P The average charging voltage corresponds to is the number of rectifier phases. the average height of the shaded portions. An Dividing the area thus obtained by the expression for this voltage can therefore be horizontal axis—the value of which, for one obtained by dividing the sum of the shaded cycle, is 2 it radians—we get the average areas by the total distance along the time vertical ordinate, which represents the average axis, or more specifically the amount of charging voltage. Therefore shaded area per cycle by 2tt radians. The charging periods occur once per cycle C - £ [ J > C 0.* < I« -B « ] - for each rectifier phase; the wave-form of each period is symmetrical. For simplicity, w" [J° R cos 0 d 0 — B aj ...... (5) therefore, the areas in only a half of one p T a ble 1 = — (R sm a — B a) .'. R sin a — B a= p No. of Recti 2 3 4 6 fier Phases —p E.C ' K x | _ 7T/P 3-142 1-571 1-047 •7854 •5236 It has been shown (equation (1) ) that R = K W/P ■8551 •7854 •7404 2 | y / 2 sin „IP -US It C C .. tan oc oc ■ p . p Y = ICj -g ... .(6) period will be found, and account will be taken of the number of times the half period where Y = tan a — a and K* = -p. occurs per cycle for various numbers of rectifier phases. I have found by trial that A straightforward expression for a or y/2 the solution is simplified slightly by consider cos a cannot be obtained from this formula, ing the wave-form of the rectifier voltage as and it is recommended that a modified tri cosine instead of, as usual, sine, and the gonometrical table—Table 2—be prepared, datum line along the time axis will therefore to enable \ /2 cos a to be obtained from be at a point of maximum voltage. The tan a — a- This table can be derived from a element to be integrated therefore lies between standard trigonometrical table. O and a in Fig. 1 (c). The figures for angles approaching 90 deg. Reverting to the design calculations, the will not be required as they do not occur in position is that B (the battery voltage) and C T a bl e 2 (Sample figures) (the charging voltage required) are known, and it is required to find R (the maximum OC I OC . I y / 2 co s OC \ ta n OC — OC value of the AC voltage). degrees radians X Y The rectifier voltage = R cos 9, where R 0 0 1-414 0 is the voltage at the datum line, i.e. the 10 •1745 1-393 •0018 maximum voltage, and 9 is any angle between 20 •3491 1-329 •0149 O and W2 measured from this line. 30 • 5 2 3 6 ( |) 1-225 •0538 Let B = the battery voltage and a the angle in radians, measured from the datum 45 ■ 7 8 5 4 ^ ) 1 0 0 0 •2146 line, at which the rectifier voltage curve 60 I'047© •7071 •6849 crosses the battery voltage line, i.e. where the rectifier and battery voltages are equal. Then practice. Also, the figures for each degree R cos a = B, R = ct^FoT ...... (1) need not be calculated for low angles as they increase very slowly. A table for angles of , D B B and R r.m.s. = __— (2) 0, 10, 14, 17, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 and 30 to 60 V2 cos a X ’ (inclusive) degrees, will therefore be found where X = \/2 cos a. adequate, it 16, rr/4 and n/3 marked against It now remains to obtain an expression for the radian figures corresponding to 30, 45 and a, or preferably \/2 cos a, in terms of B and 60 deg. respectively will facilitate checking the other variable, C. The total area between whether a is greater or less than WP, when this is necessary. O and a = J^R cos 9 d 9...... (3) The method of calculation is first to calcu The area below the battery voltage line late Y from the known values of B and C, and between O and a = B a ...... (4) using equation (6) (the appropriate value of The area above the battery voltage line, Kx is obtainable from Table 1); X is then October 20. 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w 567 obtained from i . using Table 2. and this Saturday, October 2 1st.—L o n d o n — At Light value is substituted in equation i 2 i . e n a b l i n g ing Service Bureau, 2, Savoy Hill. W C \ R rJDLS. to be determined. 2.15 pan. Association of Supervising Electrical The toregomg method of calculation is not Engineers. Technical ibn display and presidential address. applicable to Case 2. as an essential require B ir m in g h a m .—Grand Hotel. 12.30 for 1 p.m. ment is that there shall be an instant (at) when I.E.E. South Midland Centre. Wartime lunch. the rectifier voltage equals the batten Chairman's address and visit of Institution voltage. presidenL The calculation is. however, simpler than n 'a k e fie ld .—Strafford Arms, 3 pan. Asso for Case 1. as the output voltage wave-form ciation of Mining Electrical and ’ Mechanical is not affected by the batten' voltage, and the Engineers. Presidential address by J. T. Green and visit by the national president. absence of this complication enables a direct Cardiffi.-— At South Wales Institute of En formula to be derived. gineers, 5 p.m. Association of Mining Elec This formula is derived as follows:—The trical and Mechanical Engineers tSouth Wales element to be integrated lies between O and Branch I. ~ Electrical Aspects of American t P in Fig. 2. from which it will be seen that Mechanical Load me o f C o a l"" tHiustrateti bv equation (5) for Case 1 is applicable except sound film and slides), by R. Crawford. that 3-P must be substituted for at, i.e., Monday. October 23rd.— L o n d o n .— At I F F 5.30 p.m. Informal meeting. Discusaon on C = ^ [jf R cosi (11 - - ^ b J = "" The Engineer's Part in Certain Post-War Problems,” to be opened by the presidenL B ir m in g h a m .—Grand Hotel. 6 p.m. Birming ham Electric Club. Paper on ” High-nreaueacv *-(R sin | | B); R ti- C) Induction Heating.” by T. G. Tanner. sm p SevcasA-on-Tyne .—Neville Hall. 6.15 p.m. I.E.E. North-Eastern Centre. ” Design and and R r.m.s. = Performance of Domestic Electrical Appli ances. by W. N. C. Clinch and F. Lynn. Tuesday. October 24th.—L o n d o n .—At I.E.E. — -— - (B - C ) = K j (B - Q ...... (7) Council Room. 2.50 p.m. British Soczetv for x 2 sin p _ International Bibliography. *- The Application of Universal Decimal Classification to Tele ” p communication Literature,” by Mr. J. E. where K. = — and is obtainable from Wright, and ” Document Classification in a ■\ 2 sin p - Limited Field—Radiocommunication and Allied Subjects,"' by Mr. L. S. Harley. Table 1. Wednesday, October 25 th.— L o n d o n ,— A t If there is doubt whether a particular LE.F-, 5.50 p.m. Radio Section. “ Develop example should be treated as Case 1 or Case 2. ment of Polythene as a High-frequency Di electric.” by Prof. Willis Jackson and J. S. A. ) should first be calculated, using equation Forsyth. (6). Table 2 should then be referred to, to E d in b u r g h .—Heriot-Wan College. 6 p.m. see whether a is more or less than ^ p. i f I.E.E. Scottish Centre. Exploratory wireless less. Case 1 applies: if the same or more.. meeting. Paper: ” Survey of the Performance Case 2. of Post-War Television.'" by B. J. Edwards. B ir m in g h a m .—At James Watt Institute. 6.30 p.m. I.E.E. South Midland Students" Section. Forthcoming Events ” Diesel Electric Traction.” by F. I . Toombs. Friday. October 20th. — L u n e o t.—At Institu D o n c a s te r .—Technics! College. 3 p.m. Asso tion of Electrical Engineers. 5.30 p.m. Measure ciation of Mining Electrical and Mechanical ments Section. Inaugural address bv Dr. Engineers (Aerkshire S.E. and N.W. Branches’. W. G. Radfey. Visit by H.M. Electrical Inspector of Mines L o n d o n .—Institution of Mechanical Engineers. and discussion on his report. 5.30 pan. Presidential address on “ Applied Xevcastlf-OM -Trne .— Bolbec HaH. 6.45 p.m. Reseat ch." by Dr. H. R. Ricardo. North East Coast Institution Student Section. L o n d o n .—39, Victoria Street, S.W.l, 6.30 Chairman's address. pan. Junior Institution of Engineers- Informal Friday. October 2~th.— L o n d o n .—At Institu meeting- ” Humidity and its Control.” by tion of Civil Engineers. 5 pan. Institution of M. R. G. Morton. Chemical Industry". Chemical Engineering Sewcastle-om-Tjne .—Neville HalL Westgate Group. Fifth Hmcfaley Memorial Lecture* Road. 6.30 p.m. l.E.E. North-Eastern Students" " Hydro-electric Development in Great Britain Section. Inaugural address by the chairman. and its In nee ace on Chemical and Allied G. E. Topping. Industries,” by Sir Alexander Gibb. \em castle-on-Trne .—At Literary" and Philo L o n d o n .—Institution of Mechanical Engineers, sophical Society’s Lecture Theatre. 6 p.m. 530 pan. Informal discussion on " The North East Coast Institution of Engineers and Influence of Engineering on Social Advance Shipbuilders. Annual general meeting and ment,” to be introduced by E. Reeve. presidential address. Monday. October 50th.—B ir m in g h a m .—A t S h e ffie ld . — At Metallurgical Club. West James Wait Institute, 6 p.m. I.E.E. South Street! 6.30 pun. Junior Institution of Midland Centre Radio Group. Discussion on Engineers (Shemeld Section .. Annual meeting ” Industrial Applications of High-free tiencv and in fo rm a l discussion. Power,” to be opened by E. May. 5 6 8 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 2 0 , 1 9 4 4 KEt'EXT IXTRODltTIOXS Notes on New Electrical and Allied Products Signalling Torch cost of the unit will be considerably less than the pre-war family model refrigerator. Electricity MARINE torch for night signalling is an consumption is approximately 2 kWh a day. A nounced by the General Electric Co., This equipment and a proposed standard 3-k W Ltd., Magnet House, Kingsway, London, W.C.2. fused plug are two of the outstanding electrical It is weatherproof and made partly of steel items in an exhibition now running at specially treated to resist rust. The head ring Birmingham under the auspices of the Ministry of Works. It is a display of housing equipment to illustrate those parts of the “ Housing Manual, 1944” which deal with interior in stallations and fittings. The exhibition is complementary to the demonstration houses at Northolt, which illustrate Government recommendations on the planning and con struction of houses. It has been arranged with the co-operation of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Fuel and Power. The Marine signalling torch] exhibition is being held at the West End Hall, and base cap, which embody screw threads, are 92, Suffolk Street (near the Civic Centre). made of brass. The whole is finished in black From October 16th to 21st inclusive admission rivelling enamel. The head of the torch is fitted with a light- restricting cowl and colour screen for night signalling. These are detachable and, without either or both of them, the large diameter reflector with focusing device gives a strong spotlight beam. The bulb holder has a spring plunger, so that the bulb can be unscrewed to the last thread before contact is broken. The torch is fitted with a Morse tapper key and a thumb switch; with the former locked in the closed position by means of a sliding tube, the torch may be used in the normal way. The thumb switch also acts as a safety feature to prevent accidental flashing of the tapper key. Additional refinements include a carrying handle, which also forms a stand for signalling, and a spare bulb holder. It has an overall length of 11 in., and is designed to take an “ Osram ” 2-V, 0 3-A bulb, operating from two L.6103 battery cells. It has been approved by the Admiralty for use as a night signalling torch on merchant ships, and by the Ministry of War Transport for lifeboats and for use in similar circumstances. ' Larder Conditioner To provide safe food storage conditions in kitchens not large enough to accommodate refrigerators, Frigidaire, Ltd., 401, Edgware Road, The Hyde, London, N.W.9, has designed a “ larder conditioner.” A small fan over a Frigidaire 11 larder conditioner” specially designed cooling coil contained within the unit circulates the air within the larder and will be by ticket only. From October 23rd to removes all food odours. Clean cool air then November 4th, inclusive, the exhibition will be flows round the larder maintaining the tempera open to the public from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. each ture at less than 50 deg. F. with appropriate day (including Saturdays). relative humidity both winter and summer. Under these conditions even bread and green vegetables can, it is claimed, be kept for reason West Hartlepool Model Kitchen able periods in perfect condition. fW'HE borough electrical engineer of West The apparatus, which will cool an entire -■ Hartlepool (Mr. S. Tillotson) has designed a larder of 25-30 cu. ft., is operated by an electrical model kitchen which includes suggestions made rotary sealed compressor designed to run for by housewives who inspected a previous model. years without attention. There are no switches Mr. Tillotson s model, .which is open for public to set, no oiling to be carried out and no periodic inspection, can be incorporated in the houses of de-frosting. Larders need to be lightly in 900 sq. ft. proposed by the Government. The sulated, and have standard flush doors_packed kitchen covers 164 sq. ft. and has a laundry internally with kapok. It is anticipated that the adjoining. October 20, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 569 ELEC TR IC IT T S I T P L Y Breakdown at Douglas. Hamilton Ban Removed. Bradford-— Pow er Station Extensions.—- Co. without expenditure by* the Council. In The Electricity Commissioners have approved a ihe event of either proposal being accepted scheme tor extensions at Valley Power station the supply to consum ers w ould be at the standard estimated to cost £1,000.000." Half of the rales operating throughout the area served extensions have to be completed by 1946 and by the Clyde Valley Co. the remainder by 194$. The contract has been Glasgow.— Supply to Farms. —It is recom let for a new turbo-alternator, and preparations mended that the Corporation shall contribute are being made for the installation of two new £250 towards the cost of a high-voltage over boilers. head line to be erected by* the Clyde Valley C a rd iff.— Substation. —The Electricity Com Electrical Power Co. to supply farms in the East mittee is to obtain a substation site in Grand Kilbride area. The proposed contribution is in Avenue, Ely. respect of the inclusion of one of the Corpora Chesterfield.—Bulk Supply A rrangem ents - tion's farms. —In connection with a scheme for additional Ham ilton.— Ban* on Choice Removed. —In bulk supplies from the Derbyshire ¿c Notting 1934 the Town Council approved resolutions hamshire Electric Power Co.. involving the of a joint meeting of the Gas and Electricity erection of an additional 5.00©-kW bulk supply Comminees as a result of which tenants of plant, the Electricity Committee has decided new houses were not allowed to use electricity to seek sanction to borrow £12.365. for heating and cooking. At its last meeting Supply to Pumping Station. —The borough the Council decyled to lift this ten-year ban electrical engineer has reported to the by rescinding the former resolutions. It was Electricity Committee that as the Electricity agreed that, in all houses belonging to the Commissioners are not prepared to grant Council, tenants should be free, subject to the the necessary licence for the erection of steel approval of the Housing Committee, to intro lattice towers for the high-voltage line to the duce electricity and to make whatever use of Holmebrook pumping station, a new scheme that medium they choose. has been prepared incorporating wooden poles and this, with a revised schedule of costs, Hull.—Power Station Extensions. — The has been submined to the Commissioners. Electricity Committee has obtained sanction to borrow £750,000 for extensions at the power Douglas i I.O.M.).