Subalpine Dwarf Willow Shrub Communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski Gozd Plateau (NW and W Slovenia)

16/2 • 2017, 213–280 DOI: 10.1515/hacq-2017-0004

Phytosociological analysis of montane- subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w Slovenia)

Igor Dakskobler1 & Boštjan Surina1

Key words: phytosociology, Abstract synsystematics, Elyno-Seslerietea, By means of a phytosociological analysis of 72 relevés of montane-subalpine Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetea carneae, shrub communities with dominating Rhododendron hirsutum, Salix waldsteiniana, Betulo carpaticae-Alnetea viridis, S. glabra and S. appendiculata from the Julian Alps and the the Trnovski Julian Alps, Dinaric Alps, Trnovski Gozd Plateau and by comparing them with similar communities elsewhere Gozd Plateau, Snežnik Mts., in the Alps and the Dinaric Alps we described a new association Laserpitio Slovenia. peucedanoidis-Salicetum waldsteinianae, a new subassociation Rhododendretum hirsuti vaccinietosum myrtilli, two new subassociations of the association Ključne besede: fitocenologija, Dryado-Rhodothamnetum chamaecisti that had recently been described in the sinsistematika, Elyno-Seslerietea, Dolomites (-caricetosum firmae, -salicetosum waldsteinianae), as well as a new Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetea carneae, association Heliospermo pusillae-Rhododendretum hirsuti. We classified the glabrous Betulo carpaticae-Alnetea viridis, willow community in the study area into a new association Homogyno sylvestris- Julijske Alpe, Dinarsko gorstvo, Salicetum glabrae and proposed a new name – Rhododendro hirsuti-Salicetum Trnovski gozd, Snežniško pogorje, appendiculatae for the large-leaved willow community, which we subdivided into Slovenija. two geographical variants: var. geogr. Paederota lutea (Julian Alps, Trnovski Gozd Plateau) and var. geogr. Hypericum grisebachii (Liburnian Karst).

Izvleček S fitocenološko analizo 72 popisov gorsko-subalpinskih grmišč s prevladujočimi vrstami Rhododendron hirsutum, Salix waldsteiniana, S. glabra in S. appendiculata v Julijksih Alpah in Trnovskem gozdu in primerjavo s podobnimi združbami drugod v Alpah in v Dinarskem gorstvu smo opisali novo asociacijo Laserpitio peucedanoidis-Salicetum waldsteinianae, novo subasociacijo Rhododendretum hirsuti vaccinietosum myrtilli in dve novi subasociaciji asociacije Dryado-Rhodothamnetum chamaecisti, ki so jo nedavno opisali v Dolomitih (-caricetosum firmae, -salicetosum waldsteinianae), v Trnovskem gozdu pa novo asociacijo Heliospermo pusillae- Rhododendretum hirsuti. Združbo gole vrbe v raziskanem območju uvrščamo v novo asociacijo Homogyno sylvestris-Salicetum glabrae, za združbo velikolistne Received: 28. 2. 2017 vrbe pa predlagamo novo ime Rhododendro hirsuti-Salicetum appendiculatae in Revision received: 28. 4. 2017 jo členimo v dve geografski varianti: var. geogr. Paederota lutea (Julijske Alpe, Accepted: 5. 5. 2017 Trnovski gozd) in var. geogr. Hypericum grisebachii (Liburnijski kras).

1 Institute of Biology, Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Regional unit Tolmin, Brunov drevored 13, SI-5220 Tolmin and Biotechnical Faculty of the University in Ljubljana, Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Večna pot 83, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. E-mail: [email protected] 2 University of Primorska, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, Glagoljaška 8, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia and Natural History Museum Rijeka, Lorenzov prolaz 1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia. E-mail: [email protected]

213 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina 16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia)

classification and the same method as when we compared Introduction individual relevés. Until recently, communities of hairy alpenrose (Rhodo- The nomenclature source for the names of vascular dendron hirsutum) and Waldstein willow (Salix waldstein- plants are the Mala flora Slovenije (Martinčič et al. 2007) iana) in the Julian Alps were studied mainly by Zupančič and Flora alpina (Aeschimann et al. 2004a,b), and for & Žagar (2001) and Surina (2005a), while the role of mosses Martinčič (2003, 2011). Suppan et al. (2000) is the large-leaved willow (Salix appendiculata) was indirectly nomenclature source for the names of lichenicolous fungi discussed in descriptions of communities with domi- (lichens). Only the most frequent taxa were determined nating Alnus viridis (Dakskobler et al. 2013a), Rhamnus for mosses and lichens, some only to the rank of genus. fallax (Dakskobler et al. 2013b) and Sorbus aucuparia For the names of syntaxa we follow Grabherr et al. (1993), (Dakskobler 2016). Subalpine shrub communities with Theurillat (2004), Karner (2007a), Šilc & Čarni (2012), E. dominating Juniperus alpina and Rhododendron hirsutum Pignatti & S. Pignatti (2014) and Mucina et al. (2016). In in the Southeastern Alps (Poldini et al. 2004) and in the the classification of species into phytosociological groups northwestern part of the Dinaric Alps (Surina 2013), on (groups of diagnostic species) we mainly refer to the Flora the other hand, have been thoroughly studied. The stud- alpina (Aeschimann et al. 2004a,b). The geographic coor- ied communities usually overgrow specific sites (shady dinates of relevés are determined according to the Slove- slopes with persistent snow cover, stony depressions, gul- nian geographic coordinate system D 48 (5th zone) on the lies, hollows and limestone pavements). Very often they Bessel ellipsoid and with Gauss-Krüger projection. are long-term successional stages on screes or rockfalls. Most of the relevés discussed in this article were made Compared to the dominating forms of shrub vegetation in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski Gozd Plateau (Di- in the subalpine belt of the Southeastern Alps (dwarf naric Alps). The geological bedrock in the study area is pine, green alder stands) they do not overgrow large areas, mainly calcareous, limestone, dolomite limestone or but their ecological role is similar and important, both dolomite (Buser 2009). The studied communities occur in terms of their protective and biotope function. Over on initial soils (lithosols) or rendzina with raw or moder the last 15 years we have collected a lot of relevé material. humus (Lovrenčak 1998, Vidic et al. 2015). The climate We arranged the collected relevés into a phytosociological is montane, humid, with mean annual precipitation of table, mutually compared them and classified the estab- (2,000) 2,500 to 3,000 mm (Zupančič 1998) and mean lished communities into a syntaxonomic system. annual air temperature of (-1) 0 to +2 ºC (Cegnar 1998). As the studied communities overgrow mainly shady slopes and hollows their stands are frequently covered with snow Methods for several months. Subalpine shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski Gozd Plateau were studied applying the Braun-Blanquet method (Braun-Blanquet 1964). A total Results and discussion of 72 relevés (12 of which had already been published – 11 relevés by Surina 2005a and one by T. Wraber 1980) were Review of the syntaxa, with types entered into the FloVegSi database (Fauna, Flora, Vegeta- of newly described communities tion and Paleovegetation of Slovenia) of the Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology at SRC SASA (Seliškar et al. 2003). Elyno-Seslerietea Br.-Bl. 1948 The phytosociological relevés were arranged into a working Seslerietalia coeruleae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926 table based on hierarchical classification.W e transformed Caricion firmae Gams 1936 the combined cover-abundance values with numerical val- Dryado-Rhodothamnetum chamaecisti E. Pignatti, ues (1–9) according to van der Maarel (1979). Numerical Pignatti et Gerdol in E. Pignatti et Pignatti 2014 comparisons were performed with the SYN-TAX 2000 - caricetosum firmae subass. nov. hoc loco, the no- program package (Podani 2001). The relevés were com- menclature type, holotypus, is relevé 8 in Table 1. pared by means of “(unweighted) average linkage method” - salicetosum waldsteinianae subass. nov., the no- – UPGMA, using Wishart’s similarity ratio. menclature type, holotypus, is relevé 16 in Table 1 In the first step we used the numerical analyses as the Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetea carneae Schubert et al. 2001 basis on which we formed floristically homogeneous Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetalia carneae Grabherr, Gre- groups of relevés that were subsequently compared, using imler et Mucina 1993 the same methodology, with similar communities in the Ericion carneae Rübel ex Grabherr, Greimler et Eastern Alps and the Dinaric Alps, also using hierarchical Mucina 1993

214 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina 16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia)

Rhodothamno chamaecisti-Juniperetum alpini Pol- Subalpine dwarf shrubs with dini, Oriolo et Francescato 2004 Rhododendro hirsuti-Juniperetum alpinae Horvat ex dominating Rhododendron Horvat et al. 1974 hirsutum and Rhodothamnus Rhododendretum hirsuti Lüdi 1921 vaccinietosum chamaecistus myrtilli subass. nov., the nomenclature type, holo-

typus, is relevé 27 in Table 1 0.9 Heliospermo pusillae-Rhododendretum hirsuti ass. 0.85 0.8 nov. hoc loco, the nomenclature type, holotypus, is 0.75 relevé 2 in Table 4 0.7 0.65 Homogyno sylvestris-Salicetum glabrae ass. nov. hoc 0.6 0.55 loco, the nomenclature type, holotypus, is relevé 7 0.5 in Table 4 0.45 0.4

Betulo carpaticae-Alnetea viridis Rejmánek in Huml et al. 1979 Dissimilarity 0.35 Alnetalia viridis Rübel ex Huml et al. 1979 0.3 0.25 Alnion viridis Schnyder 1930 0.2 0.15 Aceri-Salicetum appendiculatae Oberdorfer 1957 0.1 Salicetum waldsteinianae Beger ex Oberdorfer 1978 0.05 0 Salicetum glabrae Smettan ex Eggensberger 1994 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABBBBBBBBBBCCCCCCCCCCCCCCEEDDDDDEEEEEEEEEEEEEEFFFFFFF Laserpitio peucedanoidis-Salicetum waldsteinianae Figure 1: Dendrogram of relevés of montane-subalpine dwarf shrubs Zupančič et Žagar ex Dakskobler et Surina ass. with dominant Rhododendron hirsutum and Salix spp. in the Julian Alps nov. hoc loco, the nomenclature type, lectotypus, and the Trnovski Gozd Plateau (A – Dryado-Rhodothamnetum, B – Rho- is relevé 7 in Table 1 (Zupančič & Žagar 2001), dodendretum hirsuti vaccinietosum myrtilli, C – Laserpitio peucedanoidis- syn.: Salicetum waldstenianae Beger corr. Zupančič Salicetum waldsteinianae, D – Heliospermo pusillae-Rhododendretum hirsuti, E – Rhododendro hirsuti-Salicetum appendiculatae, F – Homogy- et Žagar 2001 var. geogr. Homogyne sylvestris no sylvestris-Salicetum glabrae) – UPGMA, 1– similarity ratio. Zupančič et Žagar 2001 Slika 1: Dendrogram popisov gorsko-subalpinskih grmišč s - typicum, the nomenclature type is the same as the prevladujočimi vrstami Rhododendron hirsutum in Salix spp. (A – Drya- nomenclature type of the association do-Rhodothamnetum, B – Rhododendretum hirsuti vaccinietosum myrtilli, C – Laserpitio peucedanoidis-Salicetum waldsteinianae, D – Heliospermo - saxifragetosum rotundifoliae subass. nov. hoc lo pusillae-Rhododendretum hirsuti, E – Rhododendro hirsuti-Salicetum co., the nomenclature type, holotypus, is relevé 2 appendiculatae, F – Homogyno sylvestris-Salicetum glabrae) – UPGMA, in Table 2 komplement Wishartovega koeficienta podobnosti. Laserpitio peucedanoidis-Salicetum waldsteinianae var. geogr. Hypericum grisebachii T. Wraber in 0.9 0.85 Dakskobler et Surina prov. (Hyperico grisebachii- 0.8 0.75 Salicetum waldsteinianae T. Wraber in Dakskobler 0.7 et Surina prov.) 0.65 0.6 Scabioso cinerei-Salicetum waldsteinianae Lakušić et 0.55 0.5 al. 1979 ex Dakskobler et Surina ass. nov. = Salice- 0.45 tum waldsteinianae (Pawl. et Lakušić 1966) Laku- 0.4

Dissimilarity 0.35 šić et al. 1979 nom. inv., the nomenclature type, 0.3 0.25 lectotypus hoc loco, is relevé 5 in Table 25 (Lakušić 0.2 0.15 et al. 1979). 0.1 0.05 The association Salicetum waldsteinianae (Pawl. et 0 Lakušić 1966) Lakušić et al. 1979 was invalidly pub- Sg-A RcJa RhJa DrRh Sw-A LpSw RhSa HoSg ScSw HpRh Rhvm Sg-Ba DrRhcf lished, violating the principles of ICPN (Weber et al. ApSaty ApSapa DrRhsw ApSaph 2000) in several articles (e.g. Art. 5, 10, 15–18, 46). LpSw-hs RhSa-Cr Rhododendro hirsuti-Salicetum appendiculatae Hor- Figure 2: Dendrogram of syntaxa with dominant Rhododendron hir- vat ex Horvat, Glavač et Ellenberg 1974, nom. sutum, Salix spp. and (or) Juniperus alpina in the Alps and the Dinaric nov. prop., the nomenclature type, neotypus hoc Alps (UPGMA, 1– similarity ratio). loco, is relevé 18 in Table 4 Slika 2: Dendrogram sintaksonov s prevladujočimi vrstami Rho- dodendron hirsutum, Salix spp. in (ali) Juniperus alpina v Alpah in - var. geogr. Paederota lutea Dinarskem gorstvu (UPGMA, komplement Wishartovega koeficienta - var. geogr. Hypericum grisebachii podobnosti).

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Legend to Figure 2: and a smaller cluster and those from the large cluster additionally into two subclusters. The stands in relevés DrRh Dryado-Rhodothamnetum chamaecisti, the Do- from the larger cluster (relevés 1– 20 in Table 1) occur on lomites (E. Pignatti & S. Pignatti, 2016, Asso gentle to very steep (5º– 40º) shady stony slopes (north- ciation Table 11.3) ern, northwestern, northeastern, only in one relevé on DrRhf Dryado-Rhodothamnetum chamaecisti cariceto- a southeastern aspect), at elevations between 1,440 and sum firmae,this article 2,100 m. They remain snow-covered for a large part of DrRhsw Dryado-Rhodothamnetum chamaecisti saliceto- the year. The parent material is limestone, dolomite, even sum waldsteinianae, this article talus; the soil is initial, lithosol or shallow rendzina with Rhvm Rhododendretum hirsuti vaccinietosum myrtilli, moder humus. The composition by groups of diagnostic this article species is shown in Table 6, Columns 2 and 3. Species of RcJa Rhodothamno chamaecisti-Juniperetum alpini (Pol subalpine-alpine grasslands from the class Elyno-Sesleri- dini et al. 2004, Table 4) etea occur alongside the dominating dwarf shrubs, Rho- LpSw Laserpitio peucedanoidis-Salicetum waldsteinia- dodendron hirsutum and Rhodothamnus chamaecistus. So nae, this article far (Surina 2005a, Table 25), similar stands have been LpSw-hs Salicetum waldsteinianae var. geogr. Homogyno classified into the association Rhododendretum hirsuti sylvestris = Laserpitio peucedanoidis-Salicetum Lüdi 1921, taking into account its description in Grab- waldsteinianae, the Julian Alps, the Karavanke herr et al. (1993: 436–437). Our synthetic table (Ta- (Zupančič & Žagar 2001, Table 1) ble 5) comprises also the species composition of the asso- Sw-A Salicetum waldsteinianae, Austria (Karner ciation Dryado-Rhodothamnetum chamaecisti, which was 2007b, Table 10, Column 7) described as new by Erika and Sandro Pignatti (2014: Sg-Ba Salicetum glabrae, NE Alps (Eggensberger, 455–457; 2016, Association Table 11.3, pages 319–320 1994, Table 27, Columns 27–33) and 428). Comparison of montane and subalpine-alpine Sg-A Salix glabra-community (prov.), Austria (Kar- shrub and hairy alpenrose communities from the Alps ner 2007b, Table 10, Column 8) and the Dinaric Alps (Figure 2) showed that our relevés RhSa Rhododendro hirsuti-Salicetum appendiculatae, from the first, large cluster group with the relevés from this article the Dolomites and that their mutual similarity, despite RhSa-Cr Salicetum appendiculatae (=Rhododendro hir certain different species distributed in a very limited area suti-Salicetum appendiculatae), Croatia (Horvat (endemics), is sufficient for us to classify them into the et al., 1974, Table 135, Column 4) same association. The Pignattis classified it into the -al ApSaty Aceri-Salicetum appendiculatae typicum, Aus- liance Caricion firmae and identified it as a permanent tria (Karner 2007b, Table 10, Column 6) stage without prospects for further succession. In terms HpRh Heliospermo pusillae-Rhododendretum hirsuti, of species composition its stands are connective with this article dwarf pine communities (Rhododendro hirsuti-Pinetum HoSg Homogyno sylvestris-Salicetum glabrae, this article mugo, Rhodothamno-Pinetum mugo) at their lower range RhJa Rhododendro hirsuti-Juniperetum alpinae, the boundary and with subalpine-alpine grasslands from the Dinaric Alps (Surina 2013, Table 2) alliances Caricion firmae and (or) Caricion austroalpinae ScSw Scabioso cinerei-Salicetum waldsteinianae, Bos- at their upper range boundary. The only character species nia and Herzegovina (Lakušić et al. 1979, Ta- mentioned by Pignattis are Rhodothamnus chamaecistus ble 25) and Dryas octopetala, although Rhododendron hirsutum ApSapa Aceri-Salicetum appendiculatae petasitetosum albi, occurs with equal frequency and mean coverage. They Austria (Karner 2007b, Table 10, Column 5) also listed two subunits, but did not typify or classify ApSaph Aceri-Salicetum appendiculatae petasitetosum hybri- them into a hierarchical system. The relevés of the first di, Austria (Karner 2007b, Table 10, Column 4) subunit grow at higher elevations between 1,600 and 2,000 m, and its differential species are from the order The relevés from the working table roughly grouped Seslerietalia: Sesleria caerulea, Carex firma, Aster bellidi- into three large clusters, the left additionally into two astrum, Biscutella laevigata and Bartsia alpina. In the subclusters and the right into three (Figure 1). The first second group they listed relevés from the elevation of group of relevés comprises dwarf shrub stands with around 1,500 m which demonstrate higher species di- dominating Rhododendron hirsutum and Rhodothamnus versity and comprise several more acidophilous species of chamaecistus, in places also Salix waldsteiniana. These rel- open coniferous forests. According to them, this subunit evés were arranged in Table 1.They grouped into a larger is characterised by Juniperus alpina, Homogyne alpina,

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Rubus saxatilis, Senecio abrotanifolius and Larix decidua. dominated by species of the class Elyno-Seslerietea and We determined the following diagnostic species for the their entire species composition still allows for them to be association Dryado-Rhodothamnetum chamaecisti in the classified into the association Dryado-Rhodothamnetum, Julian Alps: Rhodothamnus chamaecistus, Rhododendron which is corroborated also by Figure 2. hirsutum, Selaginella selaginoides, Valeriana saxatilis, The group of relevés with dominating Rhododendron Dryas octopetala, Pedicularis rostratocapitata, Tofieldia hirsutum in which Rhodothamnus chamaecistus occurs calyculata, Homogyne discolor, Saxifraga aizoides, Pin- only sporadically and with low mean coverage (relevés 21 guicula alpina and Salix retusa. These species are good to 30 in Table 1), cannot be classified into this associa- indicators of environmental conditions – stony shady tion (see also Figure 2). Salix waldsteiniana is particularly slopes in the subalpine and lower alpine belt with initial abundant in some of the relevés, although these stands soils. Localities of the stands of the association Dryado- did not group with the stands classified into its commu- Rhodothamnetum in Slovenia are indicated in Figure 3. nity. Species of classes Vaccinio-Piceetea, Betulo-Alnetea and Mulgedio-Aconitetea (Column 4 in Table 6) already 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 14° 15° 16° 91 dominate in terms of proportions. These relevés were 92 made on steep shady slopes in the elevation belt span- 93 ning 1,600 to 2,000 m. Ecological conditions are similar 94 to those in the previously described community, but soil 95 96 conditions are different (deeper, most and acidified soil, 97 moder rendzina) and allow for progressive development 98 towards a willow community. 99 46° 00 The entire species composition of these relevés, which 01 are transitional between the relevés of the stands of as- SLOVENIA 02 sociation Dryado-Rhodothamnetum and relevés of the 03 Dryado-Rhodo thamnetum stands of association Salicetum waldsteinianae s. lat., 04 05 0 30 km indicates that they are the most similar to the stands of association Rhodothamno-Juniperetum alpini that was de- Figure 3: Localities of the stands of the association Dryado-Rhodotha- scribed by Poldini et al. (2004) for the Carnic Alps. Its mnetum in Slovenia. diagnostic species are Juniperus alpina (J. sibirica), Rhodo- Slika 3: Nahajališča sestojev asociacije Dryado-Rhodothamnetum v dendron hirsutum, Sorbus chamaemespilus, Rhodothamnus Sloveniji. chamaecistus, Vaccinium myrtillus, V. vitis-idaea and Ho- mogyne alpina. They overgrow heavily karstified subalpine We described two subassociations. The stands of the plateaus. All diagnostic species of this association occur subassociation -caricetosum firmae (relevés 1 to 11 in Ta- also in the studied stands, but the species that gave the ble 1) partly correspond to the first subunit mentioned by community its name, Juniperus alpina and Rhodothamnus Erika and Sandro Pignatti (2014: 456). The differential chamaecistus, occur with a significantly lower frequency species are Carex firma, Sesleria sphaerocephala and Phyteu- and substantially lower mean coverage. The question is ma sieberi. The stands of this subassociation are the most whether our relevés, despite established floristic similar- similar to the original description of the association Dry- ity, can be classified into the community named after Al- ado-Rhodothamnetum and demonstrate a similarity and pine (dwarf) juniper (Juniperus alpina) if this species does contact with stony grasslands from the alliance Caricion not have an edifying role in them. This role unquestion- firmae. Most of them were made at elevations above 1,800 ably belongs to Rhododendron hirsutum and (partly) Salix m. The second subassociation (relevés 12 to 20 in Table 1) waldsteiniana. Ecological conditions are also slightly dif- was named -salicetosum waldsteinianae and its differential ferent. Our relevés occur on shady slopes, even talus and species are Salix waldsteiniana, Ranunculus carinthiacus, rarely on karstified plateaus. If we take into account the Anemone narcissiflora, Carex atrata and Viola biflora. They composition of the upper stand layer we should, for now, differentiate the group of relevés that partly resemble the opt for classification into the association Rhododendretum second subunit mentioned by Erika and Sandro Pignatti hirsuti (as described by Grabherr et al. 1993), new sub- (ibid.). They are distributed mainly in the subalpine belt association -vaccinietosum myrtilli. Its differential species (1,600 to 1,800 m), on slightly deeper and acidified soils. are Vaccinium myrtillus, Luzula sylvatica, Salix waldsteini- Although they comprise a higher proportion of diagnos- ana, Rosa pendulina, Sorbus chamaemespilus, Campanula tic species of classes Betulo-Alnetea, Mulgedio-Aconitetea scheuchzeri, Viola biflora and Festuca nigrescens. We also and Vaccinio-Piceetea (Column 3 in Table 6), they are still differentiate the variant with Empetrum hermaphroditum

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(its differential species include the taxon Rhododendron × ciation. This is supported also by the comparison whose intermedium) on promontories or ridges with raw humus. results are shown in Figure 2. Table 2 comprises 14 relevés Localities of the stands of the subassociation Rhododen- of this association from the Julian Alps. Diagnostic species dretum hirsuti vaccinietosum myrtilli in Slovenia are indi- of the new association are Salix waldsteiniana, Laserpitium cated in Figure 4. peucedanoides, Carex ferruginea, Astrantia bavarica, Salix glabra, Rhodiola rosea, Selaginella selaginoides, Aconitum 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 14° 15° 16° angustifolium, Homogyne sylvestris, Rhodothamnus chamae- 91 92 cistus, Pulsatilla alpina subsp. austroalpina and Hedysarum 93 hedysaroides. In terms of ecology the listed species charac- 94 terise the new association both as a shrub community on 95 96 shady stony slopes in the subalpine belt (between 1,300 97 and 1,900 m a.s.l.) with a persistent snow cover and as a 98 southeastern-Alpine community. We named it Laserpitio 99 46° peucedanoidis-Salicetum waldsteinianae, after a frequent 00 01 species of subalpine grasslands and open altimontane- SLOVENIA 02 subalpine forests of this area, Laserpitium peucedanoides. 03 Rhododendretum hirsuti We distinguish between two subassociations. Relevés 1 to 04 05 0 30 km 5 in Table 2 are classified into the subassociation -saxifragetosum rotundifoliae. Its differential species are Saxi- Figure 4: Localities of the stands of the subassociation Rhododendretum fraga rotundifolia, Primula elatior, Poa alpina and Phleum hirsuti vaccinietosum myrtilli in Slovenia. rhaeticum. They characterise a mesophilous, mature form Slika 4: Nahajališča sestojev sintaksona Rhododendretum hirsuti vacci- of the studied community on fresh rendzinas. For now, nietosum myrtilli v Sloveniji. we group the other relevés into two variants within the typical subassociation (-typicum). The variant with Sorbus Ass. Salicetum waldsteinianae chamaemespilus indicates mixed shrub communities with sporadic occurrence of Alnus viridis that demonstrate a s. lat. in the Slovenian Alps and certain similarity with the stands of the association Rho- the Snežnik Mts. dodendro hirsuti-Alnetum viridis. The stands of the variant with Hedysarum hedysaroides indicate the initial form Most of the relevés in the central relevé cluster in the ini- of the studied community on very shallow soils and are tial working table (Figure 1) are classified into the associa- syndynamically related to the stands of the association tion Salicetum waldsteinianae s. lat. They demonstrate a Saxifrago aizoidis-Caricetum ferrugineae. Localities of the similarity with two of our relevés in which, however, the stands of the association Laserpitio peucedanoidis-Salice- uppermost stand layer is dominated by Salix appendicu- tum waldsteinianae in Slovenia are indicated in Figure 5. lata, so they are classified into the association Rhododendro 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 hirsuti-Salicetum appendiculatae (Chapter 3.6). So far, the 14° 15° 16° 91 relevés of the association Salicetum waldsteinianae in the 92 Slovenian Alps have been published by T. Wraber (1980), 93 Zupančič & Žagar (2001) and Surina (2005a, Table 28). 94 These authors classified them into the geographical vari- 95 96 ant Salicetum waldsteinianae var. geogr. Homogyne sylves- 97 tris, which was determined in detail by Zupančič & Žagar 98 99 (ibid.). Despite similarities in their sites the relevés from 46° 00 the Southeastern Alps comprise numerous species that 01 SLOVENIA are absent from the stands of this association elsewhere 02 03 Laserpitio-Salicetum in the Alps (in Austria, northern Italy). Waldstein willow waldsteinianae stands in the Slovenian Alps are syndynamically related 04 05 0 30 km with stands of the association Saxifrago aizoidis-Caricetum ferrugineae, which might be a southeastern-Alpine form Figure 5: Localities of the stands of the association Laserpitio-Salicetum of the “macroassociation” Caricetum ferruginae s. lat., so it waldsteinianae in northwestern Slovenia. is reasonable to change the current rank of the geographi- Slika 5: Nahajališča sestojev asociacije Laserpitio-Salicetum waldsteini- cal variant Homogyne sylvestris to the rank of a new asso- anae v severozahodni Sloveniji.

