The Pliensbachian-Toarcian Paleoclimate Transition
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Substantial Vegetation Response to Early Jurassic Global Warming with Impacts on Oceanic Anoxia
ARTICLES https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0349-z Substantial vegetation response to Early Jurassic global warming with impacts on oceanic anoxia Sam M. Slater 1*, Richard J. Twitchett2, Silvia Danise3 and Vivi Vajda 1 Rapid global warming and oceanic oxygen deficiency during the Early Jurassic Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event at around 183 Ma is associated with a major turnover of marine biota linked to volcanic activity. The impact of the event on land-based eco- systems and the processes that led to oceanic anoxia remain poorly understood. Here we present analyses of spore–pollen assemblages from Pliensbachian–Toarcian rock samples that record marked changes on land during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event. Vegetation shifted from a high-diversity mixture of conifers, seed ferns, wet-adapted ferns and lycophytes to a low-diversity assemblage dominated by cheirolepid conifers, cycads and Cerebropollenites-producers, which were able to sur- vive in warm, drought-like conditions. Despite the rapid recovery of floras after Toarcian global warming, the overall community composition remained notably different after the event. In shelf seas, eutrophication continued throughout the Toarcian event. This is reflected in the overwhelming dominance of algae, which contributed to reduced oxygen conditions and to a marked decline in dinoflagellates. The substantial initial vegetation response across the Pliensbachian/Toarcian boundary compared with the relatively minor marine response highlights that the impacts of the early stages of volcanogenic -
Rowan C. Martindale Curriculum Vitae Associate Professor (Invertebrate Paleontology) at the University of Texas at Austin
ROWAN C. MARTINDALE CURRICULUM VITAE ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR (INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY) AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN Department of Geological Sciences E-mail: [email protected] Jackson School of Geosciences Website: www.jsg.utexas.edu/martindale/ 2275 Speedway Stop C9000 Orchid ID: 0000-0003-2681-083X Austin, TX 78712-1722 Phone: 512-475-6439 Office: JSG 3.216A RESEARCH INTERESTS The overarching theme of my work is the connection between Earth and life through time, more precisely, understanding ancient (Mesozoic and Cenozoic) ocean ecosystems and the evolutionary and environmental events that shaped them. My research is interdisciplinary, (paleontology, sedimentology, biology, geochemistry, and oceanography) and focuses on: extinctions and carbon cycle perturbation events (e.g., Oceanic Anoxic Events, acidification events); marine (paleo)ecology and reef systems; the evolution of reef builders (e.g., coral photosymbiosis); and exceptionally preserved fossil deposits (Lagerstätten). ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS Associate Professor, University of Texas at Austin September 2020 to Present Assistant Professor, University of Texas at Austin August 2014 to August 2020 Postdoctoral Researcher, Harvard University August 2012 to July 2014 Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; Mentor: Dr. Andrew H. Knoll. EDUCATION Doctorate, University of Southern California 2007 to 2012 Dissertation: “Paleoecology of Upper Triassic reef ecosystems and their demise at the Triassic-Jurassic extinction, a potential ocean acidification event”. Advisor: Dr. David J. Bottjer, degree conferred August 7th, 2012. Bachelor of Science Honors Degree, Queen’s University 2003 to 2007 Geology major with a general concentration in Biology (Geological Sciences Medal Winner). AWARDS AND RECOGNITION Awards During Tenure at UT Austin • 2019 National Science Foundation CAREER Award: Awarded to candidates who are judged to have the potential to serve as academic role models in research and education. -
Extinction Events Among Jurassic Bivalves