— A c c i d e n t a t P o w e r station. It is also applying for permission to S t a t i o n — A flywheel, weighing about 2 0 tons, dew off the generator at the power station on borrow £20,000 for mains and £10,000 for October 10th and. as a result, the^.vhole of the substations. island was deprived of a supply of electricity. Industrial Supplies. —To meet the increased The flywheel wrecked part of the station as it demand from industrial consumers in suburban hurtled through the roof, then it broke up in areas works are to be carried out by the mid air and fell in v arious parts of Douglas after Committee at an estimated cost of £9,213. travelling nearly half a mile. Many people had Lichfield.— Price Increase W aived. — The narrow escapes but nobody was hurt. Workmen Electricity Committee recommends that the in the station suffered from shock. Two pieces 10 per cent, war increase in prices shall be not o f the flywheel badly* dam aged the office o f the charged in respect of the September quarter. Isle of Man Times. One piece went through Newport (Mon.).—Lower Charges Recom the five-storey building and destroy ed a Diesel m e n d e d . —Following a report by Mr. T. H. engine, and another piece wrecked much of the Wood, who was appointed borough electrical building. An electricity supply was later brought engineer and manager earlier this year, the into operation in the island by means of emer Electricity and Transport Committee has recom gency plant. mended the halving of the temporary* 10 per cent, E s s e x . — E lectricity Failure. — Southend increase in charges made in 1940. The Com and most of the S.E. Essex towns and villages mittee has congratulated Mr. Wood and his were affected by a failure of the electricity staff on the results shown in the report on the supply last Saturday night. There was a com past year's trading. plete black-out for twenty -five minutes. _ Northern Ireland.— Development Scheme.— Dumbarton. — Adm inistration of U nder The Electricity Board for Northern Ireland has t a k i n g . —There are indications that Dum submined to the Ministry of Commerce for barton Town Council intends to exercise its confirmation under the Electricity (Supply) Act option to terminate its agreement with the l Northern Ireland), 1931, a development scheme Electric Supply Corporation for the supply in parts o f A ntrim and Derry*. The scheme is of electricity in the burgh. In reply to an made with the general object of promoting, inquiry the Clyde Valley Electrical Power Co. co-ordinating and improving the supply, has submitted proposals in the event of the distribution and sale of electricity* in the develop Council’s exercising its option. One proposal is ment area as and when conditions permit, and that the Council should continue to be the gives the Board power to acquire and link-up electricity undertakers and enter into an agree with its main transmission lines all existing ment for the Clyde Valley Co. to operate the undertakings as and when desirable. undertaking, the company* to provide the Notice has been given that authorised under capital for the acquisition and future extension takings or other persons interested may make with a 40 years' agreement. The second is representations to the Ministry' of Commerce that the Dumbarton Electric Lighting Order with respect to the scheme within a month. of 1920 should be transferred to and merged A resolution protesting strongly against the into the whole undertaking of the Clyde \ alley proposal of the Board to acquire the municipally- 5 7 0 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944 owned Portstewart undertaking as part of the estimated cost of £11,000 have been approved by scheme has been passed at a special meeting the Town Council. The scheme is now being of Portstewart Council. submitted to the Electricity Commissioners. Stretford.— Charges Reduced. —The Stret W igan.— Farm Electrification. —The Rural ford and District Electricity Board has reduced District Council has approved plans of the the lighting flat rate from 4Jd. plus 5 per cent, Lancashire Electric Power Company for supplying to 3fd. per kWh; the heating rate from l£d. electricity to seven farms. to Id.; power charges from 65 to 50 per cent, over the sliding scale; and the domestic “ all- Overseas in ” tariff running charge from |d. to id. Belgium. — E lectricity in Brussels Re Tynemouth.— Supply to Trading Estate.— s t r i c t e d . —Warning has been given that In connection with electricity supply to the electricity in Brussels is to be cut off from sun Chirton Trading Estate, the Electricity Com rise to sunset because of the coal shortage. mittee has agreed that until experience has been Supplies will continue to vital services such as gained of the manufacturers’ requirements hospitals, flour mills, bakeries and newspapers. the electricity supplied to their new premises If coal supplies permit, the electricity services shall be charged on the maximum demand will be restored at certain hours of the day terms, namely, £4 5s. per kW of m.d. per for cooking.— Reuter. annum plus id. per kWh subject to an addition or reduction of OOld. per kWh supplied for New Zealand.— Plant Extensions. — It is each shilling by which the cost of coal for the reported in Tenders that the Auckland Electric calendar year is above or below 12s. per ton. Power Board is supplying its consulting en gineers in London with specifications and West Bromwich.— Showroom A lterations.— orders covering various items of electrical Proposed alterations to the electricity showrooms equipment required for proposed extensions, and reconstruction of adjoining premises at an together with instructions for inviting tenders. f i n a n c i a l s e c t i o n Company News. Stock Exchange Activities. Mr. A. N. Rye, the deputy chairman, stated Reports and Dividends at the general meeting on October 24th that The Calcutta Tramways Co., Ltd.—No estimate there was a wide field for telephone expansion of the purchase price which the Calcutta Cor in Venezuela, and the Nacional Company poration will pay on acquiring the undertaking planned large extensions immediately equip on January 1st next could be given by Sir ment became available. Geoffrey R. Clarke, the chairman, at the company’s annual general meeting on October The British Vacuum Cleaner & Engineering 10th. The purchase price is to be based on the Co., Ltd., reports a gross profit of £155,059 for income and working expenses for a period of the year ended September 30th last, as compared years ending with the current year; when the with £149,730 in the previous year. After the accounts have been completed the price will be deduction of bank interest, directors’ fees, in ascertained and settled either by agreement come tax and N.D.C., the net profit is £88,640 or, if necessary, by arbitration. Sir Geoffrey (against £95,888). A sum of £54,000 (£55,000) said that apart from the separate Howrah is transferred to income tax reserve, while the system, which was constructed under agreement staff pension fund receives £7,500 (£10,000). A with the Howrah municipality, there were final dividend of \1 \ per cent, makes 30 per cent, certain portions of the Calcutta system vital to for the year (same) and £12,202 (£11,687) is its working which lay outside the scope of the carried forward. contract and did not therefore fall within the The United River Plate Telephone Co., Ltd., in terms of purchase. Acquisition of these portions a preliminary statement for the six months ended would involve legislation. During the year two June 30th, 1944, records gross earnings amount extensions were completed and opened for ing to £2,659,604, as compared with £2,504,603 traffic, one to Ballygunge and the other to for the first half of 1943, the net income being Howrah station across the new Howrah bridge. £588,054 (£542,511). A. Reyrolle & Co., Ltd., are offering ordinary Erinoid, Ltd., proposes to increase its capital stockholders 189,330 new £1 ordinary shares at from £330,000 to £750,000 by the creation of 60s. each in the proportion of one new share for 420,000 £1 shares. No immediate issue is pro each complete multiple of £4 7s. 6d. of ordinary posed. The net profit for 1943-44 was £16,802 stock held. The proceeds of the issue are to be (against £15,974) and the dividend is being main used to repay bank loans and to provide for tained at 10 per cent. commitments now in hand. Electric & Musical Industries, Ltd., state that Telephone Properties, Ltd., report an income amounting to £87,309 for the year 1943, as the group’s net profit for the past year was £182,024, comparing with £174,357 for the compared with £94,216 for 1942. Almost all preceding twelve months. The ordinary dividend of this sum was in respect of dividends and is maintained at 8 per cent, (including 2 per cent, interest from the Venezuelan subsidiary. The bonus) less tax at 8s. 6d. in the £. net profit was £30,968 (£24,503). ,A dividend of 6 per cent, (nil) is to be paid, and reserve Strand Electric Holdings, Ltd., besides main for contingencies again receives £5,000, leaving taining its dividend at 10 per cent, is paying £42,549 (£40,450) to be carried forward. a bonus of 2i per cent. October 2 0 , 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 41 m m Veritys manufactures offer a wide choice from an extensive range of industrial electrical equipment. Install “ Verity ” manufactures and guarantee your maximum war effort. VERITYS Ltd Sales Headquarters: BRETTENHAM HOUSE, LANCASTER PLACE, W.C.2 42 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944 (A short series of open letters by LS.E., commenting on some notable letters»of the past.) To King Darius III, who wrote to Alexander the Great, telling him to get back home and to take his gang of robbers with him. N o r w ich , 1944 Your Late Majesty, So Alexander ignored your warning and eventually de feated your armies. At the age of 25 he had conquered the known world and you lay slain. Perhaps, before being so rude to Alexander, it would have been wise to have looked to your readiness for war. If only you had boasted a little less ; toned down, for instance, your claim that the King of Heaven had be stowed on you the dominion of the earth. In our business we do not waste much time hurling abuse and defiance at our competitors. We even admit that some of them make good electric motors—but we do our level best to make ours better and we have steadily enlarged our kingdom for sixty years. With great respect for your late eminence, Yours truly. LAURENCE, SCOTT & ELECTROMOTORS LTD. October 20, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 571 Marconi’s Wireless Telegraph Co., Ltd., has East Suffolk Electricity Distribution Co., Ltd.— declared an interim dividend of 34 per cent, Capital, £125,000 in £1 shares. Return dated (same). March 28th (filed May 3rd). All shares taken up. The Marconi International Marine Communi £135,000 paid (including 16s. 8d. per share cation Co., Ltd., is again paying an interim premium on 12,000 shares). Mortgages and dividend of 24 per cent. charges: £7,900. The Skefko Ball Bearing Co., Ltd., has declared Increase of Capital an interim dividend of 6? per cent., tax free (same). Electroway Heaters, Ltd.—-The nominal capital has been increased by the addition of £5,000 The River Plate Electricity & Other Securities beyond the registered capital of £5,000. The Corporation, Ltd., is again to pay an interim additional capital is divided into 2,000 ordinary dividend of 2 per cent. and 3,000 6 per cent, preference shares of '£1 Callender’s Cable & Construction Co., Ltd., is each. maintaining its interim dividend at 5 per cent. The John Thompson Engineering Co., Ltd., is Mortgages and Charges paying an interim dividend of 5 per cent. (same). C. O. Ericsson Engineering W orks, Ltd.— The British Thermostat Co., Ltd., proposes to Debenture charged on deeds and documents maintain its interim dividend at 74 per cent. relating to properties in King’s Norton and Sutton Coldfield, and the company’s under W. B. Dick & Co. (Holdings), Ltd., has main taking and other property, present and future, tained its dividend at 4 per cent. * including uncalled capital, dated September 23rd, 1944, to secure all moneys due or to New Companies become due from the company to Lloyds R. J. Stearn & Sons (Luton), Ltd.—Private Bank, Ltd. company. Registered October 4th. Capital, Sunderland Engineering Equipment Co., Ltd.— £3,000. Objects: To acquire the business of Assignment of proceeds of contracts, dated electricians formerly carried on by the late September 14th, 1944, to secure all moneys due R. J. Stearn and F. C. White at 19, Upper George or to become due from the company to Martins Street, _Luton, and to carry on the business of Bank, Ltd. electrical and wireless engineers and dealers, etc. Directors: R. G. Stearn, 16, Sharpenhoe General Installation Co., Ltd.—Satisfaction in Road, Barton, Beds., H. L. Stearn and W. A. full on August 22nd, of debenture dated Stearn, both of 38, Westbourne Road, Luton. October 1st, 1931, and registered October 8th, Registered office: 19, Upper George Street, 1931, securing £100. Luton. Insuloid Manufacturing Co., Ltd.—Private Liquidations company. Registered October 5th. Capital, Dome Electric Co., Ltd.—Meeting October 21st, £5,000. Objects: To carry on the business at the office of Harry L. Price & Co., 47, Mosley of manufacturers of, and dealers in, insulating Street, Manchester, to receive an account of the plastic and other paper materials, rubber, winding up by the liquidator, Mr. A. T. Eaves. synthetic rubber and covered textile yarns, and goods made therefrom or treated therewith, radio sets, electrical goods, etc. Directors: Bankruptcies E. F. Emery, West Lodge, Butley Road, Ad- T. Smith, Jun., radio dealer, carrying on lington, Cheshire; and F. D. Emery, 6, Beech business at 19, Risborough Lane, Charlton, as Road, Cheadle Hulme, Cheshire. Registered the Risborough Radio Service, and at 5, office: Ford Street Mill, Chestergate, Stockport. Prospect Road, Hythe, as Hythe Music Stores. Glenmill Radio and Electrical Co., Ltd.— —Application for discharge to be heard on Private company. Registered October 5th. November 14th at the Guildhall, Canterbury. Capital, £2,000. Objects: To carry on the R. E. Pearcey, motor and electrical engineer, business of manufacturers of, and dealers in, 105, Arthur Street, Withernsea.—Discharged wireless, television and electrical goods, etc. as from September 20th, 1944.—Proofs for Directors: Lieut. G. W. Brown Mills (formerly dividends by October 27th to the trustee, Gerald W. Brown), 16, Linden Road, Gosforth, Mr. J. E. D. Stickney, 1, Parliament Street, Newcastle-on-Tyne and W. R. Bell, 81, Selsea Hull. Avenue, Herne Bay. Registered office: 109a, H. A. Mayhew, electrical contracting engineer, Mortimer Street, Herne Bay. 96, London Road, Apsley, Herts and 30, Elmer Gardens, Edgware.—Order made Companies’ Returns September 19th for discharge subject to debtor’s Statements of Capital consenting to judgment for £25 being entered against him by the Official Receiver. Burgess Hill Electricity, Ltd. — Capital, £65,000 in £1 shares (all ordinary). Return J. H. Matthews, electrical dealer, 232 Town dated May 3rd. 52,250 shares taken up. Street, Bramley, near Leeds.—Supplemental £50,400 paid. £1,850 considered as paid. dividend of 5s. 2d. in the £ payable October 27th Mortgages and charges : Nil. at the Official Receiver’s Office, 2 4 a , Bond Street, Leeds. Prince’s Electrical Clocks, Ltd.