HSE School for Historical Studies.

МА program in medieval studies.

Christian Church in the West and in the East of Europe. Late medieval and Renaissance period.

(2019-2020, Fall term)

Instructor: prof. Mikhail V. Dmitriev

Title of the course: Christian Church in the West and in the East of Europe. Late medieval and Renaissance period.

3 credits (14 hours of lectures; 20 hours of seminars).

Pre-requisites: acquaintance with medieval and modern history of Europe; mastering English. The course is neither co-requisite nor pre-requisite of any other course. It is correlated with other courses on the European and Russian history, which are taught at in the HSE School for Historical Studies.

Course type: elective

This course will be taught in English.

This course aims to familiarize students with basic confessional peculiarities of the Western Christian traditions (Catholicism, Protestantism) as compared to the Eastern Christianity, in the period running from the XIIth through the XVIth centuries. Thus, a comparative approach is crucial and central for this course. Besides, this course will explore some aspects of the impact exerted by specifically confessional factors upon states, societies, and cultures of the Latin West (in France, Germany and Poland taken as examples) in comparison with medieval and early modern Russia. Methodologically this seminar course will be based on Max Weber’s tradition, and its recent developments; students are supposed to be acquainted with that tradition and able to apply it in a creative manner. In seminars, problem of common and different in two Christian traditions will be analyzed on the basis of a very attentive readings of some relevant medieval and early modern sources; on the other hand some individual historical situations and conjunctures will be studied too. The same way, cultural trends generated by Renaissance and studia humanitatis will stand in focus of our attention – as much as they affected the European Church history. Students will acquire experience of working on primary sources (reading and interpretation; in English translations) dealing with the Church history; some sources will be read and studied in Latin; some – in other languages.

Chronologically this course continues such courses as “The Christian East and emergence of the Islamic world” and “Byzantium: emperors and saints”. Methodologically and thematically this course is linked to such subject matters as “History of medieval Latin literature”; “Renaissance literature”; “Philosophy and scholarly thought in the late medieval and Renaissance period”.

Learning objectives: More specifically, this course aims: - to analyze comparatively and from the longue durée perspective some crucial aspects in the interaction of religious traditions with political, social and cultural processes in Europe’s history; - to explore some new research problems regarding relationship between religious traditions and social and political evolution of the European countries in Middle Ages and XVIth - XIXth centuries; - to familiarize students with the research issues in the given area which remain unclear, controversial and disputable, and thus most promising in terms of further research.

Learning outcomes of the course: This course will develop students’ skills to analyze critically and comparatively a range of problems in religious, political and social history of Europe using appropriate theoretical and historical perspectives. Students will acquire a systemic understanding of basic religious factors influencing social, political and cultural evolution of Europe in Modern time. They will be able to form solid and argued judgments in a range of specific questions in history of France, Poland, Russia and other Europe’s countries. They will evaluate critically key concepts and comparative approaches as far as these Europe’s regions are concerned. Students are expected to demonstrate appreciation of diversity and multicultural contexts in this studies area. Students who will successfully complete the course will be equipped with an adequate knowledge and skills to pursue their studies in European and East European history. By this token, the students who are planning to continue their studies and to enroll into MA and Ph.D. programs are the most welcome.

Knowledge Assessment: Grading will be based (1) on the quality of the classroom discussions and short oral presentations (up to 10-12 minutes); (2) on an essay to be handed in at the end of the course; (3) on final exam mark. The course puts a major emphasis on discussions in the class. Since the discussed issues are very diverse, students will many opportunities to show their abilities. The students are expected to participate in the course regularly. Through oral presentations, discussions on readings required, and written essays students will acquire experience in critiquing professional research articles and will develop their capacities to identify original contributions to scholarly research. The class participation will be graded on the basis of the quality of comments given as well as the precision and depth with which these comments demonstrate an attentive reading of materials suggested. The class discussions will show how thoroughly students have mastered the basic information provided in the course as well as their ability to answer the key questions that this course has been designed to address.

Methods of Instruction: The course has a seminar character and focuses not so much on facts as on interpretations. All issues will be subjected to a comparative analysis. Required readings make up to 50-60 pp. per week, composed of fragments of source materials and chapters (articles) taken from research books. The objective is to get students familiar with some primary sources, and relevant interpretations of issues related to the course program. The instructor will suggest a list of questions about readings. Students will be expected to comment on such questions. Alongside with required readings, students will be expected to refresh their knowledge of history and culture of Europe on the basis of textbooks and other reference books. Through discussions students will gain insight into the analytical historical questions and methods by which they are researched. Readings are selected to provide representative case studies for comparative purposes. Most readings will be distributed as pdf files.

Grading system: Accumulated grade (50% of the final grade): 50 % - seminar work: preparedness; participation in discussions; short oral presentations 50 % - term paper (20 000 signs or more): its topic should be related to the program of our course and will be chosen by the student in consultation with the instructor; students could take one of subjects of our class discussion. Thus, seminar work and term paper will make 0,5 of the final grade. Final exam (50% of the final grade) - a written detailed analytical plan on one of the topics discussed in our classes, and a short oral conversation with the instructor on topics treated. Thus, the exam will make 0,5 of the final grade.

Term papers are due December 1, 2019.

Course plan: topics of lectures and seminar discussions (some changes might occur):

Week 1: (a). Religion, confession, state and society in late medieval and early modern Europe. Max Weber’s legacy and beyond. - Lecture.

