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Automotive Technologies in Japan AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN JAPAN Solutions for Greater Safety, Improved Environmental Performance and Increased User Convenience Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc. INTRODUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS Since its introduction more than a century ago, the automobile I. OVERVIEW OF AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGIES CURRENTLY IN APPLICATION IN JAPAN ……………………………1 has been in a state of continuous development in response to Timeline for the Introduction in Japan of Automotive Technologies for Greater Safety, society’s needs and expectations. It continues to evolve today in Improved Environmental Performance and Increased User Convenience (1993-2008) ………………………………………………………1 Automotive Technologies Currently in Application (In-Vehicle View) …………………………………………………………………………3 line with contemporary requirements, not only as a vital element in global economic activity as a means of commercial and II. TECHNOLOGIES FOR GREATER SAFETY ………………………………………………………………………………………………………5 A. Active Safety Technologies passenger transport, but also as a means of enhancing people’s 1. Driver Assist Technologies …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………5 lives. Electronic Stability Control (ESC) / Driver Inattention Warning / Tire Pressure Monitoring / Adaptive Cruise Control / Lane Deviation Warning & Lane-Keeping Assist As a result of its constant evolution, the automobile is today a 2. Visibility-Improving Technologies …………………………………………………………………………………………………………7 comfortable and convenient means of transportation that offers Adaptive Front-Lighting System (AFS) / Automatic Levelling / Night Vision Monitoring / greater safety than ever before and significantly reduced Vehicle Perimeter Monitoring / Blind-Corner Monitoring 3. Brake Technologies …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………8 environmental impact, in addition to highly improved Collision-Mitigation Braking System / Brake Assist / Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) operational performance. B. Passive Safety Technologies 1. Occupant Protection Technologies …………………………………………………………………………………………………………9 Particularly in the areas of safety, environmental performance Active Head Restraint / SRS Side Airbag / SRS Curtain Airbag / Seatbelt Technology (Seatbelt and user convenience, major progress has been made thanks to Pretensioner, Seatbelt Force Limiter, Pre-Crash Seatbelt) / Vehicle Compatibility / ISOFIX Anchorage 2. Pedestrian Protection Technology ………………………………………………………………………………………………………11 breakthroughs in vehicle-based electronic technologies, engine Pedestrian Protection Vehicle Design / Automatic Pop-Up Hood technologies and in the information and communication III. TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVED ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE ……………………………………………………12 technologies that underpin ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems). 1. Technologies to Reduce Exhaust Emissions ……………………………………………………………………………………………12 Advanced and expanded applications are expected in the future. Catalyst Technology (Gasoline Engines, Diesel Engines: Urea-SCR, NOX Catalytic Converters) / EGR / DPFs / Fuel Injection Technology (Common-Rail Fuel Injection) The purpose of this booklet is to introduce and explain these 2. Technologies to Increase Fuel Efficiency…………………………………………………………………………………………………15 state-of-the-art technologies, focusing on those which are High-Efficiency Engine Technologies (In-Cylinder Direct Injection Engine, Variable Valve Timing) / Technologies to Reduce Power Loss currently in application in Japan. Developments or applications (Reduction of Engine Friction Loss, Electric Power Steering) / Reduction of Aerodynamic Drag / Reduction of Rolling Resistance / Reduction of Vehicle Weight / Technologies to Improve Powertrain Performance (CVT, Automated Manual Transmission) / Idling anticipated for the near future are discussed or referred to Prevention briefly. 3. Alternative-Energy /Next-Generation Vehicles …………………………………………………………………………………………18 Hybrid Vehicles / Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles / Fuel Cell Vehicles / Electric Vehicles / Hydrogen Vehicles / We hope this publication will increase the general Natural Gas Vehicles / Clean Diesel Vehicles / Diesel-Alternative LPG Vehicles understanding of readers in regard to contemporary automotive 4. Other Alternative Fuels ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………21 technologies and their advancement and application by the CTL/GTL Fuels / Biodiesel Fuel / DME / Bioethanol Japanese automobile industry. IV. HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES ……………………………………………………………………………………………22 Front & Rear Underrun Protection / Speed Limiters / Digital Tachographs / Rollover Mitigation Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc. (JAMA) V. MOTORCYCLE TECHNOLOGIES ………………………………………………………………………………………………………23 March 2008* Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) / Dual Combined Braking System / Motorcycle Airbags VI. TECHNOLOGIES FOR INCREASED USER CONVENIENCE ………………………………………………………………………24 Park Assist / Automatic Closing / Smart Keys / Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) / Smart Highway Toll Stations / *Publication date of original text (in Japanese; English version published November 2009) HELPNET TM (Emergency Call System) / Vehicle Information and Communication System (VICS) VII. DRIVING THE AUTOMOTIVE FUTURE ………………………………………………………………………………………………27 ASV Technologies / ITS Technologies / Advanced Car Navigation Systems / Telematics I. OVERVIEW OF AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGIES CURRENTLY IN APPLICATION IN JAPAN ■ Timeline for the Introduction in Japan of Automotive Technologies for Greater Safety, Improved Environmental Performance and Increased User Convenience (1993-2008) 19931994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 -SRS (Supplemental Restraint -Impact-absorbing vehicle body/ -Adaptive front-lighting system -Automatic pop-up hood System) rear-seat airbags High-strength cabin (AFS) -Vehicle perimeter monitoring -Electronic brake-force distribution -Active drive assist (ADA) using -Active limited slip differential -Adaptive cruise control -Pre-crash seatbelts (retracting on -Electronic stability control (ESC) (EBD) stereo image recognition (LSD) -Low-tire-pressure warning automatic emergency braking) -Motorcycle airbags -Inter-vehicle distance warning -Impact-sensing auto door unlock -Collision-mitigation braking system -SRS curtain airbags -Motorcycle anti-lock braking -Active head restraints system (ABS) -Lane deviation warning -Night vision monitoring -Preview control of hydraulic active -Right-and-left power -Navigator-based gearshift control -Run-flat tires -Rollover mitigation (large vehicles) suspension distribution (ATs only) -Lane-keeping assist -Speed limiters (large vehicles) -Discharge headlamps -Pedestrian protection vehicle design -SRS side airbags -Four-bag air suspension Technologies for Greater Safety Greater for Technologies (large vehicles) -Idling prevention for passenger cars -Fuel cell hybrid large buses -Natural gas (CNG) hybrid buses -Fuel cell mini-vehicles -BHD (biodiesel) hybrid buses -Electronically-controlled fuel injection -Mirror cycle engine -Common-rail fuel injection -Hybrid passenger cars -Variable-cylinder engine -Fuel cell vehicles -Synthetic diesel-fuelled for motor-driven cycles -Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) -Fuel cell vehicles [development] -Ultra-wide low-profile single tires [type approval] experimental vehicle (50cc engines) (large vehicles) -Idling prevention for motorcycles -Trucks with CNG engines -Series hybrid buses -Hybrid electric vehicles -Nickel-metal hydride battery- -Natural gas mini-vehicles -NOX-reducing urea-selective -Eight-speed automatic -High-pressure, variable-rate operated electric vehicles -Continuously variable catalytic reduction (SCR) transmission (AT) injection -Lithium-ion battery-operated transmission (CVT) for -Capacitor hybrid trucks for diesel vehicles -Automated manual transmission -NOX-reducing three-way catalyst electric vehicles large-capacity engines Technologies for Improved for Technologies -Pressure-accumulating diesel -Digital tachographs (large -Fuel cell motorcycles (AMT) for motorcycles Environmental Performance Environmental -In-cylinder direct-injection engine hybrid buses vehicles) -Hybrid motor-driven cycles -Idling prevention for large vehicles -Expanded ICT* applications in car navigation -Smart highway toll stations *ICT=Information & communication -Bird’s-eye-view car navigation -HDD-operated car navigation -In-vehicle terrestrial digital tuner (for ETC users exclusively) technologies [launch of wide-scale operation] -Electronic toll collection (ETC) [trial launch] -Vehicle Information and User Convenience User -HELPNET TM (emergency call -Smart keys Communication System -GPS navigation for motorcycles system) -Park assist (VICS)-compatible car navigation -ETC for motorcycles Technologies for Increased for Technologies 1 2 ■ Automotive Technologies Currently in Application (In-Vehicle View) Applications of technologies for greater safety, improved environmental performance and increased user convenience in currently in-use passenger cars are illustrated here. (Abbreviations are spelled out on pages 1-2.) ・Idling prevention ・Power window with jamming-prevention mechanism ・Lean-burn engine ・Water-repellent glass ・In-cylinder direct-injection engine ・HELPNET TM (emergency call system) ・UV-reducing glass ・Mirror cycle engine ・ICT applications in navigation system ・IR-reducing glass ・Twin camshaft ・Lane deviation warning/Lane-keeping assist ・Multi-valve engine ・Head-up display ・Driver inattention warning ・High-mount brake lamp ・Electronically-controlled fuel injection ・UV-reducing glass ・Night vision monitoring ・Emergency
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