—Capital, £3,000 in £1 shares. Return dated May 16th K. G. Burfield, electrical contractor, Espere, All shares taken up. £1,000 paid. £2,000 Couchmore Avenue, Clayhall Avenue, Ilford. considered as paid. Mortgages and charges: —Receiving order made October 6th, on a creditor’s petition. Nil. 5 7 2 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944 STOCKS AND SHARES dend was 15 per cent., all these dividends having been paid out of earnings substantially T u e s d a y E v e n i n g . greater. The company’s year ends with TOCK Exchange prices are better than December and the last-published accounts the amount of business which is now showed Callender’s to be in an extremely going on in the House, for prices are well strong financial position, the net liquid assets maintained though the volume of business being rather over £1,000,000. The shares being transacted is certainly small. Every afford a yield of £3 16s. 2d. per cent, on the now and then a spasm of activity occurs in money at the present price of 5|, which, by one market or another. This week it has the way, compares with 1J touched in the been the radio department that has attracted dark days of 1941. most attention, a sharp rise in Electric & E.M.I. Musical Industries giving impetus to the list as a whole. For the best-class industrial Electric & Musical Industries shares rose shares a consistent demand continues. to 37s. an hour or two before the company announced a dividend and bonus making, as Price Fluctuations before, 8 per cent, for the year. By some The variation in prices this week is com m isunderstanding the figures were not suffi paratively slight. Home Railway firmness is ciently clearly stated for them to be readily reflected in a point rise, to 75, in Southern comparable with those of the previous year. 5 per cent, preferred. The prior-charge group The result was a fall next morning to 35s. 6d. is better, too, but nominal quotations have and, although the company promptly tele been left unchanged. London Passenger phoned to the Stock Exchange a re-statement Transport issues show no alteration, although of the announcement, making clear what was to buy the fixed-interest stocks is a matter of previously obscure, the price of the shares increasing difficulty. Preference shares in failed to recover to the overnight level. At the Home electricity supply group are also 36s., they show a gain of -fe on the week. none too easy to come by. Montreal Power The market in radio shares is tolerably at 22^ is 1 lower, but Shawinigans hardened to active. Cossor at 25s. 6d. and E. K. Cole at 16^. Tokyo Electric sixes, the recent specu 33s. are 6d. and Is. better respectively. Pye lative buyers being satisfied, went back to 26. deferred shares are unchanged at 33s. 9d. Cawnpore Electrics at 39s. 3d. have lost 9d. So far as E.M.I. is concerned, it really Calcutta Electric Supply remain at 47s. matters little what current dividend the com pany pays or what the earnings are under Miscellaneous Movements present conditions; supporters of the shares The Strand Electric surprised and pleased look to the future development of television its proprietors by declaring a bonus of 2 \ as likely to justify the faith which they repose per cent, in addition to 10 per cent, dividend. in their investment. This is 2 \ per cent, better than last year’s De La Rue distribution. The price of the 5s. shares at 10s. 9d. is 2s. higher. Murex at 4f have Thomas De La Rue shares have risen to recovered the deduction of the dividend. the highest price reached for many years, the British Insulated at 5f and Mather & Platt at £1 shares advancing to 9f. This is connected 2f are both ^ up. Automatic Telephones with the drastic action of the Belgian Govern and Walsall Conduits gained 6d. Cable & ment in withdrawing all the previous notes Wireless stocks are easier. Marconi Marines in circulation, and substituting fresh notes. held to 36s. upon announcement of the usual De La Rue has interests in the plastics business interim dividend of 2{- per cent. Telephone and, after the war, this branch is expected to Properties at 21s. 3d. are quoted ex dividend. yield substantial results. But in the meantime British Vacuum Cleaner are also ex dividend the security printing is that part of the com at 29s. The year’s accounts show a slight pany’s activities which produces the major decrease in the -trading profits, but the 30 part of its profits. De La Rue shares stood at per cent, dividend on the ordinary shares is 25s. three years ago and are now, as just comfortably covered. Peto Scott Electrical mentioned, 192s. 6d. For the year ended Instruments at 4s. 9d. have fallen a trifle. March 31st, 1941, no dividend was paid. In the following year, the dividend was 25 per Callender’s Cable cent., and for the period ending last March, Callender’s Cable & Construction Co., ip 40 per cent. The yield on the shares at the declaring the usual 5 per cent, interim divi present price is about 4| per cent. dend, continues a rate which has been distri Atlas Electric buted annually for years past. The final, in each of the past two years, has been 10 per With a fall of 3d., Atlas Electric & General cent., plus a bonus of 5 per cent., making in Trust eased off to 7s. 3d. Two or three all 20 per cent, for the year, this being the thousand of the Trust’s 7 per cent, preference same rate as was declared for 1936 and 1937. shares have come on offer at 26s. 3d., showing F o r 1938 to 1941 inclusive, the annual divi (Continued on page 574) October 2 0 , 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 5 7 3 ELEI TBIt'AL INVESTMENTS Prices, Dividends and Yields D iv id en d M iddle D ividend M iddle P rice Rise Y ield P rice Rise Y ield C om pany P re- O ct. 01- p.c. Company Pre O ct. or p .c. 'io u s L a st 17 F all vious L a st 17 F all Home Electricity Companies Overseas Electricity Companies £ s. d. £ s. d. B ournem outh a n d Atlas Elec. .. Nil N il * 7/3 - 3 d . __ Poole 124 124 64/6 3 17 4 Calcutta Elec. . . 6* 6* 4 7 /- 2 11 1 British Power and C aw npore Elec. 10 7 39/3 — 9d. 3 11 4 L ight 7 7 33/6 4 3 7 East African Power 7 7 34/6 4 1 4 City of London . . 7 54 30/- 3 13 4 Jerusalem Elec... 7 5 2 9 /-x d 3 9 0 Clyde Valley 8 S~ 4 2 /- 3 16 0 Kalgoorlie (10/-) 5 5 11/6 4 7 0 County of London 8 8 44/6 3 12 1 Madras Elec. .. N il 4 29/6xd 2 14 4 Edmund sons : Montreal Power 14 n 22* - 1 __ 7% P ref. 7 7 35/6 3 19 0 PalestineElec.“A” 5* 5* 4 0 /- 2 10 0 Ord. 6 6 3 1 /- 3 17 5 Perak Hydro-elec. 6 7 13/6 __ Elec.Dis. Y orkshire 9 9 45/6 3 19 6 Shawinigan Power 83cts. 90cts. 16* * + * __ Elec. Fin. and Se ■V Tokyo Elec. 6% 6 6 26 - 1 — curities 124 134 6 0 /- 4 10 0 VictoriaFallsPower 15 15 4* 3 10 7 Elec. Supply Cor Whitehalllnv.Pref. — 6 25/6 4 14 0 poration 10 10 48/6 4 2 4 Isle of Thanet .. Nil Nil 19/6 — Equipment and Manufacturing Lancs. Light and Aron Elec. Ord. 10 15 61/- 4 18 4 Pow er 74 74 3 7 /- . 4 1 1 Assoc. Elec. : Llanelly Elec. .. 6 6 26/6 4 10 7 O rd ...... 10 JL0 51/6 +6d.3 17 4 Lond. Assoc. Electric 3 4 2 6 /- 3 1 6 Pref. .. 8 8 39/-. 4 2 0 London Electric.. 6 6 30/6 3 18 8 Automatic Tel.&El. 124 m 61/ + 6 d . 4 2 0 LondonPowerRed. Babcock & Wilcox 11 1 1 49/6 4 8 9 D eb...... 5 5 IO34 4 16 7, British Aluminium 10 10 4 7 /- 4 5 1 Metropolitan E.S. 8 8 4 4 /- 3 12 9 British Insul. Ord. 20 20 + A 3 14 6 Midland Counties 8 8 41/6 3 17 0 British Thermostat Mid. Elec. Power 9 9 44/6 4 1 0 (5/-) .. ..184 184 2 0 /- 4 12 6 Newcastle Elec... 7 7 31/6 4. 9 0 British Vac. Cleaner North Eastern Elec. (5 /-) . . ..30 30 29/-xd + 6d. 5 3 5 O rdinary 7 7 3 5 /- 4 0 0 Brush Ord. (5/-) 8 9 10/9 4 3 9 7% Pref. 7 7 35/- 4 0 0 Burco (5/-) . . 15 174 1 7 /- 5 3 0 Northampton .. 10 10 5 0 /- 4 0 0 C allender’s . . 15 20 5* 3 16 2 Notting Hill 6% C hlorideE lec.S torage 15 15 87/6 3 8 7 Pref. (£10) .. 6 N il lO f — Cole, E. K. (5/-).. 10 15 33/— + 6d. 2 5 6 Northmet Power : Consolidated Signal 24 274 Gf 4 3 6 O rdinary 7 7 43/6 3 4 4 Cossor, A. C. (5/-) 74s 10* 25/6 + 6 d . 1 19 4 6% P ref. 6 6 30/6 3 18 8 Crabtree (10/-) .. 174 174 4 1 /- 4 5 4 Richmond Elec. 6 6 2 6 /- 4 12 4 Crompton Parkinson Scottish Power .. 8 8 40/6 3 19 0 Ord. (5/-) .. 20 224 3 2 /- 3 7 3 Southern Areas 5 5 23/— 4 7 0 E.M.I. (10/-) .. 6 8 36/— 2 4 6 South London .. 7 7 29/— 4 16 7 Elec. Construction 10 124 5 7 /- 4 7 9 West Devon 5 5 23/6 4 5 1 Enfield Cable Ord. 124 124 6 1 /- 4 2 0 W est Glo£. H n 2 5 /- + 6 d . 2 16 0 English Electric 10 10 50/6 3 19 0 Yorkshire Elec... 8 8 4 3 /- 3 14 5 E nsign L am p s (5 /-) 25 15 21/3 3 10 8 Ericsson Tel. (5/-) 22* 20* 51/3 1 19 1 Public Boards Ever Ready (5/-) 40 40 4 1 /- 4 17 5 Central Electricity Falk Stadelmann 7* 74 34/6 4 7 0 1955-60 (Civil Ferranti Pref. .. 7 7 31/3 4 9 7 D efence) 3 3 100 3 0 0 G-.E.C. : 1955-75 5 5 1144 4 7 4 P re f...... 64 32/9 3 19 4 1 1951-73 H 4* 107 4 4 1 O rd ...... 174 174 93/3 3 15 1963-93 34 3* 1044 3 7 0 General Cable (5/-) 15 15 1 5 /- 5 0 0 1974^94 34 n 100 3 5 0 Greenwood&Batley 15 15 43/9 6 17 0 London Elec. Trans. HallTelephone(10/-)12* 124 31/- 4 0 8 L td ...... 24 24 984 2 10 9 H enley’s (5 /-) . . 20 20 25/6xd 318 8 London & Home 44% Pref. .. 44 44 2 4 /- 3 15 0 C ounties 1955—75 44 H 112 4 0 4 Hopkinsons .. 15 17* • 69/3 5 1 1 23/— 15 Lond.Pass.Trans.Bd. India Rubber Pref. 54 54 4 9 4 8 A 44 44 1204 3 14 8 Intl. Combustion 30 30 6 | 10 - 1 /- B 5” 5 1^14 4 2 4 Johnson & Phillips 15 15 7 4 /- 4 1 0 r. 3 H 68 4 15 7 Lancashire Dynamo224 22* 96/6 4 13 5 2 WestMidlandsJ.E.A. Laurence, Scott(5/-)12* 124 1 3 /- 4 16 (Continued on next page) 1948-68 5 5 1064 4 14 0 * Dividends are paid free of Income Tax. 574 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944 Dividend Middle D iv id en d M iddle P ric e R ise Y ield P ric e R ise Y ield Company Pre O ct. or p.c. C om pany P re O ct. or p.c. v ious L a st 17 F all vious L a s t 17 F all Equipment and Manufacturing ( Continued) £ s. d. £ s. d- Bristol Trams .. 10 10 5 7 /- 3 10 2 London Elec. Wire 74 n 37/6 4 0 0 Brazil Traction.. I f 2 2 6 Jx d - 1 7 9 7 Mather & Platt.. 10 10 52/6 + tV 3 16 2 Calcutta Trams 64 7 i 65/6 - 2 / - 2 5 9 Metal Industries (B) 8 81 50/6 3 7 6 Cape Elec. Trams 5 6 25/6 4 14 1 Met.Elec.CablePref. 54 5 J 21/3 5 3 6 Lancs. Transport 10 10 45/6 4 8 0 Murex .. .. 20 20 9 5 /-x d + -h 4 4 4 Mexican Light: Pye Deferred (5/-) 25 25 33/9 3 14 5 1 st B o n d s 5 5 1054 4 14 9 Revo (10/-) .. 17£ 171 4 0 /- 4 7 6 Rio 5% Bonds .. 5 5 1064 4 14 0 Reyrolle .. 12£ 121 70/— - i 3 11 5 Southern Rly. : Siemens Ord. .. 74 n 35/— 4 5 9 5% Prefd. .. 5 5 75 + 1 6 13 4 Strand Elec. (5/-) 10 121 10/9 + 2 / - 516 3 5% Pref. 5 5 114£ 4 7 4 Switchgear & Cow T . T illing 10 10 6 0 /- 3 6 8 ans (5/-) .. 20 20 18/6 — 6d. 5 8 1 West Riding 10 10 4 6 /- 4 7 0 T.C.C. (10/-) .. 5 71 22/6 3 6 8 T.C. & M. .. 10 10 56/— 3 11 6 Telegraph and Telephone TelephoneMfg.(5/-) 9 9 11/6 3 18 3 Anglo-Am. Tel. : Thom Elec. (5/-) 20 20 2 5 /- 4 0 0 P re f. 6 6 123 4 17 7 Tube Investments 20 20 95/6 4 3 8 D ef...... UU 30 5 0 0 Vactric (5/-) .. Nil 221 16/6 6 16 3 Anglo-Portuguese 8 8 2 8 /- — 5 14 4 Veritys (5/-) .. 7| n 81- 4 13 9 Cable & Wireless : Walsall Conduits(4/-)55 55 50/— + 6d. 4 8 0 5i% P re f. . . 54 115 - 4 4 15 10 W ard & Goldstone O rd ...... 4 4 81 - i 4 18 9 (5 /-) . . ..20 20 3 0 /- 3 6 8 CanadianMarconi£l Nil 4 cts. 9/- — WestinghouseBrake 12£ 14 . 7 5 /- 3 14 8 Globe Tel. & TeL : West, Allen (5/-) a 71 71 7/6 - 3 d . 5 0 0 O rd ...... 8 i* 5* 3 9 /-s d 2 11 4 P ref. 6 6 30/6x3 + 3d. 3 18 8 Traction and Transport Great Northern TeL Anglo-Arg. Trans. : (£10) .. Nil N il 30 _ First Pref. (£5) Nil N il 2/6 — Inter. Tel. & Tel. N il N il 211 _ 4% Inc. .. Nil N il 71 — Marconi-Marine.. 74 7i 3 6 /- 4 3 4 Brit. Elec. Traction : Oriental TeL Ord. 16 10 5 0 /- _ Def. Ord. .. 45 45 1195 3 15 4 Telephone Props. N il 6 2 1 /3 x d 5 13 0 Pref. Ord. .. 8 8 180 4 9 0 Tele. Rentals (5/-) 10 10 11/9 4 5 0 5 Dividends are paid free of Income Tax. Stocks and Shares (Continuedfrom page 572) ways undertaking, and that a portion of the system lies outside the agreement. Presum a yield at that price of £5 6s. 6d. per cent. ably the whole of the system necessary for the The margin of protection for the preference Calcutta Corporation to acquire control of dividend, as measured by last year’s profits, is somewhat thin. The annual meeting is to the tramways will be included in the transac be held on November 2nd, and a shareholder, tion. The shares have dropped back to 65s. d. at the prospect of the sale negotiations Mr. J. E. Elwyn Jones, has notified his inten 6 tion of proposing a revision of the Trust’s being delayed by possible need of legislation to confirm them. capital structure. This the same gentleman has done on two previous occasions, the pro Isle of Thanet posal being defeated each time. There would seem to be no greater necessity at the present The interesting part about the offer of time for a change to be made than there was Margate and Birchington to purchase the when the earlier proposals were put forward. undertaking of the Isle of Thanet Electric Supply Company is, in the first place, whether Calcutta Trams the Electricity Commissioners will approve The directors of the Calcutta Tramways the transfer, and, in the second, provided Company prudently hesitate to express any they give their consent, at what price the view as to the price which the company will preference shares will be paid off. The basis be paid by the Calcutta Corporation when the of purchase is known already, but whether latter takes over the tramway undertaking the preference holders will receive more than next January. The chairman said at the the par value, 20s., for the shares is a matter meeting last week that the purchase money for doubt. Curiously enough, no provision cannot be ascertained until the current year’s was made in the original articles for this results are known, because the price will be contingency, and it remains to be seen based on figures of income and working whether the preference are paid out at a expenses over a period of years. It appears higher price than 20s. if the sale goes through. that the Calcutta Corporation’s contract The question of principle involved is one of refers only to a part of the Calcutta Tram importance to many companies. October 2 0, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 5 7 5 MEW PATENTS Electrical Specifications Recently Published The numbers under which the specifications will be S. I. Hitchcock.—“ Permanent magnets.” printed and abridged are given in parentheses. 18278. December 23rd, 1942. (564508.) Copies of any specification (Is. each) may be S. R. R. Kharbanda and Pye, Ltd.—-“ Com obtained from the Patent Office, 25, Southampton bined television and sound systems.” 320. Buildings, London, W.C.2. January 7th. 1943. (564511.) UTOMATIC Telephone & Electric Co., Landis & Gyr Soc. Anon.—“ Maximum- \ Ltd., and E. E. Comfort.—“ Automatic demand measuring device.” 17742 42. Decem switches as used in telephone or like systems.” ber 15th, 1941. (564482.) 4688. March 23rd, 1943. (564431.) J. Lucas, Ltd., and H. E. Whitehouse.—“ Fly A. F. Bound and A. Rankin.— Electricity wheel magnetos.” 4601. March 22nd, 1943. generating plant, particularly adapted for use in (564428.) train control systems.” 4612. March 22nd, Marconi’s Wireless Telegraph Co., Ltd., and 1943. (564429.) E. Green.—“ Radio beacons.” 4866. March British Insulated Cables, Ltd., and W. C. 25 th, 1943. (564445.) Handley.—“ Terminal arrangement for electric Marconi’s Wireless Telegraph Co., Ltd., and condensers.” 9046. June 5th, 1943. (564455.) G. I. Hitchcox.— Automatic gain control British Insulated Cables, Ltd., London systems for radio receivers.” 4865. March Passenger Transport Board, J. Holland and 25th, 1943. (564444.) H. J. Powell.—“ Tool for straightening or bend Morris Motors, Ltd., R. J. Brown and J. H. ing metal wire, tube, bar and the like.” 7079. Bridle.—“ Electromagnetic apparatus for use in May 5th, 1943. (564401.) the examination of ferrous articles.” 8049. British Thomson-Houston Co., Ltd.—“ Dish May 20th, 1?43. (564451.) washing apparatus.” 