Mandatory readings: Weber M. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Trans. by T. Parsons. New York, 1958 (introduction).

Optional readings: Bauman M., Klauber M.I. Historians of the Christian Tradition. Thought, Methodology and Influence. Nashville, 1995 Poggi G. Calvinism and the capitalist spirit: Max Weber’s “Protestant ethic”. London, 1983 Roth G., Schluchter W. Max Weber’s Vision of History. Ethics and Methods. University of California Press, 1979 Scaff L.A. Fleeing the Iron Cage. Culture, Politics, and Modernity in the Thought of Max Weber. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989 Max Weber: critical acessments. Vol. 1-8. Ed. by P. Hamilton. Routledge, 1991 Lehmann H. Ascetic Protestantism and economic rationalism: Max Weber revisited after two generations// Harvard theological review. 80 (Cambridge, 1987). N 3. P. 307-320 The Protestant Ethic and Modernization. A comparative View / Ed. by S. Eisenstadt New York, 1968 Gillespie M.A. The Theological Origins of Modernity. University of Chicago Press, 2008

Further optional readings will be suggested during the course.

(b). The “Latin West” and the “Greek” East: what makes a difference? Two patristic legacies and their cultural effects. - Seminar.

Mandatory readings: Meyendorff J. Byzantine Theology. Historical Trends and Doctrinal Themes. New York: Fordham University Press, 1974 (Chapter “Man”, p. 138-149) Benz E. The : its Thought and Life. New-York, 1963, p. 1-19 (The Orthodox Icon)

Optional readings: Eastern Orthodox Theology. A Contemporary reader / Ed. by D.B. Clendenin. Baker Books, 1995 Geanakoplos D. J. Byzantine East and Latin West: Two Worlds of Christendom in Middle Ages and Renaissance. Studies in Ecclesiastical and Cultural History. Oxford, 1966 Lossky V. The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church. London, 1957 Meyendorff J. Rome, Constantinople. . Historical and Theological Studies. St Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 1996

Further optional readings will be suggested during the course.

Week 2:

(a). The Bible, “sacred books”, theological learning and Christian epistemology: late medieval West, Byzantine tradition, Rus’. – Lecture.

Mandatory readings: Pseudo-Dionysius. The Mystical Theology // Pseudo-Dionysius. The Complete Works. Translated by Colm Luibheid. New York: Paulist Press, 1987. P. 133-141 Lossky V. The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church. New York: St.Vladimir Seminary Press, 1976. P. 23-43 (chapter 2: “The Divine Darkness”)

Optional readings: Rorem P. Pseudo-Dionysius. A Commentary on the Texts and an Introduction to their Influence. Oxford Univ. Press, 1993 O’Rourke F. Psedo-Diomysius and the Metaphysics of Aquinas. Leiden: Brill, 1992 Denys l’Aréopagite et sa postérité en Orient et en Occident. Actes du colloque international. Paris, 21-24 septembre 1994. Ed. par Y.de Andia. Paris: Institut d’études Augustiniennes, 1997. Die Dionysius-Rezeption im Mittelalter. Ed. by T. Boiadjiev, G. Kapriev und A. Speer. Akten des internationalen Kolloquiums vom 8. bis 11. April 1999 in Sofia unter der Schirmherrschaft der S.I.E.P.M., Louvain-la-Neuve-Turnhout 2000 (Rencontres de Philosophie Medievale, 9)

Further optional readings will be suggested during the course.

(b). Catholicism in the XVth - XVIth century: dead or alive? Old traditions and new developments in late medieval religiosity. Why – “witch hunting”? - Seminar.

Mandatory readings: Bogucka M. Martin Gruneweg’s Magic World. Remarks on the Early Modern Mentality // Acta Poloniae Historica, 86 (2002), p. 47-55. Ryan, W. F. The Witchcraft Hysteria in Early Modern Europe: Was Russia an Exception? // The Slavonic and East European Review 76 (1, 1998): 49-84.

Optional readings: Behringer W. Demonology, 1500 - 1660 // The Cambridge History of Christianity. Vol. VI. Reform and Expansion, 1500 -1660. Edited by R. Po-Chia Hsia. Cambridge University Press, 2007. P. 406 – 424, 681-685 (bibliography) Zguta, R. Witchcraft Trials in Seventeenth-Century Russia // American Historical Review 82 (5 1977): 1187-1207. Ankarloo B., Hennigsen G., eds. Early Modern European Witchcraft: Centres and Peripheries. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1993. Burke P. The Comparative Approach to European Witchcraft //Ankarloo B., Hennigsen G., eds. Early Modern European Witchcraft: Centres and Peripheries. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1993. P. 436-441. George L. Burr, ed., The Witch Persecutions in Translations and Reprints from the Original Sources of European History, 6 vols. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania History Department, 1898-1912 ) – есть в Сети!… Thomas K. Religion and the Decline of Magic. New York, 1971

Further optional readings will be suggested during the course.

Week 3. (a). From the late medieval peccatology to Humanism? Missing Humanism in the Orthodox cultures of Eastern Europe - a pseudo-problem? – Seminar.