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Stands of the association Salicetum waldsteinianae s. lat. and they are frequently syndynamically related with the were studied on Mt. Snežnik (NW Dinaric Alps, Libur- stands from the associations Hyperico grisebachii-Carice- nian Karst) as well, namely by late Tone Wraber (1997, tum ferrugineae, Doronico austriaci-Adenostyletum alliari- 2000) who, unfortunately, passed away before he pu- ae (Surina 2005b) and Hyperico grisebachii-Pinetum mugo blished the relevés. In his manuscript, which is kept in (Zupančič et al. 2004). Hypericum richeri subsp. griseba- Wraber's library at the Botanical Garden of the Universi- chii appeared to be a good differential species for the stan- ty of Ljubljana, we found four relevés arranged herein in ds from Mt. Snežnik. On the other hand, 61 out of 66 Table 3. Comparative analyses of similarities (Sørensen's species recorded in the stands dominated by Salix waldste- similarity index, 1948) between stands from the Julian iniana from Mt. Snežnik (Wraber, mscr.) occur in stands Alps (relevés in Table 2) and Mt. Snežnik demonstrated of the association Laserpitio-Salicetum waldsteinianae in a similarity of 40% (and a 36% similarity for the relevés the South-Eastern Alps as well (Appendix 1). The stands from Table 2 and additional ones published by Zupančič from Mt. Snežnik can therefore provisionally be classified and Žagar, 2001), which did not justify the classification either into the new geographical variant Laserpitio peu- of the stands from Mt. Snežnik into the association Laser- cedanoidis-Salicetum waldsteinianae var. geogr. Hypericum pitio-Salicetum waldsteinianae. The ecology of the stands grisebachii or into the new association Hyperico griseba- from Mt. Snežnik is somewhat different, and this is reflec- chii-Salicetum waldsteinianae. However, we would need ted in their species composition: they host a significantly more relevés for a proper description and typification of lower number of species from subalpine-alpine grasslands the new association.

Figure 6: Localities of stands of the association Heliospermo pusillae-Rhododendretum hirsuti on the Trnovski Gozd Plateau. Slika 6: Nahajališča sestojev asociacije Heliospermo-Rhododendretum hirsuti v Trnovskem gozdu.

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Association Heliospermo pusillae- Association Homogyno sylvestris- Rhododendretum hirsuti on the Salicetum glabrae in the southern Trnovski Gozd Plateau Julian Alps and on the Trnovski Gozd Plateau In our comparison of all relevés (Figure 1) the first five relevés in Table 4 grouped separately from the relevés The group of seven relevés with dominant Salix glabra of other determined communities and are therefore from the Julian Alps and the northern part of the Trnovs- classified into a new association Heliospermo pusillae- ki Gozd Plateau (relevés 6–12 in Table 4) clustered in the Rhododendretum hirsuti. Stands of the new association right side of the dendrogram with all relevés (Figure 1). are characterised by dominating Salix waldsteiniana and With their entire species composition these stands show a Rhododendron hirsutum in the shrub layer, but comprise certain similarity with the stands of associations Heliosper- also Salix glabra, S. appendiculata and Rhodothamnus mo-Rhododendretum hirsuti and Rhododendro hirsuti-Juni- chamaecistus. They occur in rocky frost hollows on the peretum alpinae (Figure 2), but their structure is unique. Trnovski Gozd Plateau at elevantions between 1,100 The upper stand layer is dominated by Salix glabra and and 1,400 m (Paradana, Kraljeva Kamra, under Sred- Rhododendron hirsutum, in certain places accompanied nji and Veliki Golak – Figure 6), where the snow cover, by Salix appendiculata. Salix waldsteiniana and Juniperus and consequently also very cold air among the rockfall alpina, however, were not recorded there. These stands material, persists long into the summer. Stands of the therefore cannot be classified into the above-mentioned new association are therefore characterised primarily or described syntaxa. They clearly differentiate also from by hygrophilous and frigophilous species characteris- the glabrous willow community from the Northeastern tic for such rocky sites: Heliosperma pusillum (its com- Alps that Eggensberger (1994) described as the associa- munity Drepanoclado uncinati-Heliospermetum pusillae tion Salicetum glabrae. Mutual comparison of the floristic has developed on even more extreme parts of some of composition of our relevés with his, despite several other these hollows – Surina & Vreš 2004), Carex capillaris, species that they have in common (such as Rhododendron C. atrata, Salix retusa, in part also Paederota lutea, Viola hirsutum, Calamagrostis varia, Adenostyles glabra, Betonica biflora, Salix serpyllifolia, Valeriana saxatilis, on one of alopecuros) demonstrates a merely 32% floristic similarity the relevés also the endemic Primula carniolica, as well as (Sørensen 1948), which does not allow for classification by an abundant moss layer dominated by Sanionia unci- into the same association. Eggensberger (ibid.) classifies nata, syn. Drepanocladus uncinatus). Until now such spe- the association Salicetum glabrae into the alliance Sali- cies combination has not been recorded anywhere else in cion waldsteinianae Oberdorfer 1978 (which is a syno- the Slovenian mountains, not even in the Julian Alps or nym for the alliance Alnion viridis). Karner (2007a,b) Snežnik Mountains, even though Waldstein willow and treats the stands with Salix glabra in Austria as the Salix hairy alpenrose stands also occur there. In some spots glabra community (prov.) and considers it a special form the stands of the new association are at the contract with of the association Salicetum waldsteinianae. His obser- dwarf pine stands (Rhodothamno-Pinetum mugo), with vation is confirmed also by hierarchical classification as the stands of larged-leaved willow (Rhododendro hirsuti- both (north)eastern-Alpine glabrous willow communities Salicetum appendiculatae) and with the stands of the as- bond with the association Salicetum waldsteinianae and sociation Drepanoclado uncinati-Heliospermetum pusillae. not with the studied south-eastern Alpine-Dinaric com- Their full species composition indicates a certain similar- munity (Figure 2). Our community occurs still in the belt ity with the stands dominated by glabrous willow (Salix of montane-altimontane beech forests at the elevations glabra) that will be described below and with the stands between 950 and 1,400 m, on steep to very steep shady of the association Rhododendro hirsuti-Juniperetum alpi- slopes, in gravelly gullies, in erosion-exposed areas under nae (Surina 2013), also from the Dinaric Alps. In terms rock faces and barriers, on rockfall material. It therefore of the structure of phytosociological groups (Column represents a pioneer or succession stage where the natu- 14 in Table 6) the association is distinctly transitional ral conditions (annual snowslides, shallow, unstable soils) between the communities of the alliance Alnion viridis do not allow for the development of beech forests and is and the communities of the alliance Ericion carneae and classified into a new association Homogyno sylvestris-Sali- order Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetalia carneae. For now we cetum glabrae. Its diagnostic species are Salix glabra, Rho- find the classification into this order and class Rhodo- dodendron hirsutum, Calamagrostis varia, Sesleria caerulea, dendro hirsuti-Ericetea carneae (Mucina et al. 2016) more Homogyne sylvestris, Carex ferruginea, Ostrya carpinifolia, appropriate. Astrantia carniolica, Betonica alopecurus, Knautia drymeia

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and Cyclamen purpurascens. Co-occurrence of the listed (Horvat may have recorded Senecio ovatus (syn. S. fuchsii); species indicates gravelly dolomite parent material, initial species S. crassifolius (syn. Senecio leucanthemifolius) does soil, shady and relatively moist sites, a pioneer stage of not occur in Croatia) and a list of more frequent species, development in the belt of Illyrian beech forests (mainly including Homogyne sylvestris, Juniperus alpina, Hyperi- from the association Rhododendro hirsuti-Fagetum). Com- cum richeri subsp. grisebachii, Clematis alpina, Lonicera position by groups of diagnostic species (Column 15 in caerulea s. lat. (see also Trinajstić 2008: 123). Horvat et Table 6) allows for the classification of the new associa- al. (1974, Table 135, Column 4) published a synthetic tion into the alliance Ericion carneae, order Rhododendro- table of the association Salicetum appendiculatae Horvat Ericetalia carneae and class Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetea 1962 based on 10 relevés from Gorski Kotar in Croatia, carneae. Localities of the stands of the new association on which is (as it was published before 1979) a valid descrip- the map of Slovenia are indicated in Figure 7. tion of the new association (Weber et al. 2000). It is true

46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 that literature sources, including more recent ones (e.g. 14° 15° 16° 91 E. Pignatti & S. Pignatti 2014: 235) mention the same 92 name with a different author for a different community 93 from the Alps (Salicetum appendiculatae Oberd. 1957). 94 95 The original name of Oberdorfer’s community was Ace- 96 ro-Salicetum appendiculatae (Oberdorfer 1957) and the 97 quotation Salicetum appendiculatae (Br.-Bl. 50) Oberd. 98 1957 em. is from the second edition (Oberdorfer 1978). 99 46° 00 A slightly corrected original name Aceri-Salicetum ap- 01 SLOVENIA pendiculatae Oberdorfer 1957 is therefore the valid name 02 Rhododendro- (Karner 2007a, b). In phytosociological investigations of 03 Salicetum gl. 04 the Snežnik Mts. Gabrijel Tomažič observed and recorded 05 0 30 km also a community at the bottom of deep sinkholes and frost hollows which he called Rhodoro-Salicetum grandi- Figure 7: Localities of the stands of the association Homogyno sylvestris- florae, but his relevés were never published (Tomažič & Salicetum glabrae in Slovenia. Tregubov 1958, 1959, Zupančič 2001, Surina 2013). Our Slika 7: Nahajališča sestojev asociacije Homogyno sylvestris-Salicetum comparison shows that Salicetum appendiculatae Horvat glabrae v Sloveniji. is not a synonym for the association Aceri-Salicetum appendiculatae Oberdorfer (Acer pseudoplatanus and several Association Rhododendro hirsuti- other species listed in Oberdorfer's original relevé of this Salicetum appendiculatae in the association from 1957 are completely absent in Horvat's synthetic table from 1974). These are obviously two dif- Julian Alps and on the Trnovski ferent communities, where the stands that Karner (ibid.) Gozd Plateau classified into the subassociation Aceri-Salicetum appendiculatae typicum could in fact be part of Horvat’s com- Classification of our relevés shows the stands with domi- munity which they resemble more than the stands of two nating Salix appendiculata grouping within the third group other subassociations of the association Aceri-Salicetum (on the right) (Figure 1). We arranged them in Table 4 (-petasitetosum albi and -petasitetosum hybridi). Because (relevés 13–28). By comparing these relevés with similar Horvat’s name Salicetum appendiculatae is frequently used communities in the Alps and in the Dinaric Alps (Fig- with different authors as the name of another syntaxon ure 2, Table 5) we determined that they resemble the rel- and is therefore potentially misleading, nomen ambiguum evés of the association Salicetum appendiculatae (Horvat et (Weber et al. 2000, Art. 36), we propose a new name that al. 1974) and relevés of the subassociation Aceri-Salicetum was first used (before Horvat) by G. Tomažič: Rhododen- appendiculatae typicum (Karner 2007b). Horvat (1962: dro hirsuti-Salicetum appendiculatae, but the author cited 105) used the name Salicetum grandiflorae Horv. ass. nova for the association is still Horvat. Based on our compari- for the large-leaved willow community that overgrows the sons we differentiate two geographical variants, var. ge- edges of karst sinkholes and depressions in the mountains ogr. Paederota lutea (Julian Alps, Trnovski Gozd Plateau) of southwestern Croatia (Liburnian Karst), where snow and var. geogr. Hypericum grisebachii (Liburnian Karst: persists for extended periods. In his short description of Snežnik Mts., Gorski Kotar). This article describes only the new association (without a phytosociological table) he the stands of the geographical variant Paederota lutea that listed the taxon Senecio crassifolius as a character species were found in the western and southern part of the Ju-

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46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 caerulea, in places also single specimens of Salix glabra, S. 14° 15° 16° 91 waldsteiniana, Juniperus alpina, Lonicera nigra and Ribes 92 93 alpinum. Composition by groups of diagnostic species is 94 in Column 11 in Table 6. The large-leaved willow com- 95 munity is a long term succession stage on sites where nat- 96 ural factors prevent the development of forest and has a 97 98 similar protective role as green alder stands. 99 46° 00 01 SLOVENIA 02 Rhododendro- Conclusions 03 Salicetum a. 04 Steep, shady, stony and gravelly slopes and hollows with 05 0 30 km a persistent snow cover left by the snowslides that de- scend these slopes every year are extreme sites for forest Figure 8: Localities of the stands of the association Rhododendro hirsuti-Salicetum appendiculatae in western Slovenia and northeastern Italy. growth. Although dwarf pine (Rhodothamno-Pinetum Slika 8: Nahajališča preučenih sestojev asociacije Rhododendro hirsuti- mugo) and partly also green alder stands (Rhododendro -Salicetum appendiculatae v zahodni Sloveniji in severovzhodni Italiji. hirsuti-Alnetum viridis) represent the predominant shrub community types on such extreme sites under and at the lian Alps with their foothills and on the Trnovski Gozd existing timberline in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski Plateau (Figure 8). The relevés were made on elevations Gozd Plateau, other stands whose top layer is dominated between 470 and 1,650 m, in stony frost hollows and by willows Salix appendiculata, S. waldsteiniana and (or) shady gullies with initial soils (lithosol, moder rendzina) S. glabra also occur on smaller areas. We described their and a persistent snow cover. Such hollows covered with communities, which are usually long-term successional rockfall material can be found in Pradol, a dry ravine be- stages, accompanied by individual Sorbus aucuparia, Picea tween Mts. Mija and Ljubija at the border between Slo- abies or Acer pseudoplatanus trees. Similar communities venia and Italy, in the territory of the Republic Italy, at are known also elsewhere in the Eastern Calcareous Alps the elevation of only 470 m. This is where we described a and in the Dinaric Alps. Nevertheless, floristic differences new variant with Dryopteris remota (its differential species between them can be significant and naming them af- are also Polypodium vulgare and Phyllitis scolopendrium). ter only one species (Salicetum appendiculatae, Salicetum The stands of the new variant are surrounded by stands of waldsteinianae, Salicetum glabrae) is not very appropri- European ash and sycamore maple communities (Veratro ate and can even be misleading. We therefore described nigri-Fraxinetum, Lamio orvalae-Aceretum) where these two new associations, Laserpitio peucedanoidis-Salicetum hygrophilous ferns frequently occur. Similar shady hol- waldsteinianae and Homogyno sylvestris-Salicetum glabrae. lows covered by rockfall or talus deposits are located un- As for the large-leaved willow community in the South- der Mt. Matajur (Glava), in cirque Dol under the ridge of eastern and the Dinaric Alps, which was first recorded Breginjski Stol, under Mt. Črna Gora at Mt. Črna Prst, in Slovenia by Gabrijel Tomažič and its description and on the Trnovski Gozd Plateau at the rim of the karst first published by Ivo Horvat, we propose a new name cave in Paradana, in the ravines under the peaks of Mali – Rhododendro hirsuti-Salicetum appendiculatae. Among Golak and Veliki Golak (Kraljeva Kamra), and under the listed willows Salix waldsteniana is syndynamically the peak Vrh Hoje, where we found stands of the typical related also to low shrub communities above the upper variant. Slightly different in terms of floristic composi- timberline up to the alpine belt where hairy alpenrose tion are large-leaved willow stands in shady stony gullies (Rhododendron hirsutum) is the dominant species. These above the Bala valley in the central Julian Alps, where we shrub communities also overgrow shady slopes and stony described the variant with Peucedanum ostruthium. In ad- soils, sometimes as contact communities with Carex fer- dition to Salix appendiculata these shrub communities ruginea dominating grasslands. Despite some common generally comprise, in the upper shrub, occasionally also diagnostic species (Rhododendron hirsutum, Rhodotham- in the lower tree layer, individual specimens of Sorbus au- nus chamaecistus) they are floristically and ecologically cuparia, Acer pseudoplatanus, Picea abies, Abies alba, rarely slightly different from the communities with dominating also Alnus viridis and Pinus mugo. Only Sorbus aucuparia Alpine juniper (Juniperus alpina) and cannot be classified is frequent and has larger coverage than other above-listed within its associations (Rhodothamno-Juniperetum alpini, species. The species that dominate in the lower shrub lay- Rhododendro hirsuti-Juniperetum alpinae) or within dwarf er are Rhododendron hirsutum, Rubus idaeus and Lonicera pine communities. Some of these dwarf shrubs are tenta-

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tively treated as a syntaxon Rhododendretum hirsuti vac- tae, Salicetum waldsteinianae, Salicetum glabrae) manj cinietosum myrtilli. We have established the occurrence primerno, lahko celo zavajajoče. Zato smo opisali novi of the stands of the association Dryado-Rhodothamnetum asociaciji Laserpitio peucedanoidis-Salicetum waldsteini- chamaecisti that was recently described in the Dolomites anae in Homogyno sylvestris-Salicetum glabrae. Za združbo also in the Julian Alps and described a new association velikolistne vrbe v Jugovzhodnih Alpah in Dinarskem Heliospermo pusillae-Rhododendretum hirsuti on the gorstvu, ki jo je v Sloveniji prvi popisal Gabrijel Tomažič, Trnovski Gozd Plateau. njen opis pa prvi objavil Ivo Horvat, predlagamo novo All shrub communities described herein have an im- ime Rhododendro hirsuti-Salicetum appendiculatae. Med portant protective and biotope role and are also the site tremi naštetimi vrbami je vrsta Salix waldsteniana sin- of two species of European conservation concern (Čušin dinamsko povezana tudi z nizkimi grmišči nad zgornjo et al. 2004): Eryngium alpinum (which occurs in stands gozdno mejo vse do alpinskega pasu, v katerih prevladuje of the association Laserpitio-Salicetum waldstenianae) dlakavi sleč (Rhododendron hirsutum). Tudi ta grmišča and Primula carniolica (in stands of associations Rhodo- poraščajo osojna pobočja in kamnita tla, ponekod so dendro hirsuti-Salicetum appendiculatae and Heliospermo stična s travišči rjastorjavega šaša (Carex ferruginea). Kljub pusillae-Rhododendretum hirsuti), some species protected skupnim diagnostičnim vrstam (Rhododendron hirsutum, in Slovenia (Anon. 2004): Huperzia selago, Lycopodium Rhodothamnus chamaecistus) so floristično in ekološko annotinum, Cyclamen purpurascens, Leontopodium alpi- nekoliko drugačna od združb s prevladujočim sibirskim num, Gentiana lutea subsp. symphyandra, G. clusii, G. brinom (Juniperus alpina) in jih ne moremo uvrščati pannonica, Helleborus niger, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Coelo- v njegovi asociaciji (Rhodothamno-Juniperetum alpini, glossum viride, Gymnadenia conopsea, Malaxis monophyl- Rhododendro hirsuti-Juniperetum alpinae), prav tako ne v los, Nigritella rhellicani, N. miniata s. lat., Primula au- ruševje. Nekatera od teh pritlikavih grmišč za zdaj obrav- ricula and Pinguicula alpina, and some endemic or rare navamo v sintaksonu Rhododendretum hirsuti vaccinieto- species (Dakskobler et al. 2016): Aconitum angustifolium, sum myrtilli. Ugotavljamo pojavljanje sestojev asociacije Centaurea julica subsp. haynaldii, Geranium argenteum, Dryado-Rhodothamnetum chamaecisti, ki je bila nedavno Hieracium prenanthoides. opisana v Dolomitih, tudi v Julijskih Alpah in opisujemo novo asociacijo Heliospermo pusillae-Rhododendretum hirsuti v Trnovskem gozdu. Povzetek Vse v članku opisane grmiščne združbe imajo pomemb- no varovalno in biotopsko vlogo in so tudi življenjski pro- Fitocenološka analiza montansko- stor dveh evropsko varstveno pomembnih vrst (Čušin et subalpinskih vrbovih grmišč v al. 2004): Eryngium alpinum (raste v sestojih asociacije Julijskih Alpah in Trnovskem gozdu Laserpitio-Salicetum waldstenianae) in Primula carniolica (severozahodna in zahodna Slovenija) (raste v sestojih asociacij Rhododendro hirsuti-Salicetum appendiculatae in Heliospermo pusillae-Rhododendretum Strma osojna kamnita in gruščnata pobočja in kotanje, hirsuti), nekaterih v Sloveniji zavarovanih vrst (Anon. kjer ali kamor vsako leto polzijo snežni plazovi in se sneg 2004): Huperzia selago, Lycopodium annotinum, Cyclamen v njih dolgo zadržuje, so skrajna rastišča za uspevanje purpurascens, Leontopodium alpinum, Gentiana lutea sub- gozda. Čeprav sta prevladujoča tipa grmiščnega rastja na sp. symphyandra, G. clusii, G. pannonica, Helleborus niger, takih skrajnih rastiščih pod in na zdajšnji gozdni meji v Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Coeloglossum viride, Gymnadenia co- Julijskih Alpah in v Trnovskem gozdu predvsem ruševje nopsea, Malaxis monophyllos, Nigritella rhellicani, N. mini- (Rhodothamno-Pinetum mugo) in deloma zelenojelševje ata s. lat., Primula auricula in Pinguicula alpina ter neka- (Rhododendro hirsuti-Alnetum viridis), na manjših terih endemitov ali redkih vrst (Dakskobler et al. 2016): površinah uspevajo tudi sestoji, kjer v najvišji sestojni Aconitum angustifolium, Centaurea julica subsp. haynaldii, plasti prevladujejo vrbe: Salix appendiculata, S. waldstein- Geranium argenteum, Hieracium prenanthoides. iana, S. glabra. Opisali smo njihove združbe, ki so dol- gotrajni sukcesijski stadiji, v katerih se med drevesnimi vrstami posamično pojavljajo predvsem jerebika (Sor- Acknowledgements bus aucuparia), le ponekod tudi smreka in gorski javor. Podobne združbe poznamo tudi drugod v karbonat- We would like to thank the heirs of the late Tone Wraber nih Vzhodnih Alpah in v Dinarskem gorstvu. Ker so for giving his manuscripts and professional literature to floristične razlike med njimi lahko precejšnje, je njihovo the safekeeping of the Botanical Garden of the University poimenovanje zgolj po eni vrsti (Salicetum appendicula- of Ljubljana, and to its director, Dr. Jože Bavcon, who

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allowed us to examine professor’s legacy. Mag. Andrej Horvat, I. 1962: Vegetacija planina Zapadne Hrvatske sa 4 karte Seliškar and Doc. Dr. Andrej Rozman assisted us in the biljnih zajednica sekcije Sušak. Acta biologica 2, Prirodoslovna istraživanja 30, JAZU Zagreb, 179 pp. processing of relevés. Iztok Sajko prepared all Figures for print. Anonymous reviewer helped us with valuable im- Horvat, I., Glavač, V., Ellenberg H. 1974: Vegetation Südosteuropas. provements and corrections. The authors acknowledge Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, 768 pp. the financial support from the Slovenian Research Agency Karner, P. 2007a: Betulo-Alnetea viridis prov. In: Willner, W. & (research core funding No. P1-0236). English translation Grabherr, G. (eds.): Die Wälder und Gebüsche Österreichs. Ein by Andreja Šalamon Verbič. Bestimmungswerk mit Tabellen. 1. Textband. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag in Elsevier, Heidelberg, pp. 83–88.

