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HENDRICKSII'e, a NEW SPECIES of MICA Cr.Rrronp Fnontpr ,Lwo Juw

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HENDRICKSII'e, a NEW SPECIES of MICA Cr.Rrronp Fnontpr ,Lwo Juw THE AMERICAN MINERAI,OGIST, VOL. 51, JULY, 1966 . HENDRICKSII'E, A NEW SPECIES OF MICA Cr.rrronp FnoNtpr ,lwo Juw ho, Departmentof Geologi.cal Sciences, H arvar d U niver s,ity, Cambrid ge, M ass achus etts.r AssrR.{cr Hendricksite is a new speciesof trioctahedral mica, representing the Zn member oi the group. It occurs abundantly at Franklin, N. J, where it has earlier been called biotite or manganophvllite, as rough crystals and anhedral plates up to a foot in size. Trvo complete and seven partial analysesare given. The studied material representsa solid solution extending from slightly zincian and manganoan varieties of phlogopite up to material in which the octahedral positions are occupied by Zn 50 and Mn 40 in atomic per cent ivith the balance Mg, Fe2+ and Fe3+ Ba is generally present in the interlayer positions to the extent of 0.6 to 1 6 weight per cent BaO. Synthetic micas of the end,compositions KZnr(SLAI)Oro(OH)z and KMn:(SirAl)Or6(OH)2 were prepared by the hydrothermal crys tallization of stoichiometric gels at 3500 and 2000 bars to 6500 and 3000 bars. Hendricksite varies in color from coppery,-red to reddish black The indices of refraction and the specific gravity are very high for a mica, with 7 ttp to 1.697 and specific gravity to 3.4 The interplanar spacings also are relatively large as compared to those of biotite. The gamma refractive inder and d (060) decrease in a roughly linear manner with decreasing content ol Zn or (Znf Mn) in the octahedral positions. The intensitl. ratio, I(004)/I(00.5), decreaseswith increasing content of Mg. Most of the material representsthe 1M polytype. A few examples of the 2Mr and 3T polytypes and of unidentified polytypes and interstratifications, in part random, were recognized The optic plane usually has the normal position parallel (010) in the 1M poly- types, but in a feu'instances it is perpendicular (010), In the 2M1 polytypes the orientation also is abnormal, parallel (010). Hendricksite occurs in the skarn zones at Franklin associated chiefly with andradite, rhodonite, bustamite, barium feldspars, axinite, vesuvianite, hancockite, hardystonite, members of the aegirine-augite to augite series, members of the diopside-hedenbergite johannsenite series, and cummingtonite Most of the skarn silicates contain both Zn and Mn in solid solution and the crystallochemical distribution of these elements is described. The name hendricksite is proposed in honor of Dr. Sterling B. Hendricks, American crystallographer and chemist, who with M. E. Jefierson in 1938 first recognized anci de- scribed polymorphism in the micas. With regard to nomenclature, it is suggested that all trioctahedral micas in which more than two-thirds of the occupied octahedral positions are Mg be called phlogopite. When the Mg content falls below this limit, the nomenclature is to be determined by the divalent cation other than Mg that is dominant in atomic per cent. INrnorucrron The so-calledskarn zonesfound locally in the orebod)' at Frankiin, New Jersey, were characterizedby the development of large amounts of rhodonite, andradite, and a dark coppery brown to bronzy black mica that looks like biotite. The mica has not been analvzed hitherto, but testsreported by Chester(1894) and by Palache(1937) indicated that it contained a considerableamount of manganese.It has been generally re- 1 Mineralogical Contribution No. 422. 1107 1108 C. FROND]'LAND J. ITO ferred to in the literature and by collectorsof Franklin minerals as manganophvllite,in the senseof a manganoanvariety of biotite or phlo- gopite, or as biotite. A semi-quantitativeexamination by r-ray fluores- cenceof numerousspecimens, selected from the Harvard collectionon the basisof variation in color and in indicesof refraction,revealed that they contain variable and often quite large amounts not onlv of rnanga- nesebut alsoof zinc. This material is describedbeyond. Cnourc,qr, ColrposruoN Of the nine specimenswhich by preliminar\r exam'nation showed a large range in composition,two were analyzedcompletely and sevenlor the chief trioctrahedralcations only (Table l).Znwas found to rangeup to 22.97weight per cent ZnO, and in six specimenswas the dominant di- valent cation. The number of ions calculatedon the basisof 12 (O, OH, F) are listed in Table 2, togetherwith measur:ementsof