Mandatory readings: St. Augustine on the original sin: Augustine. The City of God against the Pagans. Edited and translated by R.W. Dyson. Cambridge University press, 1998 (Cambridge texts in the history of political thought). Book XIV, chapters 1-4, 11-19, and 28 (p. 581-588, 603- 619, 632-633). Dmitriev M. Humanism and the Traditional Orthodox Culture of Eastern Еurope: How Compatible were They in the 16th and 17th Centuries? // Orthodox Christianity and Human Rights. Edited by Alfons Bruening and Evert van der Zweerde. Leuven-Paris- Walpole: PEETERS, 2012 (= Eastern Christian Studies, 13). P. 85 – 109

Optional readings: Medlin W.K., Patrinelis C.G. Renaissance Influences nad Religious Reforms in Russia: Western and Post-Byzantine Impacts on Culture and Education ( XVIth-XVIIth Centuries). Geneva, 1971 Okenfuss M. The Rise and Fall of Latin Humanism in Early-Modern Russia: Pagan Authors, Ukrainians, and the Resiliency of Muscovy. Leiden:E.J. Brill, 1995

Further optional readings will be suggested during the course.

(b). Sub specie mortis: perception of death and its cultural impact in the “latin” West and in Russia (XV-XVIIth centuries). - Seminar.

Mandatory readings: St. Augustine on two deaths (Augustine. The City of God against the Pagans. Edited and translated by R.W. Dyson. Cambridge university press, 1998 (Cambridge texts in the history of political thought). Book XIII, chapters 1-14, p. 541-556) Berezhnaya L. Sin, Fear, and Death in the Catholic and Orthodox Sermons in the 16th – 17th Century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (An Attempt at Comparison) // Être catholique, être orthodoxe, être protestant. Confessions et identités culturelles en Europe médiévale et moderne / Études réunies et publiées par Marek Derwich et Mikhaïl V. Dmitriev. Wroclaw: LARHCOR, 2003. P. 253-284 Optional readings: Aries Ph. Images of Man and Death. Trans. by J. lloyd. Harvard University Press, 1985 Badone E. The Appointed Hour. Death, Worldview and Social Change in Brittany. University of California Press, 1989 - good example of todays studies; biblio (UofA) Boase T.S.R. Death in the Middle Ages. Mortality, Judgment and Remembrance. New York, 1972 Death and Afterlife. Perspectives of World Religions. Ed. by H. Obayashi. New York: Greenwood Press, 1992 Gittings C. Death, Burial and the Individual in Early Modern England. London, 1984 O’Connor M.C. The Art of Dying Well. The Developmnet of the Ars moriendi. New York, 1966

Further optional readings will be suggested during the course.

Week 4. (a). The “Great schism” of the XVIth century: why Reformation in Europe? What is Catholic Reform? What is confessionalization (Konfessionalisierung)? – Lecture.

Mandatory readings:

Brady Th. A. Emergence and Consolidation of Protestantism in the Holy Roman Empire to 1600 // The Cambridge History of Christianity. Vol. VI. Reform and Expansion, 1500 - 1660. Edited by R. Po-Chia Hsia. Cambridge University Press, 2007. P. 20 – 36, 603- 606 (bibliography) Schilling H. Confessionalisation and the Rise of Religious and Cultural Frontiers in Early Modern Europe // Frontiers of Faith. Religious Exchange and the Constitution of Religious Identities, 1400-1750. Ed. by E. Andor and I.G. Toth. Budapest: Central European University, 2001. P.21-36

Optional readings: Deventer J. “Confessionalization” – a Useful Theoretical Concept for the Study of Religion, Politics, and Society in Early Modern East-Central Europe? // European Review of History, 11 (2004), № 3. P. 403-425. Reinhard W., Reformation, Counter-Reformation and the Early Modern State. A Reassessment //Catholic Historical Review, 75 (1989). P. 383-404 Schilling H. Confessional Europe //Handbook of European History in the late Middle Ages, Renaissance, and Reformation, 1400-1600. Bd. 2. / Ed. by Th. Brady, H. Oberman, J. Tracy. Leiden, 1995 Schilling H. Religion, Political Culture and the Emergence of Early Modern Society. Essays in German and Dutch History. Leiden: Brill, 1992

Further optional readings will be suggested during the course.

(b). From theology to ethics? From ethics to ethos? From the protestant ethos to capitalism? – Seminar

Mandatory readings: Weber M. The Protestant Sects and the Spirit of Capitalism // Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. Translated, edited and with an Introduction by H.H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills. London, Boston etc.: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1985 (first ed. – 1948). P. 302- 322 Bushkovitch P. Religion and Society in Russia. The 16th and 17th Centuries. New York - Oxford, 1992 («The Landholding Class and Its Religious World», p. 32-49)

Optional readings: Bogucka M. The Lost World of the “Sarmatians”. Custom as the Regulator of Polish Social Life in Early Modern Times. Warszawa, 1996. Chapter 2 (Social Structures and Custom), chapter 11 (“Sarmatian Eschatology, “Sarmatian” Sensibility). P. 19-35,181 - 199 Kaiser D.H. Quotidian Orthodoxy. Domestic Life in Early Modern Russia // Orthodox Russia. Belief and Practice under the . Ed. by V. A. Kivelson and R. H. Greene. The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2003. P.179-192 Bushkovitch P. Cultural Change among the Russian , 1650-1680. New Sources and Old Problems // Von Moskau and St. Petersburg. Das russische Reich im 17. Jahrhundert. Hrsg von H.-J. Torke. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2000 (=FOG. Bd. 56). P. 91-112

Further optional readings will be suggested during the course.

Week 5.

