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Stated Meeting 1893.1 SEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 75 single day-might, in his long experience, with every possibility be depended on. SECTIONOF ASTROXOMYAND PHYSICS. Professor REESin the chair. The secretary read a paper by Mr. Herman S. naris, Fellow in Astronomy at Col‘umbia Col- lege, entitled “ Sote on Bessel’s determination of thc relative parallaxes of p and fl Cassiopei:e.” Mr. naris had re-reduced the observations of right ascension difference of the two stars made by Bessel in the years 1814 to 1816, and printed in Engel- inanii’s “Abhandlnngen ron F. W. Ijesscl,” vol. 2, p. 215. Em- ploying the duwers, proper motions of the two stnrs and introducing into the Besselian equations a term to allow for dif- ferential proper motion, Mr. Davis arrives at the value : Parallax of p relative to t) Cassiopeiz =+0. ”02 5 Off 24. Where Bessel had obtained -- 0 “.12 5 Off .29. It will be seen that the new reduction diminishes materially the probable error of the result, in spite of the fact that the in- troduction of the proper motion term into the parallax equa- tions has lessened the weight of the determination of the parallax itself. Mr. Davis’ result is in very close though perhaps acci- dental accord with that derived from Mr. Rutherfiird’s photo- graphic measures, which was + 0” .04 (Annals N. Y. Academy, rol. viii., 11. 11). Professor William Hallock read a paper on ‘’ The Theory of Geysers,” in which he described his researches upon the geysers of the Yellowstone Park, and explained their action. A glass model geyser mas exhibited, in which the internal arrangement and action was plainly shown. Steam was supplied to the model from a small copper boiler, and it reproduced very suc- cessfully the remarkably regular periodical eruptions which in nature are cawed by the supply of steam from the interior heated strata of the earth. STATEDMEETING. November 20th, 1893. Vice-President OSBORNin the chair, and twenty persons present. The following paper was read by title : 76 TRANSACTIOSS OF THE [so\.. 20, ‘‘ The Ore-Deposits at Franklin Furnace and Ogdensburg, New Jersey.” BY J. F. KEVP. 13 I BLIOGRAPIIT. ildc1ition:il references 011 the inincrals will be found at tlie close of the imper. 1mport:mt papers are marked Rec. i. e. recommended. 4’. Alger. On the Zinc Mines of Franklin, Sussex Co., N. J., Amer. Jour. Sci. i. XLYIII. 252, 1848, Rec. Bemis and Woolson. Uiipublished thesis presented to the School of Mines Faculty, New Tork, 1885.* Berthier. Describes and iiames Franklinite, Annales des Mines, Vol. IV., 1819. N. L. Britton. Annual Report of the State Geologist, N. J., 1886, p. 89. An excellent cross-section of RIiiie Hill is given. A Bruce. On red oxide of Zinc, etc. Bruce‘s Amer. Jour. of Mineralogy, i. 9G, 1810. G. H. Cook. On the probable age of the white limestone at the Sussex and Franklin Zinc Mines, Amer. Jour. Sci., 11,. XXXII. 208. G. H. Cook. Geology of New Jersey, GG9, 1868, with map, Rec. H. Creduer. On the Franklinite Beds, Berg-u. Ilutt. Zeitung, 18GG, 18GF, 29; 1871, 369, Rec. B. Ii. Emerson. On the Dykes of Micaceoiis Diabase. penetrating the bed of Zinc Ore at Franklin Furnace, Sussex Co., N. J., Amer. Jour. Sci., May 1882, 3TG. Aug. F. Foerste. New fossil localities in the early Paleozoics of Penn., N. J. and Vt., etc. Amer. Jonr. Sci.,iii., XLVI., 433. Discusses the local stratigraphy with a map. S. Fowler. An account of tho Sapphire aud other minerals in Newton Township, Sussex Co., N. J., Amer. Jour. Sci. i. XSI., 319. S. Fowler. An account of some new and extraordinary minerals discovered in Warwick, Orange Co., N. P. (also many notes on Frank- lin), Amer. Jour. Sci. i. IX., 242. Gibbs. Alger refers to a paper by Gibbs, which has not been found by J. F. Ii. C. T. Jackson. Description of Franklinite and the Extraction of Iron, Proc. Bost. SOC.Nat. Hist., pp. 2‘33 and 308, 1853. C. T. Jackson. On Allanite from Franklin, Amer. Assoc. Sci., 1830, 323. See also Eakle, this volume, Nov. 25. TV. H. Iieating and L. Vanuxem. Geology and Mineralogy of Frank- lin in Sussex Co., N. J., Jour., Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci, II., 277, 1822, Rec. See also under Vanuxem. W. H. Iieating. Account of Jeffersonite, etc. dour. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., II., 194, 1822. On Dysluite idem, p. 287. J. F. Kemp. Ore Deposits of the United States.-+. 173-1893. ~~ ~ ~ *In the removal of the library of the late Professor Newberry in 1691 this thesis was mislaid and has not been as yet twnd. It was, howeve;, read 6y J. F. Kemp and the substance is here mentioned. 1893.1 NEW YORK ACADEXY OF SCIESCES. 