10751/43. July 3rd, 1942. Milliard Radio Valve Co., Ltd., R. G. Clark (564470.) “ Terminal structures for electric and L. M. Myers.—“ Electron-discharge tubes.” lamps.” 5474/43. April 9th, 1942. (564493.) 11689. August 19th, 1942. (564441.) “ Gas turbine power plants.” 10672/43. July J. F. O’Brien.—“ Operating means for electric 1st, 1942. (564498.) “ Electron-discharge cir switches.” 4925/43. March 26th, 1942. cuits.” 11151/43. July 11th, 1942. (564504.) Addition to 544435. (564491.) “ Switching mechanism particularly suitable for Philco Radio & Television Corporation.— electric discharge lamps.” 11775/43. July 21st, “ Cathode-ray television tube.” 4414 43. March 1942. (564531.) 30th. 1942. (564425.) British Thomson-Houston Co., Ltd. (General Radio Corporation of America.—“ Current Electric Co.).—“ Electric valve converting control systems.” 4497 43. March 24th, 1942. apparatus.” 4773. March 24th, 1943. (564396.) (564427.)' E. G. Budd Manufacturing Co.—“ Protective A. I. Rochmann.—“ Electrically heated solder systems for electrical apparatus.” 10702/43. ing irons.” 461. January 9th. 1943. (564388.) July 4th, 1942. (564469.) Standard Telephones & Cables, Ltd.— Chamberlain & Hookham, Ltd., S. James, “ Method of reclaiming selenium elements of the E. A. Webb and W. F. Braines.— Totalising electric current rectifier type.” 10277.43. June means for use with a group of electricity meters 27th, 1942. (564464.) or other electrical instruments.” 8411. May W. E. Stilwell, jnr.—“ Overhead protective 26th, 1943. (564453.) electromagnetic switch.” 4845 43. March 12th, E. K. Cole, Ltd., and J. N. I. Evans.— 1942. (564443.) “ Fluorescent low-pressure mercury vapour W. W. Triggs (Akt.-Ges. Brown, Boveri & electric discharge lamps.” 7227. May 7th, Cie).—“ Apparatus for the transmission of 1943. (564449.) messages.” 9880 41. April 13th, 1943. Con E. S. Conradi.—“ Electric coupling devices, vention date not granted. (564475.) particularly of the plug-and-socket type, and W. W. Triggs (Philips-Lampen Akt.-Ges).— anchoring means therefor.” 621. January 13th, “ Electrical remote control.” 8059. June 12th, 1942. (564410.) 1943. (564419.) L. P. C. J. Dudley and R. L. Mansi.—- United States Rubber Co.—“ Insulated elec “ Methods of and means for making stereoscopic trical conductors and method of making the X-ray photographs.” 4908. March 26th, 1943. same.” 10762,43. August 5th, 1942. (564471.) Western Electric Co., Inc.—“ Electron-dis (564490.) J, Forman and Pye, Ltd.—” Radio range- charge devices.” 6390/43. April 21st, 1942. finders and altimeters.” 3045. March 6th, 1941. (564494.) Westinghouse Electric International Co.— (564505.) o Frigidaire, Ltd., and F. A. S. Abbott.— “ Electrical measuring systems for X-ray “ Household refrigerator.” 6480. April 22nd, apparatus.” 10903/43. July 4th, 1942. (564500.) “ Method of producing corrosion-resistant 1943. (564398.) F rigidaire, L td., W . B. Daniels and F. A. S. phosphate coatings on metal and alloy metal surfaces.” 3661/43. March 6th, 1942. (564521.) Abbott.—“ Refrigerator.” 4729. March 23rd, “ Method of producing compositions for acti 1943. (564433.) General Electric Co., Ltd., and H. C. E. vating metal and alloy surfaces to improve the Jacoby.—“ Electric suction cleaners.” 9347. process of forming corrosion-resistant phosphate coatings thereon.” 3662/43. March 6th, 1942. June 10th, 1943. (564459.) P S Harper and Harper Automatic Machine (564522.) “ Electric current conversion sys Manufacturing Co., Ltd.—“ Coin-operated elec tems.” 11620/43. August 8th, 1942. (564530.) tric switch.” 15937. November 11th, 1942. H. Ziebolz.—“ Electronic translating devices.” 16478/42. April 22nd, 1942. (564382.) (564479.) 576 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 2 0 , 1944 CONTRACT1 INFORMATION Accepted Tenders and Prospective Electrical Work Hebburn-on-Tyne.—Canteen for the Bushing Contracts Open Co., Ltd.; Alex. Anderson, Ltd., Stanmore Where “ Contracts Open ” are advertised in our Road, Newcastle. “ Official Notices ” section the date of the issue Office extensions for A. Reyrolle & Co., is given in parentheses. Ltd.; Alex. Anderson, Ltd., Stanmore Road, Australia.— New South W ales. —N ovem ber Newcastle. 2nd. Sydney County Council Electricity Jarrow-on-Tyne.—Factory, for the Jarrow Undertaking. L.v. feeder voltage regulating Boiler & Welding Co., Ltd.; G. W. Smith, transformer. Spec. 717. Wansbeck Road. Queensland.— November 15th. Motor- Manchester.—Tuberculosis sanatorium, Wy- driven and turbine-driven boiler feed pumps. thenshawe; G. Noel Hill, city architect, Town Spec. 375. City Electric Light Co. Ltd., Hall, Albert Square. Boundary Street, Brisbane. Moston.—Moulding shop and kiln bay at Lanark.—County Council. Various works, works, St. Mary’s Road; W. Thorpe & Son, including electric lighting, in eight houses; Ltd., Chester Road, Cornbrook, Manchester, 16. S. McColl, county housing architect and engineer, 29, Clydesdale Street, Hamilton. Newbiggin (Northumberland).—Houses (10) for Northumberland Aged Miners’ Homes Associa Manchester.—October 23rd. Electricity Dept. tion; W. Dixon & Son, architects, Collingwood Water cooling tower, mercury arc rectifier Street, Newcastle. equipment, and traction switchgear. (October 13th.) Newcastle-under-Lyme. — Dairy, Hempstalls Lane, for Associated Dairymen (Staffs.) Ltd.; Montgomeryshire.—October 23rd. Education Adams & Edwards, architects, 3, Brook Street, Committee. Electric lighting installation, etc., Stoke-on-Trent. Bryn Street Centre, Newtown. Director Qf New school for managers of St. Giles’ and St. Education, County Education Offices, Newtown. George’s School; Rev. C. J. Watkins, Seabridge Portsmouth.—October 23rd. Electricity R oad. Department. 33-kV underground cable. Newcastle-on-Tyne.—Reinstatement of Mus- (October 13th.) cott Grove School; city estate and property surveyor, Town Hall. Orders Placed Northumberland.—School kitchens: Bam- Blackburn.—Corporation. Accepted. Electric burgh C.E.; T. Gardner, Berwick. Beadnell motor and switchgear at Blackburn Sewage C.E.; T. B. Gregory, Seahouses. Carham Works.—C. T. Briscoe & Son. Wark; Patterson Bros., Branxton. Seghill Hull.—Electricity Committee. Accepted. Ash- Infants’ ; J. M. Reid, Seaton Delaval. Slaley handling plant (£8,225).—John Thompson Council; M. Hogarth & Son, Corbridge. New- (Wolverhampton). Water softening plant ton-on-the-Moor Council; J. G. Green & Son, (£709).—Permutit. Civil engineering works W arkw orth. at Sculcoates power station (£37,698). Quibell Oxford.—Houses (10) Quarry High Street, & Son. High-pressure water fire-extinguishing Beaumont Road and Purcell Road; J. A. Pye, equipment (£3,059).—Mather & Platt. Ltd., builders. Newcastle-on-Tyne.—City Council. Accepted. Rowley Regis.—Rebuilding ten houses; City Electrical repairs to Council houses (£160).— Road, Tividale; borough engineer, Municipal R. H. Patterson. Buildings, Old Hill, Staffs. Salford. — Electricity Committee. 125-kW Sheffield.—New church and parsonage mercury-arc rectifier (£791).—Metropolitan- (£18,000); Rev. P. Tuckwell, St. Cyprian’s, Vickers. Frecheville, Sheffield. Sunderland.—Alterations, Hendon Road, for Contracts in Prospect St. John’s Makings, Ltd.; Page, Son & Brad Particulars o f new works and building schemes for bury, architects, King Street, South Shields. the use of electrical installation contractors and Swindon.—Waterworks (£17,500); borough traders. Publication in this section is no guarantee engineer. that electrical work is definitely included. Alleged Tynemouth.—Premises, new trading estate; inaccuracies should be reported to the Editors. Flemings, cleaners, Newcastle; De La Rue Anglesey.—Intermediate school, Amlwch, for Plastics, Ltd.; Linklaters, patent ship fittings; E. C.; J. E. Rees, county education architect, North Shields Co-operative Society bakery; Glanaber, Llangefni, Anglesey. Charles Clay & Co., clothing manufacturers; Chesterfield.—Works additions, Sheffield Knitwear, woollen goods manufacturers; Welch Road; Brocklehurst Motors, Ltd. & Sons, Ltd., confectionery manufacturers. Ealing.—Additions and alterations, Uxbridge Warrington.—Additions to tannery; Union Road, for V.A.B. Products, Ltd.; W. H. Read Tanneries, Ltd., Holmefield Tannery. & Co., architects, Haven Green, W.5. Two secondary schools: J. Y. Hughes, borough Frodsham.—Extensions to homes ; superin surveyor, Municipal Buildings, Bank Park. tendent National Children’s Home and Orphan Wellington.—Ambulance station, Donnington, age, Beaconshurst, Netherton, Frodsham, via for R.D.C.; J. B. Cooper, architect, 177, Cor Warrington. poration Street,* Birmingham. October 2 0 , 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 43 A Spire assembly is a assembly — and nobody need trouble to send us any jokes about the word 'tight ’. It’s no joke fumbling and fitting washers and nuts on to invisible bolts. It’s no joke knowing that the things will probably shake loose anyway inside a few weeks. If you use a Spire fixing these worries disappear along with the nuts and washers. There are a few thousand firms making motor vehicles and radio sets and hundreds of other products who know that for light assembly Spire means strength. If you don’t know but would care to find out, send us your drawings or the parts of an assembly. W e’11 see what Spire can do and let you have the answer in a couple of weeks — more or less. A T’S Fixed THAT! Here’s a Spire Nut of the U type th2t is doing noble work for electrical manufacturers con cerned with cable assembly.! The NU 1381 replaces the nor mal nut and washer used for holding the cable clips on per forated cable trays. The U fix ing makes such blind assembly easy. The Spire Nut slips into position gripping the tray and BETTER there it is. ready — no more fumbling about with a nut that w ay of fixing you can't see. Simmonds Aerocessories Limited ■ Great West Road ■ London ■ A Company o f the Simmonds Group 44 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944 etway" Product BO W L FIRE ELEMENTS with Adjustable Centres and Multi-pin Contacts ; give a choice of 3 sizes of pins and allow for variation of space between pins. FROM PRICES 2 / 8 SUBJECT “ Metway ” supplies 58 different types of Bowl fire Elements. Send Id . stamp for LIST MYCI E.R.” ELECTRICAL M E T W A Y fINDUSTRIES LTD. (Formerif Metropolrtan Electric Erpplies) KING STREET, BRIGHTON, I Phone : Brighton 4456 P B X . Grams :" M e t * a f ," Phone, Brighton PAPER INSULATED SPRINGS^ RILEY LEAD COVERED ARMOURED Technical leaders for over 120 years. Quality Springs and Presswork for every known purpose. Contractors F O R P R E S S U R E S U P T O 11,000 V O L T S to His Majesty’s Government, the Admiralty, War Office and A ir Ministry LANCASHIRE CABLES LTD, WARRINGTON, LANCS. R O B E R T RII.E1 lt d Controlled by Sterling Cable Co. L td , Enfield, Middx., MILKSTONE SPRING WORKS, ROCHDALE specialising in all types of Rubber, Synthetic Rubber and Thermo-Plastic Insulated Cables and Flexibles ■Phone: Rochdale 2237-8. 'G ra m s: " R1LOSPRISG." T 5 g a jil° rrm October 20, 1944 F.l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 45 Uspace INCREASE PRODUCTION BY in ating'eng!nSeers 46 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944 VIBRATION PROOF FUSES To those interested in 5-100 1 MÂLL Ampere size fuse units for i AUTO PRODUCTSMETÁIS any purpose whatsoever, but particularly for positions subject to vibra tion, the SLYDLOK fuse answers all problems. Get your name on our mailing list for advance information of new developments as they are available. EDWARD WILCOX & CO. LTD. Sharston Road, Wythenshawe, Manchester H fW RAOCUFFE6 e9 m u m t cbn5895 October 20, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 4 7 O B H M r o l S W I T C H SOCKETS Sanders exclusive “ Shutterlock ” feature prevents access to the live Socket tubes by locking the Shutter while the Switch is in the “ on ” position. The plug can be withdrawn with'the Switch in either position. For the highest-class install ations these Switch Sockets represent the ultimate in safety and refinement. SANDERS WEDNESBURY WM. SANDERS & CO. (WEDNESBURY) LTD.. WEDNESBURY, STAFFS. 4 8 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944 RESISTANCE S Although present circumstances render it difficult for us to give our pre-war service to all custom ers we are still working in their interests. New materials and manufacturing processes which we are now using to increase output also contribute in large measure to improved performance and reliability of our products. Thus, when normal times return, all users of Berco Resistances will benefit by our work to-day. THE BRITISH ELECTRIC RESISTANCE CO. LTD. QUEENSWAT, PONDERS END, MIDDLESEX Telephone : HOW ARD 1492. Telegrams: “ VITROHM, ENFIELD.’* R. I. w m w m m m s m During the war, the manufacture of the Hoover, the W orld’s Best Cleaner, has _ of course ceased. Instead, the whole of our resources, very considerably extended* have been devoted to the manufacture of many types of electrical m achines, produced in very large quantities, including Rotary Transformers. For obvious reasons we are not able to give full details of the wide range of these products, but it can be said they have fulfilled a large variety of purposes. The experience thus gained during the war will be at the disposal of all dem and ing precision engineering both for post war Home and Export Trade. 'Direct-O -lite' HOOVER C.M.CHURCHOUSE LTD . Limited M anufacturers of the W orld’s Best Cleaner CiARENDON WORKS.CIARENDON CROSS.LONDON.WM. Telephone PARK 8617-8 Telegrams: ''LITEFITINS NOTARCH PERIVALE • GREENFORD ■ MIDDLESEX October 20, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 4 9 H / c c e b C c r o - \ v o £ YOU CAN T DO O U can grow a useful crop Y of £££’s if you follow these simple instructions. Plant out BETTER THAN with the finest “ bulbs ” you can get— Ekco Lamps— (as they say in the Catalogues “ No Better I N V E S T I N Quality Anywhere * * * * You’ll find that they will be well “ fertilised” with forceful pub licity. The results will surprise and delight you ! But you must start now with a little spade EKCO work— write at once for details of the Ekco Lamp proposition. A new simplified discount system is now operating. Saves time, prevents headaches ! LAMPS E K Cole, Ltd.. Lighting Division, Ekco W orks, Southend-on-Sea 5 0 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944 It’s EASY to telephone in this AC0USTI-B00TH Put your shop phones- in Burgess Acousti- booths and you’ll be able to hear clearly In spite of nearby noise. ELMET There are no doors because no doors are needed. Patented sound-absorbing walls ARCING soak up factory noise and provide a “ zone CONTACTS of silence ” for easy telephoning. Open construction makes these booths easy to keep clean and obviates any ventilation problem. Hundreds of these doorless booths are in constant use in all types of factories. Write for Bulletin BP.131/E.R. BURGESS COPELMET (Copper-tungsten) AC0 USTI-B0 0 TH AND BURGESS PRODUCTS CO. LTD. SILVELMET (Silver-tungsten) Acoustical Division, HINCKLEY, LEICS. Phone : Hinckley 700 (3 lines) For Switchgear and Circuit-breakers operating London Office : 72 Horseferry Road, S.W .I in air or under oil. Phone : ABBey 1868 W rite : Scottish Representatives: COM POUND ELECTRO METALS LTD. R . MoCartney & Co., 142 Queen Street, Glasgow, C .i or ring: ABBEY 193» 42 PALL MALL, S.W.I October 2 0, 1944 E lectrical Review 51 MANUFACTURED BY TRANSFORMER CO. LTD. 1,000-kVA Power Transformer for a Dominion Government PLEASE ADDRESS ENQUIRIES TO : G ram s ; Vitrohm, Enfield” Phone : H o w a rd 1492 I QUEENSWAY, PONDERS END, MIDDX, m m (T .3 ) 5 2 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944 ELECTRICA j PRODUCTS I M T O R S SIG N A L SMO Fractional H P. and Geared Motor Motors PERFORATED META1S FOR ALL ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS Perforated Lead for Batteries CABLE-TRAYS a n d BENDS FOR ELECTRICAL WIRING INSULATED WIRES AND STRIP COVERED WITH ENAMEL COTTON TRAY SILK VARNISH GLASS ENAMEL AND PAPER Samples and Prices on Application MADE BY W. BARNS I SON (Established I860) F. D. SIMS LTD. GLOBE WORKS, QUEENSLAND ROAD HAZELHURST WORKS, RAMSBOTTOM, LANCS HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N .7 Telegrams 1 Telephone Telephone : NORTH 3347/8 "SIMS, RAMSBOTTOM” RAMSBOTTOM 2213/4 Telegrams: "PERFORATION, HOLWAY, LONDON ” October 20, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 53 Unusual Undertakings T H E illustration shews pontoons built of standard Braithwaite Pressed Steel Tank Plates being used to float into position the main spans of a bridge in India. This is yet another example of the unusual purposes to which the Braithwaite method of sectional construction has been applied. Tanks for special uses and all normal liquid storage needs are fully described in the latest Braithwaite brochure. You are invited to apply for a copy. BRAITHWAITE PRESSED STEEL TANKS BRAITHWAITE & CO. E N G IN E E R S LTD., 45 K I N G S H O U S E , HAYMARKET, LONDON, S . W . l . TEL.i WHItehaJl 3993 5 4 E l e c t r ic a l R e m e w October 20. 