(a). Catholic priest (XVth – through XVIth centuries): preacher, teacher, miles Christi. - Lecture

Mandatory readings: Bireley R. Redefining Catholicism: Trent and beyond // The Cambridge History of Christianity. Vol. VI. Reform and Expansion, 1500 -1660. Edited by R. Po-Chia Hsia. Cambridge University Press, 2007. P. 145 – 161, 630-632 (bibliography) Barnes A. The Social Transformation of the French Parish Clergy, 1500 -1800 // Culture and Identity in Early Modern Europe (1500 -1800). Essays in Honor of Natalie Zemon Davis. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1993. P. 139-157

Optional readings: Ditchfield S. Tridentine worship and the cult of saints// The Cambridge History of Christianity. Vol. VI. Reform and Expansion, 1500 -1660 / Ed. by R. Po-Chia Hsia. Cambridge University Press, 2007. P. 201-226, 640-643 Kloczowski J. A History of Polish Christianity. Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 127-163 (Chapter 5, “Post-Tridentine Catholicism and Polish Baroque”). Wislicz T. Shepherds of the Catholic Flock: Polish Parochial Clergy, Popular Religion, and the Reception of the Council of Trent // Gelehrte Geistlichkeit – geistliche Gelehrte. Beitraege zur Geschichte des Buergertums in der Fruehneuzeit. Ed. by Luise Schorn- Schuette. Berlin: Duncker and Humblot, 2012 (Historische Forschungen, 97). P. 25-52 Tazbir J. Culture of the Baroque in Poland // East-Central Europe in Transition. From the 14th to the 17th century. Ed. by A. Maczak, H. Samsonowicz and P. Burke. Cambridge-Paris, 1985. P. 167-180 Bell D. Culture and Religion //Old Regime France. Ed. by W. Doyle. Oxford University Press, 2001 (=The Short Oxford History of France). P. 78-104

Further optional readings will be suggested during the course.

(b). Religion, state, and politics in France, in Poland-, XVIth – XVIIth centuries. – Seminar.

Mandatory readings: The Henrician Articles (Pacta Conventa), 1574 // Polish Democratic Thought from the Renaissance to the Great Emigration: Essays and Documents. Columbia University Press, 1990 (East European Monographs). P. 143-146 Swann J. The State and Political Culture //Old Regime France. Ed. by W. Doyle. Oxford University Press, 2001 (=The Short Oxford History of France). P. 139-168 A.M. Fredro’s Defense of the Liberum Veto, 1660 // Polish Democratic Thought from the Renaissance to the Great Emigration: Essays and Documents. Columbia University Press, 1990 (East European Monographs). P. 157-162.

Optional readings: Wyczanski A. The Problem of Authority in 16th-century Poland: an essay in reinterpretation // A Republic of Nobles. Studies in Polish History to 1864. Ed. By J.K. Fedorowicz. Cambridge University Press, 1982. P. 91-108 Frost R. “Liberty without Licence?” The Failure of Polish Democratic Thought in the 17th Century // Polish Democratic Thought from the Renaissance to the Great Emigration: Essays and Documents. Columbia University Press, 1990 (East European Monographs). P. 29-54. Evans R.J.W. The Polish-Lithuanian Monarchy in International Context //The Polish- Lithuanian Monarchy in European Context, c. 1500-1795. New York: Palgrave, 2001. P. 25-38 Mousnier R. The Institutions of France under the Absolute Monarchy. 1598-1789. Vol. 2. The Organs of State and Society. Trans. by B. Pearce. Chicago-London: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1979. Chapter 15. The State. P. 645-677 Olszewski H. The Power and the Downfall of the Polish Parliament // Changes in Two Baltic Countries. Poland and Sweden in the XVIIth Century. Poznan, 1990. P.113-124 Collins J.B. The State in Early Modern France. Cambridge University Press, 1996. P. 79-124 (3. Louis XIV and the Creation of the Modern State)

Further optional readings will be suggested during the course.

Week 6: (a) Church, religion and politics in the Muscovite stardom, XVth – XVIIth centuries. – Seminar.

Mandatory readings: Ivan Peresvetov's recommendations, 1547 // A Source Book for Russian History. Vol. 1 / / Ed. by G. Vernadsky and R. Fisher. New-Haven, 1972. P.161-164 Joseph of Volokolamsk on obedience to secular rulers; S. von Herberstein on Muscovy, 1553 // A source Book for Russian History from Early Time to 1917. Vol. 1 / Ed. by G. Vernadsky and R. Fisher. New-Haven, 1972, pp. 155, 156-157. Andrey Kurbsky’s first epistle to Ivan IV and Ivan’s reply // Readings in Russian Civilization. Vol. 1 / Ed. by T. Riha. Chicago, 1964. P. 92-95 Kivelson V. Muscovite “Citizenship”: Rights without Freedom // The Journal of Modern History 74 (September 2002). P. 465-489

Optional readings: Pelensky J. Muscovite Russia and Poland-Lithuania, 1450-1600: State and Society - Some Comparisons in Socio-Political Developments // State and Society in Europe from the 15th to the 18th century. Ed. by J. Pelenski. Warsaw, 1981. P. 83-106 Crummey R.O. Seventeenth-Century Russia: Theories and Models // Von Moskau and St. Petersburg. Das russische Reich im 17. Jahrhundert. Hrsg von H.-J. Torke. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2000 (=FOG. Bd. 56). P.113-132 Wojcik Z. Poland and Russia in the XVIIth Century: Problems of Internal Development // State and Society in Europe from the 15th to the 18th century. Ed. by J. Pelenski. Warsaw, 1981. P. 125-140 Kivelson V. A. Muscovite Political Culture in Principle and Practice, 1600- 1648 // Kivelson V. Autocracy in the Provinces: the Muscovite Gentry and Political Culture in the XVIIth century. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996. P. 210-240

Further optional readings will be suggested during the course.

