Cultural Realms of the Modern World Activity 2 - Label Realms Figure 2.4

2-1 Chapter 2

Roots and Meaning of Culture Components of Culture Interaction of People and Environment Roots of Culture Seeds of Change Culture Hearths The Structure of Culture Culture Change Contact between Regions What is Culture?

• Regional differences that are the essence of Human Geography • Culture can be visible and invisible • What are the different elements of culture? Definition of Culture

• Culture is the specialized behavioral social patterns, understandings, adaptations, and social systems that summarize a group of people’s learned way of life. Culture Displays a Social Structure • Framework of roles and interrelationships of individuals and groups. • Individuals learn and adhere to the rules not only of the culture but of specific subcultures to which he/she belongs. Components (structure) of Culture • Culture Traits Small • Culture Complex • Culture Region • Culture Realm Large • Globalization Culture Traits

• Smallest item of culture-building block of culture. • Learned behavior ranging from language spoken to tools to games. • They can be objects, techniques, beliefs, or attitudes. Culture Complex

• Individual cultural traits that are functionally interrelated.

• Examples include: religious complexes, business behavior complexes, sports complexes. Culture Regions

• Culture traits and complexes have areal (spatial) extent. • Used to show the spatial extent of similar cultural areas. • Examples - Cajun Region http://www.louisianamuseums.org/trail/images/map/map_cajun.gif Culture Realm • Cultural regions showing similar complexes and landscapes are grouped to form a larger area.

Cultural Realms of the Modern World Activity 2 - Label Realms Figure 2.4 Activity 3 - McDonald’s Menu

2-1 Structure of Culture

Two schools - different terms similar ideas Two Schools of Thought to Structure Culture

• Leslie White • Julian Huxley • Ideological subsystem • Mentifacts - – Ideas beliefs and knowledge of a culture – what we ought to and the ways these believe, value and how ideas are expressed in we should act speech or other forms of communication.

Mythology, theology, legend, literature, philosophy, language, and religion. White Huxley

• Technological • Artifacts subsystem • Material objects, together • Material objects, together with the techniques of with the techniques of their use. Tools and their use. Tools and weapons. weapons.

White Huxley

• Sociological subsystem • Sociofacts • Sum of those accepted and expected patterns of • Defines the social interpersonal relations that organization of culture. find their outlet in • Dictates our social economic, political, behavior. military, religious, kinship and other associations.

Family is best example in our society Identify each of the following pictures as artifact, sociofact or mentifact - briefly explain your reasons. It is possible for elements of the pictures to represent a combination of categories.

1. 2. Catholic School Uniform

3. 4. Cultural Landscape - Carl Sauer Read the passage and draw a graphic illustrating the main ideas of the passage and the relationships between the ideas.

• “The cultural landscape is fashioned from a natural landscape by a cultural group. Culture is the agent, the natural area is the medium, the cultural landscape is the result. Under the influence of a given culture, itself changing through time, the landscape undergoes development, passing through phases, and probably reaching ultimately the end of its cycle of development. With the introduction of a different -that is an alien- culture, a rejuvenation of the cultural sets in, or a new landscape is superimposed on remnants of an older one.” Sample Cultural Landscape Graphic • Acculturation: the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture • Built environment: • The part of the physical landscape that represents material culture, including buildings, roads, bridges, etc. • Cultural convergence: he tendency for cultures to become more alike as they increasingly share technology and organizational structures in a modern world united by improved transportation and communication. • Environmental determinism: A nineteenth- and early twentieth-century approach to the study of geography that argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities. • Environmental perception: The concept that people of different cultures will differently observe and interpret their environment and make different decisions about its nature, potentialities and use.

Mentifacts

• The central, enduring elements of a culture expressing its values and beliefs, including language, religion, folklore, etc. artifacts

• the material manifestations of culture, including tools, housing, systems of land use, clothing, etc. sociofacts

• The institutions and links between individuals and groups that unite a culture, including family structure and political, educational and religious institutions.