1944 B.V.C fSSEEEEQcf DUST CONTROL SYSTEMS IMPROVE HEALTH AND EFFICIENCY... AND SHEET METAL CO. LTD. GATESHEAD - ON- TYNE THE METALLISING OF CERAM IC AND F OR nearly half a century we have been SYNTHETIC RESIN making apparatus for the removal of dust and grit from every kind of ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS building, by large or small fixed plants or UNDERTAKEN portable cleaners. B.V.C. installations have E. & M. DEVELOPMENTS LTD. solved the dust problem in factories, work shops, warehouses, public buildings, and 492 IPSWICH ROAD, SLOUGH, BUCKS. have helped to produce greater efficiency and T E L . : S L O U G H 21435 more healthful working conditions. If dust is your problem, the solution is its removal by B.V.C. plant. We welcome enquiries from responsible executives. AUTOMATIC We specialise in Dust Control Systems for the Electrical Industries VOLTAGE, CURRENT AND the British Va c u u m C l e a n e r & SPEED ENGINEERING CO. LTD. vDept. 4B). GOBLIN W ORKS • LEATHERHEAD REGULATORS ! S U R R E Y Telephone: Ash teed 844 M aker* of Ihe famous COX-WALKERS LTD. G C BUN ELECTRIC CLEANERS - C O X P A i DARLINGTON October 20, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 55 CC' »A informs Conf fUSe fn_to its ß " c°mpartrłlent DEL-iVERy and 2 '4- — st°ck DORMAN PRODUCTS DORMAN &SMITH LTD.- MANCHESTER • LONDON ■ GLASGOW A robust switch built to endure. Mica insulation and rein forced dolly. 5 and 15 amps. Single or Double pole. Pages M.K. ELEC T R IC LTD. 86 & 88 of 1939/40 catalogue. E D H 0 N TON N.I8 5 6 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 2 0, 1944 HEATING „ ELEMENTS GEO. BRA Y & CO. LTD. LEEDS 2 LONDON OFFICE:-GRAND BUILDINGS,TRAFALGAR SQ. T el. 2 4 2 0 9 1 8 6 3 G r o m i: G.ARIX RIX, KEIGHLEY VICTORY WORKS, KEIGHLEY MOTORS 1 /1 0 t o 5 ,0 0 0 H.P. a n d TRANS REWINDING FORMERS SPECIALISTS PRICE LIST ON APPLICATION s t a y - young — Send for Particulars of Young balleries for Electric and Motor Vehicles to BALSALL HEATH WIREWORKS THE YOUNG ACCUMULATOR COMPANY LIMITED Sales Office: Electra House, Victoria Embankment. W.C.2 'W irin g , B ’htm ’ BIRMINGHAM 12 Calthorpe 1733 I In Association with Crompton Parkinson Limited October 2 0 , 1 9 4 4 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w TIME LAGS U P tr s tW » / The important part in so many " r e q u i r e * ® ^ processes played by delayed action timing mechanisms, has led to a demand for much greater accuracy than is afforded by the O il Dash Pot Method. Many engineers have found such problems completely answered < p £ 0 N O by Rotherham Tim e Lags. For accu racy and reliability these ingenious instruments are worthy products of the famous House of Rotherham & Sons of C oventry. fc n su lt its cn - Details of the various types available, and also of Instruments, Recording Clocks, etc., will gladly be supplied on request. We also welcome enquiries or W heels and Pinions, but these can FRlimSia only be supplied in quantity to customers’ own designs as no stock ^ c e s s i n q , lines are held. M e c h a n i c a l H a n d / i c q a n d I n f r a - R e d S to t/in q -d c.... Fine Finishes DONALD MACPHERSON & CO LTD “ *»0N STREET, MANCHESTER 1 and Mitcham, London 58 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 2 0, 1944 The post-war SADIA In the near future, the housewife will demand hot water in any part of the house. The new SADIA Type UDB (Under Draining Board) is the reply to that demand. It combines two heaters into one. (1) It provides hot water ready for use as required, whether it be a few gallons at the sink or a full bath. (2) Simple to install': it can work with an existing hot water system. (3) It can be placed “ Under the Draining Board” or in a cupboard out of sight, saving space where space is valuable. (4) It needs the minimum of maintenance: the SAD1.4 once fitted can be forgotten. (5) It is economical of current and therefore cheap to run. It has the highest efficiency yet attained in electric water heaters. The SADIA Type UDB will be available in two sizes, 15 gallons and 20 gallons capacity, for installation in post-war homes. Write for further particulars. At id. per unit it compares favourably with any other type of water heating. Aidas Electric Limited, Sadia Works, Rowdell Rd., SADIA Northolt, Middx. Phone: WAXlow 1607. AUTOMATIC ELECTRIC WATER HEATER Scottish Agents : W . Brown &. Co. (Engineers) Ltd., 89 Douglas Street, Glasgow, C.2. HAND-TRUCKS of Every Description. “ WEASEL ” = Lifting-Trucks with Platforms. Tyne Truck & Trolley Co. Ltd. 66/68 N orthum berland Stree t Newcastle-on-Tyne I Telephone 24196 'Phone: Molesey 556.' in precious and sem i-precions m etals to specification SHEFFIELD SMELTING MILD STEEL CABLE HANGERS AND RACKS. ROBERT McGREGOR & Co., ALPINE STEEL WORKS, EAST MOLESEY, SURREY. October 2 0 , 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R r v i r w 59 MICRO-LATHES MODERN SMALL PRECISION BENCH LATHES for WATCH.CLOCK AND I NSTRUMENT WORK METER TEST ROOM AND REPAIR WORK ETC. We are always ready to advise upon the adaptation of Pultra Lathes to meet special requirements. Write for Catalogue CA4. Micro-Capstan Lathe Model HU 42 PULTRA LTD. Centre Height: 50 mm. Spindle Bore: 10 mm. 24 GRAVEL LANE Speed Range: 400 r.p.m, to 5.000 r.p.m. for motorised model. S A L F O R D 3 British Made to highest International Standards MANCH ESTER MANY ACCESSORIES AVAILABLE Phone BLA 9t8J IN! OUT! IN! OUT!— thousands of times. This machine, designed and made in the W ylex works, simulates the action of actual usage of a W yle x plug in its socket, and does it thousands of times more than in a normal life-time. These tests are one reason why K j y / e * M ust be yccef GEORGE H. SCHOLES & CO. LTD. WYLEX WORKS, WYTHENSHAWE, sti. MANCHESTER 60 E l e c t r ic a l R e l i e f O c re -V • 2\>. 1^44 EVANS LIFTS FOR ALL DUTIES S sappKen ar Waxes arc Dt- A eteccrtcCom pQuaes to Gow aaecc spec nations ca the leaders t« the E’ectncxi Indusur*. we Fiaxie esxab&sbed » rspuancR second co none Sor oar I N MANUFACTURING WAXES ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS As soeaalists :rt the irx* ufaeture LESS la á a s tñ t s ) LTOl, W tU A M SD II IT . W u n i W f T » of W iks. oar Resexrcr faafiaes are at the c socsai of chose who require a Wax for aa» ledwiol porpose. Our Waxes are used for S u i k t components. A.LD. AND CLE.M.E. TYPE C e n S u ć t U S --- A=PRC'*ED FOR ARCTIC AND Terrpie &sr 5927 TROPICAL CONDITIONS. ASTOR BOISSELIER & LAWRENCE LTD S A LES DEPT. e n ,i Li'csstj E ä jg s » fbt*< Q < rso t NORFOLK HOUSE. NORFOLK STREET RATCHETS. PAWLS. SPRINGS STRAND LONDON. W CL OR GEAR WHEELS ACCURACY IN LEAD SHEATHING. The :ead sheathing of Crompton Paper Cable is extruded by presses such as this—one of the largest of its kind in the country. A high standard of accuracy in the radial thickness and concentricity of the lead sheath is maintained by this press and its associated equipment. Crompton Cables comply with the specif cations of the British Standards Institution, Government Departments, and of the Cable Makers Association—of which we are Members. ERomPTon PDRKinson LIMITED it,,'! o i ! ! - L o a d o i . W C 3 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944 — - SOLUTION OF THE CYCLE STORAGE PROBLEM WRITE to r CATALOGUE ER. 2 0 1 Faced with the problems of wood refuse removal, and the need for fuel economy, a large factory Installed a special Airscrew System. Refuse is collected from various workshops, including an adjacent factory, in YOUR ELECTRICAL WORK volving long runs of ducting and AND BE SURE the spanning of a roadway. No mechanical conveyors are used ; the refuse Is airborne throughout the system. Cyclones separate the refuse SAVE MORE RUBBER which Is fed to two watertube boilers through specially designed hoppers FOR THE TYRES and damper controls. USE DURACABLES Approximately 10 tons of refuse are conveyed dally, saving about £10,000 AND DURAWIRES In fuel per year. On a peak load this is considerably Increased. DURATUBE & WIRE. LTD. Fclneai This Is one of many A irscrew Fan FACCS ROAO. FEITHAM. MIDDLESEX. 3352 Systems designed for the economical removal and collection of valuable salvage. G r e lc o MULTI-PLUG AIRSCREW ADAPTORS FAN SYSTEMS ELEVEN TYPES M e g . The AIRSCREW COMPANY,Ltd. Design Fully illustrated descrip GROSVENOR GARDENS HOUSE • LONDON • S.W.I tive folder on application Telephone: Victoria 4527-8 Telegrams: Airscrew Sowest London GRELCO Ltd., Grelco W orks, Hopcott, Minehead, Somerset AFI98 October 20, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 63 ELECTRICAL PRECISION INSTRUMENTS FOR AIRCRAFT THE RECORD ELECTRICAL CO LTD• BROADHEATH'ALTMHCHAM-CHESHIRE Telegrams : " Patella, Sedlst, London.” Telephone : Hop 0594 (3 lines) CABLE V.I.R. & THERMOPLASTIC BRAIDED. LEAD COVERED & SHEATHED uiil I (All fiFIPFI I TD Head Office: 156-170 Bermondiey Street, LONDON, S.E.1 n l L L I A f O LirtU LI V. Cable Works : WEMBLEY, MIDDLESEX 64 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w October 2 0 , 1 9 4 4 CREOSOTED POLE! fo r POWER LINES Telegraph Poles, Engineering and Constructional Timbers of Every Description. BURT. BOULTON & HAYW OOD L td BRETTENHAM HOUSE WELLINGTON STREET, W.C.2 D e p o ts: London Telephone. Temple Bor 580!(Stines) Telegrams. Burboul, Rand. London Newport.Southampton Etc PORTABLE LOAD TELLS THE LOAD INDICATOR PAST & PRESENT FOR AN Y AC LOAD OVER 20 AMPERES The/ S ) & ENGINEERING.Co. L td . TIM E LAG 10 TO 30 MINUTES MAKERS OF MAXIMUM DEMAND INDICATORS TAMWOKTH LANE WORKS. MITCHAM. SURREY ALUMINIUM-BRONZE “DECO” MIDGET A L U M IN IU M - S IL IC O N FABRICATED SPRING CONTROLLED ALUMINIUM, BRASS RADIAL DRUM AND WHITEMETAL to reel in 50 feet diameter 4-core flexible T.R.S. cable. Manufacturers of Cable Reel DIE CASTINGS ing Drums, spring, power driven, counterweighted, LET US SEND YOU SAMPLES OF OUR direct coupled and hand WORK FOR YOUR INSPECTION operated, to suit all applica tions where loose trailing cables are employed. NON-FERROUS DIE CASTING CO. LTD. DALYTE ELECTRICAL CO. LTD. North Circular Road, London, N.W.2 Wut Sow, lertt Km i Ii h h , W.ll Telephono: GLAdstone 6377 _ Telephone : LADbroke 3066 October 20. 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 65 ■ St ¡Paul to S t andazdiie DRILL BUSUÍS I M o d r to 8 .S .1098 > DIE S E T B U S H E S DIE SET PILLARS DOWEL PINS . British A ero Components Ltd 7c/. H in c k le y 6 9 5 - 6 Grams: A tropa rt s. Hinckley. 6 6 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w October 2 0, 1944 The simplest form of flexible coupling for transmitting rotary movement is shown above. The Metalastik ru bber-to-metal weld permits the transmission of heavy loads, with a torsional cushioning effect which extends over an appreciable angle. Note the 'V' section which gives uniform stress. These couplings are used for many purposes and can be supplied with natural or synthetic rubber of various degrees of flexibility; and in any ordinary metals, including light alloys. Other Metalastik couplings shown are — on the left, the 'ZPU' type: on the right, the 'ZVS', both have vanes which give a positive drive beyond a certain deflection and are capable of accommodating angular and parallel mis-alignment. All these patent couplings are of great value in damping out torsional vibrations, in fact many of them are used expressly for this purpose where all other expedients have failed. METALASTIK METALASTIK LTD. LEICESTER October 2 0 , 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 67 This illustration shows W . & G. Switch Lampholders, some of many types of insulated Switch Lampholders supplied with and without porcelain interio r. A wide and compre hensive r a n g e o f electrical accessories is available to cus tomers for National Service. Dependability is the keynote of the design and construction of Scott motors. Under present-day conditions of continuous performance and con stant effort, every model can amply justify its title of one of “ Britain’s best m otors.” Every size from £ H .P.—250 B.H.P. conforms to the same standard of quality. We are now in a position to despatch ex-stock 3-phase squirrel cage motors up to 2S b.h.p. Scott motors H UG H J. SCO TT & CO . (BELFAST) LTD., Volt Works, Ravenhill Rd., Belfast, N. Ireland I 68 E l e c t r i c m . R e v ie w October 2 0 , 1944 A h M SI TE PUMPLESS AIR-COOLED an RECTIFIER EQUIPMENTS nroü 4 ahn i'üiit ćaKłić ssüe sak J SJŁ Ej ipm •raas : complete S2drZ rectifier ZdiZi: sub-station itEcsi o f unit idiii (WITY construction -—comprising a lauem rectifier, transformer j 13®' and switchgear on one base to provide a D.C. supply wherever it is ®ât3h wanted. The unit can be put down in a corner of a yard, works or other convenient place and JaScœ connected directly to an A.C. supply. ^ to 1 PLEASE GIVE SIMPLE, QUICK AND INEXPENSIVE ERECTION AND INSTALLATION - '-aurai itiübea GENEROUSLY The Rectifier is completely screened. T-Hall. ^iersB WRITE for illustrated Technical Description No. 353 ' ?ood Advt. of The General Electric Co., Ltd. Head Office: Magnet House, Kingsway, London, W.C.2 Siical Sas ot October 20, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w {Supplement) 69 c l a s s i f i e d ADVERTISEMENTS ! Fr?dav?^'IS^ M i'ISiT® *or insertion in the following REPLIES TO advertisements published under a Mondav S n are* ?ScePted UP to First post on Box Number if not to be delivered to any particular S.E.l Dorset House, Stamford Street, London, firm or individual should be accompanied by instruc tions to this effect, addressed to the Manager of the 2“ /or advertisements in this section ELECTRICAL REVIEW. Letters of applicants in m inim nm 9 !?G (! ? p r o x . 8 w ords) Per insertion, such cases cannot be returned to them. The name 30/ ner inch • d*sPlay advertisements of an advertiser using a Box Number will not be the idvPrH?p } -a ? 