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Table 1 (Tabela 1): Dryado-Rhodothamnetum chamaecisti, Rhododendretum hirsuti.

Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Pr. Fr.

Database number of relevé (Delovna številka popisa) 132925 132940 200647 203540 221071 241768 249127 253976 241933 241934 245582 132945 203440 200793 262107 262106 202981 216466 264615 203442 203443 253717 216464 216465 253722 213477 220997 220999 233538 250047 Author of the relevé (Avtor popisa) BS BS BS ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID BS ID BS ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID

Elevation in m (Nadmorska višina v m) 1440 1460 1765 1810 1950 2110 1890 2093 2118 2115 1822 1490 1750 1900 1630 1600 1790 1700 1650 1600 1630 1610 1580 1640 1585 1870 1810 1810 1920 1985 Aspect (Lega) N NW N NW NE N N NW N N SE N N N N NNW N N N NNE N NE NE SEE NW N NE N NE NE Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah) 30 30 20 25 35 40 10 30 15 35 5 30 30 15 10 10 30 15 30 30 35 30 25 30 25 20 40 15 20 25 Parent material (Matična podlaga) A A A Gr A A DA A A A A A DA A Gr Gr A D A A A A D D A AL A A DA DA Soil (Tla) Li Li Li Li Re Li Re Li Re Re Li Li Li Li Re Li Re Li Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Stoniness in % (Kamnitost v %) . . 10 10 0 20 10 2 5 20 30 . 10 . 10 5 20 5 10 20 . 5 . 5 5 5 . . 10 . Cover of shrub layer in % (Zastiranje grmovne plasti v %) E2 ...... 70 . 80 . . 80 . . 10 . . . . . Cover of herb layer in % (Zastiranje zeliščne plasti v %) E1 90 90 90 90 100 80 90 100 90 80 70 90 100 100 90 95 60 100 80 80 100 80 100 100 90 100 100 100 90 100 Cover of moss layer in % (Zastiranje mahovne plasti v %) E0 . . 1 ...... 10 5 5 . . 10 30 40 ...... 10 5 . . Number of species (Število vrst) 21 15 25 30 28 28 13 19 25 30 23 46 44 45 31 21 35 35 39 50 51 40 33 43 36 21 37 36 14 21 Relevé area (Velikost popisne ploskve) m2 6 4 4 10 20 4 3 5 4 4 5 20 4 16 10 10 20 10 30 4 10 40 20 20 20 20 10 10 20 4

Date of taking relevé (Datum popisa) 6/25/2002 6/25/2002 6/27/2002 8/30/2002 7/11/2008 8/17/2011 6/30/2013 8/8/2014 8/29/2011 8/29/2011 6/29/2012 6/25/2002 6/17/2003 7/9/2002 7/12/2016 7/12/2016 6/17/2002 7/31/2007 6/28/2016 6/17/2003 6/17/2003 7/19/2014 7/31/2007 7/31/2007 7/19/2014 7/20/2005 7/16/2008 7/16/2008 9/8/2009 9/24/2013

Locality (Nahajališče) Veliki Šmohor Veliki Krasji vrh Šmohor Veliki Osredki-Vrata Osredki-Vrata prst Črna Jerebica-Planja Stol Breginjski vrh Krasji vrh-Veliki vrh Krasji vrh-Veliki Muzec Jerebica-Planja Jerebica-Planja Muzec Čisti vrh Lipnik Lipnik Macesnovec Trenta-Plešivec Veliki Šmohor Veliki Šmohor Veliki Baba Velika Pihavec Kaluder Jelenk Veliki vrh Rušnati Pelc Trentski Skedenj Babanjski Skedenj Babanjski vrh-Četrt Konjski

Quadrant (Kvadrant) 9748/1 9748/1 9748/1 9648/2 9648/3 9648/1 9748/4 9648/1 9646/4 9646/4 9749/4 9748/1 9747/2 9748/1 9749/4 9749/4 9749/4 9547/3 9746/2 9747/2 9747/1 9746/2 9547/3 9547/3 9746/2 9648/2 9647/4 9647/4 9549/3 9648/1

Coordinate GK Y (D-48) m 398980 398861 400907 408048 400500 397847 407350 401171 381852 381835 416515 398738 391851 399276 417143 417277 417973 390280 381243 391111 390793 378518 390363 390336 378506 404352 394990 394987 416329 401651

Coordinate GK X (D-48) m 5127540 5127434 5128087 5139587 5129898 5138608 5123308 5138856 5133342 5133344 5121134 5127070 5128278 5126862 5121308 5121390 5121382 5140558 5127250 5128516 5128660 5128252 5140696 5140568 5128293 5135396 5130005 5130013 5140550 5139345

Diagnostic species of the associations (Diagnostične vrste asociacije) Pr. Fr. RE Rhododendron hirsutum E1 1 2 4 2 3 3 4 3 1 2 2 4 3 4 3 3 2 3 3 1 3 4 4 1 3 1 3 3 3 . 29 97 RE Rhodothamnus chamaecistus E1 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 + 2 3 2 1 2 2 3 + 3 1 1 + + + . . + . . 1 . 25 83 ES Selaginella selaginoides E1 + . + 1 1 1 . + 1 1 . + + 1 3 . + 1 . + ...... + 16 53 PC Valeriana saxatilis E1 1 + 1 1 + . . . + 1 + + . 1 + . . + + 1 ...... 14 47 Cfir Dryas octopetala E1 . . 1 3 3 2 3 4 3 1 1 + . 1 1 2 ...... 13 43 Cfir Pedicularis rostratocapitata E1 . . . 1 1 + + + 1 1 + . . + + . . + ...... 11 37 CD Tofieldia calyculata E1 1 1 . 1 1 + . . . . + + . 1 1 + ...... 10 33 ES Homogyne discolor E1 . . + 1 . 1 1 1 . . . 1 . 1 + ...... 8 27 MC Saxifraga aizoides E1 . . + 1 1 . . + . . . + + . . . + 1 ...... 8 27 CD Pinguicula alpina E1 . . + . + . . . . + . . . . + + . + + + ...... 8 27 AC Salix retusa E1 . . + + ...... + + . . + 1 + ...... 7 23

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Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Pr. Fr.

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Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Pr. Fr. Cfir Carex firma E1 1 1 1 2 3 + 1 2 2 1 2 . . . . . + 1 ...... 13 43 Cfir Sesleria sphaerocephala E1 . . + . . + + 1 3 3 ...... 6 20 Cfir Phyteuma sieberi E1 . . + . + . . + + . + ...... 5 17 SV Ranunculus carinthiacus E1 ...... + 1 + + . . + + 1 + ...... + . . 9 30 ES Anemone narcissiflora E1 ...... 1 1 + 1 . 1 ...... 5 17 OE Carex atrata E1 ...... + + . + + ...... 4 13 MuA Viola biflora E1 1 . . . + ...... 1 + 1 . 1 1 + 1 + + . . 1 + . . . . + 14 47 BA Salix waldsteiniana E2 ...... + + . 1 4 1 2 1 3 4 . 3 1 . 1 + . . 13 43 VP Rosa pendulina E1 ...... + 1 1 + + . . + + . . 7 23 VP Luzula sylvatica E1 ...... + 1 . + 1 2 2 2 . + + . 1 10 33 VP Vaccinium myrtillus E1 ...... + . + 1 . . . 2 . . 1 3 3 + 3 3 3 1 3 13 43 BA Sorbus chamaemespilus E2a ...... + ...... + + + + . 2 . + . + 8 27 JT Campanula scheuchzeri E1 ...... + ...... + + . 1 1 1 . + + + + 10 33 NS Festuca nigrescens E1 ...... + ...... 1 . + + + + 1 . . + 8 27 LV Empetrum hermaphroditum E1 ...... + . . 4 3 3 10 RE Rhododendron x intermedium E1 ...... 1 ...... 4 2 7 RE Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetalia carneae Pinus mugo E2 . . + + ...... + r ...... + . + + r 8 27 Erica carnea E1 ...... 1 . . . . . + 2 3 10 CFir Caricion firmae Salix alpina E1 . . . r . + . . + . . + ...... + ...... 5 17 Festuca quadriflora E1 . . . . . + . . 2 1 ...... + ...... 4 13 Helianthemum alpestre E1 . . . . + . . + . . 1 ...... 3 10 Oxytropis neglecta E1 . . . + . . . + . 1 ...... 3 10 Silene acaulis E1 . . . 2 . . . . + + ...... 3 10 Primula wulfeniana E1 ...... 1 . . . + ...... 2 7 Ranunculus hybridus E1 ...... 1 . . + ...... 2 7 OE Oxytropido-Elynion Lloydia serotina E1 ...... + ...... + ...... 2 7 Gentiana nivalis E1 ...... + . . 1 3 CA Caricion austroalpinae Laserpitium peucedanoides E1 + ...... + . + 1 . . . . . + 1 + + + . . . . . 9 30 Koeleria eriostachya E1 ...... + ...... + . 1 1 1 + . . . . + 7 23 Pulsatilla alpina subsp. austroalpina E1 ...... 1 + . + . . . + + . . . + ...... 6 20 Festuca calva E1 ...... + . 1 + . . . . . 3 10 Arabis vochinensis E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 CF Caricion ferrugineae Carex ferruginea E1 . . + ...... 1 2 1 + ...... 4 . . . . . 6 20 Hedysarum hedysaroides E1 . . . . 1 ...... + . . 1 ...... 3 10 Knautia longifolia E1 ...... + . + ...... 2 7 Gentiana pumila E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Cerastium subtriflorum E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Pedicularis rostrato-spicata E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Serratula macrocephala E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Malaxis monophyllos E1 ...... + . . . . . 1 3 SV Seslerietalia coeruleae Galium anisophyllum E1 ...... + . + . + 1 1 . . + . + . + + + + . + . . . 12 40 Achillea clavenae E1 . . . . . + + + + 1 . . + + . . . + . + ...... + . . 10 33 Juncus monanthos E1 + 1 ...... 1 . . . 1 . . . . . + . . + + . . 7 23 Gentiana clusii E1 + . + + + ...... + + ...... 6 20 Potentilla crantzii E1 ...... + 1 . . . . . + + ...... 4 13 Helictotrichon parlatorei E1 ...... + + ...... 2 7

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Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Pr. Fr. Leucanthemum heterophyllum E1 ...... + ...... + ...... 2 7 Nigritella rubra agg. (N. bicolor) E1 . . . . . r ...... 1 3 Thesium alpinum E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Saussurea discolor E1 ...... 1 ...... 1 3 ES Elyno-Seslerietea Sesleria caerulea E1 1 1 . 1 2 . . 1 + + 1 2 2 1 3 1 1 1 3 2 2 3 1 1 2 + . . 1 . 24 80 Aster bellidiastrum E1 1 1 + 1 1 + 1 + 1 1 . + + 1 . + + 1 + + ...... 18 60 Bartsia alpina E1 . . . . + + 1 + . 1 . 1 + 1 1 + 1 1 1 1 . . + . . + + + . . 18 60 Polygonum viviparum E1 . . + + + 1 . 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 . 1 + 1 1 1 ...... + + . + 18 60 Astrantia bavarica E1 2 . . . . + . . . . . 1 + 1 + + + . . 1 ...... + 1 + . 12 40 Carex sempervirens E1 . . + ...... 2 + 1 1 . . . + . . . . 1 1 . . . . . 8 27 Hieracium villosum E1 ...... + + + . . . . . + ...... + + . . 6 20 Betonica alopecuros E1 . . . + ...... + . + + . + . . . . . 5 17 Phyteuma orbiculare E1 ...... + + . + ...... + . + ...... 5 17 Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. alpestris E1 . . . + . + . . . . + . . 1 ...... 4 13 Linum julicum E1 + ...... + . 1 + ...... 4 13 Pedicularis verticillata E1 ...... + . . + 1 1 ...... 4 13 Thymus praecoxsubsp. polytrichus E1 ...... + . . . + . . . . + ...... + . . . 4 13 Alchemilla alpigena E1 ...... + . . + + ...... 3 10 Lotus alpinus E1 ...... + 1 ...... + . . 3 10 Euphrasia salisburgensis E1 . . . + . + ...... 2 7 Agrostis alpina E1 . . . . . 2 . . 1 ...... 2 7 Polygala alpestris E1 ...... r . . . 3 ...... 2 7 Helianthemum nummularium subsp. grandiflorum E1 ...... + + ...... 2 7 Campanula witasekiana E1 ...... 1 . . . + . . . . 2 7 Nigritella rhellicani E1 ...... + + . . 2 7 Gentianella anisodonta E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Daphne striata E1 ...... 2 ...... 1 3 Alchemilla fallax E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Gentiana verna E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Hieracium pilosum E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Scabiosa lucida E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Cerastium strictum E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 NS Nardion strictae Coeloglossum viride E1 . . . + r + . . . + + 1 . + . . . + ...... r . . 9 30 Potentilla erecta E1 ...... 1 + ...... 2 7 Alchemilla flabellata E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Gentiana pannonica E1 ...... + . . . . 1 3 JT Juncetea trifidi Anthoxanthum nipponicum E1 ...... 1 1 . . + . . 1 + 1 + + + . . + . . 1 11 37 Botrychium lunaria E1 ...... + r . . + . . 3 10 Euphrasia minima E1 . . . . . + . . . + ...... 2 7 Potentilla aurea E1 ...... + . . . . 1 3 Leontodon helveticus E1 ...... + 1 3 LV Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea Arctostaphylos alpinus E1 . . 1 3 2 3 1 1 3 4 + . . 1 . . + . 1 1 ...... + 1 15 50 Vaccinium gaultherioides E1 . . . . + + ...... + ...... 1 2 2 . . 6 20 AC Arabidetalia caeruleae (inc. Salicetea herbaceae) Soldanella alpina E1 . . . + + + ...... + ...... + ...... + . . 6 20 Ranunculus traunfellneri E1 . . + . . . + . . + ...... + ...... 4 13 Doronicum glaciale E1 . . . 1 ...... + ...... 2 7 Trifolium pallescens E1 ...... + ...... + . . 2 7

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Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Pr. Fr. Thlaspi minimum( T. kerneri) E1 . + ...... 1 3 Salix serpyllifolia E1 . . + ...... 1 3 Soldanella minima E1 . . + ...... 1 3 Carex ornithopodoides E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Salix reticulata E1 ...... 3 ...... 1 3 Alchemilla fissa E1 ...... + . . . 1 3 TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii Heliosperma alpestre E1 . . 1 ...... + + ...... + 1 . . + + . . 7 23 Biscutella laevigata E1 . + ...... + + ...... + ...... 4 13 Rhodiola rosea E1 ...... + . . + ...... + . . . 3 10 Aquilegia einseleana E1 1 + ...... 2 7 Athamanta cretensis E1 + + ...... 2 7 Armeria alpina E1 . . + ...... + ...... 2 7 Festuca nitida E1 ...... + ...... + . . . . . 2 7 Molopospermum peloponnesiacum subsp. bauhinii E1 ...... + . . . r . . . . . 2 7 Festuca laxa E1 + ...... 1 3 Rumex scutatus E1 + ...... 1 3 Gymnocarpium robertianum E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Campanula cochleariifolia E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Pimpinella alpina E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Valeriana montana E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Hieracium bifidum E1 ...... r . . . . . 1 3 PS Physoplexido-Saxifragion petraeae Paederota lutea E1 + ...... + + ...... 3 10 Saxifraga crustata E1 . . . + . . . . . + ...... + ...... 3 10 Saxifraga squarrosa E1 . . . . . + . . . + ...... 2 7 PC Potentilletalia caulescentis Primula auricula E1 + ...... 1 3 Cy Cystopteridion fragilis Carex brachystachys E1 1 + ...... 2 7 Cystopteris regia E1 . + ...... 1 3 AT Asplenietea trichomanis Asplenium viride E1 . + ...... + . . . + + . + ...... 5 17 Valeriana tripteris E1 ...... + ...... + . . . 2 7 Saxifraga paniculata E1 . . . + ...... 1 3 CD Caricetalia davallianae Parnassia palustris E1 . . + . + + ...... + + . . + 1 . + . . . + ...... 9 30 Carex capillaris E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 PoT Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia Poa alpina E1 ...... 1 + . . + . . . . 1 . + . . . 1 . . . . . 6 20 Trollius europaeus E1 ...... + ...... + . 2 2 + . . . . 5 17 Phleum rhaeticum E1 ...... + ...... + . 2 7 Euphrasia picta E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Alchemilla xanthochlora E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Ranunculus nemorosus E1 ...... + . . . . . 1 3 MA Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Lathyrus pratensis E1 ...... + . . . r . . . . . 2 7 Veronica chamaedrys E1 ...... 1 ...... 1 3 Trifolium repens E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Leontodon hispidus E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Dactylis glomerata E1 ...... + ...... 1 3

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Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Pr. Fr. Deschampsia cespitosa E1 ...... 1 . . . . . 1 3 Trifolium pratense E1 ...... + . . . 1 3 FB Festuco-Brometea Gymnadenia conopsea E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Bromopsis transsilvanica ...... 2 ...... 1 3 TG Trifolio-Geranietea Laserpitium siler E1 ...... + ...... + ...... 2 7 Libanotis sibirica subsp. montana E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Polygonatum odoratum E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Silene nutans E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 MuA Mulgedio-Aconitetea Geranium sylvaticum E1 ...... + ...... 1 . + 1 . . + . . . 5 17 Veratrum album subsp. lobelianum E1 ...... + + ...... + . . + . + . . . 5 17 Aconitum lycoctonum agg. (A. lupicida) E1 ...... 1 ...... + 1 3 ...... 4 13 Hypericum maculatum E1 ...... + . + . + . . . . . 3 10 Aconitum angustifolium E1 ...... r ...... + ...... 2 7 Athyrium filix-femina E1 ...... + . + ...... 2 7 Ranunculus platanifolius E1 ...... + + ...... 2 7 Peucedanum ostruthium E1 ...... 1 . r ...... 2 7 Chaerophyllum hirsutum E1 ...... + . . . + . . . . . 2 7 Poa hybrida E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Hieracium valdepilosum E1 ...... 1 ...... 1 3 Senecio cacaliaster E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Polygonatum verticillatum E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Rumex arifolius E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 BA Betulo-Alnetea viridis Juniperus alpina E2a ...... + 2 . . . + . . 1 . + + . 6 20 Salix appendiculata E2 ...... + ...... + . . + ...... 3 10 Salix glabra E2 ...... + . . 1 . . . . . 2 7 Alnus viridis E2a ...... + ...... 1 3 SS Sambuco-Salicion capreae Sorbus aucuparia E2a ...... + + . . + ...... 3 10 Rubus idaeus E2a ...... 1 . . . . . + . . . . . 2 7 Fragaria vesca E1 ...... + . . . . . 1 3 EP Erico-Pinetea Carex ornithopoda E1 . . . . + . . . . . + + + + . . . . . + + ...... 7 23 Rubus saxatilis E1 ...... + 1 . . 1 ...... 3 10 Chamaecytisus hirsutus E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea E1 ...... 1 ...... 1 3 VP Vaccinio-Piceetea Homogyne alpina E1 . . . . 2 . . . 1 1 . . 1 1 . + + 1 1 . + + 1 + 1 1 1 1 . 1 18 60 Vaccinium vitis-idaea E1 ...... 1 . . . . + + . 1 1 + + . . . + 3 1 1 2 12 40 Clematis alpina E2a ...... 1 + 2 1 + . . + . . + . . . 7 23 Solidago virgaurea E1 ...... + . . + . . . + . . + . . 1 1 . . 6 20 Maianthemum bifolium E1 ...... + . + . + . . 1 1 . . 5 17 Huperzia selago E1 . . . . 1 . . + ...... + ...... + . 4 13 Picea abies E2a ...... + ...... + . + ...... 3 10 Lycopodium annotinum E1 ...... 1 ...... + . . . 1 3 10 Polystichum lonchitis E1 ...... + ...... + r . . . . . 3 10 Calamagrostis villosa E1 ...... 2 + . . . 3 . . . . 3 10 Dryopteris expansa E1 ...... + . + ...... 2 7 Rhododendron ferrugineum E1 ...... 3 . . . . . 3 . . . . 2 7

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Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Pr. Fr. Larix decidua E2 ...... + ...... + . 2 7 Aposeris foetida E1 ...... 1 . 2 . . . . . 2 7 Melampyrum sylvaticum E1 ...... + . + . . 2 7 Luzula luzuloides E1 ...... 1 1 . . 2 7 Lonicera caerulea E2a ...... + . . + 2 7 Pyrola minor E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Luzula luzulina E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Oxalis acetosella E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Dryopteris dilatata E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 Calamagrostis arundinacea E1 ...... 2 ...... 1 3 Hieracium murorum E1 ...... + . . . . 1 3 Saxifraga cuneifolia E1 ...... + . . . 1 3 Gymnocarpium dryopteris E1 ...... + . . . 1 3 TA Tilio-Acerion Thalictrum aquilegiifolium E1 ...... + . + ...... 2 7 Acer pseudoplatanus E1 ...... + . + ...... 2 7 FS Fagetalia sylvaticae Lilium martagon E1 ...... + 1 + + . . . + . . 5 17 Dryopteris filix-mas E1 ...... + + . + + . . . . . 4 13 Anemone trifolia E1 ...... + 1 . + ...... 3 10 Luzula nivea E1 ...... + 1 ...... 2 7 Melica nutans E1 ...... + + ...... 2 7 Daphne mezereum E1 ...... + . . + ...... 2 7 Galium laevigatum E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 QF Querco-Fagetea Hepatica nobilis E1 ...... + . . + ...... 2 7 Hieracium lachenalii E1 ...... 1 1 . . 2 7 Dactylorhiza fuchsii E1 ...... + . . . . . 1 3 Platanthera bifolia E1 ...... r . . . . . 1 3 O Other species (Druge vrste) Festuca sp. E1 . . . 1 ...... 1 ...... 2 7 Vicia sp. E1 ...... + ...... 1 3 ML Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lišaji) Hylocomium splendens E0 ...... + . . . . + 2 3 1 + . . . . . 1 1 . . 8 27 Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus E0 ...... 1 . . . . + 2 2 . + . . . . . 1 . . + 7 23 Tortella tortuosa E0 . . . . + ...... + . . . + ...... 3 10 Dicranum sp. E0 ...... + ...... 1 + . . 3 10 Tortella sp. E0 . . . + . + ...... 2 7 Dicranum scoparium E0 ...... + ...... + ...... 2 7 Peltigera leucophlebia E0 ...... + + ...... 2 7 Rhytidiadelphus loreus E0 ...... + ...... 1 3 Cetraria islandica E0 ...... + ...... 1 3 Cladonia furcata E0 ...... + ...... 1 3

Legend – Legenda ID Igor Dakskobler BS Boštjan Surina 1–20 Dryado-Rhodothamnetum chamaecisti A Limestone – apnenec 21–30 Rhododendretum hirsuti vaccinietosum myrtilli D Dolomite – dolomit Pr. Presence (number of relevés in which the species is presented) - Gr Gravel – grušč število popisov, v katerih se pojavlja vrsta L Marlstone – laporovec Fr. Frequency in % – frekvenca v % Li Lithosol – kamnišče E2a Lower shrub layer – spodnja grmovna plast Re Rendzina – rendzina

236 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina 16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia)

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Table 2 (Tabela 2): laserpitio peucedanoidis-Salicetum waldsteinianae

Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Pr. Fr.