(b). From politics back to theology? Impact of two Christian traditions upon late medieval and early modern “political mind” in Christian Europe. – Seminar.

Mandatory readings: Agapetus’ «Exposition of Heads of Advice and Counsel» to emperor Justinian // Social and Political Thought in Byzantium. From Justinian I to the Last Palaeologus / Trans. by E. Barker. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1957, P. 55-63 Benz E. The Eastern Orthodox Church: its Thought and Life. New-York, 1963 (The Political Ideas of Orthodoxy; the political ideas of the Augustinian tradition, p. 163-174)

Optional readings: Kantorowicz E. The King’s two bodies. A study in Mediaeval Political Theology. Princeton, 1957 Magoulias H. Byzantine Christianity: emperor, church and the West. Detroit,1982 Monotheistic Kingship. The Medieval Variants. Ed. by A. Al-Azmeh, J. M. Bak. Budapest: CEUP, 2004 Runciman S. The Byzantine Theocracy. Cambridge, 1977 Bogatyrev S. The Sovereigh and His Counsellors. Ritualised Consultations in Muscovite Political Culture, 1350s -1570s. Helsinki, 2000 Crummey R. O. Aristocrats and Servitors. The Elite in Russia, 1613-1689. Princeton University Press, 1983 Cherniavsky M. as Renaissance // Slavic Review, 27 (1968). June. P. 195 – 211. Cherniavsky M. and People: Studies in Russian Myths. New York: Random House,1969 Hunt P. Ivan Iv’s Personal Mythology of Kingship // Slavic Review 52 (1993), № 4. P. 774-809. Keep J. The Muscovite Elite and the Approach to Pluralism // Slavonic and East European Review, 48 (1970). P. 201-231 Kollmann N. Sh. Kinship and Politics. The Making of the Muscovite Political System, 1345 – 1547 Stanford University Press, 1987. Lehtovirta, J. Ivan IV as emperor: the imperial theme in the establishment of Muscovite tsardom, Turku, 1999 Ostrowski D. Byzantine political thought and Muscovy // Ostrowski D. Muscovy and the Mongols. Cross-cultural Influences on the Steppe Frontier, 1304-1589. Cambridge University Press, 1998. P. 199-218 Poe M. The Truth about Muscovy // Kritika 3(3), Summer 2002, p. 473-486 Rowland D. Did Muscovite Literary Ideology Place Limits on the Power of the Tsar (1540-1660s)? // Russian Review, 49(1990). P. 125-155 Valerie Kivelson: Merciful Father, Impersonal State: Russian Autocracy in Comparative Perspective // Modern Asian Studies 31, (1997). No. 3. P. 635-663. Perrie, Maureen: Pretenders and Popular Monarchism in Early Modern Russia: The False Tsars of the Time of Troubles. Cambridge 1995

Further optional readings will be suggested during the course.

Week 7: (a) Religious tolerance in Poland and France, XVIth – XVIth centuries. – Lecture.

Mandatory readings: The General Confederation of Warsaw, 1573 // Polish Democratic Thought from the Renaissance to the Great Emigration: Essays and Documents. Columbia University Press, 1990 (=East European Monographs). Tazbir J. A State Without Stakes, Polish Religious Toleration in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. Warsaw-New York, 1973. P. 9-15 (“Introduction”), 61-73 (chapter 4, The « Jewel of Religious Freedom ») Benedict Ph. Un roi, une loi, deux fois: parameters for the history of Catholic-Reformed co-existence in France, 1555-1685 Tolerance and Intolerance in the European Reformation /Ed. by O.P. Crell and R. Scribner. Cambridge, 1996, 49-93

Optional readings: Freedom and the Construction of Europe. Vol.1. Religious Freedom and Civil Liberty. Ed. By Q. Skinner and M. van Gelderen. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2013 Panek, Jaroslav. The question of tolerance in Bohemia and Moravia in the age of the Reformation" // Tolerance and Intolerance in European Reformation / Grell and O.P., Scribner B., eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 1996. pp. 231-248. Oberman Heiko A. The travail of tolerance: containing chaos in early modern Europe // Tolerance and intolerance in the European Reformation. Cambridge, Cambridge University press,1996 Zagorin P. How the Idea of Religious Toleration Came to the West. Princeton University Press. 2004

Further optional readings will be suggested during the course.

(b) From tolerance to exclusion. Why – intolerance in France, in Poland, in the West, XVIth- XVIIth century? – Seminar.

Mandatory readings: Dunn R.S. The Age of Religious Wars. 1559-1715. New York-London: W.W. Norton, 1978. P. 31-41 Davis N.Z. Society and Culture in Early Modern France. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1975 (p. 152 -187, “The Rites of Violence”). Tazbir J. A State Without Stakes. Polish Religious Toleration in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. Warsaw-New York, 1973. P.182-197 (Chapter XII. The End of an Era)

Optional readings: Bethencourt F. The Inquisition and Religious Frontiers in Europe // Frontiers of Faith. Religious Exchange and the Constitution of Religious Identities, 1400-1750. Ed. by E. Andor and I.G. Toth. Budapest: Central European University, 2001. P. 167-176 Beyond the Persecuting Society: Religious Toleration Before the Enlightenment // Ed. By J. Ch. Laursen and C. J. Nederman. Philadelphia, 1998 Buc Ph. Holy War, Martyrdom, and Terror: Christianity, Violence, and the West. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania University Press 2015. Moore R.I. The Formation of a Persecuting Society. Power and Deviance in Western Europe, 950-1250. New-York: Basil Blackwell, 1987

Further optional readings will be suggested during the course.