1°unum of one inch. Where disclosed. All replies to Box Numbers should be the advertisement includes a Box Number there is addressed to the Box Number in the advertisement, c/o ELECTRICAL REVIEW, Dorset House, Stam ford Street, London, S.E.l. Cheques and Postal under this heading can be obtained for the price of Orders should be made payable to ELECTRICAL two if ordered and prepaid with the first insertion. REVIEW LTD. and crossed. Original testimonials should not be sent with applications for employment. SITUATIONS VACANT THE ASSOCIATION OF SUPERVISING ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS ASHFORD (KENT) URBAN DISTRICT COUNCIL PPLICATIONS are invited for the post of ORGAN Appointment of Chief Electrical Engineer A ISING SECRETARY at, a commencing salary of £500 per annum. and Manager Applicants should possess organising ability, works and contracting experience, good knowledge of the electrical A PPLICATIONS are invited for the above appointment industry and of trade union work, ability to speak in from engineers not exceeding 45 years of age. who public, and have received an electrical engineering educa are experienced in the management and administration of tion. Successful candidate may be stationed in the an Electricity Undertaking. Manchester district. The salary will be in accordance with the agreement Applications, giving details of age, education, quali made by the National Joint Committee of Local Authori fications and experience, should be sent to the General ties and Chief Electrical Engineers, dated 9th July. 1941. Secretary, A.S.E.E., Aldwych House. London. W.C.2. not The present salary according to the scale is £995 per later than October 31st, 1944. 783 annum, subject to the provisions of Clause 10 of the agree ment. under which 85% of the salary will be paid for the first year, 92$% for the second year, and full salary from A N old-established engineering firm. Midlands, requires the commencement of the third year. the services of a Trained Technical Assistant to be The appointment is subject to the provisions of the Local responsible for tenders and contracts for steam turbines Government Superannuation Act, 1937. and the person and condensing plants. Permanent position with post-war appointed will be required to pass a medical examination. prospects. Pension scheme. Salary from £500 according Applications, with copies of two recent testimonials and to qualifications and experience. Applicants should write, particulars of age. education and experience, to be returned quoting C.2188XA, to the Ministry of Labour and National to the undersigned not later than Monday, 30th October. Service, Room 432, Alexandra House. Kingsway, London. 1944. W.C.2, for the necessary forms, which should be returned Canvassing, either directly or indirectly, will disqualify. completed on or before 31st October, 1944. 789 J . SU D LO W . T^EVELOPMENT Engineer for investigation of new The Cedars. Clerk to the Council. applications of electric heat and power. Must have Church Road. first-class technical education, initiative and ability to , Ashford. Kent. 778 solve a wide variety of problems from first principles, also practical knowledge of equipment design. Experience with power co. or similar organisation desirable. State present COUNTY BOROUGH OF HUDDERSFIELD salary and age, under 35 preferred. Our own staff have been advised. Location London.—Box 785. c/o The Elec trical Review. Electricity Department LECTRICAL factors, old-established, require General E and Sales Manager to take complete control. Must Appointment of Deputy Borough Electrical Engineer have had previous managerial experience in established wholesale electrical concern. — Box No. 746. Dorlands. 18/20, Regent Street. S.W.l. 792 A PPLICATIONS are invited for the position of Deputy LECTRICAL Plant Engineer. Important Lancashire Borough Electrical Engineer at a salary of £750 per E chemical engineering textile firm, scheduled under annum, plus war bonus, at present £33 16s. per annum,. Essential Work Orders, making extensions of plant, re The appointment will be subject to the Local Govern quire thoroughly capable Electrical Engineer with first-class ment Superannuation Act. 1937. and the successful appli experience of both L.T. and H.T. equipment. Good general cant will be required to pass a medical examination. and technical education equivalent to A.M.I.E.E. Age Knowledge of the operation of a large p£wer Starion. 30-45 preferred. Position permanent and progressive. together with experience-of D .C . Traction Supplies' wffh Commencing salary £450 approx, plus war-time allowance, Rectifier Substations and M a in s Distribution Systems, w l at present £39 p.a. Applicants should write, quoting be required. The successful candidate will also be ex;i?ected D.932XA. to the Ministry of Labour and National Service. to generally assist the Borough Electrical Engineer Room 432, Alexandra House. Kingsway, London. W.C.2. administrative work. Flprtrical for the necessary forms, which should be returned com Applications, endorsed Deputy Qf tech- pleted on or before 2nd November. 1944. 809 Engineer.” stating age and giving fiffl P ^ ^ a r s of nical and practical training and experience, together with T^XPERIENCED Works Manager for elec. mfg. and copies of not more than three recent testimonials. m u» De repair business in Midlands, conversant with srqall quantity manufacturing methods and machining speeds, motors and transformers up to 500h.p., lifting magnets and magnetic clutches. Staff 50-60. Salary £700 to £1.000. and will be a disauabflcat.cn. pE0CTERi according to qualifications, continuing post-war with good _ „ Town Clerk. prospects. Replies treated confidentially and Elec. Review Town Hall, 761 advised if post filled within four weeks.—Box 794, c/o The Huddersfie ld . ______Electrical Review. GALES Engineer Assistant, able to take charge of office rTT f t ?Tv recuired. male, as assistant to general manager. L-7 staff, correspondence, contracts, etc.. required by (TLIkKK tea ondence and flgureSi knowledge of West London firm manufacturing electrical measuring in V . ? 00. tr*Ae and eiport desirable but not essential, struments. Write, stating age. experience and salary electrical ftade Kjn street> Brighton, 796 required—Box 811, c/o The Electrical Review. Letters only- " 70 (Supplement) E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944* T ARGE concern in the light engineering industry has NGINEER (35) desires appointment to permanent pro -U post-war vacancies for Mechanical and Electrical E gressive position, post-war or immediate. Electrical, Engineers, preferably with engineering degrees. Appli mechanical and administrative training, good general educa cants, aged about 30, should have experience in quantity tion. fluent French, A.M.I.E.E. examination. Experienced production and sound general engineering and administra in supply distribution, plant manufacture and technical tive knowledge, for supervisory positions in manufacturing representation. Minimum salary £500 p.a. Would consider departments. Applications will be considered from persons investment.— Box 6343. c/o The Electrical Review. available at the cessation of hostilities. Write, stating RAD. I.E.E., public school. 29 years, requires progres age. full details of previous experience and salary required, G sive post, preferably on sales side, 6 years’ experience to—Box 782. c/o The Electrical Review. of aircraft instruments and light engineering.—Box 6350, O ALES Engineer Assistant required for Glasgow branch c/o The Electrical Review. RODUCTION Control Manager desires change, experi ^ of large manufacturing Arm making heavy electrical equipment. State age. salary, experience.—Box 719, c/o P enced all branches (progress, production planning, stock and material control, purchase, plant balancing. The Electrical Review. London /Essex districts preferred.—Box 6395, c/o The ALES Engineer for post-war development, manufacturers Electrical Review. S of lighting equipment. South England. State age. ROGRESSIVE Elec. Engineer and Designing Draughts experience and salary expected.—Box 6380, c/o The Elec P man are interested in Domestic Appliances, etc. Free trical Review. to accept outside development work. Any other sugges ALES Representatives required for Atlas Electric Lamps. tions welcomed.—Box 6311. c/o The Electrical Review. S Remunerative position with excellent post-war pros ROGRESSIVE young man desjres Foreman’s or Mana pects for keen, energetic men experienced in selling to P ger’s position in fluorescent lamp or neon sign factory, large users, trade, municipalities, etc. Salary, commission only position with large firm considered. Many new ideas and expenses. Write in confidence, with details of past for production: 13 years’ experience in vacuum industry. experience, to—Box D.H.7, Thorn Electrical Industries. —Box 6383. c/o The Electrical Review. 105, Juda Street, London, W.C.l. 711 ADIO Technician. 20 years’ experience. 15 yrs. execu SWITCHBOARD Attendant required for steel works R tive posts, conversant varied types, including radio power station in North-East area. Must be experienced location. etc., desires change. Write—Box 6396. c/o The in operation of E.H.T. switchgear, synchronising and con Electrical Review. trol of turbo-alternators. Salary £314 12s. per annum. ECHNICAL Engineer, age 25. desires change. 3 years' Apply—Manager. Employment Exchange, South Bank. T experience in design, manufacture and testing of auto Y orks. 779 matic control gear, good organiser and accustomed to WITCHGEAR Engineer for Consultants. Applicants responsibility. Release obtainable.—Box 6384. c/o The S should preferably hold H.N.C. or better qualifications, Electrical Review. have served apprenticeship, including D.O.. with manu OUNG Engineer (25). discharged soldier, requires facturer of H.V. switchgear, transformers, etc., and have Y responsible position with a London firm. Technical a knowledge of transmission systems, power station lay qualifications, national diploma.—Box 6377, c/o The Elec outs and short-circuit calculations. Location. Surrey. trical Review. . Salary £400 to £500, according to qualifications. Appli OUNG man (23). exempt, seeks a progressive electrical cants should write quoting D.952XA, to the Ministry of Y Technical Assistant's position. Secondary education, Labour and National Service. Room 432, Alexandra House. excellent testimonials, intelligent and reliable. North Kingsway, London. W.C.2. for the necessary forms, which London area preferred but others considered. Replies to should be returned completed on or before 2nd November. —Box 6381, c/o The Electrical Review. 1944. ' 810 ECHNICAL Manager (Electrical) required, to take FO R S A LE T charge of all electrical equipment and also design work in firm nianufacturing F.H.P. and H.F. motors and appli Traders buying and selling hereunder must observe the ances. The post requires a young electrical engineer not Restriction of Resale Order, S. R. & O. 1942 N o. 958. afraid of responsibility and prepared to keep abreast of the times. Firm employs 400 and post-war prospects are excellent. Write in first instance, stating experience, GEORGE COHEN. SONS & CO. LTD. salary, etc.—Box 805, c/o The Electrical Review. for APPOINTMENTS FILLED GUARANTEED ELECTRICAL Dissatisfaction having been so often expressed that un successful applicants are left in ignorance of the fact that the position applied for has been filled, may we suggest PLANT. that Advertisers notify us to that effect when they have arrived at a decision? We will then insert a notice free MOTORS. GENERATORS. of charge under this heading. SWITCHGEAR. SITUATIONS WANTED DVERTISER, energetic, 23 years’ experience contract etc. A ing, seeks position as Sales Representative, prefer London and South Coast.—Box 6376, c/o The Electrical WOOD LANE. LONDON. W.12. R eview . Telephone: Shepherds Bush 2070 HARTERED Electrical Engineer. A.M.I.E.E.. C A.I.Mech.E.. versatile technician with 15 years’ in and dustrial experience, design, administration, planning, lec STANNINGLEY. NEAR LEEDS. turing, technical journalism, etc., seeks responsible and Telephone: Pudsey 2241. progressive position, immediate or post-war.—Box 6378. c/o The Electrical Review. Established 1834. LERK, age 38. ex-service, knowledge of showroom, * 27 C office, present-day restrictions of supplies, seeks change. Full parts, to—H. H. P., 1. Amberley Grove, S.E.26. 6364 WATER TUBE BOILERS IN STOCK UBLIN Electrical Engineering Contractor open to act D as Representative. Distributor, Assembler, or in maintenance capacity for electrical or mechanical manufac turing engineers.— Box 6371, c/o The Electrical Review. Two 12,000 lbs. evaporation. 200 lbs. W.P. LECTL.. Mechl. Engineer-Foreman, 28 yrs.’ exp. con One 12.000 .. .. 160 .. .. E struction. maintenance installations, steam and diesel plants, factory, ships, hospitals, home and abroad.—Box We install complete, including brickwork. Economisers. 6334, c/o The Electrical Review. Pumps, Piping Valves. Generating Sets and Motors in LECTRICAL Engineer (45) seeks responsible post, 30 stock. Please send us your enquiries: we can give E years' experience installation and maintenance, used immediate delivery. to organising, planning, supervision, Government specs. Manchester area preferred.—Box 6345, c/o The Electrical R eview . BURFORD, TAYLOR & CO. LTD., LECTRICIAN desires position as Maintenance Engi Boiler Specialists, Middlesbrough. E neer. age 46. disengaged, all round elec. experience, also commercial, refrigeration and air conditioning.—5. Telephone, Middlesbrough 2622. Lady Margaret Road, N.W.5. 6379 32 October 20, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w (Supplement) 71 REBUILT MOTORS AND GENERATORS A.C. MOTORS, 400/440/3/50 T ONG deliveries can often be avoided by purchasing All Complete with Starting Gear rebuilt secondhand plant. We can redesign or replace surplus plant of any size. H.P. M ake. Speed. T ype. Brgs. Price. 75 M ather & P la tt 720 Slipring R.O. £170 SEND US YOUR ENQUIRIES. 40 M et.-V ick. 580 Sq. Cage R.O. £95 40 B-. Peebles 720 R.O. £80 OVER 1.000 RATINGS ACTUALLY IN STOCK HERE. 30 Mather & Platt 720 Slipring R.O. £100 30 M et.-V ick. 720 Sq. Cage R.O. £60 20 M ather & P la tt 1.500 R.O. £30 DYNAMO & MOTOR REPAIRS LTD.. 20 B. Peebles 750 Slipring R.O. £80 18 M ather & P la tt Wembley Park. Middlesex. 1.450 R.O. £65 15 M ather & P la tt 750 R.O. £60 Telephone: Wembley 3121 (4 lines). 10 M ather & P la tt 750 R.O. £50 10 H arland 720 Sq. Cage R.O. £18 Also at Phoenix Works. Belgrave Terrace. Soho Road. NO LICENCE REQUIRED. Handsworth, Birmingham. ELECTRIC MACHINERY CO. (M/CRj LTD., Telephone: Northern 0898. 26 New Union Works. New Islington. Ancoats, Manchester. 801 “ CANNING” PLATING MOTOR GENERATOR FOR SALE SETS FOR DISPOSAL 1 150-kVA Transformer. 10.750/400 volts, 3-phase. 50 cycles. D.C. Motors Three — 1.000 amp.. 7 volts 1 400 volts. 3 h.p.. 450 r.p.m. Two — 500 amp.. 6 volts 1 400 volts. 5 h.p., 1.270 r.p.m., with reduction gear to Two — 250 amp.. 6/8 volts 127 r.p.m . 1 220 volts. 3 h.p.. 1.100 r.p.m. All with 400-volt, 3-phase. 50-cycles, ball bearing, squirrel-cage driving motors and switchgear. All complete with starting gear and slide rails. Box. 775. c/o The Electrical Review. JOHNSON. MATTHEY & CO.. LIMITED. 71/3, Vittoria Street. Birmingham. 1 ELECTRIC MOTORS AND DYNAMOS B R A S S N U TS 0. 2, 4. 6. 8 and 10 BA. Full and Lock, 1" and 5/16" Whit. hold one of the largest stocks of New and Second- * * hand Motors. Secondhand machines are thoroughly S T E E L N U TS overhauled. Inspection and tests can be made at our 0, 2, 4 and 6. BA, Full and Lock: 10 BA. Full, W orks. i" and 5/16" Whit, and B.S.F. STEEL AND BRASS STUDDING AND SCREWS. For Sale or Hire. Send your enquiries to :— APEX SALES, BRITANNIA MANUFACTURING CO. LTD.. 6. Leaside Road. London. E.5. 22-23. BRITANNIA STREET. STA. 7131. 6336 CITY ROAD. LONDON. N.I. Telephone : 5512-3 Clerkenwell. 13 BURDETTE & CO. LTD. Stock ARC WELDING MACHINES FROM STOCK Reconditioned A.C. and D.C. Motors and Starters Equal to New. offer our latest type No. 2 Max-Arc Welder for immediate delivery. 15/250 amperes. Operates off any A.C. supply voltage. Send for details. STONHOUSE STREET. CLAPHAM. S.W.4. MAX-ARC WELDERS LTD., Day and night service. MACaulay 4555. 