Database number of relevé (Delovna številka popisa) 200808 200809 200810 200815 200816 200962 216577 212056 201863 202723 202724 203011 203007 203012 Author of the relevé (Avtor popisa) BS BS BS BS BS BS ID ID TW ID ID ID ID ID

Elevation in m (Nadmorska višina v m) 1620 1600 1620 1745 1745 1550 1690 1620 1870 1350 1630 1820 1590 1770 Aspect (Lega) NW NW NW N N NE NE N N NE N NE N NNE Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah) 25 25 20 30 30 30 30 35 30 5 20 10 35 40 Parent material (Matična podlaga) A A A A A A A Gr A DA A A Gr A Soil (Tla) Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Li Re Li Re Re Li Re Stoniness in % (Kamnitost v %) ...... 20 . 10 10 20 30 30 Cover of shrub layer in % (Zastiranje grmovne plasti v %) E2 90 100 100 95 100 100 80 60 100 70 80 30 30 40 Cover of herb layer in % (Zastiranje zeliščne plasti v %): E1 60 50 40 10 10 70 60 50 60 60 60 70 70 90 Cover of moss layer in % (Zastiranje mahovne plasti v %): E0 . . . . . 10 5 10 . 10 5 . . 5 Number of species (Število vrst) 49 43 38 38 31 34 41 35 31 53 74 25 39 41 Relevé area (Velikost popisne ploskve) m2 100 50 100 20 20 25 20 20 20 6 30 5 30 20

Date of taking relevé (Datum popisa) 7/10/2002 7/10/2002 7/10/2002 7/29/2002 7/29/2002 8/8/2002 8/24/2007 8/8/2006 7/25/1979 8/1/2001 8/7/2001 7/27/2001 8/23/2001 7/27/2001

Locality (Nahajališče) Mali Šmohor-Planina na Polju Šmohor-Planina Mali na Polju Šmohor-Planina Mali na Polju Šmohor-Planina Mali Stador Maselnik-Veliki Stador Maselnik-Veliki Palec Čez Brežič Lisec pogorje Vršič-Krnsko plaz-Četrt Pastirjev Lisec prst Črna prst Črna prst Črna

Quadrant (Kvadrant) 9748/1 9748/1 9748/1 9748/1 9748/1 9748/1 9647/1 9749/4 9747/2 9749/4 9749/4 9749/4 9749/4 9749/4

Coordinate GK Y (D-48) m 398742 398730 398711 399515 399514 400459 386904 418125 395057 416788 417667 418000 418245 417982

Coordinate GK X (D-48) m 5126496 5126500 5126479 5123837 5123818 5124325 5138872 5121503 5129088 5121920 5122252 5121354 5121558 5121384 Diagnostic species of the association (Diagnostične vrste asociacije) Pr. Fr. BA Salix waldsteiniana E2 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 3 2 3 2 2 14 100 CA Laserpitium peucedanoides E1 + + + + . . + 1 . + + . 1 + 10 71 CF Carex ferruginea E1 2 2 . 1 . . + 3 . 1 + . 3 3 9 64 ES Astrantia bavarica E1 + 1 + 1 . . + 1 . . + . 1 1 9 64 BA Salix glabra E2 2 2 + . . . . . 2 2 3 . + + 8 57 TR Rhodiola rosea E1 + + + . . + . + + . . + . . 7 50 ES Selaginella selaginoides E1 + + . . . . . + . + . + 1 1 7 50 CA Pulsatilla alpina subsp. austroalpina E1 . + . + + . + . . . r . + . 6 43 MuA Aconitum angustifolium E1 1 1 2 + + + ...... 6 43 EP Rhodothamnus chamaecistus E1 + . . + ...... 1 3 21 VP Homogyne sylvestris E1 ...... + r . . 1 3 21 CF Hedysarum hedysaroides E1 ...... 1 + 1 3 21

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Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Pr. Fr. Differential species of lower units (Razlikovalne vrste nižjih enot) MuA Saxifraga rotundifolia E1 + 1 2 + 1 3 + ...... 7 50 MuA Primula elatior E1 1 1 + 1 1 . + ...... 6 43 PAT Poa alpina E1 + + 1 + 2 + + ...... 7 50 PAT Phleum rhaeticum E1 + . + + + . + ...... 5 36 BA Betulo-Alnetea viridis Salix appendiculata E2 + . 1 + . . 1 + . 2 + . . . 7 50 Sorbus chamaemespilus E2a ...... 2 1 1 . + . 4 29 Alnus viridis E2a ...... 2 . + . . + 3 21 Juniperus alpina E2a ...... + . . . + 2 14 Pedicularis recutita E1 ...... + ...... 1 7 MuA Mulgedio-Aconitetea Veratrum album subsp. lobelianum E1 + + + + + 1 + + + + . . + . 11 79 Viola biflora E1 2 2 2 2 2 + . 1 . . + . + + 10 71 Chaerophyllum villarsii E1 1 + 1 + + 1 + . + . + . . . 9 64 Aconitum lycoctonum agg. (A. lupicida) E1 1 1 2 . 1 2 1 . . . + . . . 7 50 Heracleum sphondylium subsp. montanum E1 . . . + 1 + + 1 . . + . + . 7 50 Rumex arifolius E1 . . + + 1 2 1 . . . + . . . 6 43 Geranium sylvaticum E1 . . . . . + 1 . 1 + + . . . 5 36 Geum rivale E1 . + + . + + . . + . . . . . 5 36 Hypericum maculatum E1 . . + + . . 1 . 1 . + . . . 5 36 Pleurospermum austriacum E1 + ...... + . + + . . . 4 29 Adenostyles alliariae E1 . . . . . + + . . . + . . . 3 21 Ranunculus platanifolius E1 ...... + . + + . . . 3 21 Senecio ovatus E1 . . . . + + ...... 2 14 Athyrium filix-femina E1 . . . . + . . . . . + . . . 2 14 Epilobium alpestre E1 . . . . . 1 1 ...... 2 14 Senecio cacaliaster E1 ...... + . . + . . . 2 14 Hieracium prenanthoides E1 ...... 1 1 . . . 2 14 Crepis pyrenaica E1 ...... + + . . . 2 14 Athyrium distentifolium E1 . . . . . + ...... 1 7 Peucedanum ostruthium E1 ...... 1 ...... 1 7 Chaerophyllum hirsutum E1 ...... + ...... 1 7 Tephroseris longifolia E1 ...... + . . . . . 1 7 Eryngium alpinum E1 ...... 1 . . . 1 7 Polygonatum verticillatum E1 ...... 1 . . . 1 7 Aconitum degenii subsp. paniculatum E1 ...... + . . . 1 7 Carduus personata E1 ...... + . . . 1 7 Crepis paludosa E1 ...... + . . . 1 7 Poa hybrida E1 ...... + . . . 1 7 Silene vulgaris subsp. antelopum E1 ...... + . . . 1 7 RE Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetalia carneae Rhododendron hirsutum E1 + + . . + . . . + 2 1 . + 2 8 57 CFir Caricion firmae Ranunculus hybridus E1 + ...... 1 + 3 21 Carex firma E1 ...... + + + 3 21 Pedicularis rostratocapitata E1 ...... + . + 2 14 Phyteuma sieberi E1 ...... r . + 2 14 Dryas octopetala E1 ...... + 1 7 CA Caricion austroalpinae Heracleum austriacum subsp. siifolium E1 + ...... r . . . 2 14

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Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Pr. Fr. CF Caricion ferrugineae Cerastium subtriflorum E1 + . + ...... 2 14 Knautia longifolia E1 ...... 1 ...... 1 7 Malaxis monophyllos E1 ...... 1 ...... 1 7 Lathyrus occidentalis var. montanus E1 ...... + . . . 1 7 Serratula macrocephala E1 ...... + . . . 1 7 SV Seslerietalia coeruleae Galium anisophyllum E1 1 1 1 1 ...... + . . 5 36 Juncus monanthos E1 + + + . . + ...... 4 29 Potentilla crantzii E1 + + . + . . . . + . . . . . 4 29 Ranunculus carinthiacus E1 + + + ...... 3 21 Helictotrichon parlatorei E1 . + + ...... 2 14 Geranium argenteum E1 . . . + ...... 1 7 Saussurea discolor E1 ...... 1 . . 1 7 Leontopodium alpinum E1 ...... r . . 1 7 Thesium alpinum E1 ...... + . 1 7 ES Elyno-Seslerietea Aster bellidiastrum E1 1 + . . . . . 1 . . + + 1 + 7 50 Polygonum viviparum E1 + + + 1 . . . + . . . 1 + . 7 50 Betonica alopecuros E1 + 1 1 . + . . . + . . . 1 . 6 43 Alchemilla fallax E1 1 + 1 + + ...... 5 36 Alchemilla alpigena E1 + + + . . + ...... 4 29 Anemone narcissiflora E1 ...... + . . . r + 1 4 29 Carex sempervirens E1 + + + + ...... 4 29 Lotus alpinus E1 + 1 1 . . . + ...... 4 29 Sesleria caerulea E1 + ...... 2 . 1 3 21 Phyteuma orbiculare E1 ...... + . . . . + + 3 21 Homogyne discolor E1 . + . . . . 1 ...... 2 14 Bartsia alpina E1 . + ...... + 2 14 Myosotis alpestris E1 ...... + . 1 . . . . . 2 14 Rhinanthus glacialis E1 ...... 1 . . . . 1 . 2 14 Hieracium villosum E1 ...... + . . + 2 14 Campanula witasekiana E1 ...... + ...... 1 7 Ranunculus montanus E1 ...... + ...... 1 7 Thymus praecoxsubsp. polytrichus E1 ...... + . . 1 7 Scabiosa lucida E1 ...... 1 . . . . . 1 7 Helianthemum nummularium subsp. grandiflorum E1 ...... + . . . 1 7 Linum julicum E1 ...... 1 . 1 7 Gentianella anisodonta E1 ...... + . 1 7 NS Nardion strictae Potentilla erecta E1 ...... + . . . . 1 7 Coeloglossum viride E1 ...... r 1 7 JT Juncetea trifidi Campanula scheuchzeri E1 ...... + . + + . + + 5 36 Anthoxanthum nipponicum E1 ...... + . . . 1 7 LV Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea Arctostaphylos alpinus E1 ...... + . 1 2 14 AC Arabidetalia caeruleae Soldanella alpina E1 + + + . . . 1 . + . . . . + 6 43 Potentilla brauneana E1 . + ...... 1 7 Trifolium pallescens E1 ...... + ...... 1 7

240 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina 16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia)

Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Pr. Fr. TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii Adenostyles glabra E1 + 1 1 + 1 + . 1 . 2 + . + . 10 71 Festuca nitida E1 + + + . . . + 1 ...... 5 36 Heliosperma alpestre E1 . + . . . . + ...... + 3 21 Valeriana montana E1 ...... + + . + . . . . 3 21 Biscutella laevigata E1 + ...... + . 2 14 Saxifraga aizoides E1 ...... + . + 2 14 Silene vulgaris subsp. glareosa E1 + ...... 1 7 Pimpinella alpina E1 . . . . + ...... 1 7 Dryopteris villarii E1 . . . . . + ...... 1 7 Astrantia carniolica E1 ...... + . . . . 1 7 Gymnocarpium robertianum E1 ...... + . . . . 1 7 Campanula cochleariifolia E1 ...... + . . 1 7 Hieracium bifidum E1 ...... + . . 1 7 Athamanta cretensis E1 ...... + . 1 7 PS Physoplexido-Saxifragion petraeae Paederota lutea E1 . + ...... + . . . . 2 14 Saxifraga crustata E1 ...... + + . 2 14 PC Potentilletalia caulescentis Valeriana saxatilis E1 ...... + 2 2 14 Cy Cystopteridion fragilis Cystopteris fragilis E1 . . . . + + . . + . . . . . 3 21 Cystopteris regia E1 . + + ...... 2 14 AT Asplenietea trichomanis Valeriana tripteris E1 + . . + + + . + 1 . + . . . 7 50 Asplenium viride E1 . + . . . . . 1 + + . . . . 4 29 CD Caricetalia davallianae Parnassia palustris E1 1 + + . . . + + . . . + + + 8 57 Tofieldia calyculata E1 + ...... 1 1 3 21 Carex capillaris E1 ...... + . . 1 7 Pinguicula alpina E1 ...... + 1 7 PoT Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia Trollius europaeus E1 . . . + + . + . . + r . . . 5 36 Cardaminopsis halleri E1 . . . + . . . . 1 . . . . . 2 14 Pimpinella major subsp. rubra E1 ...... 1 . . . 1 7 MA Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Angelica sylvestris E1 . . . . . + . + . + . . . . 3 21 Dactylis glomerata E1 ...... + . + . 1 . . . 3 21 Trifolium pratense E1 ...... + . . + r . . . 3 21 Deschampsia cespitosa E1 . . . + + ...... 2 14 Lathyrus pratensis E1 . . . + + ...... 2 14 Vicia cracca E1 . . . 1 + ...... 2 14 Leontodon hispidus E1 ...... + ...... 1 7 Galium album E1 ...... 1 . . . . . 1 7 FB Festuco-Brometea Gymnadenia conopsea E1 ...... + 1 7 TG Trifolio-Geranietea Trifolium alpestre E1 . . + ...... 1 7 Bupleurum longifolium E1 ...... + . . . . . 1 7 SS Sambuco-Salicion capreae Urtica dioica E1 . . . . . 1 ...... 1 7

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Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Pr. Fr. Sorbus aucuparia E2a ...... 1 . . . . 1 7 EP Erico-Pinetea Rubus saxatilis E1 ...... 1 1 1 . + . 4 29 Cirsium erisithales E1 ...... + . r . + . 3 21 Carex ornithopoda E1 . . . + . . . . . + . . . . 2 14 Buphthalmum salicifolium E1 ...... r . 1 . 2 14 Calamagrostis varia E1 . . . . + ...... 1 7 Aquilegia nigricans E1 ...... + . . . . 1 7 Peucedanum austriacum subsp. rablense E1 ...... + . . . 1 7 VP Vaccinio-Piceetea Luzula sylvatica E1 . . . + . + 1 . 1 . + . . . 5 36 Polystichum lonchitis E1 . + . . . + . . + . + . . . 4 29 Rosa pendulina E1 ...... + 2 + + . . + 5 36 Solidago virgaurea E1 ...... 1 + + . . . r 4 29 Gentiana asclepiadea E1 ...... 1 . + + . . . 3 21 Dryopteris expansa E1 . . . . . + . . . . + . . . 2 14 Aposeris foetida E1 ...... + . . . + . . . 2 14 Vaccinium myrtillus E1 ...... + 1 . . . 2 14 Maianthemum bifolium E1 ...... + + . . . 2 14 Picea abies E2a ...... r . r . . 2 14 Clematis alpina E2a ...... + . . . + 2 14 Vaccinium vitis-idaea E1 . . . 1 ...... 1 7 Larix decidua E2 ...... + ...... 1 7 Pyrola minor E1 ...... + ...... 1 7 Abies alba E2 ...... r . . . . 1 7 Calamagrostis arundinacea E1 ...... + . . . . 1 7 Hieracium murorum E1 ...... + . . . . 1 7 Lonicera caerulea E2a ...... + . . . . 1 7 Melampyrum sylvaticum E1 ...... + . . . . 1 7 Luzula luzuloides E1 ...... + . . . 1 7 Pyrola rotundifolia E1 ...... + 1 7 Huperzia selago E1 ...... + 1 7 TA Tilio-Acerion Thalictrum aquilegiifolium E1 + . . + + . . + . + + . . . 6 43 Chrysosplenium alternifolium E1 . . . + + 1 ...... 3 21 Acer pseudoplatanus E1 ...... + + . . . 2 14 Adoxa moschatellina E1 + ...... 1 7 AF Aremonio-Fagion Cardamine enneaphyllos E1 + . + ...... 2 14 Knautia drymeia E1 ...... + . . . 1 7 Rhamnus fallax E2 ...... r . . . 1 7 FS Fagetalia sylvaticae Epilobium montanum E1 + . + + + ...... 4 29 Dryopteris filix-mas E1 . + . . . + . . . . + . . . 3 21 Galeobdolon flavidum E1 . . . . . + . . . . + . . . 2 14 Paris quadrifolia E1 . . . . . + . . . . + . . . 2 14 Galium laevigatum E1 ...... + 1 . . . 2 14 Lilium martagon E1 + ...... 1 7 Daphne mezereum E1 . . + ...... 1 7 Lathyrus vernus E1 ...... + . . . . . 1 7 Melica nutans E1 ...... + . . . . 1 7

242 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina 16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia)

Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Pr. Fr. Mercurialis perennis E1 ...... + . . . 1 7 Poa nemoralis E1 ...... + . . . 1 7 QF Querco-Fagetea Anemone nemorosa E1 ...... + + . . . 2 14 Primula veris subsp. columnae E1 . . . . . + ...... 1 7 Convallaria majalis E1 ...... 1 . . . 1 7 O Other species (Druge vrste) Festuca sp. E1 + . . + ...... 1 + . 4 29 Alchemilla sp. E1 . . . . . + ...... 1 7 Vicia sp. E1 ...... r . . . 1 7 Minuartia sp. E1 ...... r . . 1 7 Hieracium sp. E1 ...... + . 1 7 ML Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lišaji) Ctenidium molluscum E0 ...... 2 . + + . . . 3 21 Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus E0 ...... 1 + . . . 2 14 Tortella sp. E0 ...... + + 2 14 Pseudoleskeella catenulata E1 ...... 1 ...... 1 7 Marchantia polymorpha E0 ...... + ...... 1 7 Dicranum scoparium E0 ...... + . . . . 1 7 Schistidium apocarpum E0 ...... + . . . . 1 7 Tortella tortuosa E0 ...... + . . . . 1 7

Legend – Legenda Pr. Presence (number of relevés in which the species is presented) – število popisov, v katerih se pojavlja vrsta Fr. Frequency in % – frekvenca v % E2a Lower shrub layer – spodnja grmovna plast ID Igor Dakskobler BS Boštjan Surina TW Tone Wraber A Limestone – apnenec D Dolomite– dolomit Gr Gravel – grušč Li Lithosol – kamnišče Re Rendzina – rendzina

243 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina 16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia)

Table 3: Laserpitio peucedanoidis-Salicetum waldstenianae var. geogr. Hypericum grisebachii T. Wraber (Hyperico grisebachii-Salicetum waldsteinianae T. Wraber), the Snežnik Mts. Tabela 3: Laserpitio peucedanoidis-Salicetum waldstenianae var. geogr. Hypericum grisebachii T. Wraber (Hyperico grisebachii-Salice- tum waldsteinianae T. Wraber), Snežniško pogorje

Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 Pr. Fr. Database number of relevé (Delovna številka popisa) 265160 265163 265162 265161 Author of the relevé (Avtor popisa) TW TW TW TW Elevation in m (Nadmorska višina v m) 1580 1610 1620 1680 Aspect (Lega) N N W NWW Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah) 25 10 10 25 Parent material (Matična podlaga) A A A A Soil (Tla) R R R R Cover of shrub and herb layer in % E2/E1 100 100 100 100 (Zastiranje grmovne in zeliščne plasti v %) Number of species (Število vrst) 26 32 23 32 Relevé area (Velikost popisne ploskve) m2 20 50 20 60 Date of taking relevé (Datum popisa) 7/26/1994 8/10/1994 8/24/1997 8/9/1994 Locality (Nahajališče) Veliki Snežnik Veliki Snežnik-Čelo Kindlerjev vrh Veliki Snežnik Quadrant (Kvadrant) 0452/2 0452/2 0452/2 0452/2 Coordinate GK Y (D-48) m 457366 457554 457692 457087 Coordinate GK X (D-48) m 5049869 5049898 5049318 5049560 Diagnostic species of the association (Diagnostične vrste asociacije) Pr. Fr. BA Salix waldsteiniana E2a 4 5 5 4 4 100 MuA Hypericum richeri subsp. grisebachii E1 1 1 + 1 4 100 CA Laserpitium peucedanoides E1 1 1 . . 2 50 CF Carex ferruginea E1 2 1 . . 2 50 CA Pulsatilla alpina subsp. austroalpina E1 1 1 . . 2 50 VP Homogyne sylvestris E1 . 1 + . 2 50 MuA Mulgedio-Aconitetea Geranium sylvaticum E1 1 1 1 1 4 100 Veratrum album subsp. album E1 1 1 . 1 3 75 Heracleum sphondylium subsp. montanum E1 + + . + 3 75 Viola biflora E1 . + 1 1 3 75 Aconitum lycoctonum s. lat. (A. lupicida) E1 . 1 + . 2 50 Allium victorialis E1 . + + . 2 50 Crepis paludosa E1 . + + . 1 50 Silene vulgaris subsp. antelopum E1 . 1 . + 2 50 Doronicum austriacum E1 . . 1 2 2 50 Saxifraga rotundifolia E1 . . 1 + 2 50 Adenostyles alliariae E1 . . . 2 1 25 Cicerbita alpina E1 . . . 1 1 25 Rumex arifolius E1 . . . 1 1 25 Senecio ovatus E1 . . . 2 1 25 Tephroseris longifolia E1 . . . 1 1 25 RE Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetalia carneae Rhododendron hirsutum E2a + . . . 1 25 CA Caricion austroalpinae Gentiana lutea subsp. symphyandra E1 + . . . 1 25 Koeleria eriostachya E1 . . . + 1 25 ES Elyno-Seslerietea Campanula witasekiana E1 + + . 1 3 75 Rhinanthus glacialis E1 . + . . 1 25 Myosotis alpestris E1 . . + . 1 25 Homogyne discolor E1 . . . 2 1 25 Bartsia alpina E1 . . . + 1 25 Phyteuma orbiculare E1 . . . + 1 25 Polygonum viviparum E1 . . . + 1 25

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Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 Pr. Fr. NS Nardion strictae Coeloglossum viride E1 . . . + 1 25 AC Arabidetalia caeruleae Soldanella alpina E1 + 1 1 1 4 100 TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii Festuca nitida E1 + . . . 1 25 Rumex scutatus E1 . + . . 1 25 Adenostyles glabra E1 . . + . 1 25 Dryopteris villarii E1 . . + . 1 25 Heliosperma alpestre E1 . . . + 1 25 AT Asplenietea trichomanis Asplenium viride E1 + . + . 2 50 Valeriana tripteris E1 . + 1 . 2 50 PoT Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia Trollius europaeus E1 + 1 . + 3 75 Festuca nigrescens E1 . . . 1 1 25 MA Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Deschampsia cespitosa E1 . . . + 1 25 Trifolium pratense E1 . . . + 1 25 FB Festuco-Brometea Gymnadenia conopsea E1 . + . . 1 25 TG Trifolio-Geranietea Lilium carniolicum E1 . + . . 1 25 SS Sambuco-Salicion capreae Rubus idaeus E2a . . . + 1 25 EP Erico-Pinetea Cirsium erisithales E1 1 2 + + 4 100 Rubus saxatilis E1 1 + 1 . 3 75 Calamagrostis varia E1 2 3 . . 2 50 Buphthalmum salicifolium E1 + . . . 1 25 Pinus mugo E2a . . . 2 1 25 VP Vaccinio-Piceetea Rosa pendulina E2a + + + . 2 75 Aposeris foetida E1 + 2 . . 2 50 Polystichum lonchitis E1 . + + . 2 50 Homogyne alpina E1 + . . . 1 25 Solidago virgaurea E1 + . . . 1 25 AF Aremonio-Fagion Cardamine enneaphyllos E1 + . . . 1 25 FS Fagetalia sylvaticae Mercurialis perennis E1 2 2 . . 2 50 Daphne mezereum E2a . + . . 1 25 Galeobdolon flavidum E1 . + . . 1 25 Actaea spicata E1 . . + . 1 25 Poa nemoralis E1 . . + . 1 25 Myosotis sylvatica agg. E1 . . . + 1 25 QF Querco-Fagetea Anemone nemorosa E1 + 1 + . 3 75 O Other species (Druge vrste) Alchemilla sp. E1 . . . + 1 25

Legend – Legenda E2a Lower shrub layer – spodnja grmovna plast Pr. Presence (number of relevés in which the species is presented) – TW Tone Wraber število popisov, v katerih se pojavlja vrsta A Limestone – apnenec Fr. Frequency in % – frekvenca v % Re Rendzina – rendzina

245 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina 16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia)

Table 4 (Tabela 4): Heliospermo-Rhododendretum hirsuti, Homogyno sylvestris-Salicetum glabrae, Rhododendro hirsuti-Salicetum appendiculatae

Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Pr. Fr.