Week 8:

(a). Orthodox and Latin Christianity facing Islam in the early modern period. Puzzle of religious toleration “à la moscovite”. – Lecture.

Mandatory readings: Khodarkovsky M. The Conversion of Non-Christians in Early Modern Russia // Of Religion and Empire. Missions, Conversion, and Tolerance in Tsarist Russia. Ed. by R. P. Geraci and M. Khodarkovsky. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2001. P. 115-144. Dmitriev M. Muslims in Muscovy (XVth through XVIIth centuries): integration or exclusion? // Religious Minorities, Integration and the State / Ed. by J. Tolan, I. Jablonka, N. Jaspert, J.-Ph. Schreiber. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2015. P. 69-82. Kappeler A. Czarist Policy toward the Muslims of the Russian Empire // Muslim Communities Reemerge: Historical Perspectives on Nationality, Politics, and Opposition in the Former Soviet Union and Yugoslavia. Edited by Andreas Kappeler, Gerhard Simon, Georg Brunner and Edward Allworth. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 1994. P. 141–156.

Optional readings: Akbari S.C. The Rhetoric of Antichrist in Western Lives of Muhammad // The Journal of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations 8 (1997): 297-307 Allaire G. Noble Saracen or Muslim Enemy? The Changing Image of the Saracen in Late Medieval Italian Literature // Western Views of Islam in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Perception of Other. Ed. By D. R. Blanks and M. Frassetto. New York: St. Martin Press, 1999. P. 173-184 Bisaha N. Creating East and West. Renaissance Humanists and the Ottoman Turks. Philadelhia: Univ of Penn. Press, 2004. Bisaha N. “New Barbarian” or Worthy Adversary? Humanist Constructs of the Ottoman Turks in 15th-Century Italy // Western Views of Islam in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Perception of Other. Ed. By D. R. Blanks and M. Frassetto. New York: St. Martin Press, 1999. P. 185-206 Blanks D.R. Western Views of Islam in the Premodern Period: A Brief History of Past Approaches // Western Views of Islam in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Perception of Other. Ed. By D. R. Blanks and M. Frassetto. New York: St. Martin Press, 1999. P. 11-54 Daniel Norman . Islam and the West: The making of an Image. Edinburgh, University Press, 1960 Lewis B. Islam and the West. Oxford UP, 1993 Matar N. Islam in Britain, 1558-1685. Cambridge University Press, 1998 Schwoebel R. The Shadow of the Crescent. The Renaissance Image of the Turk (1453- 1517). New York: Nieuwkoop, 1967 Southern, Richard William. Western Views on Islam in the Middle Ages. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1962 Tolan John Victor. Sons of Ishmael: Muslims through European Eyes in the Middle Ages. Gainesville,University Press of Florida, 2008 Western Views of Islam in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Perception of Other. Ed. By D. R. Blanks and M. Frassetto. New York: St. Martin Press, 1999

Further optional readings will be suggested during the course.

(b) Orthodox-Catholic Encounter of 1595/96 (the Church Union of Brest) as an “East-West” cultural misunderstanding. - Seminar

Mandatory readings: Articles for Which We Need Guarantees… // Gudziak B. A. Crisis and Reform. The Kyivan Metropolinate, the Patriarchate of Constantinople, and the Genesis of the Union of Brest. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998 (Harvard Series on Ukrainian Studies). Appendix 3. P. 265-272 Gudziak B. A. Crisis and Reform. The Kyivan Metropolinate, the Patriarchate of Constantinople, and the Genesis of the Union of Brest. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998 (Harvard Series on Ukrainian Studies), p. 209-244 (Chapter «The Kyivan Hierarchy, the Brest Synods, and Union with Rome»)

Optional readings: Frick D.A. Meletij Smotryckyj. Cambridge, 1995 Gudziak B. A. Crisis and Reform. The Kyivan Metropolinate, the Patriarchate of Constantinople, and the Genesis of the Union of Brest. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998 (Harvard Series on Ukrainian Studies) Halecki O. From Florence to Brest (1439-1596). Hamden 1968. Hryniewicz W. The Florentine Union: Reception and Rejection. Some Reflections on Unionist Tendencies among Ruthenians // Christian Unity. The Council of Florence, 1438/39 - 1989. Ed. by A. Alberigo. Leuven 1991. P. 521-554 Isaievych Ia. Voluntary Brotherhood. Confraternities of Laymen in Early Modern . Edmonton-Toronto: CIUS, 2006 Krajcar J. Jesuits and the Genesis of the Union of Brest // Orientalia Christiana periodica, 31 (1978). P. 131-153. Medlin W.K. Cultural Crisis in Orthodox Rus’ in the Late 16th and Early 17th Centuries as a problem of Sociocultural change // The Religious World of Russian Culture. Russia and Orthodoxy. Vol. 2. Essays in Honor of G. Florovsky. Ed/ by A. Blane. Mouton, 1975. P. 173-188 Plokhy S. The Cossacks and Religion in Early Modern Ukraine. Oxford University Press, 2001. P. 176-191 («A War of Religion») Moncak I. Florentine Ecumenism in the Kyivan Church. Rome, 1987. On the Frontier of Latin Europe. Integration and Segregation in Red Ruthenia. Ed. by Th.Wuensch and A. Janeczek. Warsaw, 2004 Sysyn F.E. Between Poland and the Ukraine. The Dilemma of Adam Kysil, 1600- 1653.Cambridge, 1985

Further optional readings will be suggested during the course.