中国科技论文在线 http://www.paper.edu.cn 中山大学学报 ( 自然科学版) 第 39 卷 第 1 期 ACTA SCIENTIARUM NATURALIUM Vol 39 No1 2000 年 1 月 UNIVERSITATIS SUNYATSENI Jan 2000 Article ID: 05296579 ( 2000) 01009105 Extinction Events Among Jurassic Bivalves LIU Chunlian ( Department of Earth Sciences, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275) Abstract: Generic/ subgeneric level data on bivalves from the Jurassic ProtoAtlantic record three regional extinction events, at the end of the Pliensbachian, beginning of the Callovian and Tithonian stages. The ex tinction at the T ithonian is the most important in terms of magnitude and duration. These extinctions can cor relate with sealevel changes and associated environmental deterioration. The endPliensbachian extinction, related to anoxia caused by a sharp rise of sea level, selectively eliminated infaunal bivalves. In the Callo vian event, which was linked to a regional regression, the selection against infaunal group occurred only in midlatitude area. T ithonian event was a result of extreme and prolonged regression and lacked the selective extinction of infaunal bivalves. Keywords: extinction; Jurassic bivalves; ProtoAtlantic CLC number: Q9158174 Document code: A 1 Introduction Two extinction events among Jurassic organisms, at the end of the Pliensbachian and Tithonian stages, were confirmed at family level by Sepkoski et al[ 1] . Using specieslevel data of the molluscs, Hallam[ 2] demostrated that marine invertebrate mass extinctions at these times occurred on a regional, not a global scale. He estimated that 84% of species became extinct in West Europe in the endPliens bachian extinction, which was considered the most important of the whole Jurassic. However, no de tailed studies on the Jurassic extinctions at the generic level were published up to date. -
The Late Jurassic Tithonian, a Greenhouse Phase in the Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous ‘Cool’ Mode: Evidence from the Cyclic Adriatic Platform, Croatia
Sedimentology (2007) 54, 317–337 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00837.x The Late Jurassic Tithonian, a greenhouse phase in the Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous ‘cool’ mode: evidence from the cyclic Adriatic Platform, Croatia ANTUN HUSINEC* and J. FRED READ *Croatian Geological Survey, Sachsova 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, 4044 Derring Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA (E-mail: [email protected]) ABSTRACT Well-exposed Mesozoic sections of the Bahama-like Adriatic Platform along the Dalmatian coast (southern Croatia) reveal the detailed stacking patterns of cyclic facies within the rapidly subsiding Late Jurassic (Tithonian) shallow platform-interior (over 750 m thick, ca 5–6 Myr duration). Facies within parasequences include dasyclad-oncoid mudstone-wackestone-floatstone and skeletal-peloid wackestone-packstone (shallow lagoon), intraclast-peloid packstone and grainstone (shoal), radial-ooid grainstone (hypersaline shallow subtidal/intertidal shoals and ponds), lime mudstone (restricted lagoon), fenestral carbonates and microbial laminites (tidal flat). Parasequences in the overall transgressive Lower Tithonian sections are 1– 4Æ5 m thick, and dominated by subtidal facies, some of which are capped by very shallow-water grainstone-packstone or restricted lime mudstone; laminated tidal caps become common only towards the interior of the platform. Parasequences in the regressive Upper Tithonian are dominated by peritidal facies with distinctive basal oolite units and well-developed laminate caps. Maximum water depths of facies within parasequences (estimated from stratigraphic distance of the facies to the base of the tidal flat units capping parasequences) were generally <4 m, and facies show strongly overlapping depth ranges suggesting facies mosaics. Parasequences were formed by precessional (20 kyr) orbital forcing and form parasequence sets of 100 and 400 kyr eccentricity bundles. -
Lee-Riding-2018.Pdf
Earth-Science Reviews 181 (2018) 98–121 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth-Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/earscirev Marine oxygenation, lithistid sponges, and the early history of Paleozoic T skeletal reefs ⁎ Jeong-Hyun Leea, , Robert Ridingb a Department of Geology and Earth Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea b Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Microbial carbonates were major components of early Paleozoic reefs until coral-stromatoporoid-bryozoan reefs Cambrian appeared in the mid-Ordovician. Microbial reefs were augmented by archaeocyath sponges for ~15 Myr in the Reef gap early Cambrian, by lithistid sponges for the remaining ~25 Myr of the Cambrian, and then by lithistid, calathiid Dysoxia and pulchrilaminid sponges for the first ~25 Myr of the Ordovician. The factors responsible for mid–late Hypoxia Cambrian microbial-lithistid sponge reef dominance remain unclear. Although oxygen increase