77 F. L. Nason. Annual Report of the State Geologist of New Jersey. -18!)0, p. 25. Ainer. VII. 241, V111. 166 Amer. Jour. Sci., iii, XSXIS., 407-1890. Rec. Papers relate especially to the stratigraphy. T. Suttall. Geological and JIineralogical Remarks on the llincra!s of Patcrson and on the Valley of Sparta. S(w Tork Medical and Phys- ical Jonrnal, April, Nay and June, 1832. Anier. Jour. Sci., i., V. 239- 1822. Itkc. J. Pierce. Geology, JIincralogy, Scenery, &c., of thc IIighlands of Ncw Yolk and New .Jersey. Amer. dour. Sci., i., V. 26-1822, especi- ally 1'. 30. Joseph C. Platt, Jr. The Franklinite and Zinc Litigation concern- ing the Deposits of JIinc Hill at Franklin Furnace, Sussex, Co., N. J. Trans. hmer. Inst. Min. Eng., V. 380, 1676-77. S. Robinson. Catalogue of American Minerals.-Boston 18%-1G2 and 153. 11. D. Rogers. Geology of New Jersey, 1840, 63-71, with a list of minerals by Dr. S. Fowler. Rec. C. U. Yhepard. Mineralogy of Orange, N. Y., and Sussex N. J. Amer. Jour. Sci., i., SSI. 333. B. Silliman. Niscellaneous notices in Mineralogy and Geology, re- fers to franklinite as " shot ore " and to yellow blende. Amer. Jour. Sci., i., V. 39, 1822. G. C. Stone. Analyses of Franklinite and some associated niinerals (2 anals. Zincite, 4 of Franklinite. 5 of Willemite, 1 of Tephroite), Sch. of Mines Quarterly, VIII., 148, 1887. G. Troost. Observations on the Zinc Ores of Franklin and Sterling, Sussex Co., N. J. Jour. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci, IV., 220, 1824. L. Vannxem. On a new Locality of Automolite, .Jour. Phila. Acad. Sci , ii. 249, 1822. See also under Keating. J. D. Whitney. Metallic Wealth of the United States, p. 348, 1854. GENERALGEOGRAPHY. The zinc mines at Ogdensburgli and Franklin Furnace, N. J., are in the northwestern part of the State, in the valley of the Walkill River, a small stream. They are about forty miles in a direct line from New York City, but are sixty miles by rail, and on a latitude some twenty-five miles north. The New York State line is twelve or fifteen miles north of them. Three rail- ways pass through Franklin-the New York. Susquehanna and Western ; the Susses Railway, a branch of the Delaware, Lacka- wanna and Western; and the Lehigh and Hudson. Ogdens- burgh is two miles south 20° west from Franklin. The mines at Ogdensburgh are on the eastern slope of a hill, known as Stirling Hill; while those at Franklin are on the western and northwestern crest of another which is called Mine Hill. These names are often used by writers instead of the names of the towns. Stirling Hill is a portion of the ridge called the Pimple Hills. The valley of the Walkill is spoken of by the older writers as the valley of Sparta. 78 TRARSACTIOXS OF THE [KOV. 20, HISTORY. The outcroppings of tlicse great ore bodics must have been early noticed. It is recorded by -ilgcr that at Franklin the portion of the bed or vein that was rich in zincite and willemite projected originally as a slight ridge, because of its greater rc- sistnnce to erosion as compared with the neighboring franklinite. The discovery of tlie ore doubtless, tlicrcforc, datw back to tlie early settlenient of the valley. Even to this day the few crop pings that remain seem unfavorable to vegetation. The first mining that I find recorded was (lone by Lord Stirling, after whom Stirling Hill was named, and whose career, before the Revolutionary wnr, in which he was a general on the American side, was closely identified with the iron industry of New Jersey. He resided at Baskenridge, N. J., froin 1774-1776 *and devoted his time to these iron developments. He acquired the title to the Stirling Hill, and dug some test pits on the ore, thinking that the red zincite was cuprite. Large trees had grown on the clumps in 1544 (Alger) and in the 70 years of interval nothing further seems to have been clone. It was somewhat different at Franklin, because small bodies of magnetite are found near the franklinite aid the latter itself was taken for an iron ore. A furnace was erected at least early in the present century, for Nuttall, writing in 1822, refers to it as a well established works and mentions the salamanders that were formed by the frank- linite and the trouble that ensued. It is not surprising that dealing with a new and hitherto unknown mineral which looked exactly like magnetite. these primitive fiirnace men, without the help of chemistry, got into difficulties. All of Mine Hill and indeed much of the valley to the north belonged to Dr. Samuel Fowler of Franklin, whose name is attnched to the mineral Fowlerite. Regarding zinc, nothing very serious was done unt,il after 1840, and then for ten years or so various enterprises were more or less unsuccessful.
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