Database number of relevé (Delovna številka popisa) 242190 263999 264000 254614 242193 203423 234497 234602 244299 246958 247016 253848 264003 264004 241068 242191 259083 259084 263998 246103 254613 258724 251415 264001 262103 248110 248112 248113 Author of the relevé (Avtor popisa) ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID

Elevation in m (Nadmorska višina v m) 1300 1125 1125 1365 1353 1080 1110 1020 940 950 970 1360 1730 1650 1390 1310 1435 1445 1125 1060 1370 1330 1485 1130 1500 470 470 470 Aspect (Lega) 0 NNW NW 0 0 NE N NE NE N NE W SW SW SW SW N SWW SE NE NE W NE SW NW 0 0 0 Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah) 0 45 50 0-5 0-10 25 45 30 35 45 35 35 20 25 30 25 25 25 45 30 30 30 60 35 30 0 0 0-10 Parent material (Matična podlaga) A A A DA A DA D Gr D DA D D A A A A Gr Gr A A DA Gr A A A Gr Gr Gr Soil (Tla) Li Re Li Li Li Re Li Li Re Li Re Re Re Re Li Re Re Re Re Re Re Li Re Re Re Re Re Li Stoniness in % (Kamnitost v %) 90 30 10 90 90 . . 30 20 30 30 . 10 10 90 60 20 30 20 . 10 70 40 20 40 30 20 60 Cover of tree layer in % (Zastiranje drevesne plasti v %) E3 ...... 5 . 5 . . 30 30 ...... Cover of shrub layer in % (Zastiranje grmovne plasti v %) E2 70 70 60 60 50 40 80 90 70 50 30 60 90 80 40 80 80 80 80 70 60 60 80 80 80 80 80 70 Cover of herb layer in % (Zastiranje zeliščne plasti v %) E1 30 40 40 30 30 80 60 40 60 70 80 90 70 90 20 40 70 70 80 80 80 80 60 50 70 40 40 30 Cover of moss layer in % (Zastiranje mahovne plasti v %) E0 20 40 10 30 20 5 10 5 5 10 5 . . 5 10 30 20 10 10 10 20 20 20 10 70 60 40 Number of species (Število vrst) 41 31 28 45 33 43 57 37 27 26 42 42 26 35 33 38 61 61 64 58 42 59 50 34 67 26 36 83 Relevé area (Velikost popisne ploskve) m2 100 50 50 50 100 50 50 50 100 10 100 30 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 100 100 100 50

Date of taking relevé (Datum popisa) 7/18/2001 7/5/2016 7/5/2016 10/6/2014 7/18/2001 8/28/1992 8/22/2003 8/20/2003 8/10/2012 7/26/2002 6/29/1999 8/2/2014 8/2/2016 8/2/2016 6/21/2011 7/18/2001 6/22/2015 6/22/2015 7/5/2016 5/18/2012 10/6/2014 6/11/2015 6/25/2013 7/5/2016 7/12/2016 5/1/2013 5/1/2013 7/16/2001

Locality (Nahajališče) Kraljeva Kraljeva kamra Paradana Paradana Veliki Golak Veliki Golak Lašca Pl. rob- Stanov Govčenk Poldanovec Poldanovec Drnova Bedrova grapa Muzec- Planjca Bala- Osojniki Bala- Prevala Veliki Golak Kraljeva kamra Golak Mali Golak Mali Paradana Hoje Vrh Veliki Golak Breginjski Stol-Dol Matajur- Glava Paradana gora- Črna pl. Lisec Pradol Pradol Pradol

Quadrant (Kvadrant) 0049/1 0049/1 0049/1 0049/1 0049/1 9748/1 9948/4 9949/3 9949/3 9850/1 0049/1 9746/2 9648/1 9647/2 0049/1 0049/1 0049/1 0049/1 0049/1 0049/4 0049/1 9746/2 9747/3 0049/1 9749/4 9746/4 9746/4 9746/4

Coordinate GK Y (D-48) m 414064 410873 410875 413230 413752 401015 409032 410132 409961 424127 415919 378288 397557 397454 413255 414081 412423 412435 410857 418548 413236 380857 387807 410876 418380 380753 381002 381145

Coordinate GK X (D-48) m 5092766 5094512 5094502 5093029 5092892 5124715 5097476 5096997 5097069 5112502 5094750 5127915 5139892 5139974 5093056 5092788 5093442 5093419 5094525 5088590 5093010 5127962 5119799 5094523 5121862 5120789 5120562 5120430 Diagnostic species of the associations (Diagnostične vrste asociacij) Pr. Fr. EP Rhododendron hirsutum E2a 4 4 3 4 2 1 4 3 3 3 1 1 r 2 3 1 4 1 + 2 + 1 2 4 4 1 . 1 27 96 BA Salix waldsteiniana E2a 2 2 3 1 1 ...... 1 + . + . . . . + 1 ...... 10 36 Cy Carex brachystachys E1 + 2 + . r . . . . + ...... + 1 . . . + 8 29 CF Heliosperma pusillum E1 + 2 2 + + ...... + ...... 6 21 CD Carex capillaris E1 + 1 + + + ...... + . . . . 6 21 EP Rhodothamnus chamaecistus E1 . 1 1 1 . + + . . . + ...... 6 21 OE Carex atrata E1 + . . + + ...... + ...... 4 14 AC Salix retusa E1 1 1 . . + ...... 3 11 MuA Salix glabra E2 1 + + 1 . 2 4 4 4 + 2 4 + . . 1 2 . . . + . . 1 + . . 1 18 64 EP Calamagrostis varia E1 + . + . . 2 1 2 3 + 1 + . . + + . . . 1 . . . + . . . r 14 50 ES Sesleria caerulea E1 . . . . . 1 1 + + 4 3 2 . . . . + . . . . 1 2 . . 1 . 2 12 43 EP Erica carnea E1 . . . . . 1 1 . . 2 2 + . . + . + + ...... 8 29 VP Homogyne sylvestris E1 . . . . . + 1 1 1 . r . . . . . 1 . . 1 . . + . . . . . 8 29 CF Carex ferruginea E1 . . . . . + 1 1 1 . 2 . . + ...... + . . . 7 25 AF Cyclamen purpurascens E1 . . . . . + + + . + + + . . + ...... 7 25 ES Betonica alopecuros E1 . . . . . + 1 + + . 1 1 . . + . . + ...... 8 29

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Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Pr. Fr.

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Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Pr. Fr. QP Ostrya carpinifolia E2b . . . . . + . + + . + ...... + 5 18 QP Ostrya carpinifolia E2a ...... + + + ...... 3 11 QP Ostrya carpinifolia E1 ...... 1 ...... 1 4 AF Knautia drymeia E1 ...... 1 + + . + ...... 4 14 TR Astrantia carniolica E1 . . . . . 1 1 + ...... 3 11 MuA Salix appendiculata E2b + ...... + 1 . . + 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 4 4 20 71 MuA Salix appendiculata E2a + 1 . 1 + + . . . 1 . . + . 1 . . + . 1 ...... 10 36 PC Paederota lutea E1 1 + 1 + 1 . 1 ...... 1 + + 1 + + + . + 1 . . . . 15 54 AF Cardamine trifolia E1 . . . + ...... + 1 . 2 3 2 . . . + + . 8 29 AT Polypodium vulgare E1 . . . . + ...... 2 3 1 4 14 TA Dryopteris remota E1 ...... + + + 3 11 TA Phyllitis scolopendrium E1 ...... + + . 2 7 BA Betulo-Alnetea viridis Ribes alpinum E2a ...... + . + + + + ...... 5 18 Sorbus chamaemespilus E2 ...... r . . 1 1 ...... 1 . . . 4 14 Juniperus alpina E2a ...... 1 ...... 1 . . . 2 7 Alnus viridis E2a ...... 2 . . . 1 4 MuA Mulgedio-Aconitetea Viola biflora E1 . 1 1 + 1 ...... + 1 . + + + + + + 2 + . . . . . 14 50 Veratrum album subsp. lobelianum E1 ...... + . . . 1 1 . + 1 2 1 + . . + . 1 . + . 11 39 Athyrium filix-femina E1 ...... + 1 1 1 + 2 1 . . + . . . 8 29 Geranium sylvaticum E1 ...... + + + + + . . . + ...... 6 21 Polygonatum verticillatum E1 + ...... 1 1 + . . . 1 . 1 . . . 6 21 Ranunculus platanifolius E1 ...... + 1 + + . . + . 1 . . . 6 21 Doronicum austriacum E1 ...... 1 1 2 2 . . . . . + . . . 5 18 Aconitum lycoctonum agg. (A. lupicida) E1 ...... 2 1 ...... + . 1 . . . 4 14 Saxifraga rotundifolia E1 ...... + . 1 . 1 ...... + . . . 4 14 Hypericum maculatum E1 ...... 1 + ...... + . . . 3 11 Senecio cacaliaster E1 ...... + 1 ...... + . . . 3 11 Crepis paludosa E1 ...... + ...... + . . . 2 7 Peucedanum ostruthium E1 ...... 3 2 ...... 2 7 Epilobium alpestre E1 ...... + . . + ...... 2 7 Allium victorialis E1 ...... + ...... + . . . 2 7 Chaerophyllum hirsutum E1 ...... + ...... + . . . 2 7 Pleurospermum austriacum E1 ...... + ...... 1 . . . 2 7 Adenostyles alliariae E1 ...... + . . . + . . . 2 7 Geum rivale E1 ...... + . 1 . . . 2 7 Chaerophyllum villarsii E1 ...... 2 ...... 1 4 Silene dioica E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 Pedicularis hacquetii E1 ...... 1 . . . 1 4 Carduus personata E1 ...... + . . . 1 4 Myrrhis odorata E1 ...... + . . . 1 4 Phyteuma ovatum E1 ...... + . . . 1 4 Silene vulgaris subsp. antelopum E1 ...... + . . . 1 4 RE Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetalia carneae Pinus mugo E2 . . . . + + . . . . . + . + ...... 4 14 CFir Caricion firmae Carex firma E1 . . . . . + + ...... 2 7 CA Caricion austroalpinae Laserpitium peucedanoides E1 ...... 1 . . . 1 + . + . . + ...... + . . . 6 21

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Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Pr. Fr. Festuca calva E1 ...... + ...... 1 ...... 2 7 Carduus crassifolius E1 ...... 1 ...... 1 4 Centaurea haynaldii subsp. julica E1 ...... 1 ...... 1 4 Gentiana lutea subsp. symphyandra E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 CF Caricion ferrugineae Knautia longifolia E1 ...... + 1 ...... 2 7 Malaxis monophyllos E1 . . . . . + ...... 1 4 Serratula macrocephala E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 Lathyrus occidentalis var. montanus E1 ...... + . . . 1 4 Cerastium subtriflorum E1 ...... + 1 4 SV Seslerietalia coeruleae Erigeron glabratus E1 . . . + ...... 1 4 Gentiana clusii E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 Leucanthemum heterophyllum E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 Leontopodium alpinum E1 ...... r ...... 1 4 Galium anisophyllum E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 ES Elyno-Seslerietea Aster bellidiastrum E1 + . . 1 + . + . . . + . . . . . + . . + . . 1 . + . . . 9 32 Campanula witasekiana E1 + . . + + + + . . . . + . . . . + ...... 7 25 Phyteuma orbiculare E1 . . . . . + . . . . . + ...... + . . 1 4 14 Hieracium villosum E1 + . . + ...... + . . . . . 3 11 Scabiosa lucida subsp. stricta E1 ...... + . . + ...... 2 7 Polygonum viviparum E1 ...... + . . 1 . . . 2 7 Thymus praecoxsubsp . polytrichus E1 . . . + ...... 1 4 Selaginella selaginoides E1 . . . . . + ...... 1 4 Senecio abrotanifolius E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 Hieracium pilosum E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 Carex sempervirens E1 ...... 1 ...... 1 4 Myosotis alpestris E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 Ranunculus montanus E1 ...... 1 ...... 1 4 Astrantia bavarica E1 ...... + . . . 1 4 Euphrasia salisburgensis E1 ...... r 1 4 NS Nardion strictae Potentilla erecta E1 ...... 1 ...... 1 4 JT Juncetea trifidi Campanula scheuchzeri E1 ...... + ...... + + . . . . . 3 11 Botrychium lunaria E1 ...... r 1 4 AC Arabidetalia caeruleae Salix serpyllifolia E1 . . . . 3 ...... 1 4 Soldanella minima E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 Soldanella alpina E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii Adenostyles glabra E1 ...... r 3 3 + + . . . 1 . 1 . + . + . + . + . . r 12 43 Gymnocarpium robertianum E1 . . . . . + 1 3 3 . . . . 1 . . . . r . . + . . . . . + 8 29 Hieracium bifidum E1 ...... 1 + . . . r ...... + . + . . . . 5 18 Dryopteris villarii E1 ...... + . . . + + . . . + + . . . . . 5 18 Festuca nitida E1 ...... + 1 ...... + . . . 3 11 Molopospermum peloponnesiacum subsp. bauhinii E1 ...... 1 1 . . . . + 3 11 Campanula cochleariifolia E1 . + ...... + 2 7 Campanula cespitosa E1 ...... + . . + ...... 2 7

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Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Pr. Fr. Petasites paradoxus E1 ...... + + ...... 2 7 Valeriana montana E1 ...... + 1 ...... 2 7 Rhodiola rosea E1 ...... + ...... 1 . . . 2 7 Cystopteris montana E1 ...... + + ...... 2 7 Geranium macrorrhizum E1 ...... 1 . . . 3 . . 2 7 Rumex scutatus E1 . . . . . + ...... 1 4 Heliosperma alpestre E1 . . . . . + ...... 1 4 Saxifraga caesia E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 Hieracium porrifolium E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 Aquilegia einseleana E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 Arabis alpina E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 Hieracium caesium E1 ...... + . . . . 1 4 Ligusticum seguieri E1 ...... r 1 4 PS Physoplexido-Saxifragion petraeae Campanula carnica E1 . . . . . + ...... + 2 7 Phyteuma scheuchzeri subsp. columnae E1 + ...... 1 4 Saxifraga crustata E1 ...... r ...... 1 4 PC Potentilletalia caulescentis Valeriana saxatilis E1 1 1 2 + + + 1 . . 2 1 + . . . . + . . + + . . 1 . . . . 14 50 Primula auricula E1 . 2 ...... 1 . . . . . 2 7 Cy Cystopteridion fragilis Cystopteris fragilis E1 + + ...... + . . . . . + + + + + . . . . + 9 32 Cystopteris regia E1 . . . . + ...... 1 . . . . + ...... 3 11 Primula carniolica E1 . . + ...... r ...... 2 7 Saxifraga petraea E1 ...... r 1 4 AT Asplenietea trichomanis Asplenium viride E1 + . . + + . + + . . . . . + . + + + + + + 1 + 1 . . . + 16 57 Valeriana tripteris E1 ...... + ...... 1 1 + 1 . 1 1 + . . . + 9 32 Asplenium ruta-muraria E1 + . . + + ...... + ...... 1 5 18 Asplenium trichomanes E1 . . . . + ...... + + ...... + + 5 18 Moehringia muscosa E1 . . . + ...... + ...... 2 7 Polypodium interjectum E1 ...... + + . 2 7 Hieracium glaucum E1 ...... r ...... 1 4 Micromeria thymifolia E1 ...... + 1 4 Ceterach javorkeanum E1 ...... r 1 4 CD Caricetalia davallianae Parnassia palustris E1 + + . + . 1 + + . . + ...... 7 25 Pinguicula alpina E1 1 . . . . . + . . . + r ...... + . . . . . 5 18 Tofieldia calyculata E1 + . . . . . + . . + 1 + ...... 5 18 PoT Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia Poa alpina E1 . + . . + ...... + . + + . . . 5 18 Ranunculus nemorosus E1 ...... + . . . 1 4 Trollius europaeus E1 ...... + . . . 1 4 MA Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Dactylis glomerata E1 ...... + ...... + . . . 2 7 Lotus corniculatus E1 . . . . . + + ...... 2 7 Leontodon hispidus E1 . . . . . + ...... 1 4 Deschampsia cespitosa E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 Angelica sylvestris E1 ...... + . . . 1 4 Trifolium pratense E1 ...... + . . . 1 4

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Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Pr. Fr. Taraxacum officinale E1 ...... + 1 4 FB Festuco-Brometea Gymnadenia conopsea E1 . . . . . + + . . + ...... 3 11 Carlina acaulis E1 ...... + + ...... 2 7 Bromopsis transsilvanica E1 ...... + ...... + 2 7 Carex humilis E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 Brachypodium rupestre E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 Linum catharticum E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 Galium verum E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 Koeleria pyramidata E1 ...... r 1 4 Galium lucidum E1 ...... r 1 4 TG Trifolio-Geranietea Grafia golaka E1 ...... + . . 2 ...... 2 7 Lilium carniolicum E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 Polygonatum odoratum E1 ...... 1 ...... 1 4 Laserpitium latifolium E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 GU Galio-Urticetea Urtica dioica E1 ...... + . . + . 1 2 . . . + + . 6 21 Lamium maculatum E1 ...... r 1 4 SSC Sambuco-Salicion capreae, Rhamno-Prunetea Sorbus aucuparia E3a ...... 1 . . 3 2 ...... 3 11 Sorbus aucuparia E2b + . . . + + ...... + . 1 1 + . . . 1 + . 2 . + . 11 39 Sorbus aucuparia E2a ...... + . . . . . + . + . . r 4 14 Sorbus aucuparia E1 + ...... + 2 7 Juniperus communis E2a ...... + 1 4 EA Epilobietea angustifolii Rubus idaeus E2a ...... + . 1 + + 2 1 1 . . + + + 10 36 Fragaria vesca E1 ...... + . . + . + . . . . 3 11 Sambucus racemosa E2 ...... + . + ...... 2 7 Hypericum hirsutum E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 EP Erico-Pinetea Rubus saxatilis E1 1 + + + + . 1 1 1 . . . . . + + 1 . . + . + 2 1 1 . . + 17 61 Cirsium erisithales E1 ...... 1 1 . + 1 . . + . . + . + . . + . + . . . 9 32 Carex ornithopoda E1 + . + + + . . + . + ...... + . . . . . 7 25 Buphthalmum salicifolium E1 ...... + + . . 1 + . . + ...... 5 18 Polygala chamaebuxus E1 ...... + . . 1 1 ...... 3 11 Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea E1 ...... 1 + . . 3 ...... 3 11 Amelanchier ovalis E2 . . . . . + . . . . 1 ...... 2 7 Allium ericetorum E1 ...... + . . . . + ...... 2 7 Chamaecytisus hirsutus E1 ...... r . + ...... 2 7 Aquilegia nigricans E1 ...... + ...... r 2 7 Pinus nigra E2a ...... r ...... 1 4 Leontodon incanus E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 Asperula aristata E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 VP Vaccinio-Piceetea Clematis alpina E2a 1 + 1 + + 1 1 + + ...... + 1 1 1 2 + 2 1 2 + . . 1 20 71 Rosa pendulina E2a . . . . . + + + + . + . . . 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 . . . 16 57 Gentiana asclepiadea E1 . . . . . + 1 + + . . . . . + + 1 1 1 + + . 1 . + . . . 13 46 Vaccinium myrtillus E1 . . . + ...... 1 . . + 1 + + 2 + + + . 1 . 3 r 13 46 Phegopteris connectilis E1 + . + . . + + ...... 2 2 1 2 3 + 3 + . + . . . 13 46

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Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Pr. Fr. Lonicera caerulea E2a 1 . + + + ...... 3 2 2 2 . + 4 . + 1 . . . 12 43 Vaccinium vitis-idaea E1 2 + 1 2 + ...... + + . . . + + . 1 + . . + 12 43 Picea abies E3a ...... + ...... 1 4 Picea abies E2b ...... + ...... + + . . . . + + . r + 7 25 Picea abies E2a + + + ...... 1 + . . . . r + . + + . . . + . . . + 11 39 Picea abies E1 ...... + ...... + 2 7 Calamagrostis arundinacea E1 . . . + ...... 1 1 2 . . + 1 1 . + + . 9 32 Solidago virgaurea E1 1 . . + ...... + . . . . . + 1 . . . r 6 21 Dryopteris dilatata E1 . . . + ...... + . . 1 2 1 . . + . . . 6 21 Gymnocarpium dryopteris E1 ...... 1 1 . 1 1 + 1 ...... 6 21 Huperzia selago E1 . . 1 + ...... + . . . + . . . + 5 18 Lycopodium annotinum E1 . . 1 ...... + . . + . . . . + . + . 5 18 Abies alba E2b ...... + . . . . + + . . . 3 11 Abies alba E2a ...... r . . . + ...... + . . . + . . . . 4 14 Abies alba E1 . + ...... r ...... + . . . . 3 11 Pyrola rotundifolia E1 . 1 + ...... + . . . + 4 14 Calamagrostis villosa E1 . . . + ...... + . . . . 1 . . . 1 . . . 4 14 Veronica urticifolia E1 . . . . . + ...... + + . . + . . . . . 4 14 Polystichum lonchitis E1 ...... + + . . 1 1 ...... 4 14 Aposeris foetida E1 . . . . . + ...... 1 1 ...... 3 11 Luzula sylvatica E1 ...... + 1 ...... + ...... 3 11 Dryopteris expansa E1 ...... + . . 1 . . + ...... 3 11 Lonicera nigra E2a ...... 2 2 ...... 1 . 3 11 Saxifraga cuneifolia E1 ...... + ...... 1 + 3 11 Hieracium murorum E1 . . . . . + + ...... 2 7 Maianthemum bifolium E1 ...... + . 1 ...... 2 7 Larix decidua E2a ...... + ...... 1 4 Luzula luzulina E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 Luzula luzuloides E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 Melampyrum sylvaticum E1 ...... + . . . . 1 4 Luzula pilosa E1 ...... + . 1 4 Homogyne alpina E1 ...... + 1 4 TA Tilio-Acerion Acer pseudoplatanus E3a ...... r ...... 1 4 Acer pseudoplatanus E2b ...... + + . . . . . + ...... 1 . . . 4 14 Acer pseudoplatanus E2a ...... + . + . . . + ...... + . . . 4 14 Acer pseudoplatanus E1 + . . + . . + + . + 1 . . . . . + + . . + ...... 9 32 Adoxa moschatellina E1 . . + ...... + . . + . + + . . . . + . 6 21 Thalictrum aquilegiifolium E1 ...... + ...... 1 . + . . . + + 1 . . . 6 21 Chrysosplenium alternifolium E1 ...... + . . + + . 2 . . . . + . 5 18 Aruncus dioicus E1 ...... r + + . . 1 . . . . . 4 14 Polystichum aculeatum E1 ...... + + ...... 2 7 Tilia platyphyllos E3a ...... r ...... 1 4 Polystichum braunii E1 ...... r . 1 4 AF Aremonio-Fagion Omphalodes verna E1 ...... + ...... + . + + 1 + ...... 6 21 Rhamnus fallax E2 ...... + 1 ...... 2 7 Anemone trifolia E1 . . . . . + ...... 1 4 Helleborus niger E1 ...... 1 ...... 1 4 Cardamine enneaphyllos E1 ...... + . 1 4

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257 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina 16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia)

Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Pr. Fr. FS Fagetalia sylvaticae Lonicera alpigena E2a ...... + + . . . . . + + + 1 + 2 + . + . . + + . 12 43 Paris quadrifolia E1 ...... + ...... + . + 1 + + + + . . . . . 8 29 Dryopteris filix-mas E1 ...... r . + + 1 + 1 1 . . . . . + 8 29 Daphne mezereum E2a ...... + . . . . . 1 + . . + . + . . . . + + . . . 7 25 Melica nutans E1 . . . . . + ...... + . . + + + . . + . . 1 . . . 7 25 Fagus sylvatica E2a ...... + . . r + . . . + . + + ...... 6 21 Mercurialis perennis E1 . . . . . + . + + . . 1 ...... + . . . . 1 . . . 6 21 Poa nemoralis E1 . . . + ...... + + . + ...... 4 14 Actaea spicata E1 ...... + . . . . . + . . 1 + ...... 4 14 Symphytum tuberosum E1 ...... + . . + . + + ...... 4 14 Fagus sylvatica E2b . . . . . + . + + ...... 3 11 Fagus sylvatica E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 Epilobium montanum E1 ...... + . . . + + ...... 3 11 Galeobdolon flavidum E1 ...... 1 . . . 1 1 ...... 3 11 Pulmonaria officinalis E1 ...... + + + ...... 3 11 Myosotis sylvatica agg. E1 ...... + + ...... + 3 11 Lilium martagon E1 ...... + ...... + . . . . . 2 7 Viola reichenbachiana E1 ...... + ...... r 2 7 Galium laevigatum E1 ...... 1 . + . . . 2 7 Luzula nivea E1 ...... + + 2 7 Laburnum alpinum E2 ...... + ...... 1 4 Phyteuma spicatum subsp. coeruleum E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 Asarum europaeum subsp. caucasicum E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 Scrophularia nodosa E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 Lathyrus vernus E1 ...... + . . . . . 1 4 Festuca altissima E1 ...... + . 1 4 Fraxinus excelsior E1 ...... + 1 4 QP Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae Oxalis acetosella E1 ...... + + + + + 1 . . 1 + . + 9 32 Convallaria majalis E1 ...... + 1 . . . . . + ...... + . . . 4 14 Sorbus aria E2 . . . . . + . . . . . + ...... 2 7 Melittis melissophyllum E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 Fraxinus ornus E2a ...... r 1 4 QF Querco-Fagetea Anemone nemorosa E1 ...... + ...... 1 1 1 1 1 . . + + . . . . 8 29 Hepatica nobilis E1 . . . . . + 1 ...... + . + . + . . . . 5 18 Lonicera xylosteum E2a ...... + 1 . 2 7 Corylus avellana E2a ...... + . + 2 7 Listera ovata E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 Carex digitata E1 ...... + ...... 1 4 O Other species (Druge vrste) Hieracium sp. E1 + ...... + 2 7 Festuca sp. E1 ...... + 1 4 ML Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lišaji) Tortella tortuosa E0 1 1 . + 1 . + + + + + . . + + + . . + + + + + + . . . 1 19 68 Ctenidium molluscum E0 . + . + . . + . . . + . . . + + 1 1 1 2 + 1 + + . 1 + 1 17 61 Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus E0 + + 1 1 1 . 1 + ...... 2 . 1 2 . 1 + 1 1 1 2 2 17 61 Hylocomium splendens E0 . 1 1 . . . 1 ...... 2 . 1 1 + . + 2 3 10 36 Dicranum scoparium E0 . 1 1 + ...... + + ...... + 1 + 8 29 Orthothecium rufescens E0 . 1 1 + + . + ...... 1 . + ...... + 8 29 Sanionia uncinata E0 1 1 1 2 1 ...... 1 . . . . + + 8 29