appears to have Lithistid sponge-microbial reef significantly contributed to the early Cambrian ‘Explosion’ of marine animal life, it was followed by a prolonged period dominated by ‘greenhouse’ conditions, as sea-level rose and CO2 increased. The mid–late Cambrian was unusually warm, and these elevated temperatures can be expected to have lowered oxygen solubility, and to have promoted widespread thermal stratification resulting in marine dysoxia and hypoxia. Greenhouse condi- tions would also have stimulated carbonate platform development, locally further limiting shallow-water cir- culation. Low marine oxygenation has been linked to episodic extinctions of phytoplankton, trilobites and other metazoans during the mid–late Cambrian. -
Orbital Pacing and Secular Evolution of the Early Jurassic Carbon Cycle
Orbital pacing and secular evolution of the Early Jurassic carbon cycle Marisa S. Storma,b,1, Stephen P. Hesselboc,d, Hugh C. Jenkynsb, Micha Ruhlb,e, Clemens V. Ullmannc,d, Weimu Xub,f, Melanie J. Lengg,h, James B. Ridingg, and Olga Gorbanenkob aDepartment of Earth Sciences, Stellenbosch University, 7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa; bDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, OX1 3AN Oxford, United Kingdom; cCamborne School of Mines, University of Exeter, TR10 9FE Penryn, United Kingdom; dEnvironment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, TR10 9FE Penryn, United Kingdom; eDepartment of Geology, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; fDepartment of Botany, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; gEnvironmental Science Centre, British Geological Survey, NG12 5GG Nottingham, United Kingdom; and hSchool of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD Loughborough, United Kingdom Edited by Lisa Tauxe, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, and approved January 3, 2020 (received for review July 14, 2019) Global perturbations to the Early Jurassic environment (∼201 to where they are recorded as individual shifts or series of shifts ∼174 Ma), notably during the Triassic–Jurassic transition and Toar- within stratigraphically limited sections. Some of these short-term cian Oceanic Anoxic Event, are well studied and largely associated δ13C excursions have been shown to represent changes in the with volcanogenic greenhouse gas emissions released by large supraregional to global carbon cycle, marked by synchronous igneous provinces. The long-term secular evolution, timing, and changes in δ13C in marine and terrestrial organic and inorganic pacing of changes in the Early Jurassic carbon cycle that provide substrates and recorded on a wide geographic extent (e.g., refs. -
Pliensbachian Nannofossils from Kachchh: Implications on the Earliest Jurassic Transgressive Event on the Western Indian Margin
53 he A Rei Series A/ Zitteliana An International Journal of Palaeontology and Geobiology Series A /Reihe A Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie 53 An International Journal of Palaeontology and Geobiology München 2013 Zitteliana Zitteliana A 53 (2013) 105 Pliensbachian nannofossils from Kachchh: Implications on the earliest Jurassic transgressive event on the western Indian margin Jyotsana Rai1 & Sreepat Jain2* Zitteliana A 53, 105 – 120 1Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 53 University Road, 226007, Lucknow, India München, 31.12.2013 2DG–2, Flat no. 52D, SFS Flats, Vikas Puri, New Delhi, 110018, India Manuscript received *Author for correspondence and reprint requests: E-mail: [email protected] 05.04.2013; revision accepted 16.11.2013 ISSN 1612 - 412X Abstract The oldest rocks within the Kachchh Basin belong to the sediments of Kaladongar Formation exposed in Kuar Bet, Pachchham Island (western India). The Formation’s lowest unit, the Dingi Hill Member has yielded a moderately diversified calcareous nannofossil assembla- ge that includes the marker species of Lotharingius contractus and Triscutum sullivanii of late Early Aalenian age associated with reworked species of Biscutum finchii, Bussonius prinsii, Crucirhabdus primulus, Crepidolithus pliensbachensis, Discorhabdus criotus and D. striatus suggesting an age spanning NJ4a to NJ7 Zones (Early Pliensbachian, Tethyan ammonite Jamesoni Zone to Middle Toarcian, Variabilis Zone). Additionally, samples from four other Kachchh domal localities (Kachchh Mainland: Jara, Jumara and Habo and the Island belt, Waagad) have also yielded reworked Pliensbachian-Toarcian age (~183 Ma) nannotaxa viz. Crepidolithus granulatus, Diductius constans, Mazaganella protensa, Mitrolithus elegans, Parhabdolithus liasicus, Similiscutum orbiculus, and Triscutum tiziense. This nannotaxa age is much earlier than the ammonite-based Earliest Bajocian date (~171.6 Ma) based on the presence of ammonite Calliphylloceras hetero- phylloides (Oppel). -
GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE V
GSA GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE v. 4.0 CENOZOIC MESOZOIC PALEOZOIC PRECAMBRIAN MAGNETIC MAGNETIC BDY. AGE POLARITY PICKS AGE POLARITY PICKS AGE PICKS AGE . N PERIOD EPOCH AGE PERIOD EPOCH AGE PERIOD EPOCH AGE EON ERA PERIOD AGES (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) HIST HIST. ANOM. (Ma) ANOM. CHRON. CHRO HOLOCENE 1 C1 QUATER- 0.01 30 C30 66.0 541 CALABRIAN NARY PLEISTOCENE* 1.8 31 C31 MAASTRICHTIAN 252 2 C2 GELASIAN 70 CHANGHSINGIAN EDIACARAN 2.6 Lopin- 254 32 C32 72.1 635 2A C2A PIACENZIAN WUCHIAPINGIAN PLIOCENE 3.6 gian 33 260 260 3 ZANCLEAN CAPITANIAN NEOPRO- 5 C3 CAMPANIAN Guada- 265 750 CRYOGENIAN 5.3 80 C33 WORDIAN TEROZOIC 3A MESSINIAN LATE lupian 269 C3A 83.6 ROADIAN 272 850 7.2 SANTONIAN 4 KUNGURIAN C4 86.3 279 TONIAN CONIACIAN 280 4A Cisura- C4A TORTONIAN 90 89.8 1000 1000 PERMIAN ARTINSKIAN 10 5 TURONIAN lian C5 93.9 290 SAKMARIAN STENIAN 11.6 CENOMANIAN 296 SERRAVALLIAN 34 C34 ASSELIAN 299 5A 100 100 300 GZHELIAN 1200 C5A 13.8 LATE 304 KASIMOVIAN 307 1250 MESOPRO- 15 LANGHIAN ECTASIAN 5B C5B ALBIAN MIDDLE MOSCOVIAN 16.0 TEROZOIC 5C C5C 110 VANIAN 315 PENNSYL- 1400 EARLY 5D C5D MIOCENE 113 320 BASHKIRIAN 323 5E C5E NEOGENE BURDIGALIAN SERPUKHOVIAN 1500 CALYMMIAN 6 C6 APTIAN LATE 20 120 331 6A C6A 20.4 EARLY 1600 M0r 126 6B C6B AQUITANIAN M1 340 MIDDLE VISEAN MISSIS- M3 BARREMIAN SIPPIAN STATHERIAN C6C 23.0 6C 130 M5 CRETACEOUS 131 347 1750 HAUTERIVIAN 7 C7 CARBONIFEROUS EARLY TOURNAISIAN 1800 M10 134 25 7A C7A 359 8 C8 CHATTIAN VALANGINIAN M12 360 140 M14 139 FAMENNIAN OROSIRIAN 9 C9 M16 28.1 M18 BERRIASIAN 2000 PROTEROZOIC 10 C10 LATE -
E. Geochemistry
APPENDIX E – GEOCHEMISTRY APPENDIX E - GEOCHEMISTRY TABLE OF CONTENTS APPENDIX E – GEOCHEMISTRY .............................................................................. APPENDIX E.3 LIST OF FIGURES Figure A.E. 1. Eel Formation source rock characteristics, offshore Ireland. ......................................................... Appendix E.7 Figure A.E. 2 Rainbow Claystone Formation source rock characteristics, offshore Ireland. ................................. Appendix E.8 Figure A.E. 3 Sybil Formation source rock characteristics, offshore Ireland. ....................................................... Appendix E.9 Figure A.E. 4 Galley Formation source rock characteristics, offshore Ireland. ................................................... Appendix E.10 Figure A.E. 5 Kestrel Formation source rock characteristics, offshore Ireland. .................................................. Appendix E.11 Figure A.E. 6 Harrier Formation source rock characteristics, offshore Ireland. ................................................. Appendix E.12 Figure A.E. 7 Inagh Formation source rock characteristics, offshore Ireland. .................................................... Appendix E.13 Figure A.E. 8 Meelagh Formation source rock characteristics, offshore Ireland. ................................................ Appendix E.14 Figure A.E. 9 Caragh Formation source rock characteristics, offshore Ireland. ................................................. Appendix E.15 Figure A.E. 10 Ruacan Formation source rock characteristics, offshore -
The Jurassic (Pliensbachian to Oxfordian) Palynology of the Algarve Basin and the Carrapateira Outlier, Southern Portugal
1 The Jurassic (Pliensbachian to Kimmeridgian) palynology of the Algarve Basin and the 2 Carrapateira outlier, southern Portugal 3 4 Marisa E.N. Borges a,b, James B. Riding c*, Paulo Fernandes a, Zélia Pereira b 5 6 a CIMA - Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental. Universidade do Algarve, 7 Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal 8 b LNEG-LGM, Rua da Amieira, 4465-965 S. Mamede Infesta, Portugal 9 c British Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 10 5GG, UK 11 12 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +44(0)115 9363447. 13 E-mail addresses: [email protected] (M.E.N. Borges), [email protected] (J.B. 14 Riding), [email protected] (P. Fernandes), [email protected] (Z. Pereira). 