the gamma index of refraction,the specificgravity and the d-spacingsof certain planes. The analvzed material representsa solid solution extending from phlogopite of essentiallv the end-composition to material containing Zn and lln as the dominant trioctahedralcations. The bulk of the mica in the skarn zonesat Franklin falls in the range of analvses1 to 4, as indi- Tagr,e 1. Crmlncal ANar,vsns ol Hrlnnrcr<srrr SiOr 31 58 31 68 AlzOr 13.72 12.48 TiOz o32 012 FezOr 225 485 4.8 FeO 0.3 0.3 0.34 0.69 1.2 0.2 3 7 5.10 1.2; ZnO 21.6 22.1 22.97 2t.40 23.2 16.8 12.2 t2.0 0.27 MnO 15.3 13.6 12 28 13 38 11 9 110 4.8 5.3 0.02 MsO 18 3.3 3.69 176 3 5 67 134 13.6 27 3 BaO 14 0.65 0.91 IJ 1.5 NarO 0.24 0.23 KrO 7.9r 8.37 HrO+ 3.65 3.45 HzO- I- 0.45 0.10 Total 99 76 99.88 F:0 0.19 0 04 Total 99 57 99.84 Analysesby Jun lto, 1965. HF:,NDRICKSITE, A NEW ],IICA Taer-e 2. CouposrrroN eNo PnopnnuBs ol HrNonrcrstrn Si 2.664 2.727 AI 1.336 1 266 4 000 3.993 AI .019 Ti{+ 041 .008 Fe3+ n.d nd, 143 .314 30 n d. n d. n.d, n.d. Fe2+ .03 02 024 050 .08 02 25 34 08 Mg 45 .464 226 .42 .91 1 66 1 60 2 91. ryrn t22 105 878 1, 012 81 .88 .34 .36 001 Zt I .50 148 I 431 1 360 1.39 1 17 i5 .70 01 300 300 3 000 2 970 300 300 300 300 300 K .852 .920 Na .040 .038 Ba 02r .031 .913 989 o 10 10 OH 198 199 F -02 01 Zn/Mn 123 141 1 63 1-3,t 133 220 1. 94 ,r(Na) r.697 1 692 1 686 1 686 1 682 | 674 !.644 1 625 1.583 d(060) 1.5s64 1 5546 1 5540 1 554 I 5554 1.5502 1 5128 15.17 15J0 d(004) 2 544 2.542 2 541, 2-5+6 2 546 2 536 2 519 2..504 2 488 d(005) 2.036 2 O34 2 033 2 034 2 0s6 2 030 2 015 2 006 1 989 r(oo4)/I(oos) 4.3 4 3 3.7 4 0 6.2 28 13 12 .36 d(200) 2651, 2648 2 640 2 652 2 651 2 638 2 627 2 623 2 602 s G, 3.41 343 340 328 311 3 17 2 86 Polytype 2M 1M 2M 1M lM 3'I' 1M 1M 1X{ cated by the optical properties,and containsfrom 45 to 50 atomic per celt Z\ in the octahedralpositions. The remaining octahedralpositions are mostly occupiedb1. Mnz+, with the balance Mg, Fe2+,and Fe3+.In all samplesZn predominatesover Mn, with the Zn/Mn atomic ratio varing from 1.23to 2.2.The range of compositionis shown graphicallyin Fig. 1. The arbitrary calculation of these partial analysesto a total of three cations involves a small error. The partial analysesreported are for the divalent trioctahedral cations only, and do not include psa+ (with one exception)or octahedrallycoordinated Al. The possibility that the octahedralpositions are not wholly occupied,as is often the casein tri- octahedralmicas, also is excluded. The amount of Fe3+present is comparableto that commonly found in biotite and phlogopite. Ba is present, however, in relativelv large amounts in the interlayer psitions. Muscovite containing 9.89 per cent BaO has been already describedfrom Franklin (Bauer and Berman, 1933).Both it and hendricksiteoccur in associationwith barium feldspar. The high content of Zn and of Mn place this material in a new fleld 1110 C. FRONI)ELAND J ITO (iAg, ll ro Fe)or @- Mn Frc. 1. Composition of hendricksite and of manganoan phlogopite (manganophyllite). Numbers 1-9 correspond to analyses 1-9 in Tables 1 and 2. 10. Kaso mine, Japan. Recalcu- lated from mixture Yoshimura (1939). 11. Harstig mine, Sweden.Mn3 in part assignedto (Si, Al). Jakob (1925). 12. Langban, Sweden.Mn3 in part assignedto (Si, Al). Jakob (1925). 13. Chikla, Bhandara district, India. Bilgrami (1956). of composition for the micas in general.The largest amount of Zn hither- to reported in any mica is 1.84 per cent, in the barian muscovite men- tioned above. A ferroan lepidoiite (cryophyllite) from pegmatite con- tains about 0.4 per cer't ZnO (Foster and Evans, 1962). The most closely related zinc mineral is sauconite, the Zn analogue of saponite in the montmorillonite group (Ross, 1946).Trioctahedral micas containing considerableamounts of Mn2+ are already known and have been termed manganophvllite. The reported analyses, excluding the the apparently erroneous original analysis of Igelstrom (I872), are of rnanganoan phlogopite and range up to a maximum of approximately 26 atomic per cent I{n2+ in the octahedralposition (Fig. 1). The mica describedhere contains much more Mn2+ than this (with 40 atomic per cent n{n2+ in the material of analysis 1) but as noted, Zn always is in excess of Mn. A search was made for Franklin sDecimenswith Mn)Zn but without success. NolrBNcrarune The natural trioctahedral micas hitherto known compose a chemical systenrin which the dominant divalent ions in the octahedrallaver are IIENDRICKSIT,D.
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