190. THORNTON ROAD. CROYDON. THOmton Heath 4276-8. large stock of surplus Carbon Rods. Ebonite. Fibre. ______35 A A.I.D. Turnbuckles. etc.. also Searchlights (sale or hire). Mirrors. Lenses, also Winches of our well-known self- sustaining types. Hundreds of thousands supplied during ECONOMISERS IN STOCK the last 40 years to Govt, depts.. corporations and in numerable traders.—London Electric Firm, Croydon. 55 TWO Green’s Economisers. 208 tubes. 250 lbs. W.P. quantity of Eng. Materials to clear, such as Packing, A Tape. Bolts. Nuts. Piping. Tubing, Conduit. Wire. Guaranteed re-insurable and first-class condition only, Leatheroid. Fittings, and many other items.—J. Gerber & low prices. Quotations per return. Installations delivered Co. Ltd.. Wembley. 802 and erected complete. .C. and D.C. House Service Meters, all sizes, quarterly A and prepayment, reconditioned, guaranteed one year. BURF0RD, TAYLOR & CO. LTD.. Repairs and recalibrations.—The Victa Electrical Co.. 47. 7. Commercial Street, Middlesbrough. Telephone 2622. Battersea High Street. S.W .ll. Tel. Battersea 0780. 19 .C. and D.C. Motors, all sizes, large stocks, fully A guaranteed.—Milo Engineering Works. Milo Road. MODI NSTAL ELECTRIC COMPANY LIMITED East Dulwich. S.E.22 (Forest Hill 4422). 6115 INDUSTRIAL INFRA-RED APPARATUS FOR .C. Motors. l/50th h.p. to 3 h.p.. from stock, for PAINT DRYING. A essential work only.—The Johnson Engineering Co., COMPLETE EQUIPMENTS OR SINGLE UNITS 5, Spencer Street. Leamington Spa. 57 PROVIDED. GUARANTEED HEAT GENERATORS. A ERIAL Cables, all sizes quoted for: good deliveries against Government contract numbers.—Edwardes OLDHAM WORKS. OLDHAM TERRACE, Bros., 20. Blackfriars Road. London. S.E.l. 6385 ACTON, W.3, LONDON. LTERNATING Petrol /paraffin Sets. 400/3/50. direct Telephone: Acorn 3504/5. A coupled on bed. First-class order. 25 kVA. 35 kVA. M.E.C. APPARATUS, DULL EMITTER SYSTEM 50 kVA. 70 kVA. Fully tested, for quick delivery.— 59 Gerber & Co. Ltd.. Wembley, Middx. 804 72 (Supplement) E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w October 2 0 , 1 9 4 4 lternator, 500 kVA, 3-p.. so c„ 400/440 v „ 750 ORCELAIN Insulators and Spindles, also Cleats, A revs., direct coupled exciter. 2 brgs., on bedplate. P cheap.—Edwardes Bros., 20, Blackfriars Road, —Stewart Thomson & Sons, Fort Road, Seaforth, Liver London, S.E.l. 6388 pool. 21. 58 OTARY Converters in stock, all sizes; enquiries lte rn a to r. 6oo kVA. 400/ 3 / 50. 300 r.p.m.. with R invited.—Universal Electrical, 221, City Road. A exciter, for coupling. Like new, bargain.—J. Gerber L ondon, E .C .l. 16 & Co. Ltd., Wembley. 803 ELI'-Priming Electric Pumps, 300 g.p.h., £11 lls.— AKELITE Accessories, Switch-Plugs, B/C Adaptors. S John E. R. Steel, Clyde Mills, Bingley. Phone 1066. 53 B Lampholders, Iron Connectors. Batten Holders. In EMI-Diesel horizontal single-cylinder Engine, 12 h.p., by sulation Tape, etc. We carry large stocks. Wholesalers’ S Feilding & Platt, coupled to 6-kW Generator, D.C. 110 enquiries and export orders solicited. Send Id. stamp for volts, compound wound, complete with switchboard. Apply complete list.—Marcus Fisher & Co. Ltd., 37, Aylmer —Avery & Vincent Ltd., Harrington Road, Southall. 6369 Parade, London, N.2. .30 EMI-Diesel horizontal single-cylinder Engine, 48/52h.p., ELT Grinders or Sanders, 4" wide belt, £5 5s.; 6 wide S by Feilding «Si Platt. Apply—Avery & Vincent Ltd.. B belt, £10 10s.—John E. R. Steel. Clyde Mills, Bingley. Harrington Road, Southall. 6368 Phone 1066. . , „ ^ 0 u 52 EMI-Diesel horizontal single-cylinder (industrial type) 84- ERRY Transformer, 150 kVA, mput 6,300 v., 3-phase. S b.h.p. Engine, 26" x 15£" bore, 210 r.p.m., by Feilding B 50 cycles; secondary 410 v., 3-phase. 50 cycles; 210 v.. & Platt, coupled to 70-kVA Alternator, 415 volts, 3-phase, ßingle-phase. As new. Offers—O. A. Miller Last Co. Ltd.. 50 cycles, complete with switchboard, etc. Offers. Apply Northampton. 793 —Avery «Si Vincent Ltd., Harrington Road, Southall. 6367 EST English Cables; 1/.044 up to 127/.103, deliveries QEMI-Diesel, 50 kW, 210 v. D.C., direct coupled (Allen, B against M.O.S. requirements.—Edwardes Bros., 20. ^ 1926), well maintained.—Box 6305, c/o The Electrical Blackfriars Road, London, S.E.l. 6394 /CARBONS, large stocks assorted sizes, solid and cored.— OINGLE-core V.I.R., Braided Flexible, heavy insulation, Edwardes Bros.. 20, Blackfriars Road, London. S.E.l. ^ carry 24 amps., cheap.—Edwardes Bros., 20, Black 6386 friars Road. London, S.E.l. 6390 /BLEATS (porcelain), 1§" and 21" long, two and three QPECIAL lin^ Bell and Telephone Wires, also screened v-' groove, immediate deliveries.—Sloan Electrical Co. ^ wires, large quantity, cheap.—Edwardes Bros., 20. Ltd., 41. Kingsway, London, W.C.2. 806 Blackfriars Road, London, S.E.l. 6391 .C. Generator, compounded, 4 kW, 110 volts, by TAFF Time Checking and Job Costing Time Recorders D Siemens. Apply—Avery & Vincent Ltd., Harrington S (all makes) for quick cash sale. Exceptional con Road, Southall. 6370 dition. Write—Box 528, Smiths, 100, Fleet Street. TT'LECTRIC Conveyor Furnace, suitable for vitreous L ondon. E .C .4. 31 XL enamelling, annealing or stoving, length 75 ft., firing WITCH and Fuse Units, Conduits and fittings, works space 8" high. 6" wide. Three automatically controlled S requirements stocked.—Edwardes Bros., 20, Black heating zones, accuracy ± 5°. temperatures 0 to 900° C. friars Road. London, S.E.l. 6392 Five speeds between 6 and 15 hours, but easily adaptable HPRANSFORMERS, single and three-phase. All types for other speeds. May be seen working, London area.— X up to 10 kVA.—Woden Transformer Co. (Phone. Box 759, c/o The Electrical Review. Bilston 41959), Moxley Road, Bilston, Staffs. 12 XT'LECTRIC Light Check Meters for A.C. mains, 200 /2o0- UDOR Batteries for sale. 55 cells. L.F., 792 ampere XL v., 50-cycle. 3-phase. 5-amp. load. First-class condi T hour, 110 cells. L.E., 370 ampere hour. Complete tion. electrically guaranteed. 10s. 6d. each.—London Central with charging board, regulator, automatic cut out and Radio Stores. 23, Lisle Street, London, W.C.2. /88 meters. Inspection can be made at the Cornwall Mental TT'XHAUST Fans, new, 14". 1-phase, 200/2o0 v.. 1.900 Hospital. Bodmin. All offers to be made in writing to cu. ft./m in.. £11 1 5 s.—Southern Ignition Co. Ltd.. th e S tew ard. 773 190, Thornton Road, Croydon. 75 .R.S. Cables and Flexibles. Welding Cables, supplied OUR identical 150-kW, " Weir Sulzer/E.C.C. T to M.O.S. requirements.—Edwardes Bros., 20, Black F Diesel-driven Generating Sets, 220 volt D.C.—Stewart friars Road, London. S.E.l. 6393 Thomson & Sons, Fort Rd.. Seaforth, L’pool, 21. 74 WO dish-ended Lancashire Boilers by Danks, 30' X EAVY duty Arc Welding Plants. 200 amps. Price T 7' 6". for 125 lbs. working pressure.—Thomas Mitchell H £31 10s. complete. Also Spot Welders, £36 15s.— ¡E NGINEERING Technical Books (new or secondhand) A DVERTISERS having a very extensive clientele in the « in any Quantity. Attractive cash offers. Call— electrical trade with local authorities, supply and i “1™ fl°°L 356. Oxford Street. W.l. or " Stoneleigh." distributive companies, invite contact with reputable rfrrrw S ri . A T e 11 u e • W eybridge. 62 Electrical and Mechanical Appliances Manufacturers with W WITCHES, m line, 3-heat. 2 to 10 amp., urgently a view to representation or sole selling rights in Great required.—A.. GaUenkamp & Co. Ltd.. Finsbury Sq.. Rntain or London and Home Counties. Territories already . - . 6344 covered by own representatives. Prepared to initiate and T ^ 9 440-volt. 120-r.p.m.D.C.Motors; one 3-h.p., conduct an energetic sales policy either on a commission a TE- DC- Motor, 800 r.p.m. Full particulars or buying basis. Post-war arrangements welcomed.—Box Pardoe. Clarence Street. Hull. 797 791, c/o The Electrical Review. \\T ANTED, Rotary Converters, any size.—Universal, TJL 221. City Road. London. E.C.l. 22 A GENCIES required for London, South of England, for ANTED, 800-watt or 1,000-watt., 3-h.p. Kohler ~ “ _the following: (1) Domestic electrical appliances; Petrol Electric Lighting Set. State condition and (2) Brass electrical accessories, switch plugs, etc.; (3) Con price.—Bradley. “ Ravenswood, Oakwood Drive. East duit. Advertisers have clientele with every wholesaler in Horsley. Surrey. 786 the territory mentioned. Immediate turnover can be 1 gross E.S.C. Lampholders, cord grip type. Particulars to guaranteed. Either commission or buying basis. Post 2 —Edward Matthews Ltd.. Bradley, Bilston, Staffs, 799 war arrangements considered.—Box 64, c/o The Elec trical Review. A GENCIES required, South of England, including the WORK WANTED AIMD OFFERED London area: (a) Cables; (b) Small Switchgear; (c) Transformers; or any lines suitable for distribution for MOTOR REPAIRS wholesalers’ business.—Box 40, c/o The Electrical Review. A GENT required for the Lancashire, Cheshire and/or T> EWINDING and Repairs. Small Motors and Electric Yorkshire area by manufacturers of Electrical Measur Tools rewound and repaired by firm having long ing Instruments. Must be technically qualified and have experience in this work. Guaranteed work and prompt existing connection in the electrical manufacturing and service. Large assortment of Motors available from stock. radio trade.—Box 755, c/o The Electrical Review. T ONDON Wholesalers (Manufacturers’ Agents and SOUTHERN IGNITION CO. LTD., Import-Exporters), with excellent connections and 190. THORNTON RD.. representatives throughout the U.K., require new lines CROYDON. for home trade: Electrical articles, fancy goods, fancy THOmton Heath 4276-8. 37 jewellery, etc. Prepared to act as distributing agents. Showrooms available if necessary. Write—Box 749, c/o REWINDING AND REPAIRS The Electrical Review. ll/f ANUFAGTURERS’ Agents, covering the whole of ^ Great Britain and Colonies, are desirous of contact TATE rewind and repair any motors, A.C. or D.C., from ing manufacturers with a view to sole selling rights (either 1 h.p. to 500 h.p. Motors lent while repairs are being commission or buying), post-war arrangements considered. carried out. Established over 24 years. —Box 23, c/o The Electrical Review. W. H. SUGDEN & CO. LTD., ly/TANUFACTURERS of electro-magnetic relays require an Agent for each of the following areas: Home Glenny Road. Barking. Essex. Counties. South Coast, West of England. South Wales. Phone. Rippleway 3302. Northern Ireland, Eire. Must be technically qualified and ______48 have connections in the industrial and supply companies field. Give full details, stating territory covered and DESIGNS AND INSTALLATIONS CO., GUILDFORD agencies held.—Box 710. c/o The Electrical Review. LD-established ElectricaP Wholesale Firm, with sound rpH E above company can undertake design and O finances, large industrial connections, several branches, development work from specification, sketches showrooms and warehouses in London and the Provinces, or rough models of small electrical and mechanical open to accept agencies, buying or selling. Opportunity for equipment, also production of finished drawings first-class manufacturers to establish close contacts for post and technical data. Production of artists’ free war development.—Box 798, c/o The Electrical Review. hand sketches, photographs and enlargements of ADIO, Electrical Dealer desires agencies: equipment, models, etc. Specialists in radio and switchgear. All work undertaken in strictest confidence. R spares, solder irons, tools, instruments, radios, lamps, 6337 etc.. etc. Write—Goldies Radio, 359, Paul Kruger Street, Pretoria, South Africa. 6375 rpECHNICAL Representative, employed for 10 years by RMATURE, Rotor and Stator rewinds and repairs, large electrical manufacturers, excellent connection in A fractional to 60 h.p. Prompt deliveries.—T. A. Boxall South Midlands, requires post-war agencies in the electrical & Co.. Horley. Surrey. Phone 654. 6373 trade. Office and warehouse will be available for stocks.— i^LECTRICA L Measuring Instruments skilfully repaired Box 6372, c/o The Electrical Review. and recalibrated. — Electrical Instruments Repair Service. “ Stanimede.” Forlease Road, Maidenhead. 6340 IV/TACHINING Work, for Centre Lathes up to 6i in. BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES centres and medium-sized milling (good grade work preferred).—The London Electric Firm, Croydon. Up THE CHARTERHOUSE INDUSTRIAL lands 4871. . 4ii , c , ■^/TEASURING Instrument Repairs. All makes of meters DEVELOPMENT COMPANY LIMITED and instruments skilfully repaired by experts. Prompt service for essential purposes. Runbaken Electrical Re- pairs. Meter Dept. «352). Manchester. 1. 54 is a pioneer in the specialised business of providing capital for established industrial undertakings still in the develop LASTICS Consultant. Synthetic resins, rubbers. ment stage and not yet ready to appeal for public P Advice electrical applications and others. Practical subscriptions. work—Box 6382. c/o The Electrical Review. T IT E have an up-to-date plant for Vacuum Impregnating The post-war period promises to be one of considerable VV large or small motors, transformers, etc^ E?Qu‘ry industrial activity and Charterhouse Industrial Develop is invited—Brandon Electrical Engineering Co. (Leeds) ment Company Limited, with its experience and powerful Ltd! AI.D Approved No. 5145/43. Nancroft Mount connections, is prepared to discuss with industrialists their Chapel Lane, Armley, Leeds. 12. plans for development where the introduction of new capital forms part of the programme. AGENCIES Enquiries should be addressed, Young Man, with good connection in all A wishes to contact manufacturers desiring repiresesta by post in the first instance, to tion in London and Home Counties—Box 6342. c/o m e CHARTERHOUSE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT A g e n c i e s for Domestic Electrical Appliances.Northern COMPANY LIMITED. A l Counties and Gotland Immediate tmnoverguara^ 6, Old Jewry, London, E.C.2. teed, commission or buy mg basis. Apply Box 7au. c/o 784 The Electrical Review. 7 4 ( Supplement) E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 2 0 , 1 9 4 4 MISCELLANEOUS ATTERY Chargers Modernised. Your old Charger made B like new by specialists. Conversion from valve to metal rectification. Send for interesting leaflet ” Q.D.’’ on this service.—Runbaken Electrical Products, Manchester. 1. 45 ON’T Disclose Your Plans. Produce blue prints and D black line copies, etc., in your own office, without glass frame, privately and economically. “ Arcoflex ” Copiers from 28 shillings. As supplied to H.M. Government.— W. A. Boughton, 53, Kenley Road, Merton, S.W.19. 43 T IJSLIE Dixon & Co. for Dynamos, Motors, Switchgear, Chargers and Telephones.—214, Queenstown Road. Battersea, S.W.8. Telephone, Macaulay 2159. Nearest Rly. Sta. : Queen’s Road, Battersea (S.R.). 18 ART-time work wanted by three experienced designers. P Development from engineers’ roughs, etc., etc.. and production of finished drawings, 60 hrs. per week. Strictest confidence and accurate, high quality work assured.—Box 6338, c/o The Electrical Review. HOTOGRAPHY, a photograph says more than a P thousand words. Realistic photographs for cata logues, brochures and general reproduction purposes for present and after-the-war uses. Records made of present work, premises, etc.—Miles & Kaye Ltd., Industrial Photo graphers, 100, Southampton Row, London. W.C.l. Tele phone, HOLbom 6858. Established over 50 years. 