15 16 ABSTRACT 17 The palynology of the Jurassic (Upper Pliensbachian to Lower Kimmeridgian) 18 fill of the Algarve Basin and the Carrapateira outlier, southern Portugal was 19 investigated. Samples were collected from Armação Nova Bay, Mareta Beach, Cilheta 20 Beach and the Carrapateira outlier. At Armação Nova Bay the Upper Pliensbachian- 21 Lower Toarcian succession proved barren, or yielded sparse, non age-diagnostic 22 palynomorphs. Dinoflagellate cysts are confined to the Upper Bajocian to Upper 23 Callovian sedimentary rocks exposed at Mareta and Cilheta beaches and the Lower 24 Kimmeridgian strata of the Carrapateira outlier. At Mareta Beach, the Upper Bajocian, 25 Bathonian and Callovian produced relatively low to moderate diversity dinoflagellate 26 cyst assemblages. Several key bioevents confirm the Bathonian and Callovian ages of 27 the succession; no age-significant Late Bajocian bioevents were noted. -
The Toarcian–Bathonian Succession of the Antsiranana Basin
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Journal of African Earth Sciences 51 (2008) 21–38 www.elsevier.com/locate/jafrearsci The Toarcian–Bathonian succession of the Antsiranana Basin (NW Madagascar): Facies analysis and tectono-sedimentary history in the development of the East Africa-Madagascar conjugate margins Mauro Papini *, Marco Benvenuti Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universita` di Firenze, Via G. La Pira 4, 50120 Firenze, Italy Received 6 September 2006; received in revised form 8 November 2007; accepted 14 November 2007 Available online 22 November 2007 Abstract The latest Early to Middle Jurassic succession of the Antsiranana Basin (NW Madagascar) records the complex transition from the con- tinental rifting of Gondwana to the drifting of Madagascar-India from East Africa. The Madagascan Late Paleozoic–Mesozoic successions have been included in several paleogeographic and geodynamic models explaining the evolution of the Gondwana margins. Nevertheless, in some cases, as for the Toarcian–Bathonian deposits of the Antsiranana Basin, no significant stratigraphic revision has been carried out since the early 1970s. New field surveys allow reconsidering the stratigraphic and structural context and the palaeoenvironmental meaning of Toarcian–Bathonian successions occurring in different parts of the basin. These successions rest on the Triassic-Early Jurassic Isalo Sand- stone which records pre-breakup rift events with a dominantly fluvial deposition. This situation is similar to other continental rift basins of Gondwana. After a regional Toarcian transgression the different portions of the Antsiranana Basin were characterized by significantly diversified and coeval depositional environments. The basin can be subdivided in a SW and NE part separated by a NW–SE trending struc- tural high. -
Organic-Rich Facies in the Sinemurian and Pliensbachian of the Lusitanian
REFERENCES Geologica Acta, Vol.8, Nº 3, September 2010, 325-340 DOI: 10.1344/105.000001536 Available online at www.geologica-acta.com Organic-Rich facies in the Sinemurian and Pliensbachian of the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal: Total organic carbon distribution and relation to transgressive-regressive facies cycles 1 1 2 3 4 L.V. DUARTE R.L. SILVA L.C.V. OLIVEIRA M.J. COMAS-RENGIFO F. SILVA 1 Departamento de Ciências da Terra and IMAR-CMA, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia. Universidade de Coimbra Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3000-272 Coimbra, Portugal. Duarte E-mail: [email protected] Silva E-mail: [email protected] 2 PETROBRAS/RH/UP/ECTEP/PETROBRAS/RH/UP/ECTEP R. Ulisses Guimarães, 565/8º Andar, 211-225-Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Departamento-UEI de Paleontología, UCM-CSIC José Antonio Novais, 2, 28040 Madrid, España. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Galp Energia, SGPS, S.A., E&P Edifício Galp Energia, Rua Tomás da Fonseca, 1600-209, Lisboa, Portugal. E-mail: franciscosilva@galpenergia ABSTRACT The upper Sinemurian to Pliensbachian series of the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal) correspond to marly limestone sediments rich in benthic and nektonic macrofauna. This sedimentary record includes several intervals of organic- rich facies, which are particularly well developed in the western sectors of the basin. They correspond to grey and dark marls locally showing strong lamination (black shale type) and are recognized as one of the most important potential oil source rocks. This study shows the vertical and lateral distribution of these organic-rich intervals, supported by over 550 total organic carbon (TOC) determinations.