Week 9. (a). Social discipline (Sozialdisziplinierung) and the “well-ordered police state” (Polizeistaat): two forcoes which made the West different? – Lecture.

Mandatory readings: Po-chia Hsia R. Social discipline // The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation. Vol. 4. P. 70-76 Lotz-Heumann U. Imposing church and social discipline // The Cambridge History of Christianity. Vol. VI. Reform and Expansion, 1500 -1660 / Ed. by R. Po-Chia Hsia. Cambridge University Press, 2007. P. 244 – 260, 649-656 (bibliography) Raeff M. The Role of the Well-Ordered Police State in the Development of Modernity in 17th and 18th-Century Europe: An Attempt at a Comparative approach // Raeff M. Political Ideas and Institutions in Imperial Russia. West View Press, 1994. P. 309-333

Optional readings: Addy J. Sin and Society in the Seventeenth Century. London, 1989 Walzer M. The Revolution of the Saints. A Study in the Origins of Radical Politics. London, 1965 Hill C. Society and Puritanism in pre-Revolutionary England. London, 1964 Hunt G. L., McNeill J. T., eds. Calvinism and the Political Order. Philadelphia, 1965 Po-chia Hsia R. Social Discipline in the Reformation: Central Europe 1550-1750. London/New York, 1989 Trevor-Roper H.R., Religion, the Reformation and Social Changes. London, 1967

Further optional readings will be suggested during the course.

Bibliography (for orientation):

Recommended basic textbooks:

The West: Blockmans W., Hoppenbrouwers P. Introduction to Medieval Europe, 300–1500. Second Edition. London-New York: Routhledge, 2014 (parts dealing with religion).

Russia: Riasanovsky N.V. A History of Russia. New-York, 1993 (fifth ed.; or any other ed. (parts dealing with religion).

Poland, Lithuania, Ukraine, ’: Davies N. God’s Playground: A History of Poland. Vol. 1-2. New York. 1982 Subtelny O. Ukraine. A History. Second edition. Toronto, 1994 (there is an Ukrainian translation).

France: Old Regime France. Ed. by W. Doyle. Oxford University Press, 2001 (=The Short Oxford History of France). Collins J.B. The State in Early Modern France. Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Additionnaly: (a) eventual basic readings: Benz E. The Eastern Orthodox Church: its Thought and Life. New-York, 1963 Bossy J. Christianity in the West, 1400-1700. Oxford, 1987 The Cambridge History of Christianity. Vol. V. Christianity in Western Europe / Ed. by M. Rubin and W. Simon. Cambridge University Press, 2006 The Cambridge History of Christianity. Vol. VI. Reform and Expansion, 1500 -1660 / Ed. by R. Po-Chia Hsia. Cambridge University Press, 2007. Southern R.W. Western Society and the Church in the Middle Ages. London,1970.

(b) eventual additional basic readings: Bauman M., Klauber M.I. Historians of the Christian Tradition. Thought, Methodology and Influence. Nashville, 1995 Bushkovitch P. Religion and Society in Russia. The 16th and 17th Centuries. New York - Oxford, 1992 Eastern Orthodox Theology. A Contemporary reader. Ed. by D.B. Clendenin. Baker Books, 1995 Fedotov G.P.The Russian Religious Mind. Vol. 1. Kievan Christianity. The Tenth to the Thirteenth Centuries. Vol.2. The Middle Ages. The Thirteenth to the Fifteenth Centuries. Cambridge, 1966 Fennell J. A History of the Russian Church to 1448. London, 1995 Geanakoplos D. J. Byzantine East and Latin West: Two Worlds of Christendom in Middle Ages and Renaissance. Studies in Ecclesiastical and Cultural History. Oxford, 1966 Meyendorff J. Byzantine Theology. Historical Trends and Doctrinal Themes. New York: Fordham University Press, 1974 Meyendorff J. Rome, Constantinople. Moscow. Historical and Theological Studies. St Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 1996 Religion and Culture in Early Modern Russia and Ukraine. DeKalb: Northern Illinois Univeristy Press, 1997 Senyk S. A History of the Church in Ukraine. Volume 1. To the End of the Thirteenth Century. Roma: Pontifico Istituto Orientale, 1993 Sherrard Ph. The Greek East and the Latin West. A study in the Christian Tradition. London, 1959 Uspensky B.A. The Schism and Cultural Conflict in the Seventeenth Century // Seeking God. The Recovery of Religious Identity in Orthodox Russia, Ukraine, and Georgia. Ed. by St.K. Batalden. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1993 p. 106-143

Topics for term papers: one of topics treated in our course (from our syllabus).