258 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina 16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia)

259 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina 16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia)

Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Pr. Fr. Fissidens dubius E0 ...... + + + + + ...... + . . . . . 6 21 Schistidium apocarpum E0 + . . + + . . . . . + ...... + ...... 1 6 21 Peltigera canina E0 . . . + ...... + . + + . + . . . . + . 6 21 Polytrichum formosum E0 . . . + ...... + 1 . . . . . + 1 . 5 18 Hypnum cupressiforme E0 . . . + ...... + . . . . . + + 4 14 Marchantia polymorpha E0 ...... + + ...... + + ...... 4 14 Mnium sp. E0 + ...... 1 ...... 1 . 3 11 Peltigera leucophlebia E0 . + ...... + . . . 1 ...... 3 11 Rhytidiadelphus loreus E0 ...... 1 . . . . . + . 1 3 11 Plagiomnium undulatum E0 ...... 2 1 + 3 11 Encalypta streptocarpa E0 + ...... + 2 7 Plagiochila porelloides E0 . . . + . . + ...... 2 7 Conocephalum conicum E0 ...... + . . + ...... 2 7 Pseudoleskeella catenulata E0 ...... 1 . . 1 ...... 2 7 Rhizomnium punctatum E0 ...... + ...... + 2 7 Mnium thomsonii E0 ...... 1 . . . . . + 2 7 Solorina saccata E0 ...... + . . . . + 2 7 Neckera crispa E0 ...... + . + 2 7 Polytrichum sp. E0 + ...... 1 4 Musci sp. E0 . . . . 1 ...... 1 4 Bryum capillare E0 ...... + ...... 1 4 Eurhynchium zetterstedtii E0 ...... + ...... 1 4 Plagiothecium undulatum E0 ...... + ...... 1 4 Thuidium tamariscinum E0 ...... + . . 1 4 Cladonia sp. E0 ...... + . . 1 4 Cladonia pyxidata E0 ...... 1 1 4 Ditrichum flexicaule E0 ...... 1 1 4 Homalothecium philippeanum E0 ...... 1 1 4 Bryum sp. E0 ...... + 1 4 Dicranum sp. E0 ...... + 1 4 Homalothecium lutescens E0 ...... + 1 4 Radula sp. E0 ...... + 1 4 Cetraria islandica E0 ...... + 1 4 Cladonia fimbriata E0 ...... + 1 4 Cladonia furcata E0 ...... + 1 4 Squamarina sp. E0 ...... + 1 4

Legend – Legenda 1–5 Heliospermo pusillae-Rhododendretum hirsuti 6–12 Homogyno sylvestris-Salicetum glabare 13–28 Rhododendro hirsuti-Salicetum appendiculatae Pr. Presence (number of relevés in which the species is presented) – število popisov, v katerih se pojavlja vrsta Fr. Frequency in % – frekvenca v % E2a Lower shrub layer – spodnja grmovna plast E2b Upper shrub layer – zgornja grmovna plast ID Igor Dakskobler A Limestone – apnenec D Dolomite – dolomit Gr Gravel – grušč Li Lithosol – kamnišče Re Rendzina – rendzina

260 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina 16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia)

261 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina

16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities

in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia)

PK ApSaph

...... 19 ...... 7 0

14 100

PK ApSapa

......

12 18 67 100

DL ScSw

...... 5 0

20 20 20 17 20 20 20 20 20 20 100

BS RhJa

...... 9

22 16 82 14 54 100 100 100

ID HoSg

...... 7

43 29 14 71 15 29 71 14 43 71 14 14 14 14 14 100 100

ID HpRh

...... 5

14 60 80 20 60 80 100 100 100

PK ApSaty

...... 9

13 22 67 33 11 11 11 100

IH RhSa-Cr

......

10 12 30 10 30 70 50 30 100

ID RhSa

...... 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

16 13 11 94 19 44 13 31 25 13 19 31 13 100

PK Sg-A

...... 8 8 8

25 25 12 83 10 58 17 50 58 58 100 100

PEHSJG Sg-Ba

...... 7 9

86 57 57 14 43 14 29 100

PK Sw-A

...... 8 7 7

14 71 79 29 14 14 36 29 21 14 100

MZVŽ LpSw-hs

...... 9 7

78 89 44 33 44 44 11 44 11 22 11 22 22 89 22 11 33 22 11 78 33 11 33 22 100 100

IDBSTW LpSw

...... 7 7 6 7 7 7 7 7

21 21 57 21 14 14 14 29 14 21 64 14 57 43 71 21 50 29 14 36 100

LPGOCF RcJa 14

...... 7 5 7 7 7 7 7

64 14 29 79 43 50 86 14 14 14 14 21 100 100

ID Rhvm

......

4 10 10 90 50 30 40 10 20 40 10 60 70 10 10 20 10 50 10 50 30 30 50 10 10 10

IDBS DrRhsw

...... 3 9

22 44 22 22 11 33 44 11 22 11 11 22 11 11 11 22 22 78 11 56 33 11 22 56 44 22 44 100 100

IDBS DrRhcf

...... 2 9 9 9 9 9

11 27 82 18 27 18 73 55 45 27 27 27 18 18 45 36 100 100 100

ESP DrRh ...... 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 13 85 31 46 15 62 46 15 31 15 54 31 15 15 15 100 100 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E2a E1 E1 E1 E1 E2 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E2 E1 E2a E1 E2a E2 E1 E2 E1 E1 E1 E2a E1 E2b E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E2a E1 E1 E2a E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 . montanus alpinum Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) number (Zaporedna Succesive sintakonov) for syntaxa (Oznaka Sign popisov) (Število of relevés Number alpina Salix Caricion firmaeCaricion Dryas octopetala Primula wulfeniana Primula Carex firma Carex Serratula tinctoria subsp . macrocephala Serratula Ranunculus hybridus Oxytropido-Elynion serotina Lloydia Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetalia carneae Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetalia hirsutum Rhododendron Author of relevés (Avtor popisov) popisov) (Avtor of relevés Author Rhodothamnus chamaecistus Erica carnea Erica Heliosperma pusillum Heliosperma Silene acaulis Silene Pinus mugo Pinus Pedicularis rostratocapitata Pedicularis Sesleria sphaerocephala Sesleria Rhododendron x i ntermediumRhododendron Phyteuma sieberi Phyteuma Carex atrata Carex Horminum pyrenaicum Horminum Festuca quadriflora Festuca Helianthemum alpestre Helianthemum Betulo-Alnetea viridis Betulo-Alnetea glabra Salix Oxytropis neglecta Juniperus alpina Juniperus Gentiana nivalis Gentiana Salix waldsteiniana Salix Sorbus chamaemespilus Gentiana pumila Gentiana Salix foetida Salix Antennaria carpatica Antennaria Hedysarum hedysaroides Hedysarum Cerastium subtriflorum Cerastium Alnus viridis Alnus Knautia longifolia Salix appendiculata Salix Pedicularis rostrato-spicata Pedicularis Cerastium cf. Cerastium Pedicularis recutita Pedicularis Malaxis monophyllos Malaxis Caricion austroalpinae Caricion eriostachya Koeleria Ribes petraeum Lathyrus occidentalis var Carex austroalpina Carex Ribes alpinum Luzula glabrata Luzula Pulsatilla alpina subsp . austroalpina Pulsatilla Laserpitium peucedanoides Arabis vochinensis Arabis Seslerietalia coeruleae Seslerietalia monanthos Juncus Festuca calva Festuca Leontopodium alpinum Heracleum austriacum s. lat. Heracleum Galium anisophyllum Galium symphyandra lutea subsp. Gentiana ) Leucanthemum maximum agg. ( L. heterophyllum Carduus crassifolius crassifolius Carduus Achillea clavenae Achillea julica haynaldii subsp. Centaurea Gentiana clusii Gentiana Caricion ferrugineaeCaricion ferruginea Carex spp. dominated subalpine shrubs in (SE)Alps and Dinaric Alps dominated subalpine shrubs in (SE)Alps and Dinaric spp. hirsutum and Salix table of Rhododendron 5: Synthetic Table gorstvu Alpah in Dinarskem v (Jugovzhodnih) spp. hirsutum in Salix Rhododendron vrstami subalpinskih grmišč s prevladujočimi preglednica 5: Sintezna Tabela CFir OE RE BA CA SV CF

262 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina

16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities

in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia)

PK ApSaph

...... 19 ...... 7 0

14 100

PK ApSapa

......

12 18 67 100

DL ScSw

...... 5 0

20 20 20 17 20 20 20 20 20 20 100

BS RhJa

...... 9

22 16 82 14 54 100 100 100

ID HoSg

...... 7

43 29 14 71 15 29 71 14 43 71 14 14 14 14 14 100 100

ID HpRh

...... 5

14 60 80 20 60 80 100 100 100

PK ApSaty

...... 9

13 22 67 33 11 11 11 100

IH RhSa-Cr

......

10 12 30 10 30 70 50 30 100

ID RhSa

...... 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

16 13 11 94 19 44 13 31 25 13 19 31 13 100

PK Sg-A

...... 8 8 8

25 25 12 83 10 58 17 50 58 58 100 100

PEHSJG Sg-Ba

...... 7 9

86 57 57 14 43 14 29 100

PK Sw-A

...... 8 7 7

14 71 79 29 14 14 36 29 21 14 100

MZVŽ LpSw-hs

...... 9 7

78 89 44 33 44 44 11 44 11 22 11 22 22 89 22 11 33 22 11 78 33 11 33 22 100 100

IDBSTW LpSw

...... 7 7 6 7 7 7 7 7

21 21 57 21 14 14 14 29 14 21 64 14 57 43 71 21 50 29 14 36 100

LPGOCF RcJa 14

...... 7 5 7 7 7 7 7

64 14 29 79 43 50 86 14 14 14 14 21 100 100

ID Rhvm

......

4 10 10 90 50 30 40 10 20 40 10 60 70 10 10 20 10 50 10 50 30 30 50 10 10 10

IDBS DrRhsw

...... 3 9

22 44 22 22 11 33 44 11 22 11 11 22 11 11 11 22 22 78 11 56 33 11 22 56 44 22 44 100 100

IDBS DrRhcf

...... 2 9 9 9 9 9

11 27 82 18 27 18 73 55 45 27 27 27 18 18 45 36 100 100 100

263 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina 16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia) ...... 19 ...... 20 86 ...... 8 18 ...... 20 17 60 20 60 20 20 20 60 40 60 20 80 80 60 20 40 20 20 20 100 ...... 5 16 64 54 ...... 15 29 29 86 14 14 14 14 57 57 43 14 43 100 ...... 14 60 20 20 60 40 20 20 60 100 ...... 13 11 11 22 11 ...... 12 70 20 30 ...... 6 . 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 11 13 13 31 25 13 ...... 8 10 67 42 50 75 67 58 33 42 25 67 50 17 33 36 25 25 ...... 9 14 29 29 71 43 14 29 29 14 14 29 43 43 43 29 ...... 8 7 7 36 21 14 25 36 21 21 36 ...... 7 44 11 44 11 33 56 22 56 67 67 22 11 11 11 22 11 22 33 11 22 11 11 22 22 11 22 22 22 ...... 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 21 50 21 14 14 29 64 21 14 29 50 43 50 29 29 21 29 57 14 14 36 14 14 ...... 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 36 14 64 36 29 14 14 14 14 ...... 4 10 10 10 30 20 10 40 30 70 10 30 10 20 10 10 20 10 20 20 ...... 3 22 11 89 78 44 78 11 22 89 11 11 78 56 11 33 22 33 44 56 56 44 56 22 33 11 11 11 11 44 22 100 100 ...... 2 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 18 64 45 18 73 91 73 27 18 55 18 27 27 45 36 ...... 1 8 8 8 8 8 69 54 54 46 46 38 31 23 23 69 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) number (Zaporedna Succesive orbiculare Phyteuma Cerastium strictum Cerastium Myosotis suaveolens Myosotis Nigritella bicolor Nigritella Polygala alpestris Polygala Hieracium valdepilosum Hieracium Elyno-Seslerietea viviparum Polygonum Ranunculus carinthiacus Rhinanthus glacialis subsp. lucida Scabiosa lucida subsp. Bartsia alpina Potentilla crantzii Potentilla Astrantia bavarica Astrantia Acinos alpinus Acinos Sesleria caerulea Sesleria Helictotrichon parlatorei Helictotrichon Alchemilla alpigena Alchemilla Alchemilla hoppeana Alchemilla Aster bellidiastrum Saussurea discolor Saussurea Betonica alopecuros Betonica Ligusticum mutellina Ligusticum Selaginella selaginoides Selaginella Geranium argenteum Geranium Carex sempervirens Carex Globularia nudicaulis Globularia Anthyllis vulneraria subsp . alpestris vulneraria Anthyllis Leucanthemum atratum Daphne striata Daphne Polygala amara Polygala Senecio abrotanifolius Senecio Erigeron glabratus Erigeron Gentianella anisodonta Gentianella stricta Scabiosa lucida subsp. Euphrasia salisburgensis Euphrasia Helianthemum nitidum Helianthemum Linum julicum Linum Viola zoysii Viola Lotus alpinus Seslerietalia juncifoliae Seslerietalia pungens Festuca Pedicularis verticillata Pedicularis Caricetalia davallianae Caricetalia calyculata Tofieldia Agrostis alpina Agrostis Sesleria juncifolia Sesleria Anemone narcissiflora Anemone Parnassia palustris Parnassia Carduus defloratus agg. defloratus Carduus Scabiosa cinerea Hieracium villosum Hieracium Pinguicula alpina Pinguicula Globularia cordifolia Globularia Ranunculus scutatus (R. thora) Ranunculus scutatus (R. thora) grandiflorum nummularium subsp. Helianthemum Pinguicula leptoceras Pinguicula Homogyne discolor Alchemilla velebitica Alchemilla Alchemilla fallax Alchemilla Carex capillaris Carex Ranunculus montanus Knautia dinarica Gentiana verna Gentiana Sesleria uliginosa Sesleria Thesium alpinum Agrostis vranicensis ( A. rupestris agg.) vranicensis Agrostis Hieracium pilosum Hieracium Montio-Cardaminetea aizoides Saxifraga Thymus praecox subsp . polytrichus Thymus praecox Alyssum bosniacum ( A. scardicum) Alyssum Campanula witasekiana Campanula Cardamine amara Cardamine Myosotis alpestris Myosotis Linum extraxillare Linum Nigritella rhellicani Nigritella ES SJ CD MC

264 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina 16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia) ...... 19 ...... 20 86 ...... 8 18 ...... 20 17 60 20 60 20 20 20 60 40 60 20 80 80 60 20 40 20 20 20 100 ...... 5 16 64 54 ...... 15 29 29 86 14 14 14 14 57 57 43 14 43 100 ...... 14 60 20 20 60 40 20 20 60 100 ...... 13 11 11 22 11 ...... 12 70 20 30 ...... 6 . 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 11 13 13 31 25 13 ...... 8 10 67 42 50 75 67 58 33 42 25 67 50 17 33 36 25 25 ...... 9 14 29 29 71 43 14 29 29 14 14 29 43 43 43 29 ...... 8 7 7 36 21 14 25 36 21 21 36 ...... 7 44 11 44 11 33 56 22 56 67 67 22 11 11 11 22 11 22 33 11 22 11 11 22 22 11 22 22 22 ...... 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 21 50 21 14 14 29 64 21 14 29 50 43 50 29 29 21 29 57 14 14 36 14 14 ...... 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 36 14 64 36 29 14 14 14 14 ...... 4 10 10 10 30 20 10 40 30 70 10 30 10 20 10 10 20 10 20 20 ...... 3 22 11 89 78 44 78 11 22 89 11 11 78 56 11 33 22 33 44 56 56 44 56 22 33 11 11 11 11 44 22 100 100 ...... 2 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 18 64 45 18 73 91 73 27 18 55 18 27 27 45 36 ...... 1 8 8 8 8 8 69 54 54 46 46 38 31 23 23 69 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) number (Zaporedna Succesive orbiculare Phyteuma Cerastium strictum Cerastium Myosotis suaveolens Myosotis Nigritella bicolor Nigritella Polygala alpestris Polygala Hieracium valdepilosum Hieracium Elyno-Seslerietea viviparum Polygonum Ranunculus carinthiacus Rhinanthus glacialis subsp. lucida Scabiosa lucida subsp. Bartsia alpina Potentilla crantzii Potentilla Astrantia bavarica Astrantia Acinos alpinus Acinos Sesleria caerulea Sesleria Helictotrichon parlatorei Helictotrichon Alchemilla alpigena Alchemilla Alchemilla hoppeana Alchemilla Aster bellidiastrum Saussurea discolor Saussurea Betonica alopecuros Betonica Ligusticum mutellina Ligusticum Selaginella selaginoides Selaginella Geranium argenteum Geranium Carex sempervirens Carex Globularia nudicaulis Globularia Anthyllis vulneraria subsp . alpestris vulneraria Anthyllis Leucanthemum atratum Daphne striata Daphne Polygala amara Polygala Senecio abrotanifolius Senecio Erigeron glabratus Erigeron Gentianella anisodonta Gentianella stricta Scabiosa lucida subsp. Euphrasia salisburgensis Euphrasia Helianthemum nitidum Helianthemum Linum julicum Linum Viola zoysii Viola Lotus alpinus Seslerietalia juncifoliae Seslerietalia pungens Festuca Pedicularis verticillata Pedicularis Caricetalia davallianae Caricetalia calyculata Tofieldia Agrostis alpina Agrostis Sesleria juncifolia Sesleria Anemone narcissiflora Anemone Parnassia palustris Parnassia Carduus defloratus agg. defloratus Carduus Scabiosa cinerea Hieracium villosum Hieracium Pinguicula alpina Pinguicula Globularia cordifolia Globularia Ranunculus scutatus (R. thora) Ranunculus scutatus (R. thora) grandiflorum nummularium subsp. Helianthemum Pinguicula leptoceras Pinguicula Homogyne discolor Alchemilla velebitica Alchemilla Alchemilla fallax Alchemilla Carex capillaris Carex Ranunculus montanus Knautia dinarica Gentiana verna Gentiana Sesleria uliginosa Sesleria Thesium alpinum Agrostis vranicensis ( A. rupestris agg.) vranicensis Agrostis Hieracium pilosum Hieracium Montio-Cardaminetea aizoides Saxifraga Thymus praecox subsp . polytrichus Thymus praecox Alyssum bosniacum ( A. scardicum) Alyssum Campanula witasekiana Campanula Cardamine amara Cardamine Myosotis alpestris Myosotis Linum extraxillare Linum Nigritella rhellicani Nigritella ES SJ CD MC

265 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina 16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia) ...... 19 ...... 14 14 29 57 29 57 ...... 8 8 8 42 18 33 33 50 75 42 25 58 17 50 33 17 17 17 58 58 25 25 ...... 20 17 80 20 40 40 40 20 20 20 40 20 40 40 20 20 100 ...... 5 5 5 5 5 9 5 16 18 ...... 15 14 14 14 ...... 14 80 20 ...... 0 56 13 78 11 89 33 44 44 33 89 44 22 67 22 11 11 33 33 56 11 11 22 78 44 89 33 11 22 56 22 100 ...... 12 30 50 10 90 50 10 50 70 30 10 50 ...... 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 13 11 38 13 63 13 13 63 25 13 50 19 13 19 13 38 31 19 25 31 ...... 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 33 33 83 42 50 42 25 42 42 17 58 17 ...... 9 29 71 29 14 14 29 14 43 29 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 43 14 14 14 14 14 100 100 ...... 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 14 93 14 14 36 50 57 29 21 14 21 21 21 57 21 21 43 21 29 29 21 86 14 36 100 ...... 7 22 22 22 11 78 11 11 33 78 11 22 11 44 55 78 11 44 11 67 44 11 67 56 44 11 33 33 33 11 33 33 22 56 ...... 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 50 36 43 71 29 43 21 79 14 50 14 14 14 36 14 36 21 29 43 14 50 64 36 ...... 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 43 21 36 29 14 14 21 21 14 ...... 4 20 40 70 40 10 10 30 10 30 10 30 20 80 20 60 20 10 40 10 30 10 10 10 10 ...... 3 11 11 89 33 11 11 22 11 11 11 56 22 ...... 2 9 18 45 18 ...... 1 8 8 8 8 31 46 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) number (Zaporedna Succesive odorata Myrrhis (inc. subsp. H. pollinianum ) montanum (inc. subsp. shondylium subsp. Heracleum Nardion strictae Nardion erecta Potentilla Allium victorialis Allium Mulgedio-Aconitetea sylvaticum Geranium Primula elatior Primula a gg.) rubra ( F. nigrescens Festuca Viola biflora Viola dioica Silene Pleurospermum austriacum Pleurospermum Coeloglossum viride Aconitum angustifolium Aconitum Knautia dispacifolia ( K. maxima ) Adenostyles alliariae Adenostyles flabellata Alchemilla Veratrum album s. lat. Veratrum napellus agg. Aconitum Crepis pyrenaica Crepis pannonica Gentiana Aconitum lycoctonum agg. ( A. lupicida ) lycoctonum Aconitum nemorum Stellaria Epilobium alpestre Epilobium pumilum Galium Athyrium filix-femina Athyrium agg. variegatum Aconitum Hieracium prenanthoides Hieracium tenuis Agrostis Hypericum maculatum Hypericum pallens Alchemilla Senecio ovatus Senecio acetosella Rumex Chaerophyllum hirsutum Chaerophyllum austriaca Euphorbia subsp. paniculatum degenii subsp. Aconitum Juncetea trifidi Juncetea scheuchzeri Campanula Peucedanum ostruthium Peucedanum subalpinus Senecio Carduus personata Carduus agg.) nipponicum ( A. odoratum Anthoxanthum Ranunculus platanifolius hacquetii Pedicularis Crepis paludosa Crepis minima Euphrasia Poa hybrida Poa ovatum Phyteuma Eryngium alpinum minuta subsp. Solidago virgaurea Polygonatum verticillatum Polygonatum richeri subsp . grisebachii (inc. H. alpigenum ) Hypericum Silene vulgaris subsp . antelopum Silene Botrychium lunaria Rumex arifolius ( R. alpestris ) Rumex carduelis Carduus Tephroseris longifolia Tephroseris Leontodon helveticus Senecio cacaliaster Senecio nemorensis Senecio Athyrium distentifolium Athyrium aurea Potentilla Aconitum tauricum Aconitum columnae Doronicum Centaurea montana Centaurea curvula ? Carex Saxifraga rotundifolia Saxifraga Laser trilobum Doronicum austriacum Doronicum conyzifolia Crepis Chaerophyllum villarsii Chaerophyllum serbica Pancicia Cicerbita alpina Cicerbita punctata Gentiana Geum rivale Geum effusum Milium Cirsium wladsteinii Cirsium NS MuA JT