723 1 & Ml CASEIN PLASTICS EDUCATIONAL NOTICES Plain or engraved to customers’ requirements. Standard Colours : black, white, blue, green, LATEST A.M .I.E.E. RESULTS red and yellow. The brilliant and permanent colours N the recent Examinations held by the Institution of I Electrical Engineers 477 Candidates sat who had obtainable in casein plastics make this taken B.I.E.T. courses. Of these 457 were successful in materia! pre-eminent for identification passing the examinations. We believe this record of 457 under poor lighting conditions. successes out of 477 entrants has never before been approached by any oral or correspondence tutorial Manufacturers : organisation, and indicates the very high efficiency of the modern system of Technical Training which we have CRITCHLEY BROS. LTD. laid dow n. The B.I.E.T. tutorial organisation is waiting to assist BRIMSCOMBE • STROUD « GLOS. you either with a short specialist course or complete training for a recognised examination. We have available a large full-time staff of instructors, while the efficiency of dur extensive organisation is a byword among engineers. WE GUARANTEE—“ HO PASS—NO FEE ” May we send a copy of " ENGINEERING OPPOR TUNITIES ” ? Containing a great deal of useful advice and detailed information on over 200 Home-Study Courses and examinations, this handbook is of very real value to the ambitious engineer. Our highly informative handbook will be sent FREE and without obligation on request. BRITISH INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY. iioiiiii ira AID Established 1927—over 200,000 students. y.S-lfacÙfe CRAWF0ÜD SPRING WORKS FULLY 12, Shakespeare House, 17, 18 & 19, Stratford Place, Oxford Street, London, W .l. ROCHDALE LANCS Pbo,e2 4 24 _A!_Ü_!!AIÎD 33 eri/tr sp/t/t/e a sot/nce or /»iPHAr/e» Great Possibilities for TECHNICALLY QUALIFIED ENGINEERS ADVERTISEMENT Key Men In War-Time and Afterwards COPY AND BLOCKS rpH E finest posts and the great majority of posts in • Great Britain in this war are technical. The same should reach us 15 days preceding will be the case when the war is over. The vast increase date of Issue addressed to in mechanisation now being applied to war purposes will then be suitably utilised in reconstruction, and in trade and commerce. Take a recognised Engineering Quali ELECTRICAL REVIEW fication through home-study with the T.I.G.B., whose D w M t H o u m , Stamford Straat Students have gained 35 FIRST PLACES in th e LONDON, S.E.I A.M.Inst.C.E.. A.M.I.E.E . A.M.I.Mech.E.. A.F.R.Ae.S., etc., examinations. Write to-day for " The Engineer’s Guide to Success.” containing the world’s widest choice of engineering Courses—over 200—covering all branches : Electrical, Aeronautical, Mechanical, Wireless, etc. THE TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF GT. BRITAIN, 35, Temple Bar House, London, E.C.4. 77 REMEMBRANCE DAY October 20, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w (Supplement) 75 Every type of wire which RICHARD JOHNSON & NEPHEW LTD. manufacture is the very best for its purpose that modern methods and science can produce...... RICHARD JOHNSON & NEPHEW LTD. have a proud record of unfailing service— worthy of your confidence. (M c j á JDHNSDNeNEPHEW^/, I BRADFORD IRONWORKS, FORCE LANE, MANCHESTER, II You can Rely on Service & Satisfaction if you deal with E. _ Dawson (Lamp Factors) Ltd., Wholesale Distri butors to the Electrical Trade for 30 years, with an unsurpassed reputa tion for personal attention to all your electrical requirements even under present day conditions. Large stocks of all avail able types of E.L.M.A. Lamps, C.M.A. Cables, Fluorescent Fittings, etc. — a creative force “ If it’s to be got — we’ll get itJ” in Britain’s post-war E. DSWSOD (Lamp Factors) Ltd. engineering renaissance 10 Gray’s Inn Road, London, W.C.l HOLborn 5341-2. Grams: " Edawsicko, Holb, London ” 76 (Supplem ent) E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w October 20, 1944 HOT BRASS AND COPPER PRESSINGS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION FO R T H E ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY W e can supply pressings only or pressings machined tocustomers requirements SUTCLIFFE SPEAKMAN A N D COMPANY LIMITED LEIGH • LANCASHIRE London Office : 66 Victoria St., S.W.I Victoria 7982-3 FOR LAMPS WELWYN OR BULBS HIGH STABILITY CARBON RESISTORS TROPICAL GRADE TYPE APPROVED CLOSE TOLERANCES LOW TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT ENQUIRIES ARE INVITED FROM THE TRADE-CATALOGUE SHORTLY AVAILABLE RIVAL LAMPS LTD. Electric Lamp Manufacturers WELWYN ELECTRICAL Ace of Spades, Kingston By-Pass, Surrey LABORATORIES LIMITED Phone : ELMBRIDGE 3623 & 5666 WELWYN GARDEN CITY-HERTS j October 20. 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w (Supplement) 77 t h e BRIGHTER DAYS are coming for LIGHTING EQUIPMENT. Specialists in Fluorescent, Mercury and Sodium Lighting. ' The 50-range Model 7 Universal AvoMeter. Schemes prepared to meet the requirements of the Factory Act The world-wide use of dependable accuracy, “AVO” Instruments is which is often used striking testimony to their as a standard by which outstanding versatility, other instruments are W. H. STOME (Western) Ltd. precision and reliability. judged. There is an In every sphere of elec “ AVO” instrument for trical test work they every essential electrical 67 REDGLIFFE HILL, BRISTOL 1 *>™> are appreciated for their test. Orders can now only be accepted which bear a W.H.STOHE4 Co.((flrdifi)ltd. Government Contract Number and Priority Rating. Sole Proprietors and Manufacturers : 16&17RILLS TERRACE,CARDIFF Ü 77 AUTOMATIC COIL WINDER & ELECTRICAL On Ministry of Supply, Ministry of Aircraft EQ UIPM ENT CO., LTD., Winder House, Douglas Production, Admiralty Lists, etc. Street, London, S.W. I. Phone: Victoria 3404-8. . DETERMINES THE ( O I L PERFORMANCE ARLEY * ACCURACY + UNIFORMITY * RELIABILITY * SERVICE ITHOLITE INSULATORS & * COMPETITIVE PRICES ,T ALBANS MOULDINGS LTD EXPRESS DELIVERIES DAILY IN LONDON AREA WATFORD The VARLEY MAGNET COMPANY BLOOMFIELD ROAD 'PHONE : WATFORD 4494 woo, ¿SB & cU .) WOOLWICH, S.E.18 78 (Supplem ent) E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944 PAGE Dorman & Smith Ltd ...... 55 Index to Advertisers Drake & Gorham Ltd ...... 37 PAGE Dryden, Thomas, & Sons Ltd ...... 82 Aidas Electric Ltd ...... 58 Duratube & Wire Ltd ...... 62 Airscrew Co. Ltd ...... 62 Durham Cables Ltd ...... 79 Astor Boisselier & Lawrence Ltd ...... 60 E. & M. Developments Ltd ...... 54 Automatic Coil Winder & Elecl. Equipment Co. Ltd. 77 Edison Swan Electric Co. Ltd ...... 35 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd ...... 38 Electric Construction Co. Ltd ...... 34 Barns, W., & Son ...... 52 Evans Lifts Ltd ...... 60 Belling & Co. Ltd ...... 12 Everett, Edgcumbe & C o . L td ...... 40 Black & Decker Ltd ...... 22 Ferranti Ltd ...... 11 & 23 Braithwaite & Co. Engineers Ltd ...... 53 Geipel, William, Ltd ...... 63 Bray, George, & Co. Ltd ...... 56 General Electric Co. Ltd ...... 16 & 68 British Aero Components Ltd ...... 65 Gent & Co. Ltd ...... 24 British Electric Resistance Co. Ltd ...... 48 Glenfield & Kennedy Ltd ...... C o v e r iv British Mica Co. Ltd ...... 80 Glover, W. T., & C o . L td ...... 10 British Power Transformer Co. Ltd ...... 51 G re lc o L td ...... 62 British Thomson-Houston Co. Ltd ...... 5 & 18 Harboro’ Rubber Co. Ltd ...... 82 British Vacuum Cleaner & Engineering Co. Ltd 54 Hartley & Baldwin Ltd ...... 78 Burgess Products Co. Ltd ...... 50 Heatrae Ltd ...... 1 Burt, Boulton & Haywood Ltd ...... 64 Henley’s, W. T., Telegraph W orks Co. Ltd ...... 13 Cable Makers’ Association ...... C o v e r ii Higgs Motors Ltd ...... •...... 29 Canning, W., & Co. Ltd ...... 14 H o o v e r L td ...... 48 Carter & James, H. W., Ltd ...... 56 Hopkinsons Ltd ...... 79 Churchouse, C. M., Ltd ...... 48 Howells (Electric Motors) Ltd Cover iii City Electrical Co ...... 80 Igranic Electric Co. Ltd ...... 4 Cole, E. K., Ltd ...... , ...... 49 lo c o L td ...... 39 Compound Electro Metals Ltd ...... 50 Johnson, Richard, & Nephew Ltd ...... 75 Connolly’s (Blackley) Ltd ...... 46 Jones, Samuel, & Co. Ltd ...... 50 Constructors Ltd ...... 62 Kidde, Walter, Co ...... 78 Corrugated Packing & Sheet Metal Co. Ltd ...... 54 K la x o n L td ...... 52 Cox-Walkers Ltd ...... 54 Lancashire Cables Ltd ...... 44 Critchley Bros. Ltd ...... 74 Lancashire Dynamo & Crypto Ltd ...... 26 Crompton Parkinson Ltd ...... C o v e r i, 20 & 61 Laurence, Scott & Electromotors Ltd ...... 42 Cryselco Ltd ...... 30 Legg (Industries) Ltd ...... 60 Dalyte Electrical Co. Ltd ...... 64 Litholite Insulators & St. Albans Mouldings Ltd.. . . 77 Davidson & Co. Ltd ...... 9 Liverpool Electric Cable Co. Ltd ...... 28 Davis & Timmins Ltd ...... 82 London Electric Firm ...... 60 Dawson, E., (Lamp Factors) Ltd ...... 75 London Electrical Co. (Blackfriars) Ltd ...... 17 Desoutter Bros. Ltd ...... 3 Donovan Electrical Co. Ltd ...... 82 (Continued on page 80) ■ CONDUIT FITTINGS - THE WALTER KIDDE COMPANY FOR SAFE, CERTAIN FIRE PROTECTION CARBON - DIOXIDE SPECIALISTS WE MANUFACTURE AN EXTENSIVE RANGE OF SCREWED FITTINGS. WRITE FOR CATALOGUE NOW LUX WORKS Hartley & Baldwin Ltd. BELVUE RD.. NORTHOLT ARBAL HOUSE MIDDLESEX 7 NEWHALL ST., BIRMINGHAM 3 laim iiim am uuuH iuiiiiiiH uaiM H iiiuiiiiiiil WHOLESALE ONLY...... October 20, 1944 E lectrical Review (Supplement) 79 HOPKINSONS LIMITED—HUDDERSFIELD London O ffice: 34 Norfolk Street, Strand, W.C.2 A670 3927 8 0 ( Supplement) E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 2 0 , 1 9 4 4 Index to Advertisers (Continued from page 78) PAGE Macpherson, Donald, & C o . L td ...... 57 Matthews & Yates Ltd ...... 80 McGregor, Robert, & Co ...... 58 M.C.L. & Repetition Ltd ...... 1 Metalastik Ltd ...... 66 Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Co. Ltd 21 & 45 Metway Electrical Industries Ltd ...... 44 Midland Electric Mfg. Co. Ltd ...... 33 M.K. Electric Ltd ...... 55 Nalder Bros. & Thompson Ltd ...... 25 Newman Motors ...... 8 Non-Ferrous Die Casting Co. Ltd ...... 64 Panniter, Hope & Sugden Ltd ...... 81 Parsons, C. A., & Co. Ltd ...... 6 P. & B. Engineering Co. Ltd ...... 64 Premier Electric Heaters Ltd ...... 32 P u ltr a L td ...... 59 Radcliffe, Henry, & Co. Ltd ...... 46 Ratcliffe, F. S., (Rochdale) Ltd ...... 74 Record Electrical Co. Ltd ...... 63 Reyrolle, A., & Co. Ltd ...... 31 Riley, Robert, Ltd ...... 44 Rival Lamps Ltd ...... 76 R ix , G . A ...... 56 Ross Courtney & Co. Ltd ...... 1 Rotherham & Sons Ltd ...... 57 Sanders, Wm., & Co. (Wednesbury) Ltd ...... 47 Scholes, George H., & Co. Ltd ...... 59 Scott, Hugh J., & Co: (Belfast) Ltd ...... 67 Sheffield Smelting Co. Ltd ...... 58 Siemens Brothers & Co. Ltd ...... 15 M A T T H E W S & Y A T E S Simmonds Aerocessories Ltd ...... 43 Heating and Ventilating Engineers LTD Sims, F. D., Ltd ...... 52 Standard Telephones & Cables Ltd ...... 2 SWINTON (Manchester) & LONDON Sterling Varnish Co. Ltd ...... 36 Telephone* : SW Inton 2273. (4 line*). LONDON. Chancery 7823 Stone, W. H., & Co. (Cardiff) Ltd ...... 77 GLASGOW • LEEDS - BIRMINGHAM - CARDIFF Sturtevant Engineering Co. Ltd ...... 7 Sutcliffe, Speakman & Co. Ltd ...... 76 Full Technical Data supplied on quoting ref. 5^1 a Thew, Edward H., Ltd ...... 82 Tube Products Ltd ...... 27 Tyne Truck & Trolley Co. Ltd ...... 58 Varley Magnet Co ...... 77 Veritys Ltd ...... 41 Ward & Goldstone Ltd ...... 67 Wardle Engineering Co. Ltd ...... C o v e r.iii Welwyn Electrical Laboratories Ltd ...... 76 Westminster Engineering Co. Ltd ...... 1 Westool Ltd ...... 80 Wilcox, Edward, & Co. Ltd ...... 46 Wilmot-Breeden Ltd ...... 75 Wolf, S., & Co. Ltd ...... 19 Young Accumulator Co. Ltd ...... 56 Zenith Electric Co. Ltd ...... 81 COMMUTATOR SECTIONS AND The fact that goods made of raw m aterials in short SHAPED INSULATORS supply owing to war conditions are advertised in this Journal should not be taken as an indication that they are necessarily available for export BRITISH MICA C° LT0-BEDFORD t e l e p h o n e Putney 4281-3 i l O WESTOOL YOüntiMK P U T N E Y EMERALD STREET, LONDON, W . C. L TELEPHONE HOLBORN 9722. i m LONDON S .W .IS October 20, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w (Supplement) 8 1 UNIT TYPE BOARDS PARMITER, HOPE & SUGDEN, LTD. Fluvent Electrical Works Longsight, Manchester 12 h — ( r e g d . t r a d e - m a r k ) Improved Type CERAMIC EMBEDDED RESISTORS of the highest quality, complying with all Government Specifications Please allow us to send you a copy of our descriptive catalogue THE ZENITH ELECTRIC CO. LTD. Zenith Works, Villiers Road Willesden Green, London, N.W.2 Phone : WILIesden 4087-8-9 G ram s: “ Voltaohm, Phone, London” 82 (Supplem ent) E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w October 20, 1944 • We are now able to STUDDING supply Brass or Steel Studding from stock in the following sizes : 0—8 B A f — i " W h itw o rth Supplied in 12 inch lengths in gross bundles. Special lengths supplied to order. W e are manufacturers of Screws, Small Turned Parts and Inserts. AVIS & TIMMINS L- Head Office: BILLET ROAD • W A L T H A M S T O W - LO ND O N • E .I7 Enquiries Invited. Telephone: Larks wood 2244 and 4441 Enquiries are invited by the Empire's largest general engravers for— For the present w e can deal only ENGRAVED BRASS, CAST BRASS AND ALUMINIUM, with enquiries for permitted essen tial Moulded Rubbers and look ENAMELLED BRONZE AND CHEMICALLY ahead and prepare for the future EN G R A V ED PLATES of all types In all languages restoration of the complete “ DAINITE” Samples and quotations for large or small quantities Service upon request. Phone or write. HARBORO’RUBBER CO.LTO. MARKET HARBOROUGH Telephone EDWARD H.THEW L'° - 20221 II.OEAN STREET N£ WCASTLEON-TYNE EARTHING CLIPS WITH SPECIAL BITE AND CRIP INTO TUBE OR 'r n u U u r e ARMOURING Note the tongue which t w o * ensures perfect and permanent contact. Easy to fix. Nuts cannot f t * * » turn. All sizes from half to two Inches Teiepiton#- THE DONOVAN ELECTRICAL CO. LTD BIRMINGHAM 9 Thos DRYDEN&Sons Lid. «77 Electrical Manufacturer« and Stockholders Printed in Great Britain at THE CHAPEL RIVER PRESS, Andover, Hants, and published by ELECTRICAL R eview , LIMITED, at Dorset House, Stamford Street, London, S.E.l. October 20, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w iii /ÎHOWELLS (ELECTRIC MOTORS) LTD STOKE-ON-TRENT, ENGLAND >> “ 3 a n i e ô ô JjfU dhf ¿ncCased M a t a % 6 • All sizes from \ to 5 h.p. now available # No larger than protected type O Supersedes all fan-cooled types LONDON : Palmers Green 5428 BRISTOL: BIRMINGHAM : Central 7909 MANCHESTER: Dldsbury 4709 43409 STOKE-ON-TRENT: 29624 HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL MOUNTING FOR LARGE BSS CONDUIT BOX. WARDLE c m e M i r o m y © s ™ < § Price List L587 on a p p lic ation WARDLE ENGINEERING CO. LTD. OLD TRAFFORD. MANCHESTER 16 LONDON 34 VICTORIA STREET, S W. I IV October 20, 1944 K e n n e d y POSITIVE METERS Kennedy Hot Water Meters are specially designed for measuring boiler feed, and are extensively used for this purpose in all parts of the world. They are extremely accurate at all speeds, since they measure the actual distance travelled by the piston, and not the number of strokes. Thus long or short strokes, due to rapid or slow working, do not affect their accuracy, which is guaranteed to be within 1% at all rates of flow. They cause very little extra back pressure on the pumps on account A KENNEDY POSITIVE FEED of their large delivering capacity, for which reason a smaller WATER METER INSTALLED nominal size of meter than the size of pipe can often be ON BOILER PLANT. employed. All parts are of substantial construction, and there Messrs. is no delicate mechanism exposed to the action of the water. GLENFIELD & KENNEDY If oiled and cleaned periodically, the meters can be main LTD. tained almost indefinitely at a very small cost, and we have KILMARNOCK, SCOTLAND records of these meters working continuously for eighteen Please send a copy of booklet years without being dismantled or requiring repair. “ KENNEDY POSITIVE METERS FOR HOT WATER " All parts are made accurately to gauge so that spares can be easily and quickly substituted, and parts subject to pressure are tested to 500 lb. per square inch. ELR 2010 G IEN FIEIP AND KENNEDY LIMITED KILMARNOCK