Some sources available in English (there are much more):

Medieval and Early Modern Russia Baron S.H., ed. and trans. The Travels of Olearius in 17th Century Russia. Stanford, 1967 Bussov Conrad. The Disturbed State of the Russian Realm. Trans. and ed. by G. Edward Orchard. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1994. The Correspondence between Prince A.M. Kurbsky and Tsar Ivan IV of Russia, 1564-1579. Ed. by J.L.I. Fenell. Cambridge, 1955 Dmytryshyn B. Medieval Russia. A Source Book, 900 -1700. New York, 1967 Fletcher G. Of the Rus Commonwealth. Ed. by A. Schmidt. New York, 1966 Hellie R., ed. Readings for introduction to Russian Civilisation. Muscovite society. New-York, 1967 Herberstein S v. Description of Muscovy and Moscow. Ed. by B.Picar. London, 1969 Inikova S. Doukhobor Incantation Through the Centuries. Trans. and ed. by K. Tarasoff. New York: Legas, 1999 [Kurbsky A. ]. Prince A.M. Kurbsky's History of Ivan IV. Ed. by J.L.I. Fenell. Cambridge, 1965 Margeret J. The Russian Empire and grand Duchy of Muscovy: A 17th Century French Account. Pittsburgh, 1983 A Treasury of Russian spirituality. Ed. by G.P. Fedotov. New York, 1948 Tsar Ivan IV's Reply to Jan Rokita. Ed. by V.A. Tumins. The Hague,1971 Vernadsky G., Fisher R.T., eds. A source Book for Russian History from Early Time to 1917. Vol. 1-3. New-Haven, 1972. Wilson F. ed. Muscovy: Russia through Foreign Eyes, 1553-1900. New- Haven, 1971. **** This course relies, in part, on the results of a large international research program «Impact of Orthodox and Western Christianity upon Societies.A Comparative Historical Approach».

The central problem underlying this international research program, launched in 1993 by Maison des sciences de l’Homme (Paris), University Paris I Panthéon- Sorbonne, Moscow University and Russian Academy of Sciences, may be summarized as follows: how did the confessional peculiarities of two major Christian traditions are related to differences in the historical evolution of societies in the regions dominated, in the Middle Ages and Early Modern period by Orthodox and Western Christianity? The project is specific in two respects: a) it aims to make a specifically comparative analysis; b) it aims to compare the impact of two Christian traditions upon societies. Program coordinators: M. DMITRIEV (Moscow); N. LEMAITRE (Paris, emerita); S. BRUNET (Montpellier).

Main sponsoring institutions in 1993-2018: in Russia: Center for Ukrainian and Belorussian Studies, Moscow Lomonossov University (since 1993); Russian Academy of Sciences ( since 1993); Laboratory for Medieval Studies at the History Department of the Higher School of Economics, Moscow (since 2012); in France: Maison des sciences de l'homme (Paris), since 1993, University Paris-I Panthéon-Sorbonne, since 1993; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (Paris, section des sciences philologiques et historiques; section des sciences religieuses), in 1993-2006; University Paris-IV Sorbonne (Centre d’études juives,1997-2004) ; Centre Franco-Russe en sciences humaines et sociales ( operating in Moscow), since 2004; University Paul-Valéry Montpellier III, since 2004; University of Maine, 2009-2011; in Poland: University of Wroclaw, 1994-2003; in Canada: University of Alberta (Canada), 1997-2000; in Germany: Institut für europäische Geschichte, Mainz, in 1999-2002; in Hungary: Central European University: research grant program (2004-2006); Pasts, Inc. Center for Historical Studies, (2008); OSI/HESP, 2008-2011.

Books published: Moines et monastères dans les sociétés de rite grec et latin. Études publiées par J.-L. Lemaitre, M. Dmitriev et P. Gonneau. Genève: Librairie Droz, 1996 (in French and English). Fonctions sociales et politiques du culte des saints dans les sociétés de rite grec et latin au Moyen Age et à l’époque moderne. Approche comparative. Sous la dir. de M. Derwich et M. Dmitriev. Wroclaw: LARHCOR, 1999 (in French, German and English). Les Chrétiens et les Juifs dans les sociétés de rite grec et latin, Moyen Âge - XXe siècle. Approche comparative. Sous la dir. de M. Dmitriev et D. Tollet. Paris: Honoré Champion, 2003 (in French and English). La frontière entre les chrétientés grecque et latine au XVIIème siècle. De la Lithuanie à l’Ukraine subcarpathique (= XVIIème siècle, 2003, N 3, Juillet-Septembre 2003, 55ème année) (in French). Être catholique, être orthodoxe, être protestant. Confessions et identités culturelles en Europe médiévale et moderne. Etudes réunies et publiées par Marek Derwich et Mikhaïl V. Dmitriev. Wroclaw: LARHCOR, 2003 (in French and English). Religious and ethnic traditions in shaping national identities in Europe. The Middle Ages et ethnicité dans la formation des identités nationales en Europe. Moyen Âge – Modern Period. Ed. by Mikhaïl V. Dmitriev. M.: INDRIK, 2008 (in Russian); Christians and Jews in the Orthodox Societies of Europe. Moyen Âge – Modern Period. Ed. by Mikhaïl V. Dmitriev. M.: INDRIK, 2011 (in Russian); Comparative Studies of Religious Traditions. Russia, Eastern Europe, Post- Soviet Space. Ed. by D.I. Polyvianny. Ivanovo: Ivanovo University Press, 2010 (in Russian); Religious Traditions of Europe and Recent History: Studies and Teaching in Universities in Russia and Abroad. Ed. by D.I. Polyvianny. Ivanovo: Ivanovo University Press, 2011 (in Russian); Confessiones et nationes. Discours identitaires nationaux dans les cultures chrétiennes. Moyen Âge – XXe siècle. Sous la dir. de M. Dmitriev et D. Tollet. Paris : Honoré Champion éditeur, 2014 (in French and English). Besides, dozens of articles have been published.