266 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina 16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia) ...... 19 ...... 14 14 29 57 29 57 ...... 8 8 8 42 18 33 33 50 75 42 25 58 17 50 33 17 17 17 58 58 25 25 ...... 20 17 80 20 40 40 40 20 20 20 40 20 40 40 20 20 100 ...... 5 5 5 5 5 9 5 16 18 ...... 15 14 14 14 ...... 14 80 20 ...... 0 56 13 78 11 89 33 44 44 33 89 44 22 67 22 11 11 33 33 56 11 11 22 78 44 89 33 11 22 56 22 100 ...... 12 30 50 10 90 50 10 50 70 30 10 50 ...... 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 13 11 38 13 63 13 13 63 25 13 50 19 13 19 13 38 31 19 25 31 ...... 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 33 33 83 42 50 42 25 42 42 17 58 17 ...... 9 29 71 29 14 14 29 14 43 29 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 43 14 14 14 14 14 100 100 ...... 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 14 93 14 14 36 50 57 29 21 14 21 21 21 57 21 21 43 21 29 29 21 86 14 36 100 ...... 7 22 22 22 11 78 11 11 33 78 11 22 11 44 55 78 11 44 11 67 44 11 67 56 44 11 33 33 33 11 33 33 22 56 ...... 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 50 36 43 71 29 43 21 79 14 50 14 14 14 36 14 36 21 29 43 14 50 64 36 ...... 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 43 21 36 29 14 14 21 21 14 ...... 4 20 40 70 40 10 10 30 10 30 10 30 20 80 20 60 20 10 40 10 30 10 10 10 10 ...... 3 11 11 89 33 11 11 22 11 11 11 56 22 ...... 2 9 18 45 18 ...... 1 8 8 8 8 31 46 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) number (Zaporedna Succesive odorata Myrrhis (inc. subsp. H. pollinianum ) montanum (inc. subsp. shondylium subsp. Heracleum Nardion strictae Nardion erecta Potentilla Allium victorialis Allium Mulgedio-Aconitetea sylvaticum Geranium Primula elatior Primula a gg.) rubra ( F. nigrescens Festuca Viola biflora Viola dioica Silene Pleurospermum austriacum Pleurospermum Coeloglossum viride Aconitum angustifolium Aconitum Knautia dispacifolia ( K. maxima ) Adenostyles alliariae Adenostyles flabellata Alchemilla Veratrum album s. lat. Veratrum napellus agg. Aconitum Crepis pyrenaica Crepis pannonica Gentiana Aconitum lycoctonum agg. ( A. lupicida ) lycoctonum Aconitum nemorum Stellaria Epilobium alpestre Epilobium pumilum Galium Athyrium filix-femina Athyrium agg. variegatum Aconitum Hieracium prenanthoides Hieracium tenuis Agrostis Hypericum maculatum Hypericum pallens Alchemilla Senecio ovatus Senecio acetosella Rumex Chaerophyllum hirsutum Chaerophyllum austriaca Euphorbia subsp. paniculatum degenii subsp. Aconitum Juncetea trifidi Juncetea scheuchzeri Campanula Peucedanum ostruthium Peucedanum subalpinus Senecio Carduus personata Carduus agg.) nipponicum ( A. odoratum Anthoxanthum Ranunculus platanifolius hacquetii Pedicularis Crepis paludosa Crepis minima Euphrasia Poa hybrida Poa ovatum Phyteuma Eryngium alpinum minuta subsp. Solidago virgaurea Polygonatum verticillatum Polygonatum richeri subsp . grisebachii (inc. H. alpigenum ) Hypericum Silene vulgaris subsp . antelopum Silene Botrychium lunaria Rumex arifolius ( R. alpestris ) Rumex carduelis Carduus Tephroseris longifolia Tephroseris Leontodon helveticus Senecio cacaliaster Senecio nemorensis Senecio Athyrium distentifolium Athyrium aurea Potentilla Aconitum tauricum Aconitum columnae Doronicum Centaurea montana Centaurea curvula ? Carex Saxifraga rotundifolia Saxifraga Laser trilobum Doronicum austriacum Doronicum conyzifolia Crepis Chaerophyllum villarsii Chaerophyllum serbica Pancicia Cicerbita alpina Cicerbita punctata Gentiana Geum rivale Geum effusum Milium Cirsium wladsteinii Cirsium NS MuA JT

267 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina 16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia) ...... 19 ...... 43 14 ...... 18 43 ...... 20 17 40 40 60 20 80 20 40 ...... 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 23 16 36 45 32 77 14 54 14 23 14 ...... 15 29 71 43 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 29 29 71 57 14 14 ...... 14 60 20 20 20 20 80 20 40 100 100 ...... 13 44 11 33 43 11 ...... 12 ...... 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 11 19 44 56 13 13 13 19 25 25 19 19 13 13 44 31 ...... 8 67 10 33 75 42 50 ...... 9 57 57 57 14 28 71 ...... 8 7 14 43 64 ...... 7 11 78 22 33 33 11 22 33 11 44 11 44 11 11 22 33 44 11 11 11 ...... 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 14 71 14 43 14 21 50 36 14 14 21 21 14 ...... 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 29 14 14 21 ...... 4 10 20 30 30 10 40 10 10 10 20 10 10 10 10 ...... 3 44 11 11 22 22 22 56 11 11 22 11 11 11 67 11 11 22 ...... , ...... 2 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 82 18 18 18 27 18 18 18 27 73 18 ...... 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 31 38 23 15 15 38 38 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) number (Zaporedna Succesive grandiflorum Doronicum Cardamine glauca Cardamine Hieracium bifidum Hieracium glareosa vulgaris subsp. Silene Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea alpinus Arctostaphylos Physoplexido comosae-Saxifragion petraeae Physoplexido comosae-Saxifragion spectabilis Primula Adenostyles glabra Adenostyles Vaccinium gaultherioides Vaccinium carniolica Astrantia Primula tyrolensis Primula Athamanta cretensis Athamanta Empetrum hermaphroditum Empetrum repens Gypsophila Saxifraga crustata Saxifraga Crepis froelichiana Crepis Saxifraga caesia Saxifraga Arabidetalia caeruleae herbaceae ) (inc. Salicetea Arabidetalia Soldanella alpina Saxifraga squarrosa Saxifraga Rumex scutatus Rumex Alchemilla oxyloba Alchemilla Dianthus sternbergii Paederota lutea Paederota Aquilegia einseleana Aquilegia Soldanella minima ) alpina (inc. A. flavescens Arabis Campanula zoysii Campanula Heliosperma alpestre Heliosperma Salix retusa Salix montana Cystopteris Potentilla nitida Potentilla Armeria alpina Armeria Ranunculus traunfellneri macrorrhizum Geranium Campanula carnicaCampanula Festuca laxa Festuca Trifolium pallescens Trifolium caesium Hieracium subsp. columnae scheuchzeri Phyteuma subsp. Rhodiola rosea Carex ornithopodoides Carex seguieri Ligusticum subsp. scopoliana alpina subsp. Daphne Campanula cochleariifolia Campanula Doronicum glaciale Doronicum paradoxus Petasites Campanula justiniana Campanula Festuca nitida Festuca Salix serpyllifolia Salix cespitosa Campanula Potentilletalia caulescentis Potentilletalia saxatilis Valeriana Gymnocarpium robertianum Gymnocarpium T. kerneri ) Thlaspi minimum ( T. porrifolium Hieracium Primula auricula Primula bauhinii peloponnesiacum subsp. Molopospermum Salix reticulata Salix kitabeliana Aquilegia Cystopteridion fragilis Cystopteridion brachystachys Carex Pimpinella alpina Pimpinella Alchemilla fissa Alchemilla laciniata Scrophularia Cystopteris regia Cystopteris Valeriana montana Valeriana Potentilla brauneana Potentilla argenteum Trisetum Cystopteris fragilis Cystopteris Dryopteris villarii Sedum magellense Sedum Asplenium fissum Dryopteris submontana Thlaspietea rotundifolii Thlaspietea laevigata Biscutella

LV PS AC PC Cy TR

268 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina 16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia) ...... 19 ...... 43 14 ...... 18 43 ...... 20 17 40 40 60 20 80 20 40 ...... 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 23 16 36 45 32 77 14 54 14 23 14 ...... 15 29 71 43 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 29 29 71 57 14 14 ...... 14 60 20 20 20 20 80 20 40 100 100 ...... 13 44 11 33 43 11 ...... 12 ...... 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 11 19 44 56 13 13 13 19 25 25 19 19 13 13 44 31 ...... 8 67 10 33 75 42 50 ...... 9 57 57 57 14 28 71 ...... 8 7 14 43 64 ...... 7 11 78 22 33 33 11 22 33 11 44 11 44 11 11 22 33 44 11 11 11 ...... 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 14 71 14 43 14 21 50 36 14 14 21 21 14 ...... 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 29 14 14 21 ...... 4 10 20 30 30 10 40 10 10 10 20 10 10 10 10 ...... 3 44 11 11 22 22 22 56 11 11 22 11 11 11 67 11 11 22 ...... , ...... 2 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 82 18 18 18 27 18 18 18 27 73 18 ...... 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 31 38 23 15 15 38 38 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) number (Zaporedna Succesive grandiflorum Doronicum Cardamine glauca Cardamine Hieracium bifidum Hieracium glareosa vulgaris subsp. Silene Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea alpinus Arctostaphylos Physoplexido comosae-Saxifragion petraeae Physoplexido comosae-Saxifragion spectabilis Primula Adenostyles glabra Adenostyles Vaccinium gaultherioides Vaccinium carniolica Astrantia Primula tyrolensis Primula Athamanta cretensis Athamanta Empetrum hermaphroditum Empetrum repens Gypsophila Saxifraga crustata Saxifraga Crepis froelichiana Crepis Saxifraga caesia Saxifraga Arabidetalia caeruleae herbaceae ) (inc. Salicetea Arabidetalia Soldanella alpina Saxifraga squarrosa Saxifraga Rumex scutatus Rumex Alchemilla oxyloba Alchemilla Dianthus sternbergii Paederota lutea Paederota Aquilegia einseleana Aquilegia Soldanella minima ) alpina (inc. A. flavescens Arabis Campanula zoysii Campanula Heliosperma alpestre Heliosperma Salix retusa Salix montana Cystopteris Potentilla nitida Potentilla Armeria alpina Armeria Ranunculus traunfellneri macrorrhizum Geranium Campanula carnicaCampanula Festuca laxa Festuca Trifolium pallescens Trifolium caesium Hieracium subsp. columnae scheuchzeri Phyteuma subsp. Rhodiola rosea Carex ornithopodoides Carex seguieri Ligusticum subsp. scopoliana alpina subsp. Daphne Campanula cochleariifolia Campanula Doronicum glaciale Doronicum paradoxus Petasites Campanula justiniana Campanula Festuca nitida Festuca Salix serpyllifolia Salix cespitosa Campanula Potentilletalia caulescentis Potentilletalia saxatilis Valeriana Gymnocarpium robertianum Gymnocarpium T. kerneri ) Thlaspi minimum ( T. porrifolium Hieracium Primula auricula Primula bauhinii peloponnesiacum subsp. Molopospermum Salix reticulata Salix kitabeliana Aquilegia Cystopteridion fragilis Cystopteridion brachystachys Carex Pimpinella alpina Pimpinella Alchemilla fissa Alchemilla laciniata Scrophularia Cystopteris regia Cystopteris Valeriana montana Valeriana Potentilla brauneana Potentilla argenteum Trisetum Cystopteris fragilis Cystopteris Dryopteris villarii Sedum magellense Sedum Asplenium fissum Dryopteris submontana Thlaspietea rotundifolii Thlaspietea laevigata Biscutella

LV PS AC PC Cy TR

269 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina 16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia) ...... 19 ...... 86 43 29 14 29 43 ...... 8 8 8 8 18 25 50 17 25 25 ...... 17 20 60 20 40 20 20 20 20 20 20 ...... 9 5 5 9 5 5 16 41 27 18 27 68 32 ...... 15 14 14 29 29 14 14 14 29 14 14 14 43 14 ...... 14 20 40 60 60 20 20 20 ...... 13 11 44 11 11 11 11 22 33 22 11 ...... 12 10 30 30 10 ...... 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 11 13 19 50 69 13 25 19 13 ...... 8 8 8 10 33 42 50 25 58 25 50 ......

9 29 14 14 29 14 14 14 71 14 43 14 43 ...... 8 7 7 7 7 21 21 14 21 29 ...... 7 33 44 11 11 22 78 22 11 11 44 44 22 22 11 11 33 11 11 11 11 11 ...... 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 21 59 14 21 50 14 29 36 36 14 21 14 ...... 5 7 7 7 7 7 43 ...... 4 10 10 10 10 10 40 10 10 10 10 10 20 10 ...... 3 33 11 11 44 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 ...... 2 9 9 18 ...... 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 23 15 23 15 38 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 Alchemilla monticola Alchemilla Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) number (Zaporedna Succesive alpinae-Trisetetalia Poo glomerata Dactylis Koeleria pyramidata Koeleria Primula carniolica Primula Poa alpina Poa cespitosa Deschampsia Linum catharticum Linum Saxifraga petraea Saxifraga Crocus albiflorus Crocus sylvestris Angelica Galium lucidum Galium Asplenietea trichomanis tripteris Valeriana Euphrasia picta Euphrasia cracca Vicia Carlina acaulis Carlina Asplenium viride Phleum rhaeticum Phleum album ( G. mollugo agg.) Galium Brachypodium rupestre Brachypodium Saxifraga paniculata Saxifraga Trollius europaeus Trollius rubra Festuca Carex humilis Carex Asplenium ruta-muraria Alchemilla xanthochlora Alchemilla agg. stolonifera Agrostis Galium verum Galium Asplenium trichomanes Ranunculus nemorosus officinale Taraxacum Thesium linophyllum Silene rupestris Silene Cardaminopsis halleri s. lat. Cardaminopsis officinalis agg. Valeriana Teucrium montanum Teucrium Polypodium vulgare Polypodium ) rubra major ( inc. subsp. Pimpinella Lotus corniculatus Thlaspi perfoliatum Polypodium interjectum Polypodium Astrantia major Astrantia millefolium Achillea Koeleria splendens Koeleria Moehringia muscosa Moehringia Polygonum bistorta Polygonum ( G. crispata ) amarella Gentianella Trifolio-Geranietea Laserpitium siler Micromeria thymifolia Micromeria Ranunculus repens Molinio-Arrhenatheretea pratense Trifolium Polygonatum odoratum Polygonatum Ceterach javorkeanum Ceterach Leontodon hispidus palustris Caltha Seseli montanum Seseli Hieracium glaucum Hieracium Trifolium repens Trifolium Festuco-Brometea rupicola Festuca Silene nutans Silene Hieracium bupleuroides Hieracium Veronica chamaedrys Veronica conopsea Gymnadenia Bupleurum longifolium Bupleurum Kernera saxatilis Kernera Lathyrus pratensis transsilvanica Bromopsis Trifolium alpestre Trifolium Sedum hispanicum Sedum Prunella grandiflora Prunella Thesium bavarum Cardaminopisi arenosa Cardaminopisi Helictotrichon praeustum Helictotrichon AT TG MA FB PoT

270 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina 16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia) ...... 19 ...... 86 43 29 14 29 43 ...... 8 8 8 8 18 25 50 17 25 25 ...... 17 20 60 20 40 20 20 20 20 20 20 ...... 9 5 5 9 5 5 16 41 27 18 27 68 32 ...... 15 14 14 29 29 14 14 14 29 14 14 14 43 14 ...... 14 20 40 60 60 20 20 20 ...... 13 11 44 11 11 11 11 22 33 22 11 ...... 12 10 30 30 10 ...... 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 11 13 19 50 69 13 25 19 13 ...... 8 8 8 10 33 42 50 25 58 25 50 ......

271 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina 16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia) ...... 19 ...... 71 29 14 86 43 71 29 ...... 8 8 8 8 25 18 42 75 75 67 25 50 25 33 33 17 42 33 42 ...... 17 20 20 60 40 40 20 20 20 20 100 ...... 9 5 5 9 5 5 5 5 16 23 14 18 68 86 23 86 59 49 14 64 59 50 45 45 100 ...... 15 14 14 14 43 29 29 14 14 14 43 14 29 29 43 14 71 57 14 57 57 29 100 ...... 14 20 40 40 20 80 20 20 80 20 40 100 100 100 ...... 13 11 33 11 22 22 22 56 56 89 78 67 33 11 56 11 11 11 56 56 33 11 67 11 ...... 12 90 90 30 30 30 50 90 50 10 50 50 30 30 70 30 10 90 10 ...... 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 11 13 44 75 19 13 63 56 19 31 56 69 56 31 13 19 25 25 19 69 13 31 19 50 38 50 19 19 ...... 8 8 8 8 8 10 17 25 25 67 33 42 42 ...... 9 14 29 14 57 43 14 14 14 43 29 ...... 8 7 7 7 7 36 21 43 29 14 29 43 57 21 14 43 14 14 ...... 7 33 33 44 11 11 11 22 33 11 56 33 11 11 33 44 22 11 56 67 33 56 22 44 33 22 11 44 11 11 ...... 7 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 14 14 14 36 29 14 14 29 14 14 21 36 14 ...... 5 7 7 9 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 79 86 29 21 29 43 14 50 36 14 64 36 14 14 ...... 4 10 10 40 10 70 10 90 10 60 20 10 10 10 20 10 20 20 30 30 20 80 20 10 20 20 90 10 10 10 ...... 3 44 44 22 11 11 11 11 11 22 11 11 11 44 11 11 67 11 44 22 11 11 ...... 2 9 18 27 18 ...... 1 8 8 8 8 31 31 15 31 31 15 15 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E2a E2 E1 E1 E3a E1 E1 E1 E2 E1 E2a E1 E2a E2a E1 E1 E2 E2 E1 E1 E2 E1 E1 E1 E2 E1 E1 E1 E1 E2a E1 E1 E1 E2a E1 E1 E1 E1 E2a E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) number (Zaporedna Succesive nigricans Aquilegia Vaccinium vitis-idaea Vaccinium Petasites hybridus Petasites Grafia golaka Grafia Peucedanum austriacum s. lat. Peucedanum Vaccinium myrtillus Vaccinium Epilobietea angustifolii Epilobietea vesca Fragaria Laserpitium latifolium Aquilegia atrata Aquilegia Picea abies Picea Bromus ramosus Bromus Lilium carniolicum Lilium Polygala chamaebuxus Polygala Luzula luzulina Luzula Tussilago farfara farfara Tussilago Ruta divaricata Ruta Allium ericetorum Allium Maianthemum bifolium Maianthemum Hypericum hirsutum Hypericum Sambuco-Salicion capreae, Rhamno-Prunetea capreae, Sambuco-Salicion idaeus Rubus Amelanchier ovalis Amelanchier Oxalis acetosella Eupatorium cannabinum Eupatorium Sorbus aucuparia Asperula aristata Rhododendron ferrugineumRhododendron Erico-Pinetea varia Calamagrostis Sorbus aucuparia Leontodon incanus Rosa pendulina Rosa Rubus saxatilis Rubus Juniperus communis Juniperus Pinus nigra Pinus Dryopteris dilatata Carex ornithopoda Carex Sambucus racemosa Sambucus Cotoneaster tomentosus Dryopteris expansa Chamaecytisus hirsutus Betula pendula Betula Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Arctostaphylos Lycopodium annotinum Lycopodium subsp. arundinacea caerulea subsp. Molinia Cotoneaster integerrimus Vaccinio-Piceetea Homogyne alpina Polystichum lonchitis Polystichum Carex alba Carex Filipendulo-Convolvuletea arhangelica Angelica Larix decidua Calamagrostis villosa Calamagrostis Crepis slovenica Crepis Mentha longifolia Mentha Clematis alpina Aposeris foetida Aposeris Cirsium erisithales Cirsium Phalaris arundinaceaPhalaris Luzula sylvatica s. lat. sylvatica Luzula Lonicera caerulea Lonicera Buphthalmum salicifolium Buphthalmum Epilobium roseum roseum Epilobium Hieracium murorum Hieracium Luzula luzuloides s. lat. Luzula Galio-Urticetea, Stellarietea mediae Stellarietea Galio-Urticetea, dioica Urtica Orthilia secunda Melampyrum sylvaticum Melampyrum Lamium maculatum Pyrola minor Pyrola Calamagrostis arundinacea Calamagrostis Galeopsis tetrahit Galeopsis Huperzia selago Huperzia Saxifraga cuneifolia Saxifraga EA SS EP VP FC GU

272 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina 16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia) ...... 19 ...... 71 29 14 86 43 71 29 ...... 8 8 8 8 25 18 42 75 75 67 25 50 25 33 33 17 42 33 42 ...... 17 20 20 60 40 40 20 20 20 20 100 ...... 9 5 5 9 5 5 5 5 16 23 14 18 68 86 23 86 59 49 14 64 59 50 45 45 100 ...... 15 14 14 14 43 29 29 14 14 14 43 14 29 29 43 14 71 57 14 57 57 29 100 ...... 14 20 40 40 20 80 20 20 80 20 40 100 100 100 ...... 13 11 33 11 22 22 22 56 56 89 78 67 33 11 56 11 11 11 56 56 33 11 67 11 ...... 12 90 90 30 30 30 50 90 50 10 50 50 30 30 70 30 10 90 10 ...... 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 11 13 44 75 19 13 63 56 19 31 56 69 56 31 13 19 25 25 19 69 13 31 19 50 38 50 19 19 ...... 8 8 8 8 8 10 17 25 25 67 33 42 42 ...... 9 14 29 14 57 43 14 14 14 43 29 ...... 8 7 7 7 7 36 21 43 29 14 29 43 57 21 14 43 14 14 ...... 7 33 33 44 11 11 11 22 33 11 56 33 11 11 33 44 22 11 56 67 33 56 22 44 33 22 11 44 11 11 ...... 7 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 14 14 14 36 29 14 14 29 14 14 21 36 14 ...... 5 7 7 9 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 79 86 29 21 29 43 14 50 36 14 64 36 14 14 ...... 4 10 10 40 10 70 10 90 10 60 20 10 10 10 20 10 20 20 30 30 20 80 20 10 20 20 90 10 10 10 ...... 3 44 44 22 11 11 11 11 11 22 11 11 11 44 11 11 67 11 44 22 11 11 ...... 2 9 18 27 18 ...... 1 8 8 8 8 31 31 15 31 31 15 15 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E2a E2 E1 E1 E3a E1 E1 E1 E2 E1 E2a E1 E2a E2a E1 E1 E2 E2 E1 E1 E2 E1 E1 E1 E2 E1 E1 E1 E1 E2a E1 E1 E1 E2a E1 E1 E1 E1 E2a E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) number (Zaporedna Succesive nigricans Aquilegia Vaccinium vitis-idaea Vaccinium Petasites hybridus Petasites Grafia golaka Grafia Peucedanum austriacum s. lat. Peucedanum Vaccinium myrtillus Vaccinium Epilobietea angustifolii Epilobietea vesca Fragaria Laserpitium latifolium Aquilegia atrata Aquilegia Picea abies Picea Bromus ramosus Bromus Lilium carniolicum Lilium Polygala chamaebuxus Polygala Luzula luzulina Luzula Tussilago farfara farfara Tussilago Ruta divaricata Ruta Allium ericetorum Allium Maianthemum bifolium Maianthemum Hypericum hirsutum Hypericum Sambuco-Salicion capreae, Rhamno-Prunetea capreae, Sambuco-Salicion idaeus Rubus Amelanchier ovalis Amelanchier Oxalis acetosella Eupatorium cannabinum Eupatorium Sorbus aucuparia Asperula aristata Rhododendron ferrugineumRhododendron Erico-Pinetea varia Calamagrostis Sorbus aucuparia Leontodon incanus Rosa pendulina Rosa Rubus saxatilis Rubus Juniperus communis Juniperus Pinus nigra Pinus Dryopteris dilatata Carex ornithopoda Carex Sambucus racemosa Sambucus Cotoneaster tomentosus Dryopteris expansa Chamaecytisus hirsutus Betula pendula Betula Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Arctostaphylos Lycopodium annotinum Lycopodium arundinacea caerulea subsp. Molinia Cotoneaster integerrimus Vaccinio-Piceetea Homogyne alpina Polystichum lonchitis Polystichum Carex alba Carex Filipendulo-Convolvuletea arhangelica Angelica Larix decidua Calamagrostis villosa Calamagrostis Crepis slovenica Crepis Mentha longifolia Mentha Clematis alpina Aposeris foetida Aposeris Cirsium erisithales Cirsium Phalaris arundinaceaPhalaris Luzula sylvatica s. lat. sylvatica Luzula Lonicera caerulea Lonicera Buphthalmum salicifolium Buphthalmum Epilobium roseum roseum Epilobium Hieracium murorum Hieracium Luzula luzuloides s. lat. Luzula Galio-Urticetea, Stellarietea mediae Stellarietea Galio-Urticetea, dioica Urtica Orthilia secunda Melampyrum sylvaticum Melampyrum Lamium maculatum Pyrola minor Pyrola Calamagrostis arundinacea Calamagrostis Galeopsis tetrahit Galeopsis Huperzia selago Huperzia Saxifraga cuneifolia Saxifraga EA SS EP VP FC GU

273 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina 16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia) ...... 19 ...... 14 14 14 ...... 8 8 8 8 18 33 25 58 67 17 42 25 58 17 42 50 25 42 17 17 42 25 83 25 100 ...... 17 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 ...... 5 5 9 5 9 5 16 68 45 59 50 90 14 ...... 29 15 14 29 57 14 43 71 43 14 29 14 14 14 14 14 29 14 14 29 86 14 57 14 14 57 57 57 ...... 14 20 20 60 20 20 40 40 40 40 ...... 13 11 11 11 22 33 44 33 78 33 56 33 56 56 56 11 56 22 56 67 11 44 89 56 89 ...... 12 50 90 90 30 70 50 70 70 50 10 10 30 50 50 70 30 30 30 50 ...... 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5. 13 11 44 38 31 19 31 38 56 25 19 19 19 13 19 38 25 38 13 19 25 13 56 19 13 19 63 44 13 31 19 19 31 19 13 13 19 ...... 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 25 17 50 17 17 17 ...... 9 14 29 14 43 57 43 43 ...... 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 21 14 14 29 36 29 21 29 14 21 21 29 ...... 7 33 11 11 11 11 22 56 11 11 67 11 33 56 11 56 22 11 56 22 11 33 22 11 56 22 11 56 22 33 67 11 22 22 ...... 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 21 21 21 21 14 14 14 29 43 14 14 ...... 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 14 29 50 21 14 14 ...... 4 10 20 20 50 40 20 10 30 10 20 ...... 3 11 ...... 2 ...... 1 8 8 E1 E2 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E3a E1 E1 E1 E2a E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E2b E1 E1 E1 E2a E2a E2b E1 E1 E1 E1 E3a E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E2a E1 E2a E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E3a E1 E1 E2b E1 E1 Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) number (Zaporedna Succesive Rhamnus fallax Lathyrus vernus Cardamine trifolia Cardamine Gymnocarpium dryopteris Gymnocarpium Chrysosplenium alternifolium Helleborus niger Helleborus Poa nemoralis Poa Vicia oroboides Vicia Picea abies Picea Adoxa moschatellina Adoxa Petasites albus Petasites Euphorbia carniolica Euphorbia Picea abies Picea Dryopteris affinis Campanula trachelium Campanula Hacquetia epipactis Hacquetia Gentiana asclepiadea Gentiana Aruncus dioicus Aruncus Epipactis helleborine Epipactis Cardamine waldsteinii Cardamine Veronica urticifolia Veronica Dryopteris remota Fagus sylvatica Fagus Laserpitium krapfii Homogyne sylvestris Phyllitis scolopendrium Phyllitis Fagus sylvatica Fagus Fagetalia sylvaticae Fagetalia mezereum Daphne Abies alba Abies Polystichum braunii Polystichum Fagus sylvatica Fagus Melica nutans Melica Abies alba Abies Tilia platyphyllos Tilia Festuca heterophylla Festuca Lilium martagon Lilium Pyrola rotundifolia Pyrola Acer platanoides Acer Symphytum tuberosum Symphytum Dryopteris filix-mas Solidago virgaurea Impatien noli-tangere Impatien spicatum spicatum subsp. Phyteuma Luzula nivea Luzula Phegopteris connectilis Phegopteris Lunaria rediviva Lunaria Actaea spicata Actaea Galium laevigatum Galium Lonicera nigra Lonicera Aremonio-Fagion trifolia Anemone Lonicera alpigena Lonicera Cyclamen purpurascens Cyclamen Paris quadrifolia Paris Luzula pilosa Luzula Knautia drymeia Viola reichenbachiana Viola Omphalodes verna Omphalodes Myosotis sylvatica agg. sylvatica Myosotis Avenella flexuosa Avenella Cardamine enneaphyllos Cardamine caucasicum Asarum subsp. europaeum Epilobium montanum Epilobium Tilio-Acerion Thalictrum aquilegiifolium Festuca altissima Festuca Galeobdolon flavidum Galeobdolon Acer pseudoplatanus Acer Fraxinus excelsior Fraxinus Mercurialis perennis Mercurialis Acer pseudoplatanus Acer subsp. coeruleum spicatum subsp. Phyteuma Acer pseudoplatanus Acer Polystichum aculeatum Polystichum

FS AF TA

274 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina 16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia) ...... 19 ...... 14 14 14 ...... 8 8 8 8 18 33 25 58 67 17 42 25 58 17 42 50 25 42 17 17 42 25 83 25 100 ...... 17 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 ...... 5 5 9 5 9 5 16 68 45 59 50 90 14 ...... 29 15 14 29 57 14 43 71 43 14 29 14 14 14 14 14 29 14 14 29 86 14 57 14 14 57 57 57 ...... 14 20 20 60 20 20 40 40 40 40 ...... 13 11 11 11 22 33 44 33 78 33 56 33 56 56 56 11 56 22 56 67 11 44 89 56 89 ...... 12 50 90 90 30 70 50 70 70 50 10 10 30 50 50 70 30 30 30 50 ...... 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5. 13 11 44 38 31 19 31 38 56 25 19 19 19 13 19 38 25 38 13 19 25 13 56 19 13 19 63 44 13 31 19 19 31 19 13 13 19 ...... 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 25 17 50 17 17 17 ...... 9 14 29 14 43 57 43 43 ...... 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 21 14 14 29 36 29 21 29 14 21 21 29 ...... 7 33 11 11 11 11 22 56 11 11 67 11 33 56 11 56 22 11 56 22 11 33 22 11 56 22 11 56 22 33 67 11 22 22 ...... 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 21 21 21 21 14 14 14 29 43 14 14 ...... 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 14 29 50 21 14 14 ...... 4 10 20 20 50 40 20 10 30 10 20 ...... 3 11 ...... 2 ...... 1 8 8 E1 E2 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E3a E1 E1 E1 E2a E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E2b E1 E1 E1 E2a E2a E2b E1 E1 E1 E1 E3a E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E2a E1 E2a E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E3a E1 E1 E2b E1 E1 Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) number (Zaporedna Succesive Rhamnus fallax Lathyrus vernus Cardamine trifolia Cardamine Gymnocarpium dryopteris Gymnocarpium Chrysosplenium alternifolium Helleborus niger Helleborus Poa nemoralis Poa Vicia oroboides Vicia Picea abies Picea Adoxa moschatellina Adoxa Petasites albus Petasites Euphorbia carniolica Euphorbia Picea abies Picea Dryopteris affinis Campanula trachelium Campanula Hacquetia epipactis Hacquetia Gentiana asclepiadea Gentiana Aruncus dioicus Aruncus Epipactis helleborine Epipactis Cardamine waldsteinii Cardamine Veronica urticifolia Veronica Dryopteris remota Fagus sylvatica Fagus Laserpitium krapfii Homogyne sylvestris Phyllitis scolopendrium Phyllitis Fagus sylvatica Fagus Fagetalia sylvaticae Fagetalia mezereum Daphne Abies alba Abies Polystichum braunii Polystichum Fagus sylvatica Fagus Melica nutans Melica Abies alba Abies Tilia platyphyllos Tilia Festuca heterophylla Festuca Lilium martagon Lilium Pyrola rotundifolia Pyrola Acer platanoides Acer Symphytum tuberosum Symphytum Dryopteris filix-mas Solidago virgaurea Impatien noli-tangere Impatien spicatum spicatum subsp. Phyteuma Luzula nivea Luzula Phegopteris connectilis Phegopteris Lunaria rediviva Lunaria Actaea spicata Actaea Galium laevigatum Galium Lonicera nigra Lonicera Aremonio-Fagion trifolia Anemone Lonicera alpigena Lonicera Cyclamen purpurascens Cyclamen Paris quadrifolia Paris Luzula pilosa Luzula Knautia drymeia Viola reichenbachiana Viola Omphalodes verna Omphalodes Myosotis sylvatica agg. sylvatica Myosotis Avenella flexuosa Avenella Cardamine enneaphyllos Cardamine caucasicum Asarum subsp. europaeum Epilobium montanum Epilobium Tilio-Acerion Thalictrum aquilegiifolium Festuca altissima Festuca Galeobdolon flavidum Galeobdolon Acer pseudoplatanus Acer Fraxinus excelsior Fraxinus Mercurialis perennis Mercurialis Acer pseudoplatanus Acer subsp. coeruleum spicatum subsp. Phyteuma Acer pseudoplatanus Acer Polystichum aculeatum Polystichum

FS AF TA

275 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina 16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia) ...... 19 ...... 29 43 14 ...... 8 18 42 17 52 25 ...... 17 20 20 20 20 20 40 ...... 9 5 5 41 16 ...... 15 71 14 29 29 14 14 14 29 29 71 29 29 14 71 ...... 14 80 40 40 80 60 20 20 20 20 20 20 60 100 100 ...... 13 22 22 33 11 22 22 22 33 22 22 22 11 11 44 ...... 12 10 90 30 10 10 30 ...... 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 11 63 44 63 13 81 44 19 19 13 13 31 31 13 25 19 19 19 19 13 13 13 13 13 19 13 13 13 13 ...... 8 8 8 10 17 17 33 17 17 25 ...... 9

29 57 43 28 57 14 29 14 14 14 29 29 ...... 8 7 7 7 14 14 21 50 ...... 7 44 33 44 33 11 33 33 11 22 11 11 11 67 11 22 11 11 ...... 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 14 14 21 14 29 ...... 5 7 7 ...... 4 30 30 20 10 20 20 10 ...... 3 22 44 56 22 22 11 11 11 11 11 11 ...... 2 9 9 18 ...... 1 8 8 8 38 31 23 15 E0 E0 E1 E1 E0 E0 E1 E1 E0 E0 E2a E1 E0 E0 E1 E2 E0 E0 E1 E1 E0 E0 E2a E1 E0 E0 E2 E1 E0 E0 E2 E2 E0 E0 E1 E1 E0 E0 E1 E2 E0 E0 E1 E2a E0 E0 E1 E1 E0 E0 E1 E1 E0 E0 E1 E0 E0 E1 E0 E0 E1 E0 E0 E1 E0 E0 E1 E0 ( inc. A. alpina ) Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) number (Zaporedna Succesive Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lišaji) and lichens (Mahovi Mosses tortuosa Tortella Plagiothecium undulatum Plagiothecium Anemone nemorosa Anemone Scrophularia nodosa Scrophularia Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus Plagiomnium affine Plagiomnium Cruciata glabra Cruciata Prenanthes purpurea Prenanthes Cladonia pyxidata Cirriphyllum piliferumCirriphyllum Corylus avellana Euphorbia dulcis Euphorbia Ctenidium molluscum sp. Brachythecium Listera ovata Listera Laburnum alpinum Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium Scapania aequiloba Pulmonaria officinalis Pulmonaria Mycelis muralis Mycelis Orthothecium rufescens Preissia quadrata Preissia Lonicera xylosteum Lonicera Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae Quercetalia majalis Convallaria Tortella sp. Tortella Campylium stellatum Campylium Salicetea purpureae Salicetea eleagnos Salix Primula veris subsp . columnae veris Primula Dicranum scoparium Dicranum Peltigera canina Peltigera Salix purpurea Salix Sorbus aria Peltigera leucophlebia Peltigera Polytrichum formosum Polytrichum Other species (Druge vrste) species (Druge Other sp. Festuca Carex flacca Carex sp. Dicranum Hypnum cupressiforme Hypnum Vicia sp. Vicia Ostrya carpinifolia Rhytidiadelphus loreus Plagiomnium undulatum Plagiomnium sp. Alchemilla Fraxinus ornus Fraxinus Cetraria islandica Cetraria Sanionia uncinata Sanionia Hieracium sp. Hieracium Melittis melissophyllum Melittis Cladonia furcata Conocephalum conicum Minuartia sp.Minuartia Querco-Fagetea fuchsii Dactylorhiza Marchantia polymorpha Marchantia Mnium sp.Mnium sp. Thesium sp. Melampyrum pratense Melampyrum Pseudoleskeella catenulata Pseudoleskeella Mnium thomsonii Mnium Hepatica nobilis Hepatica Schistidium apocarpum Neckera crispa Neckera Hieracium lachenalii Hieracium Fissidens dubius Fissidens Rhizomnium punctatum Rhizomnium Platanthera bifolia Platanthera Plagiochila asplenioides Plagiochila Solorina saccata Carex digitata Carex Pleurozium schreberi Pleurozium ML QP SP O QF

276 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina 16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia) ...... 19 ...... 29 43 14 ...... 8 18 42 17 52 25 ...... 17 20 20 20 20 20 40 ...... 9 5 5 41 16 ...... 15 71 14 29 29 14 14 14 29 29 71 29 29 14 71 ...... 14 80 40 40 80 60 20 20 20 20 20 20 60 100 100 ...... 13 22 22 33 11 22 22 22 33 22 22 22 11 11 44 ...... 12 10 90 30 10 10 30 ...... 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 11 63 44 63 13 81 44 19 19 13 13 31 31 13 25 19 19 19 19 13 13 13 13 13 19 13 13 13 13 ...... 8 8 8 10 17 17 33 17 17 25 ...... 9

277 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina 16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia) ...... 19 ...... 43 ...... 33 18 25 58 ...... 17 ...... 16 ...... 15 14 ...... 14 20 20 20 20 ...... 13 22 ...... 12 ...... 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 11 ...... 10 ...... 9 ...... 8 ...... 7 ...... 6 ...... 5 ...... 4 ...... 3 ...... 2 ...... 1 Aceri-Salicetum appendiculate petasitetosum albi Aceri-Salicetum appendiculatae petasitetosum hybridi Aceri-Salicetum Pignatti and Sandro Erika Dakskobler Igor Boštjan Surina Wraber Tone Livio Poldini Oriolo Giuseppe C. Francescato Zupančič Mitja Žagar Vinko Karner Peter Horvat Ivo Radomir Lakušić Eggensberger Peter Smettan Hans Greimler Josef E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 18 19 ESP ID BS TW LP GO CF MZ VŽ PK IH RL PE HS JG Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) number (Zaporedna Succesive Plagiomnium cuspidatum Plagiomnium Bryum capillare Brachythecium rivulare Brachythecium Bryum sp. Ditrichum flexicaule Encalypta streptocarpa Encalypta Eurhynchium zetterstedtii Eurhynchium Homalothecium lutescens Homalothecium Homalothecium philippeanum Homalothecium Radula sp. Thuidium tamariscinum Cladonia fimbriata Cladonia sp. Squamarina sp. Drepanocladus uncinatus Drepanocladus Plagiochila porelloides Plagiochila Polytrichum sp. Polytrichum Musci sp. Musci Plagiothecium laetum Plagiothecium Lobaria pulmonaria Dryado-Rhodothamnetum chamaecisti – Dolomites Dryado-Rhodothamnetum caricetosum firmae Dryado-Rhodothamnetum salicetosum waldsteinianae myrtilli hirsuti vaccinietosum Rhododendretum alpini Rhodothamno chamaecisti-Juniperetum waldsteinianae Laserpitio peucedanoidis-Salicetum Homogyne sylvestris geogr. waldsteinianae var. Salicetum waldsteinianae – Austria Salicetum – NE Alps glabrae Salicetum – Austria c omm. (prov.) glabra Salix appendiculatae – Slovenia hirsuti-Salicetum Rhododendro appendiculatae – Croatia Rhododendo hirsuti-Salicetum appendiculatae typicum Aceri-Salicetum hirsuti pusillae-Rhododendretum Heliospermo Homogyno glabrae sylvestris-Salicetum alpinae hirsuti-Juniperetum Rhododendro waldsteinianae Scabioso cinerei-Salicetum Legend – Legenda 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

278 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina

16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities

in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia) ApSaph 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 19 8.1

1.13 3.48 4.62 1.13 1.62 1.13 15.1 11.6 6.96 16.2 ApSapa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 18 12

1.53 0.85 5.95 0.28 5.34 8.01 24.9 ScSw 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 17

6.85 2.05 0.68 0.68 2.05 0.68 0.68 4.79 3.42 2.05 0.68 4.11 0.68 13.7 1.37 11.6 3.42 3.42 15.1 RhJa 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 16 22 1.1

1.81 3.39 11.7 2.13 7.73 0.35 0.55 7.88 2.17 2.72 1.93 4.69 1.54 2.13 0.71 HoSg 7 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 15

0.71 1.79 1.07 0.36 1.43 8.22 1.79 6.07 2.14 1.07 4.28 1.07 3.57 1.07 0.36 3.93 0.71 0.36 8.93 0.36 HpRh 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 14 7.3

0.56 3.37 3.37 2.25 1.12 5.06 2.81 0.56 4.49 5.06 1.12 2.81 5.06 5.62 2.25 ApSaty 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 13 0.8

1.04 0.53 1.87 2.13 5.38 1.33 3.23 1.36 0.27 0.27 30.7 2.13

-Cr RhSa RhSa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 12 10 2.4

2.05 0.34 8.56 0.34 1.03 3.08 1.71 1.71 15.4

RhSa 0 0 0 0 0 0

11 16

2.46 1.42 0.65 1.81 0.26 0.78 0.65 0.91 0.78 5.17 0.13 0.39 0.26 4.27 2.85 3.23 0.26 0.52 0.13 11.1 4.79 Sg-A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10 12 6.2

3.25 1.62 1.62 1.88 2.69 4.58 1.88 5.65 1.62 1.33 21.8 1.62 2.44 14.8 6.49 Sg-Ba 9 7

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.42 0.46 4.23 2.84 3.31 4.73 1.42

0.46 0.00 0.96 0.00 5.16 2.38 0.00 0.00 1.42 1.88 0.00 1.88 7.51 12.80 19.28 Sw-A 8 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 14 1.3

0.52 2.11 2.63 1.56 8.19 0.26 1.33 0.26 1.56 8.04 1.59 1.59 31.4 3.15 LpSw-hs 7 9 0 0 0

1.1 3.46 1.63 0.91 2.36 0.18 0.36 2.19 1.45 2.17 1.65 2.17 6.21 1.65 1.09 0.36 0.54 1.27 0.36 1.27 10.4 0.36 16.2 5.27 LpSw 6 0 0

14 3.7

1.92 0.69 0.35 2.08 0.86 0.35 1.95 3.16 3.75 2.97 2.93 6.86 0.17 0.35 0.17 2.27 0.35 0.35 14.2 1.78 0.35 1.41 20.6 6.64 RcJa 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4.4 0.93 0.62 1.91 1.56 0.62 11.4 2.54 0.31 12.4 0.93 0.62 0.62 0.93 1.56 12.6 1.87 0.62 0.31 7.92 Rhvm 4 0 0 0 0 0 0

10 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

0.3 2.42 6.67 0.91 1.52 6.67 3.94 0.61 0.61 4.24 3.33 10.6 2.42 0.91 8.79 3.64 6.97 DrRhsw 3 9 0 0 0

2.9 2.9 0.87 3.19 1.74 4.06 1.45 1.45 1.74 6.09 2.61 0.87 0.29 0.87 0.87 3.19 4.35 1.16 7.54 1.45 25.2 2.32 1.45 4.06 DrRhcf 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11 3.5

3.5 1.95 1.17 0.39 0.78 0.39 0.78 9.34 1.17 21.8 4.67 1.56 5.84 0.78 1.95 24.9 1.17 4.28 5.45 DrRh 1 0 0 0 0 0 13 0.7 0.7 2.02 5.81 0.35 11. 5 2.73 2.38 2.02 1.36 0.35 6.12 2.02 4.71 0.66 5.41 1.72 22.9 2.38 1.67 2.68 4.45 spp. in (SE) Alps and Dinaric Alps (relative Alps (relative in (SE) Alps and Dinaric spp. hirsutum and (or) Salix of diagnostic species in (altimontane)-subalpine communities with dominant Rhododendron 6: Groups Table frequencies) gorstvu (relativne Alpah in Dinarskem v (Jugovzhodnih) spp. hirsutum in Salix vrstami Rhododendron diagnostičnih vrst v združbah s prevladujočimi 6: Skupine Preglednica frekvence) Successive number (Zaporedna številka) number (Zaporedna Successive carneae Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetalia Physoplexido comosae-Saxifragion petraeae Physoplexido comosae-Saxifragion Number of relevés (Število popisov) popisov) (Število of relevés Number Betulo-Alnetea viridis Betulo-Alnetea Potentilletalia caulescentis Potentilletalia Sign for syntaxa (Oznaka sintaksonov) for syntaxa (Oznaka Sign Caricion firmaeCaricion Cystopteridion fragilis Cystopteridion Oxytropido-Elynion Asplenietea trichomanis Caricion austroalpinae Caricion Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia alpinae-Trisetetalia Poo Caricion ferrugineaeCaricion Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Seslerietalia coeruleae Seslerietalia Festuco-Brometea Seslerietalia juncifoliae Seslerietalia Trifolio-Geranietea Elyno-Seslerietea Sambuco-Salicion capreae, Rhamno-Prunetea capreae, Sambuco-Salicion Caricetalia davallianae Caricetalia Filipendulo-Convolvuletea Montio-Cardaminetea Mulgedio-Aconitetea Nardion strictae Nardion Juncetea trifidi Juncetea Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea Arabidetalia caeruleae herbaceae ) (inc. Salicetea Arabidetalia Thlaspietea rotundifolii Thlaspietea

279 Igor Dakskobler & Boštjan Surina 16/2 • 2017, 213–280 Phytosociological analysis of montane-subalpine dwarf willow shrub communities in the Julian Alps and on the Trnovski gozd plateau (NW and w slovenia) 0 0 0 0 0 19 100 2.35 2.27 5.75 3.48 6.96 4.62 3.48 0 0 0 18 100 0.89 1.78 1.17 0.61 18.1 5.66 0.28 16.3 8.37 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 100 2.05 2.05 2.05 11.6 1.37 2.74 0 0 0 0 0 16 0.2 100 0.55 1.66 16.3 22.6 2.17 3.94 0 0 0 0 15 3.2 100 3.21 12.5 11.1 1.07 5.36 7.14 7.14 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 100 1.69 0.56 0.56 6.18 17.4 20.8 0 0 13 0.8 100 0.27 0.27 15.9 5.14 15.3 2.67 5.12 0.53 2.93 0 0 0 12 38 100 0.34 3.42 4.45 0.34 3.08 1.03 11.3 1.37 0 11 4.4 100 0.91 0.52 2.98 1.81 0.65 20.1 2.46 0.13 9.44 13.8 0 0 0 0 10 8.9 100 1.36 0.81 0.26 4.32 1.07 0.26 3.54 9 100 0.00 0.00 4.20 3.31 0.00 4.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.96 4.27 10.85 8 0 0 0 100 1.04 2.67 2.37 0.78 13.7 0.78 1.85 5.56 1.82 7 0 0 3.8 100 0.36 2.54 1.83 2.55 0.54 15.3 1.27 1.28 5.85 6 0 0 3.3 7.5 1.9 100 0.17 2.44 2.11 0.69 0.35 0.35 1.06 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0.31 1.87 4.72 4.23 23.8 0.31 4 0 0 0 0 0.3 100 1.52 0.91 0.91 21.5 1.82 4.85 2.42 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 1.45 0.29 9.57 0.58 5.51 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0.78 2.33 0.39 1.17 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 100 0.35 3.39 5.11 0.35 5.41 Dryado-Rhodothamnetum chamaecisti – Dolomites Dryado-Rhodothamnetum caricetosum firmae Dryado-Rhodothamnetum salicetosum waldsteinianae myrtilli hirsuti vaccinietosum Rhododendretum alpini Rhodothamno chamaecisti-Juniperetum waldsteinianae Laserpitio peucedanoidis-Salicetum Homogyne sylvestris geogr. waldsteinianae var. Salicetum waldsteinianae – Austria Salicetum – NE Alps glabrae Salicetum – Austria comm. (prov.) glabra Salix appendiculatae – Slovenia hirsuti-Salicetum Rhododendro appendiculatae – Croatia Rhododendo hirsuti-Salicetum appendiculatae typicum Aceri-Salicetum hirsuti pusillae-Rhododendretum Heliospermo Homogyno glabrae sylvestris-Salicetum alpinae hirsuti-Juniperetum Rhododendro waldsteinianae Scabioso cinerei-Salicetum appendiculate petasitetosum albi Aceri-Salicetum appendiculatae petasitetosum hybridi Aceri-Salicetum Legend – Legenda 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Successive number (Zaporedna številka) number (Zaporedna Successive Galio-Urticetea, Stellarietea mediae Stellarietea Galio-Urticetea, Epilobietea angustifolii Epilobietea Erico-Pinetea Vaccinio-Piceetea Tilio-Acerion Aremonio-Fagion Fagetalia sylvaticae Fagetalia Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae Quercetalia Querco-Fagetea Salicetea purpureae Salicetea Other species (Druge vrste) species (Druge Other Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lišaji) and lichens (Mahovi Mosses Total (Skupaj) Total

280